CN1112367C - 包含食欲抑制肽的药物组合物的应用 - Google Patents
包含食欲抑制肽的药物组合物的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1112367C CN1112367C CN97193525A CN97193525A CN1112367C CN 1112367 C CN1112367 C CN 1112367C CN 97193525 A CN97193525 A CN 97193525A CN 97193525 A CN97193525 A CN 97193525A CN 1112367 C CN1112367 C CN 1112367C
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Abstract
用于治疗肥胖或II型糖尿病的食欲抑制肽或含食欲抑制肽的组分。
Description
发明所属领域
本发明是关于包含食饮抑制肽或含食欲抑制肽组分的药物组合物的应用,和依靠上述肽得到食欲调节的方法。
发明背景
胰高血糖素由胰腺A细胞合成,响应低血糖水平而释放的。它的主要作用位点是肝部,在此刺激葡萄糖合成。它是在血糖稳态中拮抗胰岛素的主要激素〔Unger,R.H.and L.orci(1990)。胰高血糖素,Diabetes Mellitus,4th ed.New York,Elsevier.pp104-120〕。
胰高血糖素通过有限蛋白酶解由一个更大的前体加工得到。胰高血糖素基因的分子克隆揭示了胰高血糖素原前体不仅包含了胰高血糖素而且包含了两个另外的胰高血糖素样肽,称为GLP-1和GLP-2。GLP-1和GLP-2由分开的外显子(暗示着截然不同的生物活性)编码,。后来证明,在已知的合成胰高血糖素原的三个不同的组织:胰腺A细胞,肠L细胞和中枢神经系统(CNS)中,胰高血糖素前体用于差别加工。因此,胰高血糖素选择性地在胰岛A细胞中由前体剪切得到,同时GLP-1和GLP-2选择性地从肠L-细胞和CNS释放出来〔综述于(Unger,R.H.和L.Orci(1990)。胰高血糖素。
Diabetes Mellitus,4th ed.New York,Elsevier.pp104-120)〕。
特异的GLP-1受体已得到鉴定〔Thorens,B.(1992)美国国家科学院院报89:8641-8645〕,与胰高血糖素受体〔L.J Jelinek,等(1993)科学259:1614-1616〕明显不同,它们有不同的组织分布〔R.V.Campos,等(1994)内分泌学134:2156-2164〕。GLP-1在饭后从L细胞释放,与肠促胰岛素激素作用相似(即它增强了葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素从胰腺B细胞释放)。因此GLP-1受体在胰岛B细胞表面上高水平表达〔K.Moens,等(1996)糖尿病45:257-261〕。
GLP-2诱导肠上皮增生已得到证明〔Drucker,D.J.等(1996)美国国家科学院院报93:7911-7916〕,并有报道用在含GLP-2的培养基中生长的细胞治疗胃肠疾病(Drucker,D.J.和Keneford,J.R.WO 96/32414)。
至今没有GLP-2受体的报告。胰高血糖素原衍生的肽和摄食行为
我们以前已经报告了在大鼠中可移殖的厌食的胰高血糖素瘤〔O.D.Madsen,等(1993)内分泌学133:2020-2030〕和低血糖的胰岛瘤的衍化和建立〔O.D.Madsen,等(1988)美国国家科学院院报85:6652-6656〕。这些肿瘤可以从多能的MSL细胞的共同的细胞系来源衍生得到〔O.D.Madsen,等(1986)细胞生物学杂志103:2025:2034〕,并分别反映了胰岛A细胞和B细胞的成熟过程〔O.D.Madsen,等(1993)内分泌学133:2020-2030〕。
与胰高血糖素瘤相关的食欲缺乏是非常严重的:它急性发病并在极少天数后导致食物摄入的完全停止。其食欲缺乏的严重性几乎没有啮齿动物中的其他实验肿瘤能比得上,暗示了胰高血糖素产生一个很有力的饱满感因子,通过外周给药途径起作用。以前证明厌食的胰高血糖素瘤显示了非生理性的加工,导致胰高血糖素和GLP-1的形成〔O.D.Madsen,等(1993)内分泌学133:2022-2030〕。而且,非厌食的胰高血糖素瘤变种不能加工前体〔O.D.Madsen,等(1995)Scand.J.Clin.Lab.invest.55,suppl 220:27-36〕。体重减少也被提到为人类胰高血糖素瘤综合症的症状〔J.J.Holst(1985)产生胰高血糖素的肿瘤,于:
产生激素的胃肠道肿瘤。New York,Churchill LiVingstone.pp57-84〕,尽管在不同的病人中有很高程度变化性〔S.J.Bhathena,等(1981),胰高血糖素瘤和胰高血糖素瘤综合症,于:胰腺A细胞的生理学,病理学和形态学。New York,Elsevier,413-438〕。胰高血糖素
胰高血糖素被证明参与了大鼠中自发食量的调节,但影响有限,并且通过迷走连接到肝部产生〔N.Geary,等(1993)美国生理学杂志264:R 116-R122〕。此种效应仅仅通过胰高血糖素的肝门输注可以观察到,而药理学剂量的腹膜内给药对禁食的大鼠的食物摄入没有影响〔O.D.Madsen,等(1993)内分泌学133:2022-2030〕。GLP-1
GLP-1在摄食调节中的关键作用最近有所报告〔M.D.Turton,等(1996)自然379:69-72〕。在禁食的大鼠的大脑室内施用GLP-1抑制了摄食。而GLP-1的周围用药对摄食行为没有影响〔M.D.turton,等(1996)自然379:69-72;O.D.Madsen,等(1993)内分泌学133:2022-2030〕,这一点暗示了肿瘤合成的GLP-1在观察到的厌食中可能没有起明显作用。
发明概述
已发现当周围施用时,GLP-2对抑制食物摄入有强有力的效应。
