CN110691821A - 热塑组合物、方法、装置和用途 - Google Patents
热塑组合物、方法、装置和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110691821A CN110691821A CN201880028234.3A CN201880028234A CN110691821A CN 110691821 A CN110691821 A CN 110691821A CN 201880028234 A CN201880028234 A CN 201880028234A CN 110691821 A CN110691821 A CN 110691821A
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- thermoplastic polyurethane
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Abstract
公开了热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)组合物、用于生产TPU组合物的方法、使用TPU组合物的方法以及由其生产的装置。所公开的TPU组合物包括热塑性聚氨酯聚合物、热稳定剂、助流剂和填充材料。填料可以是玻璃纤维。所公开的TPU组合物具有改进的热稳定性和改进的流动性,适用于具有大量细小开口或孔的制品的注塑成型。由该组合物生产的制品具有优异的热稳定性、耐磨性和耐化学性。示例性的制品包括用于振动筛分机的筛分构件。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年4月28日提交申请号为62/492,054的美国临时专利申请和2017年5月2日提交的申请号为62/500,262美国临时专利申请的权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文,并且在此要求它们的优先权。
附图概述
图1是根据一个实施方案的筛分元件的等轴测俯视图。
图1A是图1所示的根据一个实施方案的筛分元件的俯视图。
图1B是图1所示的根据一个实施方案的筛分元件的底部等轴测视图。
图1C是图1所示的根据一个实施方案的筛分元件的仰视图。
图2是图1所示的根据一个实施方案的筛分元件的断裂部分的放大俯视图。
图3是根据一个实施方案的端部次网格的等轴测视图,其显示在附接到端部次网格之前的筛分元件。
图3A是图3所示的根据一个实施方案的端部次网格的分解等轴测视图,其具有附接到其上的筛分元件。
图4示出了根据一个实施方案的示例性筛分组件,该筛分组件由下面参考图1至图3A所述的筛分构件和次网格结构产生。
图5示出了根据一个实施方案的筛分组件的实际现场测试的结果。
具体实施方式
本公开大体上涉及热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的组合物、装置、方法和用途。公开的实施方案TPU组合物可用于注塑成型工艺中,以产生用于振动筛分机的筛分构件。振动筛分机提供了激励已安装的筛子的能力,从而可以以期望的水平来分离筛子上放置的物料。过大的物料与过小的物料分开。所公开的组合物和筛分构件可用于与石油工业、气/油分离、采矿、水净化以及其它相关工业应用有关的技术领域。
公开的实施方案提供了满足严格要求的筛分构件,所述要求例如:大约43μm至大约100μm的细小开口,其有效地筛分相似尺寸的颗粒;大约几平方英尺的大面积筛子,其具有大约30%至35%的大开放式筛分面积;热稳定且机械稳定的筛子,其在操作过程中可以承受严酷的条件,例如压缩载荷(例如,施加在筛分构件边缘的1,500lbs.至3,000lbs.的力以及高达10G的振动加速度)和高温物料载荷(例如,37℃至94℃),同时重量载荷很大且要筛分的物料化学和磨蚀条件严格。
