CN1109547C - 含有噻吩并吡啶衍生物和HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的抗血栓形成和抗动脉粥样硬化的药物组合 - Google Patents
含有噻吩并吡啶衍生物和HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的抗血栓形成和抗动脉粥样硬化的药物组合 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种药物组合物,其中含有(a)式(I)的噻吩并吡啶衍生物或其药用盐之一,其中R是H或(C1-C4)烷氧羰基;以及(b)一种HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及含有噻吩并吡啶衍生物和HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂联合作为活性成分的药物组合物。
更具体地讲,本发明的主题是含(a)下式的噻吩并吡啶衍生物或其药用盐之一:
其中R是H或(C1-C4)烷氧羰基;以及(b)一种HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的药物组合物。
背景技术:
式(I)的噻吩并吡啶衍生物是已知的血小板凝聚的有效抑制剂,它与其它血小板凝聚抑制剂的作用机理不同。
这些化合物,特别是5-(2-氯苄基)-4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶,式(I)中的R=H,下文中以其国际非标准命名(INN)称为“噻氯匹定”,以其盐酸盐形式使用;(+)-[(S)-α-(2-氯苯基)-4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-5-基乙酸甲酯],式(I)中R=甲氧羰基,下文中以其国际非标准命名称为“氯吡格雷”,以其硫酸氢盐的形式使用,它们都是令人注目的抗血栓形成剂(Gent等.,Lancet,1989,8649,1215-1220;J-M.Herbert等,心血管药物综述(Cardiovasc.Drug Rev.),1993,11,180-188)。
发明内容:
现已发现,通过式(I)的噻吩并吡啶衍生物和一种HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂联合用药,观察到这两种成分的抗动脉粥样硬化能力加强,特别是对兔动脉平滑肌细胞增殖,这两种活性成分具有加和和/或协同作用。
还发现式(I)噻吩并吡啶衍生物和一种HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的联合用药提供了这两种活性成分在动脉血栓形成动物模型中的加强和/或协同活性,可预计其具有临床抗血栓形成活性,可用于预防或治疗。
因此,按照本发明,治疗有效量的式(I)的噻吩并吡啶衍生物或其药用盐之一[组分(a)],与治疗有效量的一种HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂[组分(b)]联合制备药物组合物,该组合物用于治疗或预防动脉粥样硬化、血管成形术后再狭窄或由其导致的血栓形成并发征。
含式(I)的噻吩并吡啶和一种HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂联合形式的剂量单位中,组分(a)的治疗有效量可以为10至250mg(以游离碱或盐的形式计算),而成分(b)的治疗有效量为2至50mg。
按照本发明,式(I)的噻吩并吡啶衍生物优选选自噻氯匹定及其药用盐,特别是噻氯匹定盐酸盐,以及氯吡格雷及其药用盐,特别是氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐。
当剂量单位中的组分(a)是噻氯匹定盐酸盐时,此活性成分在剂量单位中的量可有利地在100至250mg之间变化,所述活性成分的量优选为150、175、200、225或250mg每剂量单位。
当剂量单位中的组分(a)是氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐时,此活性成分在剂量单位中的量可有利地在10至75mg(以游离碱计算)之间变化,所述活性成分的量优选为25、35、50、65或75mg游离碱每剂量单位。
按照本发明,HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂选自以下化合物是有利的:
其中R1和R2是羟基或者一起形成氧原子,R3是(C1-C10)烷基、(C3-C10)环烷基、(C2-C10)链烯基、苯基或苯基(C1-C3)烷基而R4是氢原子或甲基或羟基;
(ii)其中R1和R2为羟基的式(II)化合物的药用盐;
其中
其中Q4是氢原子、氯原子或氟原子或(C1-C4)烷基、(C1-C4)烷氧基(但不是叔丁氧基)、三氟甲基、苯氧基或苄氧基,Q5是氢原子、氯原子或氟原子或苯氧基或苄氧基,Q5a是氢原子、氯原子或氟原子或甲基、乙基、甲氧基或乙氧基;
而R0和R′中的另一个取代基是伯或仲(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、苄基、2-苯乙基或3-苯丙基;
——Q2是氢原子、氟原子、氯原子或(C1-C4)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C4)烷氧基(不是叔丁氧基)、三氟甲基、苯氧基或苄氧基;
——Q3是氢原子、氟原子、氯原子或(C1-C3)烷基、(C1-C3)烷氧基、苯氧基或苄氧基;