已提出通常与GLP-1一起从肠L细胞释放的GLP-2,适合它本身作为周围饱满因子的独特作用。
因此,本发明涉及药物组合物的应用,与药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体一起,药物组合物包括通过酸乙醇抽提,凝胶过滤和制备HPLC制备的胰高血糖素瘤肿瘤抽提物的HPLC组分,上述组分在图2中表现为G4H9组分并包含胰高血糖素样肽2(GLP-2)作为主要成分(即超过40%)或包含上述组分的任何单一成分或者上述组分两个或更多成分的组合。
另一方面,本发明涉及包括胰高血糖素样肽2(GLP-2)或其变体或其同系物的药物组合物预防或治疗与食欲调节损伤相关的疾病或失调的应用。
在进一步的方面,本发明涉及包括具有下面氨基酸序列的肽的药物组合物预防或治疗与食欲调节损伤相关的疾病或失调的应用。
此肽的氨基酸序列:
X1HX2DGSFSDEMNTX3LDX4LAX5X6DFINWLX7X8TKITDX9
其中X1是NH2,DFPEEVAIVEELGRR,DFPEEVTIVEELGRR,DFPEEVNIVEELRRR,或其片段。
X2是Ala或Gly,
X3是Ile或Val,
X4是Asn,Ser或His,
X5是Ala或Thr,
X6是Arg或Lys,
X7是Ile或Leu,
X8是Gln或His,或
X9是OH,Lys,Arg,Arg-Lys,Lys-Arg,Arg-Arg或Lys-Lys
在更进一步的方面,本发明涉及治疗与食欲调节损伤相关的疾病或失调的方法,此方法包括给需要这种治疗的个体施用足以在上述个体中抑制食欲或减少饱满感的一定量的此处说明的肽。
在更进一步的方向,本发明涉及如此处说明的肽,在制造预防或治疗与食欲调节损伤相关的疾病或失调的药物中的应用。本发明详细描述
本发明描述中,术语“肽”应理解为包括成熟的GLP-2肽或其前体形式和实质上具有全长活性的其功能片段。而且,术语“肽”旨在包括上述肽的同系物。该同系物包含的氨基酸序列表现了与人类GLP-2的氨基酸序列的至少50%,例如至少75%,和更特别地至少90%的同一性。同一性程度可以通过传统方法确定,例如见Altshul等,
Bull. Math.Bio.
48:603-616,and Henikoff and Henikoff,美国国家科学院院报89:10915-10919,1992。
现有肽的同系物可能有一个或更多氨基酸置换,缺失或增加。这些变化可能是具有次要性质的,即是不明显影响肽折叠或活性的保守的氨基酸替换;小的缺失,典型地1到大约5个氨基酸;小的氨基或羧基端延伸,例如氨基端蛋氨酸残基,至多大约15个残基的小的接头肽,或辅助纯化的小延伸,例如多聚组氨酸片段,抗原决定基或结合结构域。一般见Ford等,
蛋白表达和纯化
2:95-107,1991。保守置换的例子在碱性氨基酸(例如精氨酸,赖氨酸,组氨酸),酸性氨基酸(例如谷氨酰胺和天门冬氨酸),极性氨基酸(例如谷氨酰胺和天门冬氨酰胺),疏水性氨基酸(例如亮氨酸,异亮氨酸,缬氨酸),芳香族氨基酸(例如苯丙氨酸,色氨酸,酪氨酸)和小氨基酸(例如甘氨酸,丙氨酸,丝氨酸,苏氨酸、蛋氨酸)组中。
同系物可以是等位基因变体,即通过突变引起的基因变换形式,或由突变的基因编码的变化的肽,但具有与天然的GLP-2肽基本上相同的活性。因此突变可以是不表现出来的(在编码的肽中无变化)或者可以编码改变了氨基酸序列的肽。
现有肽的同系物可以是种间同系物,即来自其他物种的具有同样活性的肽。GLP-2肽的种间同系物的例子是人类,牛,大鼠,仓鼠,豚鼠和猪的GLP-2。
在本发明的优选的实施方案中,GLP-2肽是指
X1是NH2,X2是Ala,X3是Ile,X4是Asn,X5是Ala,X6是Arg,X7是Ile,X8是Gln,或X9是OH。特别地,此肽有以下氨基酸序列:
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A A R D F I N W L I Q T K IT D(人类GLP-2)或
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A T R D F I N W L I Q T K IT D(大鼠GLP-2)或
H A D G S F S D E M N T V L D N L A T R D F I N W L L H T KI T D(猪GLP-2)。
此肽同系物可以根据标准技术,例如如Sambrook
分子克隆:实验 手册,第二版,冷泉港实验室,冷泉港,纽约,1989,的描述,制备该物种细胞的基因组或cDNA文库,并通过使用合成的寡核苷酸探针筛选编码所有或部分同系物的DNA序列来分离,或者通过Sambrook等,
同前的描述使用特异引物进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)的方法。
本发明也涉及包含GLP-2肽变体的组合物。此处变体是指一个或多个氨基酸残基或被其它氨基酸残基置换。在特别优选的实施方案中成熟肽的2位上的Ala被Gly置换。预测这种变体将比天然肽表现更长的血浆半衰期,这是一个优点,因为得到足够抑制食欲或引起饱满感效果的所需剂量通常将减小。
GLP-2肽或同系物或如上所述的其变体可以根据本领域成熟的方法通过重组DNA技术得到。
更具体地,编码GLP-2肽的DNA序列可以在发表的人类前胰高血糖素原DNA序列(参见J.W.white等,核酸研究14,1986,pp.4719-4730;G.L.Bell等,自然304,1983,pp.368-371)的基础上分离或合成,例如根据标准的技术(参见Sambrook等,
同前)通过从适当的组织制备基因组成cDNA文库,并通过使用合成的寡核苷酸探针杂交筛选编码所有或部分GLP-2肽的DNA序列得到。为目前的目的,编码GLP-2肽的DNA序列优选为人类来源。
编码GLP-2肽的DNA构建体可以通过成熟的标准方法,例如Beaucage和Caruthers,
Tetrehedron Letters
22(1981),1859-1869描述的磷酰胺方法或Matthes等,