公开的实施方案材料和方法提供了一种混合方法,其中使用公开的TPU材料对小筛分元件进行微模塑,以可靠地产生大约43μm至大约100μm的精细特征,从而获得具有大开放式筛分面积的筛分元件。如下面更详细地讨论的,所公开的TPU材料包括具有如下特征的实施方案:优化量的填料、热稳定剂和助流剂作为适当的热塑性聚氨酯的添加剂。这些添加剂进而允许使小筛分元件与次网格结构牢固地连接(例如经由激光焊接),以提供可承受上述大机械载荷和加速度的机械稳定性。例如,玻璃纤维可以用作填充材料,其使TPU材料增强,进而使得筛分元件与次网格结构以增强的结构稳定性牢固地连接。但是,考虑到玻璃的折射性质给激光系统带来了障碍,因此添加大量的玻璃纤维可导致激光焊接难度的增加。任何量的添加剂也必然会稀释热塑性聚氨酯(thermoplastic urethane)。类似地,应添加最小但有效量的热稳定剂,其中添加剂的量应足以允许端部结构承受如上所述的高温材料的添加。
如以下更详细地讨论的,所公开的TPU组合物中的添加剂的量也可以基于筛分元件表面元件的期望厚度T而变化,如在美国专利申请第15/965,195号和62/648,771号中所详细讨论的,所述专利申请通过引用并入本文。例如,如在美国专利申请第15/965,195号的[00366]至[00373]段以及相应的表1至表4中所讨论的,可以改变筛分元件表面元件的厚度T,以力图使整个筛分组件上的开放面积的百分比最大化,这在使用时助于提高筛分组件的效率。
然后,可以将多个这些优化的次网格结构组装成具有大表面积(大约几平方英尺)的筛分结构。基于公开的TPU组合物的筛分组件可以,例如以美国专利申请第15/965,195和62/648,771号中描述的方式使用。例如,如美国专利申请第15/965,195号的说明书第[0017]至[0021]段中所概述的,基于公开的TPU组合物的网格框架,在固定到振动筛分机时,可以在其所经受的大量振动负载载荷下提供抵抗损坏或变形的期望耐久性。在组装形成完整的筛分组件时,次网格牢固到不仅足以承受将筛分组件固定到振动筛分机所要求的力,而且还足以承受振动载荷中可能出现的极端条件。如在美国专利申请第15/965,195号的说明书的第[00280]至[00282]段中详细讨论的,将筛分元件固定至次网格的优选方法可包括激光焊接布置在次网格上的熔接棒。因此,所公开的TPU组合物可用于制造所引用的振动筛分装置,该装置能够承受本文和美国专利申请第15/965,195号中讨论的极端条件。
基于公开的TPU组合物的筛分组件也可以被配置成安装在美国专利第7,578,394;5,332,101;6,669,027;6,431,366;和6,820,748号中所述的振动筛分机上。这样的筛分组件可以包括:侧部或活页夹条(binder bar),包括U形构件,其被配置成接收悬置式张紧构件,如在美国专利第5,332,101号中所述的;侧部或活页夹条,包括手指接收孔,其被配置成接收隐藏(under mount)式张紧构件,如美国专利第6,669,027号中所述的;用于压缩载荷的侧面构件或活页夹条,如美国专利第7,578,394号中所述的;或可以被配置成附接和加载到多层机器上,例如在美国专利第6,431,366号中描述的机器。
基于公开的TPU组合物的筛分组件和/或筛分元件也可以被配置为包括美国专利8,443,984中描述的特征,包括其中描述的引导组件技术和其中描述的预制板技术。更进一步地,基于公开的TPU组合物的筛分组件和筛分元件可以被配置为结合到预筛分技术中,与美国专利第7,578,394;5,332,101;4,882,054;4,857,176;6,669,027;7,228,971;6,431,366;6,820,748;8,443,984;和8,439,203号中所述的安装结构和筛分结构兼容。这些专利文献中的每一个的公开内容、它们相关的专利族和申请、以及这些文献中引用的专利和专利申请,均通过引用以其整体明确地并入本文。
示例性筛分实施方案
由热固性和热塑性聚合物制成的筛分构件在上述参考专利文献(即,美国临时专利申请序列第61/652,039和61/714,882号;美国专利申请第13/800,826号;美国专利第9,409,209号;美国专利第9,884,344号;和美国专利申请第15/851,099号)中描述,其公开内容通过引用以其整体并入本文。