——X是亚甲基、亚乙基或1,3-亚丙基;
——Q6是氢原子或(C1-C3)烷基;
其限制条件是:
(1)当R4是氢原子时Q5和Q5a是氢原子,
(2)当Q5是氢原子时Q5a是氢原子,
(3)Q4和Q3不同时为三氟甲基、苯氧基或苄氧基,
(4)当Q2是氢原子时Q3是氢原子,
(5)Q2和Q3不同时为三氟甲基、苯氧基或苄氧基;
(iv)式(III)化合物的药用酯,
(v)式(III)化合物的药用盐,
(vi)式(III)化合物的δ-内酯,
(vii)式(IV)的四唑衍生物
其中
——Q1和Q1′为氢原子、卤原子或(C1-C4)烷基、(C1-C4)烷氧基或三氟甲基;
——Q7、Q7′、Q8和Q8′为氢原子、卤原子或(C1-C4)烷基或(C1-C4)烷氧基;
——Q9为氢原子或(C1-C4)烷基、(C1-C4)烷氧基烷基或(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲基;
(viii)式(IV)化合物的药用盐,
(ix)式(IV)化合物的δ-内酯,
(xi)式(V)化合物的药用盐,
(xii)式(V)化合物的δ-内酯,
(xiii)式(VI)的吡咯衍生物
(xiv)式(VI)化合物的药用盐,
(xv)式(VI)化合物的δ内酯。
式(II)至(VI)的化合物具有至少两个手性碳原子,式(II)至(V)化合物还可能存在顺式或反式形式。组分(b)可选自式(II)至(VI)化合物的异构体或其混和物。
化和物(II)至(VI)在文献中已有描述。具体地讲,式(III)的吲哚衍生物描述于WO 84/02131,式(IV)的四唑衍生物描述于EP 658550,式(V)的吡啶衍生物描述于DE 4040026而式(VI)的吡咯衍生物描述于EP409281。
R4为氢原子或甲基的式(II)的萘化合物描述于EP 33538,或可按照该文献中描述的方法制备,通过半合成,或一些情况下通过全合成,例如美伐他汀的合成(美国化学会会志)(J.Am.Chem.Soc.),1981,6538;出处同上,1982,4251)或洛伐他汀的合成(四面体通讯(Tetrahedeon Letters.)1983,24,1811)。西伐他停也描述于EP 33538。
R4为羟基的式(II)的萘化合物描述于GB 2077264。在这些化合物中,以钠盐形式使用的普伐他汀是特别有利的组分(b)。
在式(III)的吲哚中,R0是4-氟苯基、R′是异丙基、X是亚乙基而Q2、Q3和Q6为氢原子的化合物,其外消旋体或旋光活性(E)形式,及其药用盐,是本发明药物组合物的特别有利的组分(b)。
在式(IV)的四唑衍生物中,Q1和Q1′都是氟原子,Q7、Q7′、Q8和Q8′为氢原子而Q9是甲基的化合物,其外消旋体或旋光活性(E)形式,优选(βR),(δS),及其药用盐,特别是与氨基酸的盐,也是本发明药物组合物的特别有利的组分(b)。
式(V)的吡啶衍生物,其外消旋体或旋光活性(E)形式,优选(βR),(δS),或cerivastatin及其药用盐,也是本发明药物组合物的特别有利的组分(b)。
式(VI)的吡咯衍生物的δ-内酯,称为atorvastatin,为本发明药物组合物的有利的组分(b)。
按照对本发明有利的方面,本发明的组合物含有噻氯匹定盐酸盐作为组分(a)和西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐作为组分(b)。优选该组合物含100至250mg的噻氯匹定盐酸盐和10至40mg的西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐。
按照对本发明另一有利的方面,本发明的组合物含有氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐作为组分(a)和西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐作为组分(b)。优选该组合物含有10至75mg(以游离碱形式计算)氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和10至40mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐。
对本发明的活性成分的联合形式进行了药理学研究。
对兔颈动脉去内皮后出现的组成性血管壁肌细胞的增殖进行实验。简言之,用合成饲料喂养重2.5至3kg的新西兰兔,该饲料中含有2%胆固醇和6%花生油。用氯吡格雷(5mg/kg/天)通过口服途径处理动物。同时给动物口服西伐他停(5mg/kg/天)。内皮损伤2天前使用这些化合物并每天用药连续2周。按照已述方法(Fishman等,Lab.Invest.,1975,32,339-347;Herbert等,1993,13,1171-1179)通过风干引起兔颈动脉的肌内膜增殖。用戊巴比妥钠(30mg/kg,静脉内给药)静脉麻醉动物并将左颈动脉分离。将皮下注射器(27号)插入动脉的近端及远端。将这样分离的动脉部分中的血液排出并用生理血清洗涤,通过通入干燥空气流(240ml/分钟,5分钟)引起内皮损伤。然后抽出针头,重建血循环并缝合伤口。损伤14天后,将动物麻醉(戊巴比妥钠,30mg/kg,静脉内给药)。分离动脉段,用生理血清冲洗并在10%甲醛溶液中孵育18小时。然后在乙醇中将动脉段脱水,浸于石蜡中,用切片机切片并用苏木精-曙红染色。通过成象分析(Biocom Imagenia 5000,法国里昂)对中层和内膜表面进行定量分析。
表1结果表明氯吡格雷和西伐他停(5mg/kg/天)每天给兔口服给药抑制了空气流处理内皮发生损伤后的组成性平滑肌细胞增殖。