EMBO Journal
3(1984),801-805描述的方法,合成制备。根据磷酰胺方法,寡核苷酸例如在自动DNA合成仪中合成,纯化,退火,连接并克隆到适合的载体上。
进一步说,DNA构建体可以具有混合合成的和基因组的,混合合成的和cDNA或混合基因组的和cDNA来源,它们是根据标准技术通过连接合成的,基因组的或cDNA来源(如果合适)的片段制备的,这些片段对应于完整DNA构建体的不同部分。
DNA构建体也可以使用特异的引物通过聚合酶链反应制备,例如如在US 4,683,202或Saiki等,
科学
239(1988),487-491Sambrook等,
同前中描述的。
在目前优选的实施方案中,DNA构建体包括G.I.Bell等,自然304,1983,pp.368-371的图3中表示的DNA序列和编码人类GLP-2的核酸序列,但由于遗传密码子的简并性与Beu等,同前的图3中表示的DNA序列有所不同。DNA构建体进一步包括能在严格条件下与编码人类GLP-2的核酸分子(或基因组的,或合成的,或cDNA或RNA)杂交的核酸序列(即在5×SSC中预浸泡并在含20%甲酰胺,5×Denhardt’s溶液,50mM磷酸钠(pH6.8)和50μg变性的经超声处理的牛胸腺DNA的溶液中于大约40℃预杂交1小时,接着在加入了100μM ATP的同样溶液中于大约40℃杂交18小时,然后在45℃温度下用0.4×SSC洗)。这些可以是例如,编码从其它物种来的GLP-2。例如大鼠,牛,仓鼠,豚鼠或猪的GLP-2的DNA序列。
为表达GLP-2,编码GLP-2肽的DNA构建体插入在合适的重组载体中。这可以是任何可以方便地用于重组DNA程序的载体,而选择载体常常将依赖于其要导入的宿主细胞。因此,载体可以是自主复制载体,即载体作为染色体外的实体存在,其复制独立于染色体复制之外,例如质粒。选择性地,另一种载体可以在导入宿主细胞时,整合到宿主细胞基因组中,并与其整合的染色体一起复制。
载体优选地是一种表达载体,其中编码GLP-2肽的DNA序列可操作地与DNA转录所需的另外的片段连接。一般地,表达载体来自质粒,或病毒DNA,或可以包含这两种的元件。术语“可操作地连接”表示片段的排列使它们的功能与它们预期的目的一致,例如转录从启动子起始并通过编码肽的DNA序列继续进行。
启动子可以是任何在所选的宿主细胞中具有转录活性的DNA序列和可以来自编码与宿主细胞同源的或异源的蛋白的基因。
起始编码GLP-2肽的DNA在哺乳动物细胞中转录的合适的启动子的例子有SV40启动子〔Subramani等,
细胞分子生物学
1(1981),854-864〕,MT-1(金属硫蛋白基因)启动子〔Palmiter等,
科学
222(1983),809-814〕或者腺病毒2主要晚期启动子。
在昆虫细胞中使用的合适的启动子的例子是多角体蛋白启动子〔US 4,745,051;Vasuvedan等,
FEBS Lett.311,(1992)7-11〕,P10启动子(J.M.Vlak等.,
普通病毒学杂志
69,1988,pp 765-776),苜蓿丫纹夜蛾(
Autographa californica)多角体病毒结构蛋白启动子(EP 397-485),杆状病毒立即早期基因1启动子(US 5,155,037;US 5,162,222)或杆状病毒39K晚早期基因启动子(US 5,155,037;US5,162,222)。
在酵母宿主细胞中使用的适合的启动子的例子包括来自酵母糖酵解基因的启动子〔Hitzeman等,
生物化学杂志
255(1980),12073-12080;Alber和Kawasaki,
应用分子遗传学杂志
1(1982),419-434〕。或醇脱氢酶基因启动子〔Young等,
in genetic Engineering of Microorganisms for chemicals(Hollaender等eds.Plenum出版社,New York,1982〕,或
TPL1(US 4,599,311)或
ADH2-4C〔Russell等,
自然,
304(1983),652-654〕启动子。
在丝状真菌宿主细胞中使用的合适的启动子的例子是,例如,ADH3启动子〔Mcknight等,
The EMBO J.4(1985),2093-2099〕或tpiA启动子。其他有用的启动子的例子是来自编码米曲霉(
A.oryzae)TAKA淀粉酶,
Rhizomucor miehei天门冬氨酸蛋白酶,黑曲霉(
A. niger)中性α-淀粉酶,黑曲霉酸稳定α-淀粉酶,黑曲霉或泡盛曲霉(
A.awamori)葡糖淀粉酶(glu A),
Rhizomucormi miehei脂肪酶,米曲霉碱性蛋白水解酶,米曲霉丙糖磷酸异构酶或构巢曲霉(
A. nidulans)乙酰胺酶的基因。优选的是TAKA淀粉酶和glu A启动子。
在细菌宿主细胞中使用的适合的启动子包括嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(
Bacillus stearothermophilus)生麦淀粉酶基因,地衣芽孢杆菌(
Bacillus licheniformis)α-淀粉酶基因,解淀粉芽孢杆菌(
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)BAN淀粉酶基因,枯草芽孢杆菌(
Bacillus subtillis)碱性蛋白酶基因,或短小芽孢杆菌(
Bacillus pumilns)木糖苷酶基因的启动子,或通过λ-噬菌体PR或PL启动子或大肠杆菌(E.Coli)
lac,
trp或
tac启动子。
编码GLP-2肽的DNA序列如果需要也可以与一个合适的终止子,例如人生长激素终止子(Palmiter等,
在前所述引的文献中)或(对真菌宿主的)TPL1(Alber和Kawasaki,
在前所引的文献中)或ADH3(Mcknight等,
在前所引的文献中)终止子可操作地连接。载体可进一步地包括一些元件例如多腺苷酸化信号(例如来自SV40或腺病毒5Elb区域),转录增强子序列(例如SV40增强子)和翻译增强子序列(例如编码腺病毒VA RNAs的增强子)。