图1至图3A示出了使用公开的TPU组合物通过注塑成型工艺产生的示例性实施方案筛分构件。图1至图1C示出了具有基本平行的筛分元件端部20和基本平行的筛分元件侧部22(其基本垂直于筛分元件端部20)的实施方案筛分元件416。筛分元件416可包括多个锥形沉孔470,其可以有助于从模具中取出筛分元件416,如在上述专利文献中更详细地描述的。筛分元件416可进一步包括定位孔424,其可位于筛分元件416的中心以及筛分元件416的四个角中的每个角中。定位孔424可用于将筛分元件416附接到次网格结构,如在下面参考图3和图3A更详细地描述的。
如图1和1A所示,筛分元件416具有筛分表面13,筛分表面13包括平行于筛分元件端部20并形成筛分开口86的固体表面元件84(如图2的近视图所示),如下文更详细描述的。
图1B和1C示出了筛分元件416的仰视图,筛分元件416具有在端部20之间延伸并且基本上垂直于端部20的第一筛分元件支撑构件28。图1B还示出了垂直于第一筛分元件支撑构件28的第二筛分元件支撑构件30,其在侧缘部22之间延伸,大致平行于端部20并且基本上垂直于侧部22。筛分元件可以进一步包括基本平行于侧缘部22的第一系列加强构件32和基本平行于端部20的第二系列加强构件34。端部20、侧缘部22、第一筛分元件支撑构件28、第二筛分元件支撑构件30、第一系列加强构件32和第二系列加强构件34,在各种载荷(包括压缩力的分布和/或振动载荷条件)期间,在结构上稳定筛分表面元件84和筛分开口86。
如图1B和1C所示,筛分元件416可以包括一个或多个附着排列472,其可以包括多个延伸、腔或延伸和腔的组合。在该实例中,附着排列472是多个腔穴。附着排列472被配置为与次网格结构的互补性附着排列匹配。例如,次网格结构414(在图3和3A中示出)具有多个熔接棒476和478,其与筛分元件416的腔穴472配合,如下面参考图3和3A更详细地描述的。
如图2所示,筛分开口86可以是由表面元件84(其具有厚度T)隔开的、具有长度L和宽度W的细长槽。厚度T可以根据筛分应用和筛分开口86的结构而变化。根据期望的开放式筛分面积和筛分开口86的宽度W,厚度T可以选择为大约0.003英寸至大约0.020英寸(即,大约76μm至大约508μm)。在示例性实施方案中,表面元件的厚度T可以为0.015英寸(即381μm)。然而,所公开的TPU组合物的性质允许形成更薄的表面元件,例如厚度T为0.007英寸(即177.8μm)的表面元件。表面元件的厚度T越小,筛分元件的筛分面积则越大。例如,0.014英寸的厚度T将提供大约10-15%开口的筛分元件,而0.003英寸的厚度T将提供大约30-35%开口的筛分元件,从而增加开放式筛分面积。
如上所述,筛分开口86具有宽度W。在示例性实施方案中,每个筛分表面元件84的内表面之间的宽度W可以为大约38μm至大约150μm(即,大约0.0015至大约0.0059英寸)。开口的长宽比可以为1:1(即,对应于圆形孔)至120:1(即,长的狭槽)。在示例性实施方案中,开口可以优选是矩形的,并且可以具有大约20:1(例如,长度860μm;宽度43μm)至大约30:1(即,长度大约1290μm;宽度大约43μm)的长宽比。筛分开口不要求是矩形的,但是可以被热塑性注塑成型以包括适合于特定筛分应用的任何形状,包括近似正方形、圆形和/或椭圆形。
如以下更详细地描述的,为了增加稳定性,筛分表面元件84可以包括可基本上平行于端部20的整体纤维材料(例如,玻璃纤维)。筛分元件416可以是单个热塑性注塑成型件。筛分元件416还可以包括多个热塑性注塑成型件,其每一个均被配置成跨越一个或多个网格开口。如在上文引用的专利文献中更详细地描述的,利用如下所述的附接到网格框架的小的热塑性注塑成型的筛分元件416提供了相对于现有筛分组件的实质性优点。
图3和3A示出了根据一个实施方案将筛分元件416附接到端部次网格单元414的过程。筛分元件416可以通过(次网格414的)细长的附接构件444与端部次网格单元414对齐,所述细长的附接构件444与筛分元件416下侧上的定位孔424接合(例如,参见图1至图1C)。在这一方面,次网格414的细长的附接构件444进入到筛分元件416的筛分元件定位孔424中。然后,可将端部次网格414的细长的附接构件444熔融以填充筛分元件附接孔424的锥形孔,从而将筛分元件416固定到次网格单元414。通过细长的附接构件444和筛分元件定位孔424进行附接只是将筛分构件416附接到次网格414的一种方法。