在所有情况下,氯吡格雷和西伐他停的联合给药对平滑肌细胞增殖产生了显著的协同作用。即当这些产物以联合形式给药时,得到的抗增殖作用总比两个实验产物分别给药的简单加和作用大。
表1
产物单独或以联合形式对血管内皮损伤后组成性肌内膜增殖的作用
产物 | 剂量 | 肌内膜增殖的抑制(%) |
氯吡格雷 | 5mg/kg/天 | 31±4% |
西伐他停 | 5mg/kg/天 | 48±7% |
氯吡格雷+西伐他停 | 5+5mg/kg/天 | 92±9% |
表中数值为平均值±标准误差(n=10)。
此外,通过兔颈动脉和颈静脉之间植入的动静脉短路中的丝线上血栓的形成实验显示本发明联合形式的抗血栓形成作用,如Umetsu等(Thromb.Haemostas.,1978,39,74-83)所描述的方法。处理重2.5至3kg的新西兰兔。通过皮下使用戊巴比妥钠(30mg/kg)麻醉这些动物。将两个长12cm(内径0.6mm;外径0.9mm)的聚乙烯管通过长6cm(内径0.9mm)其中含5cm长丝线的管在中间连接。将它们置于右颈动脉和左颈静脉之间。将此短路的中间部分放置到位,短路中的血循环20分钟后抽出。然后,确定丝线上存在血栓的重量。
与检测通过空气流造成的损伤后平滑肌细胞增殖作用的情况中的结果相同,氯吡格雷的抗血栓活性通过与西伐他停联合得到加强。在这些情况下,与平滑肌细胞增殖的结果相同,观察到显著的协同作用。结果见表2。
表2
产物单独或以联合形式对兔动静脉短路中植入的丝线上动脉血栓形成的作用
产物 | 剂量 | 血栓形成的抑制(%) |
西伐他停 | 5mg/kg/天 | 15±4% |
氯吡格雷 | 5mg/kg/天 | 34±4% |
氯吡格雷+西伐他停 | 5+5mg/kg/天 | 72±5% |
表中数值为平均值±标准误差(n=5)。
将噻吩并吡啶和HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的联合形式与常规药物赋形剂混合配制为药物组合物,该组合物可口服或非肠道使用,特别是口服。
所述药物组合物也是本发明的主题,该组合物优选为含有上述预定量的活性成分的剂量单位。口服给药的单剂量形式包括片剂、明胶胶囊、粉剂、颗粒剂和微囊。
当将固体组合物制成片剂时,主要活性成分与药物载体如明胶、淀粉、乳糖、硬脂酸镁、滑石、阿拉伯胶等混和。片剂可用蔗糖或其它适宜材料包衣,或可制成缓释或延迟释放形式并连续释放预定量的活性组分。
将活性成分与稀释剂混和并将此混和物装入软或硬明胶胶囊中得到明胶胶囊制剂。
该活性成分还可任选地与一种或多种载体或添加剂一起配制为微囊形式。
联合的活性成分还可与环糊精如α、β或γ-环糊精、2-羟丙基-β-环糊精或甲基-β-环糊精一起以复合物的形式存在。
对于制备本发明药物组合物的活性成分联合形式的配制、联合形式中成分(a)和(b)的特性应予以考虑。成分(a),即噻吩并吡啶,优选以与药用酸形成的加成盐的形式使用。例如,优选的成分(a)为噻氯匹定盐酸盐和氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐,它们是酸性化合物。
与药用酸形成的加成盐形式的噻吩并吡啶与HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂并不是化学不相容的。但是,后者中一些以碱金属盐的形式使用,例如普伐他汀钠盐。因此,优选按照文献中熟知的技术将化学成分保持分离状态。
因此,含噻吩并吡啶和HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂联合形式的药物剂型可以以,例如,透明或不透明的明胶胶囊的形式存在,该胶囊中含有两个片剂,其中一个含有噻吩并吡啶而另一个含有HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂。这种形式具有在通常使用的药物剂型中两种活性成分组成联合形式的优点,每个片剂可用膜包衣,这使两种活性成分立即释放或在不同时间内编程释放。
另一种形式可设计为含微囊混和物的胶囊,这些微囊中一些含有噻吩并吡啶而另一些含有HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂,所述微囊可用膜包衣,使活性成分立即释放或编程释放。
含本发明联合形式的药物剂型可以是双层或三层片剂,特别是通过将产物进行一次以上压制制备的片剂。这些剂型可以是双层片剂,层与层中间是分离的,例如,被膜分离,或者一种片剂包在另一种片剂内,如果合适,这两部分着不同颜色。
本发明联合形式的另一种药物剂型可为双层明胶胶囊,由内明胶胶囊和外明胶胶囊组成,其中内明胶胶囊中含有一种或两种组分,外明胶胶囊中含有第一个胶囊及其它组分。在这种情况下,优选内胶囊含有HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂而外胶囊含有噻吩并吡啶。这类药物剂型描述于US5310555。
对于本发明的联合形式,本发明的药物剂型优选含有250mg噻氯匹定盐酸盐和20mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;250mg噻氯匹定盐酸盐和15mg西伐他停或15mg普伐他汀钠盐;200mg噻氯匹定盐酸盐和15mg西伐他停或15mg普伐他汀钠盐;175mg噻氯匹定盐酸盐和20mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;175mg噻氯匹定盐酸盐和15mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;250mg噻氯匹定盐酸盐和10mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;200mg噻氯匹定盐酸盐和10mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;175mg噻氯匹定盐酸盐和10mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐。含250g噻氯匹定盐酸盐和20mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐的联合形式还可用于急性治疗。