重组载体可以进一步包括使载体在该宿主细胞中可以复制的DNA序列。这样的序列的例子(当宿主细胞是哺乳动物细胞时)是SV40的复制起始区。
当宿主细胞是酵母细胞时,使载体能复制的适宜序列是酵母质粒2μ复制基因REP1-3和复制起始区。
载体也可以包含一个选择标志,例如一个基因,其产物补偿宿主细胞中的一个缺失,例如编码二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)的基因或粟酒裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)TPL基因(由P.R.Russell描述,基因40,1985,pp.125-130),或者赋予对药物,例如氨苄青霉素,卡那霉素,四环素,氯霉素,新霉素,潮霉素或氨甲蝶呤抗性的基因。对于丝状真菌,选择标记包括
ands,
pyrG,
argB,
niaD,
sC。
为将GLP-2肽导入宿主细胞的分泌途径,重组载体中可提供分泌信号序列(也称为前导序列,前原序列或前序列)。分泌信号序列按正确阅读框架连在编码肽的DNA序列上。分泌信号序列通常在编码肽的DNA序列的5’位置。分泌信号序列一般可以是与此肽相关联的或可以是来自编码另一分泌蛋白的基因。
为从酵母细胞分泌,分泌信号序列可以编码任何保证有效将表达的肽导入细胞的分泌途径的信号肽。信号肽可以是天然产生的信号肽,或其功能部分,或它可以是合成的肽。已发现的适合的信号肽有α-因子信号肽(参见US 4,870,008),小鼠唾液淀粉酶的信号肽(参见O.Hagenbuchle等,
自然
289,1981,pp.643-646),修饰的羧基肽酶的信号肽(参见L.A.Valls等,
细胞
48,1987,pp.887-897),酵母
BAR1信号肽(参见WO 87/02670),或酵母天门冬氨酸的蛋白酶3(YAP3)信号肽(参见M.Egel-Mitani等,
酵母
6,1990,pp.127-137)。
为在酵母中有效分泌,编码前导肽的序列也可以插入到信号序列的下游和编码GLP-2肽的DNA序列的上游。前导肽的功能是允许表达的肽从内质网导入到高尔基体,并进一步到分泌小泡以分泌到培养基中(即肽通过细胞壁的输出或至少通过细胞膜进入酵母细胞的周质空间)。前导肽可以是酵母α-因子前体(其用途在例如US 4,546,082,EP16 201,EP123 294,EP123 544和EP 163 529中描述)。选择性地,前导肽可以是合成的前导肽,也就是说,此前导肽在自然界中没有发现。合成的前导肽可以,例如如WO 89/02463或WO 92/11378中描述的构建。
为在丝状真菌中使用,信号肽可以方便地来自编码曲霉属种类(
Aspergillus sp.)淀粉酶或葡糖淀粉酶的基因,编码
Rhizomcor miehei脂肪酶或蛋白酶的基因,
Humicola lanuginosa脂肪酶的基因。信号肽优选地来自编码米曲霉TAKA淀粉酶,黑曲霉中性α-淀粉酶,黑曲霉酸稳定淀粉酶,或黑曲霉葡糖淀粉酶的基因。
对在昆虫中应用,信号肽可以方便地来自昆虫基因(参见WO90/05783),例如鳞翅目(
Manduca sexta)脂动激素前体信号肽(参见US 5,023,328)。
用来分别连接编码GLP-2肽的DNA序列,启动子和选择性地终止子和/或分泌信号序列,并将它们插入含复制必须信息的合适的载体中的方法,为本领域技术人员所熟知(参见例如,Sambrook等,在前引用的书中)。
编码导入宿主细胞的GLP-2肽的DNA序列可以是与该宿主或同源或异源的。如果与宿主细胞同源,即由宿主细胞天然合成,典型地它将可操作地与另一个启动子序列或,如果合适,与另一个分泌信号序列和/或终止子序列连接,而不是在其天然的环境。术语“同源的”是指包含了编码该宿主有机体天然多肽的cDNA序列。术语“异源的”是指包含了不在宿主细胞中天然表达的DNA序列。因此,DNA序列可以来自另一有机体,或可以是合成的序列。
本发明的DNA构建体或重组载体要导入的宿主细胞可以是任何能够合成本肽的细胞,包括细菌,酵母,真菌和高等真核细胞。
通过培养能够合成GLP-2肽的细菌宿主细胞的例子是革兰氏阳性菌,例如芽孢杆菌属的菌株,例如枯草芽孢杆菌,地衣芽孢杆菌,迟缓芽孢杆菌,短小芽孢杆菌,嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌,嗜碱芽孢杆菌,解淀粉芽孢杆菌,凝结芽孢杆菌,环状芽孢杆菌,灿烂芽孢杆菌,巨大芽孢杆菌,苏云金芽孢杆菌,或者链霉菌属菌株,例如浅青紫链霉菌,鼠灰链霉菌,或革兰氏阴性菌例如大肠杆菌。细菌的转化可以用所知的方法(参见Sambrook等,同前)通过原生质体转化或通过使用感受态细胞实现。
当在细菌例如大肠杆菌中表达肽时,肽可能是留在细胞质中,典型的作为不溶性颗粒体(称为内含体),或可能通过细菌分泌序列分泌到周质空间。在前一种情况下,细胞裂解,回收颗粒体并使之变性,之后通过稀释变性剂使肽重新折叠。在后一种情况下,肽可以通过破坏细胞来从周质空间回收,例如通过超声波处理或渗透压休克来释放周质空间的内容物和回收肽。
合适的哺乳动物细胞系的例子是COS(ATCC CRL 1650),BHK(ATCC CRL 1632,ATCC CCL 10),CHL(ATCC CCL39)或CHO(ATCC CCL61)细胞系。转染哺乳动物细胞和表达导入细胞的DNA序列的方法在例如Kaufman和sharp,
分子生物学杂 志
159(1982),601-602;Southern and Berg,
应用分子遗传 学杂志
1(1982),327-341;Loyter等,
美国国家科学院院报
79(1982);422-426;Wigler等,
细胞
14(1978),725;Corsaro和Pearson,
Somatic Cell Genetics
7(1981),603,Graham和Van derEb,
病毒学
52(1973),456;和Neumann等,
EMBO J.