可选地,可以使用粘合剂、紧固件和紧固件孔、激光焊接等将筛分元件416固定到端部次网格单元414。如上所述,次网格414的熔接棒476和478(例如,参见图3和图3A),可被配置成安装到筛分元件416的腔穴472中(例如,参见图1至图3C)。在施加热(例如,通过激光焊接等)时,熔接棒476和478可以熔融,从而在冷却后在筛分元件416和次网格414之间形成搭接(bond)。
将筛分元件416布置在也可以是热塑性注塑成型的次网格(例如,次网格414)上,有助于容易地构造具有非常精细的筛分开口的完整筛分组件。将筛分元件416布置在次网格上还允许筛分组件10的整体尺寸和/或结构的实质变化,其可以通过包括更多或更少的次网格或具有不同形状的次网格等来改变。此外,仅仅通过将具有不同尺寸筛分开口的筛分元件416结合到次网格中并将次网格连接以形成期望的构型,就可以构造具有各种筛分开口尺寸或筛分开口尺寸梯度的筛分组件。
上面参考图1至图3描述并且在上面的参考专利文献中公开的筛子具有适合用作筛分构件的小的筛分开口。所公开的TPU组合物还允许这些筛子在以下关键领域中的每一个中有效地发挥作用:结构稳定性和耐久性;承受压缩型载荷的能力;承受高温的能力;延长的商品寿命,尽管有潜在的磨损、切割或撕裂;以及不过于复杂、费时或容易出错的制造方法。
因此,需要具有改进的化学性质的改进的TPU组合物,其可以通过注塑成型成具有改进的物理性质的筛分构件和筛分组件来形成。
公开的组合物通常包括TPU材料、被选来优化组合物耐热性的热稳定剂、被选来优化组合物在注塑成型中的使用的助流剂、以及被选来优化所得复合材料的硬度的填充材料。填料可以以小于TPU的约10%重量的量被包括。在一个实施方案中,以TPU的约7%重量的量提供填料。在其它示例性实施方案中,提供的填料的量小于TPU重量的约7%、小于约5%或小于约3%。
填充材料的一个实例包括玻璃纤维。玻璃纤维的引入量可以有助于在注塑成型中使用该组合物、在硬化后提高组合物的硬度、提高最终产品的耐热性,但又不排除将该组合物激光焊接到其它材料上。
玻璃纤维的初始长度可以为约1.0mm至约4.0mm。在一个实施方案中,玻璃纤维的初始长度为约3.175mm(即1/8英寸)。玻璃纤维的直径也可以小于约20μm,例如约2μm至约20μm。在一示例性实施方案中,玻璃纤维的直径为约9μm至约13μm。
TPU材料可以由低游离异氰酸酯单体预聚物(isocyanate monomer prepolymer)制成。在一个示例性实施方案中,低游离异氰酸酯单体预聚物可以选为对-亚苯基二异氰酸酯(p-phenylene di-isocyanate)。在进一步的实施方案中,可以选择其它预聚物。可以首先通过使氨基甲酸乙酯预聚物(urethane prepolymer)与固化剂反应来产生TPU。可以选择氨基甲酸乙酯预聚物以具有小于1%重量的游离多异氰酸酯单体(polyisocyanatemonomer)含量。
然后可以通过在150℃或更高的温度进行挤出对所得材料进行热处理,以形成TPU聚合物。氨基甲酸乙酯预聚物可以由多异氰酸酯单体和多元醇(polyol)制备,所述多元醇包括链烷二醇(alkane diol)、聚醚多元醇(polyether polyol)、聚酯多元醇(polyesterpolyol)、聚己内酯多元醇(polycaprolactone polyol)和/或聚碳酸酯多元醇(polycarbonate polyol)。在一个示例性实施方案中,固化剂可包括二醇、三醇、四醇、亚烷基多元醇(alkylene polyol)、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、二胺或二胺衍生物。