按照本发明的另一联合形式,药物剂型优选含有87.5mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和20mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;81.25mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和20mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;87.5mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和15mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;81.25mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和15mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;62.5mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和20mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;62.5mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和15mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;93.75mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和10mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;87.5mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和10mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;81.25mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和10mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐;62.5mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和10mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐。含87.5mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和20mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐的联合形式还可用于急性治疗。
本发明的药物组合物特别适于治疗如下病理状态,例如,心血管和脑血管系统紊乱,如与动脉粥样硬化或糖尿病有关的血栓形成疾病,例如不稳定心绞痛,中风,动脉血管成形术、动脉内膜切除术或金属血管内修补术后的再狭窄,与血栓溶解后的血栓再形成、梗阻、局部缺血性痴呆、外周动脉疾病、血透析、心房纤维性颤动、或者使用人造血管或冠状动脉桥、或稳定或不稳定心绞痛有关的血栓形成疾病。
具体实施方式:
实施例1
噻氯匹定/西伐他停联合形式
(200mg/20mg)
1.双层片剂
第一层噻氯匹定(盐酸盐) 200.00mg微晶纤维素 69.88mg改性玉米淀粉 31.20mg聚维酮 6.24mg枸橼酸 3.12mg硬脂酸 0.78mg硬脂酸镁 0.78mg
第二层西伐他停 20.00mg丁基化羟基茴香醚 0.04mg抗坏血酸 5.00mg枸橼酸 2.50mg微晶纤维素 10.00mg预凝胶化的玉米淀粉 20.00mg乳糖 141.50mg硬脂酸镁 1.00mg甲基羟丙基纤维素 1.65mg羟丙基纤维素 1.65mg二氧化钛 1.50mg滑石 0.60mg黄色氧化铁 0.092mg红色氧化铁 0.023mg
2.方法
·通过湿法制粒制备噻氯匹定颗粒。
·通过湿法制粒制备西伐他停颗粒。
·将这两种颗粒在一定压力下压制,制备双层片剂。
实施例2
氯吡格雷/西伐他停联合形式
(50mg/10mg)
1.双层片剂
第一层氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐 65.00mg(即50mg碱)无水乳糖 72.20mg改性玉米淀粉 7.00mgMacrogel 6000 5.00mg微晶纤维素 8.60mg氢化蓖麻油 2.20mg
第二层西伐他停 10.00mg丁基化羟基茴香醚 0.02mg抗坏血酸 2.50mg枸橼酸 1.75mg微晶纤维素 5.00mg预凝胶化的玉米淀粉 10.00mg乳糖 70.75mg硬脂酸镁 0.50mg甲基羟丙基纤维素 0.825mg羟丙基纤维素 0.825mg二氧化钛 0.75mg滑石 0.30mg黄色氧化铁 0.046mg红色氧化铁 0.0115mg
2.方法