1(1982),841-845中描述。
合适的酵母细胞的例子包括酵母属种类或裂殖酵母属种类,尤其酿酒酵母或克鲁弗酵母株的细胞。用异源DNA转化酵母细胞和由此合成异源多肽的方法,已有描述。例如在US 4,599,311,US4,931,373,US4,870,008,5,037,743和US4,845,075中,此处引用的所有文献作为参考。转化的细胞通过由选择标记通常地药物抗性决定的表型,或者在缺乏特定营养例如亮氨酸的情况下生长的能力来筛选。优选的在酵母中使用的载体是在US 4,931,373中公开的POT1载体。编码GLP-2肽的DNA序列位于信号序列和选择性地前导序列例如如上所述的之后。合适的酵母细胞进一步的例子是克鲁维酵母属,如乳酸克鲁维酵母;汉逊酵母属,例如多形汉逊酵母;或毕赤酵母属,例如巴斯德毕赤酵母(参见Gleeson等,
普通微生物学杂志
132,1986,pp.3459-3465;US 4,882,279)的菌株。
其他真菌细胞的例子是丝状真菌的细胞,例如曲霉属种类,脉孢菌属种类,镰孢霉属种类,或木霉属种类,尤其是米曲霉,构巢曲霉或黑曲霉菌株的细胞。曲霉属种类在蛋白表达中的应用已有描述,例如于EP 272 277和EP 230 023中。尖镰孢的转化可以,例如,如Malardier等,1989,基因78:147-156中描述的进行。
当丝状真菌用来作为宿主细胞时,可以用编码GLP-2肽的DNA构建体转化细胞,方便地通过将DNA构建体整合到宿主染色体上来得到重组宿主细胞。因为DNA序列很可能在细胞中稳定保持,这种整合一般地认为是一个优点。DNA构建体整合到宿主染色体中可以根据传统方法实施,例如通过同源或异源的重组。
昆虫细胞的转化和异源多肽在其中的合成可以根据US 4,745,051;US 4,879,236;US 5,155,037;5,162,222;EP 397,485中描述的实施,此处引用的所有文献作为参考。作为宿主的昆虫细胞系可能是鳞翅目细胞系,例如草地夜蛾(
Spodoptera frugiperda)细胞或粉纹夜蛾(
Trichoplusia ni)细胞(参见US 5,077,214)。培养条件可以适当地如,例如,WO 89/01029或WO 89/01028,或前述参考文献中任一所述的。
然后以上所述的转化的或转染的宿主细胞在允许GLP-2肽表达的条件下在适当的营养培养基中培养,之后所得的GLP-2肽从培养物中回收。
用于培养细胞的培养基可以是适合生长宿主细胞的任何传统的培养基,例如基本或包括适当补充物的复杂培养基。适当的培养基可以从商业的供应商得到或者根据发表的配方制备(例如:美国典型培养物保藏中心的目录中)。细胞合成的GLP-2肽可以用传统的方法从培养基中回收,包括通过离心或过滤从培养基中分离宿主细胞,用盐,例如硫酸铵,的方法从上清或溶液中沉淀蛋白成分,通过一系列的层析方法,例如离子交换层析,凝胶过滤层析,亲和层析等等纯化。
在本发明的药物组合物中,GLP-2肽可以通过任何配制药物组合物的已成熟的方法配制,例如在
Remington’s pharmaceilfical sciences,1985中描述的。组合物可以是适合全身注射或输液的形式并且可以用适当的液体载体例如无菌水或等渗的盐水或葡萄糖溶液配制。组合物可以通过本领域熟知的传统的灭菌技术灭菌。得到的水溶液可以分装使用或者在无菌条件下过滤并冻干,冻干制备物在用药前与无菌水溶液混合。组合物可以接近生理条件所需要的包含药学上可接受的的辅助物质,比如缓冲剂,离子调节剂等等,例如醋酸钠,乳酸钠,氯化钠,氯化钾,氯化钙,等等。
本发明的药物组合物适合于鼻,经皮肤的,肺或直肠用药。在组合物中使用的药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂可以是任何传统上的固体载体。固体载体的例子是乳糖,白土,蔗糖,滑石粉,明胶,琼脂,果胶,金合欢胶,硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸。同样地,载体或稀释剂可以包括任何在本领域内所知的持续释放物质,例如单独的单硬脂酸甘油酯或双硬脂酸甘油脂或它们与蜡的混合物。
以持续释放形式提供本发明的组合物具有特别的优点。象这样,组合物可以配制成包含GLP-2肽的微胶囊或微颗粒,其中GLP-2肽在合适的药学上可接受的可生物降解的聚合物例如多聚乳酸,多聚乙醇酸或乳酸/乙醇酸共聚物中包囊或分散。
对鼻部用药,包含GLP-2肽的制备物溶解或悬浮于液体载体中,尤其是水相载体,作为气雾剂应用。载体可以包括添加剂,比如加溶剂,例如聚乙二醇,表面活性剂,吸收增强剂比如卵磷脂(磷脂酰胆碱)或环糊精,或防腐剂比如对羟基苯甲酸酯类。
一般地,本发明的化合物以每单位剂量含0.5-500mg肽以及药学上可接受的载体的单位剂量形式发放。
GLP-2肽预期优先用于食欲抑制或饱满感的诱导,例如与损伤的食欲调节相关的疾病或失调的预防或治疗。这种疾病或失调的例子是肥胖和II型糖尿病。给病人施用的GLP-2肽的剂量将根据治疗病人的类型和病情的严重性变化,但一般地在大约10μg/kg到大约5mg/kg体重的范围内变动。
在本发明的药物组合物中,GLP-2肽可以与另一种食欲抑制或饱满感诱导剂混合。这样的药剂的例子是GLP-1,其表现对食欲抑制有一定影响(参见M.D.Turton等,自然379,4 January 1996,pp.69-72)。
进一步预测,以适当标记形式存在的GLP-2肽,例如放射性标记的GLP-2,可以在用推测表达GLP-2受体的组织,例如下丘脑组织中进行的结合研究中用来鉴定GLP-2受体。一旦通过GLP-2结合定位,受体可以通过表达克隆来克隆,即通过建立该组织的cDNA文库,克隆cDNA到适当的载体中并将载体导入适当的细胞来实施cDNA表达,之后表达受体的克隆通过与GLP-2结合来鉴定。稳定表达受体的细胞系然后可以用来进行GLP-2激动剂(即作用于受体而引起饱满感或食欲抑制的化合物)或GLP-2拮抗物(即拮抗GLP-2对受体的作用,例如在治疗癌症食欲缺乏或神经性厌食症中应用的化合物)的筛选实验。
在以下实施例中,本发明进一步得到说明但这些实施例不以任何方式限制本发明所要求的范围。
实施例1
肿瘤组织的酸乙醇抽提
食欲缺乏肿瘤如以上描述〔Madsen,O,D.等(1993)内分泌学133,2022-2030〕在大鼠中产生。相对于50.07g湿组织的50个食欲缺乏12C3AN(MSL-G-AN)肿瘤(在-80℃)用700ml酸乙醇(96%乙醇/0.7M HCl,3/1,v/v)在4℃匀浆。匀浆在预冷的(4℃)2升Waring商业捣碎机中以最大速度进行5分钟。匀浆后,混合物在4℃搅拌16小时,混合物在9000RPM,4℃下离心1小时。上清的体积通过真空旋转减少到20%。在这个过程中,除去了主要的乙醇,形成了一些沉淀。通过在4℃,20,000RPM离心1小时去除沉淀。将仍然包含一些脂样物质的上清过滤,并上样到LiChroprep RP-18(Merck)柱(2.5×10cm)上,柱用0.1%TFA平衡,流速为2ml/分钟。用100ml0.1%TFA洗柱(流速为4ml/分钟)。结合的物质用400ml包含70%(v/v)乙腈的0.1%的TFA洗脱。乙腈通过真空旋转去除,得到的混合物冻干。将冻干物溶于50ml水中,并用425μl 1N NaOH将pH调节到5.3。进一步滴定混合物到pH6.0,结果导致沉淀的形成。反滴定回pH5.3,沉淀又溶解。以后pH保留在5.3,并将混合物冻干。
从50个肿瘤中得到的冻干物质的总产量是359mg干粉。
实施例2
第一步纯化步骤:在sephadex G-75上凝胶过滤
相对应于38个个体肿瘤的酸乙醇抽提物的冻干物质(278mg)重新溶解于20ml 1M HAc中,上样于sephadex G-75柱(5×50cm)上。柱子用1M HAc以55ml/小时的流速平衡和洗脱,收集每10ml的组分。在280nm时的每个组分的吸光值得到记录。凝胶过滤层析谱在图1中表示。单独的组分合并成以下5个主要组分:G1(组分30-39),G2(组分40-45),G3(组分46-66),G4(组分67-91)和G5(组分92-118),并在冻干后用于生物测定。
实施例3:
第二步纯化步骤:G4收集物的制备HPLC
凝胶过滤收集物的一些食欲抑制活性结果表明,此活性存在于G4收集物中,此收集物通过制备HPLC进一步分离。冻干的G4物质(对应于80个肿瘤)重新溶解于15ml 0.1%TFA中,泵入用0.1%TFA平衡的Vydac 214TP1022 C4柱(2.2×2.5cm)中。柱子用20ml0.1%TFA洗,随后使用100ml MeCN/H2O/TFA(10.0∶89.9∶0.1,v/v/v)洗。物质用从MeCN/H2O/TFA(10∶79.9∶0.1 v/v/v)和MeCN/H2O/TFA(65.0∶34.9∶0.1,v/v/v)形成的线型梯度在25℃以4ml/分钟的流率洗脱超过110分钟。在214nm和280nm下监控紫外吸收。HPLC层析谱(在280nm监测)表示在图2中。对应于10个主要收集物的组分的产生如图2中所表示。
通过真空旋转体积减少到大约25%,组分被冻干并在生物测定中检测。
食欲抑制活性在组分G4H9中发现(实施例6),比组分的肽通过氨基酸序列分析和质谱分析法进行分析(实施例4)。
实施例4
组分G4H9中肽的化学鉴定
氨基酸序列分析使用Applied Biosystems Model 477气相测序仪基本上按制造者所述通过自动Edman降解进行。质谱分析法分析使用API III LC/MS/MS系统(Sciex,Thornhill,Ont.,加拿大)进行操作。三联四级板质谱仪的质荷比(m/z)为2400并装有气动辅助的电喷雾(也称为离子喷雾)控制面。(Bruins,A.P.,Covey,T.R.,&Henion,J.D.(1987)AHal.Chem.59,2642-2646 and Covey,T.R.,Bonner,R.F.,Shushan,B.I.,& Henion,J.D.(1988)Rapid Commun.MassSpectrom.2,249-256)。样品通过注射输入泵(Sage仪器,Cambridge,MA)通过玻璃毛细血管(75mm内径)以0.5-1ml/分钟的液体流动速率上样。仪器的质荷标度用聚丙二醇(PPGS)的单电荷的铵加合离子在单位分辨率下校准。质量测量的准确度一般好于0.02%。组分G4H9:
在这个组分中主要的肽被发现具有以下氨基酸序列:HADGSFSDEMNTILDNLATRDFINWLIQTKITD
通过质谱分析法得到的分子量是:3796。
此肽与大鼠GLP-2(1-33)相同。小量的以下两种肽也被发现:D F P E E V A I A E E L G R R H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A T R D F I NW L I Q T K I T D
和H D E F E R H A E G T F T S D V S S Y L E G Q A A K E F I A W L V K G R
这些肽分别与N端以间隔肽2延伸的大鼠GLP-2和大鼠GLP-1(1-36酰胺)相同。
实施例5
在小鼠中测量食欲抑制的检测方法
小鼠停止它们的正常进食两天,在禁食的第一天给予能自由得到的20%的蔗糖溶液。2天禁食期后,用包含试验物质的0.5ml溶液对小鼠进行腹膜内注射。注射三十分钟后,每个小鼠放入有不锈钢网状地板和伸入盒中的玻璃饮水管的8个15cm2测试盒中的一个。饮水管与含有20%蔗糖溶液的容器相连,饮水管中包含了一个电极,使与溶液接触的饮水能够通过测量流过小鼠的微弱(察觉不到的)电流检测,电流通过连接饮水管电极和不锈钢网状地板的电装置测量。通过在检测期间电子记录与蔗糖溶液的接触总量,在10分钟内的蔗糖溶液消耗量得到测量。由所给试验物质产生的食欲抑制程度通过统计学上比较对照(载体处理的)小鼠和用试验物质处理的小鼠的蔗糖消耗的持续时间来测量。在处理组的小鼠中食欲抑制的程度表达为对照组反应的百分数。
实施例6
检测小鼠中通过包含GLP-2的组分引起的食欲抑制
在用试验物质处理后,小鼠用来检测食欲抑制(见实施例5)。包含根据实施例3(凝胶过滤组分G4)或实施例4(HPLC组分G4H9)制备的厌食胰高血糖素瘤肿瘤抽提物的试验物质溶于磷酸盐缓冲液中。包含来自对应于3.3个肿瘤的凝胶过滤组分G4的冻干物的试验溶液抑制了72%的蔗糖消耗。在G4凝胶过滤组分的10个HPLC亚组分(见实施例4和图2)中,只有含GLP-2组分,G4H9,给出了统计学上明显的食欲抑制,当给予对应5.3个肿瘤的冻干物时,抑制了49%的蔗糖消耗。
实施例7
检测小鼠中用合成的GLP-2引起的食欲抑制
在用包含溶于磷酸盐缓冲液的合成的猪GLP-2的试验物质处理后,如实施例5中所述的检测小鼠的食欲抑制。猪GLP-2具有以下氨基酸序列:HADGSFSDEMNTVLDNLATRDFINWLLHTKITD
用包含50μg合成的猪GLP-2的所测溶液腹膜内注射,抑制了38%的蔗糖消耗。