·通过干法制粒(压紧)制备氯吡格雷颗粒。
·通过湿法制粒制备西伐他停颗粒。
·将这两种颗粒在一定压力下压制,制备双层片剂。
Claims (12)
2.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中组分(a)的剂量为10至250mg活性成分而组分(b)的剂量为2至50mg活性成分。
3.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中噻吩并吡啶衍生物为噻氯匹定盐酸盐。
4.权利要求3所述的组合物,其中噻氯匹定盐酸盐在剂量单位中的含量为100至250mg。
5.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中噻吩并吡啶衍生物是氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐。
6.权利要求5所述的组合物,其中硫酸氢盐在剂量单位中的含量以游离碱计算为10至75mg。
7.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂选自西伐他停、普伐他汀钠盐。
8.权利要求2所述的组合物,其中组分(a)为噻氯匹定盐酸盐而组分(b)选自西伐他停和普伐他汀钠盐。
9.权利要求8所述的组合物,其中含有100至250mg噻氯匹定盐酸盐和10至40mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐。
10.权利要求2所述的组合物,其中组分(a)为氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐。
11.权利要求10所述的组合物,其中含有以游离碱计算10至75mg氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐和10至40mg西伐他停或普伐他汀钠盐。
12.根据权利要求1的组合物在制备抗血栓形成或抗动脉粥样硬化的药物方面的用途。
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JP5844028B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-04 | 2016-01-13 | ケージー アクキュイシチオン エルエルシー | 抗血小板薬及び酸阻害薬を含む経口剤形 |
EP1931682A2 (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2008-06-18 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Process for preparing clopidogrel bisulphate |
WO2008060934A2 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-22 | Acusphere, Inc. | Formulations of tetrahydropyridine antiplatelet agents for parenteral or oral administration |
BRPI0810168A2 (pt) * | 2007-04-09 | 2014-12-30 | Usv Ltd | Composições farmacêuticas de bissulfato de clopidogrel e processos de preparação das mesmas |
EP2148655B1 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2013-02-27 | Wockhardt Limited | Pharmaceutical compositions of clopidogrel |
KR20150041173A (ko) * | 2007-04-27 | 2015-04-15 | 사이덱스 파마슈티칼스, 인크. | 클로피도그렐 및 설포알킬 에테르 사이클로덱스트린을 함유하는 제형 및 사용 방법 |
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Patent Citations (1)
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WO1995013063A1 (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 1995-05-18 | Merck & Co., Inc. | HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS IN THE NORMALIZATION OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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FIBRINOLYSIS VOL.7,NO.1,1993 1992-02-04 a.bernat et al "potentiating effects of anticoagulants and antiplatelets on streptokinase-induced th * |
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