实施例8
测量小鼠中食欲抑制的检测方法
如实施例5中的方法,但不用20%蔗糖,而是使用婴儿配方牛奶(Complan)溶液。所测底物溶于由含1%白蛋白的磷酸盐缓冲液组成的载体中。溶于载体中的试验物质或者用100μl体积静脉注射(IV)或者用10μl体积脑内静脉注射(ICV)。
实施例9
检测小鼠中用合成的GLP-2引起的食欲抑制
用含有合成的人类GLP-2的试验物质处理后,如实施例8所述的检测小鼠中食欲抑制。人类GLP-2具有以下氨基酸序列:
HADGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITD
包括3μg合成的人类GLP-2的试验溶液的静脉注射抑制了24%的牛奶消耗,同时3μg和10μg合成的人类GLP-2的脑内静脉注射分别抑制了32%和35%的牛奶消耗。
Claims (43)
1.具有以下氨基酸序列的肽:
X1HX2DGSFSDEMNTX3LDX4LAX5X6DFINWLX7X8TKITDX9
其中X1是NH2,DFPEEVAIVEELGRR,DFPEEVTIVEELGRR,DFPEEVNI VEELRRR,
X2是Ala或Gly,
X3是Ile或Val,
X4是Asn,Ser或His,
X5是Ala或Thr,
X6是Arg或Lys,
X7是Ile或Leu,
X8是Gln或His,并且
X9是OH,Lys,Arg,Arg-Lys,Lys-Arg,Arg-Arg或Lys-Lys;
但以下序列除外:
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A A R D F I N W L I Q T K I T D,
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A T R D F I N W L I Q T K I T D,
H A D G S F S D E M N T V L D N L A T R D F I N W L L H T K I T D,
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A A R D F I N W L I Q T K I T D R K,
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A T R D F I N W L I Q T K I T D K K,
H A D G S F S D E M N T V L D N L A T R D F I N W L L H T K I T D R K,
H A D G S F S D E M N T V L D S L A T R D F I N W L L Q T K I T D,
H A D G S F S D E M N T V L D S L A T R D F I N W L L Q T K I T D R K,
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D S L A T R D F I N W L I Q T K I T D,
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D S L A T R D F I N W L I Q T K I T D K K,
H A D G S F S D E M N T V L D H L A T K D F I N W L I Q T K I T D R K,
H A D G S F S D E M N T V L D H L A T K D F I N W L I Q T K I T D,
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A T R D F I N W L I Q T K I T D R K。
2.具有以下氨基酸序列的肽:
X1HX2DGSFSDEMNTX3LDX4LAX5X6DFINWLX7X8TKITDX9
其中X1是NH2,DFPEEVAIVEELGRR,DFPEEVTIVEELGRR,DFPEEVNIVEELRRR,
X2是Gly,
X3是Ile或Val,
X4是Asn,Ser或His,
X5是Ala或Thr,
X6是Arg或Lys,
X7是Ile或Leu,
X8是Gln或His,并且
X9是OH,Lys,Arg,Arg-Lys,Lys-Arg,Arg-Arg或Lys-Lys。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的肽,其中X1是NH2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的肽,其中X2是Ala。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的肽,其中X3是Ile。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的肽,其中X4是Asn。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的肽,其中X5是Ala。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的肽,其中X6是Arg。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的肽,其中X7是Ile。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的肽,其中X8是Gln。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的肽,其中X9是OH。
12.一种药物组合物,其包含具有以下氨基酸序列的肽:
X1HX2DGSFSDEMNTX3LDX4LAX5X6DFINWLX7X8TKITDX9
其中X1是NH2,DFPEEVAIVEELGRR,DFPEEVTIVEELGRR,DFPEEVNIVEELRRR,
X2是Ala或Gly,
X3是Ile或Val,
X4是Asn,Ser或Hi s,
X5是Ala或Thr,
X6是Arg或Lys,
X7是Ile或Leu,
X8是Gln或His,并且
X9是OH,Lys,Arg,Arg-Lys,Lys-Arg,Arg-Arg或Lys-Lys;
以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
13.根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中X1是NH2。
14.根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中X2是Ala。
15.根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中X2是Gly。
16.根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中X3是Ile。
17.根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中X4是Asn。
18.根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中X5是Ala。
19.根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中X6是Arg。
20.根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中X7是Ile。
21.根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中X8是Gln。
22.根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中X9是OH。
23.根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物,所述肽具有如下序列:
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A A R D F I N W L I Q T K I T D,
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A T R D F I N W L I Q T K I T D,或
H A D G S F S D E M N T V L D N L A T R D F I N W L L H T K I T D。
24.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求12-23任一项所述的肽以及另一种食欲抑制或饱满感诱导剂。
25.根据权利要求24所述的组合物,其中所说的其他食欲抑制或饱满感诱导剂是胰高血糖素样肽-1。
26.根据权利要求1 2-25任一项所述的组合物,其中所述肽的量在从10μg/kg体重到5mg/kg体重的范围内。
27.具有以下氨基酸序列的肽
X1HX2DGSFSDEMNTX3LDX4LAX5X6DFINWLX7X8TKITDX9
其中X1是NH2,DFPEEVAIVEELGRR,DFPEEVTIVEELGRR,DFPEEVNIVEELRRR,
X2是Ala或Gly,
X3是Ile或Val,
X4是Asn,Ser或Hi s,
X5是Ala或Thr,
X6是Arg或Lys,
X7是Ile或Leu,
X8是Gln或His,并且
X9是OH,Lys,Arg,Arg-Lys,Lys-Arg,Arg-Arg或Lys-Lys;
在制备药物组合物中的用途。
28.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中X1是NH2。
29.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中X2是Ala。
30.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中X2是Gly。
31.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中X3是Ile。
32.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中X4是Asn。
33.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中X5是Ala。
34.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中X6是Arg。
35.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中X7是Ile。
36.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中X8是Gln。
37.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中X9是OH。
38.根据权利要求27所述的用途,所述肽具有如下序列:
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A A R D F I N W L I Q T K I T D,
H A D G S F S D E M N T I L D N L A T R D F I N W L I Q T K I T D,或
H A D G S F S D E M N T V L D N L A T R D F I N W L L H T K I T D。
39.根据权利要求27-38中任何一项所述的肽在制备用于预防或治疗与损伤的食欲调节相关的疾病或失调的药物组合物中的应用。
40.根据权利要求27-38中任何一项所述的肽在制备用于肥胖或II型糖尿病的预防或治疗的药物组合物中的应用。
41.通过酸乙醇抽提、凝胶过滤和制备性HPLC而制备的胰高血糖素瘤肿瘤提取物的HPLC级分或所述级分的任何单一成分或所述级分的两或多种成分的组合在制备药物组合物中的用途,所述级分在图2中显示为级分G4H9,包含GLP-2作为主要成分。
42.权利要求41中定义的HPLC级分的用途,其用于制备可用于治疗或预防与损伤的食欲调节相关的疾病或失调的药物组合物。
43.权利要求41中定义的HPLC级分的用途,其用于制备可用于治疗或预防肥胖或II型糖尿病的药物组合物。
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