根据一个实施方案,上述热稳定剂可以以TPU的约0.1%至约5%重量的量被包括。热稳定剂可以是位阻酚抗氧化剂(sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant)。位阻酚抗氧化剂可以是季戊四醇四(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯)(CAS登记号6683-19-8)。任选地,可以包括紫外线(UV)光稳定剂。在一些实施方案中,热稳定剂还将用作紫外线光稳定剂。
根据一个实施方案,上述助流剂可以以TPU的约0.1%至约5%重量的量被包括。助流剂可以选为乙烯乙酰磺胺蜡(ethylene steramide wax)。乙烯乙酰磺胺蜡可以包括十八烷酰胺(octadecanamide)、N,N'-1,2-乙二基双(CAS登记号110-30-5)和硬脂酸(CAS登记号57-11-4)。在其它实施方案中,可以选择其它助流剂。
根据一个实施方案,上述玻璃纤维的直径或宽度可以为大约2至大约20μm、大约9至大约13μm、或者可以具有大约11μm的直径或宽度。玻璃纤维的初始长度可以为约3.1mm至约3.2mm。由于在加工过程中纤维的断裂,在注塑成型后处于硬化状态的玻璃纤维的最终平均长度可以小于约1.5mm。在注塑成型后的最终硬化状态下,纤维可以表征为长度分布范围为约1.0mm至约3.2mm,其中一些纤维保持不断裂。
公开的实施方案包括制备和使用适用于具有细孔的制品的注塑成型的TPU组合物的方法。实施方案方法包括使TPU、热稳定剂、助流剂和填充材料在大于约150℃的温度反应,以产生TPU组合物。填料可以包括直径为约2μm至约20μm的玻璃纤维,玻璃纤维的量被选择以优化由TPU组合物模塑的制品的硬度。该TPU可以是聚碳酸酯TPU。在反应步骤之前,TPU可以是预聚物。玻璃纤维的存在量可以为TPU的约1%至约10%重量。在一个实施方案中,玻璃纤维可以以TPU的约7%重量的量存在。
由本文公开的组合物模塑的制品适合通过包括激光焊接在内的各种方法进行连接。在这方面,可以将所得的制品激光焊接到其它制品,例如支撑结构。
示例性制品包括如上所述的用于振动筛筛子的筛分构件。然后,如上所述的公开的TPU材料可以在注塑成型过程中使用,以产生筛分构件。在这一方面,可以在升高的温度将TPU材料引入/注入到适当设计的模具中。所述温度可以选择为TPU材料具有充分降低的粘度以允许该材料流入到模具中的温度。冷却后,可以将所得固化的筛分构件从模具中取出。
所得的筛分构件可被设计为具有多个开口,所述多个开口的开口宽度范围为大约38μm至大约150μm。具有这样的开口的筛子可以用于从各种工业流体中去除颗粒,从而过滤/清洁流体。大于筛分开口宽度的颗粒可以被有效地去除。TPU材料的期望的热性质允许由所述TPU材料制成的筛分构件在高温(例如,高达约82℃至94℃的使用温度)下有效地筛分颗粒。
所公开的TPU组合物以及由其生产的产物的特征包括温度和流动特征,其有利于使用诸如注塑成型的技术来生产非常精细的高分辨率结构。所得的最终产物在升高的操作温度(例如高达约94℃)也具有优异的热稳定性。所得结构还表现出足够的结构硬度以承受压缩载荷,同时保持小的开口,从而允许筛分微米级的颗粒物。由公开的TPU材料产生的结构还表现出耐切割、耐撕裂和耐磨性、以及在富含烃的环境(例如,包括诸如柴油之类的烃的环境)中的耐化学性。
热塑性聚氨酯
公开的实施方案提供了包括聚氨酯的热塑性组合物,所述聚氨酯是被称为聚合物的一类大分子塑料。通常,诸如聚氨酯的聚合物包括称为单体的较小的重复单元。单体可以端对端化学连接以形成具有或不具有连接的侧基的初级长链主链分子。在一个示例性的实施方案中,聚氨酯聚合物可以表征为例如包括碳酸酯基团(-NHCO2)的分子主链。
虽然通常被归类为塑料,但是热塑性组合物包括彼此不共价键合或交联的聚合物链。聚合物链交联的缺乏使得热塑性聚合物在经受高温时熔融。此外,热塑性塑料是可逆地可热成型的,这意味着它们可以熔融、形成期望的结构并在以后全部或部分重新熔融。重新熔融热塑性塑料的能力允许对由热塑性塑料生产的制品进行任选的下游加工(例如,再循环)。通过将热源施加到制品上的特定位置,这类基于TPU的制品也可以在不连续的位置处熔融。在这方面,由公开的TPU组合物生产的制品适合于使用焊接(例如激光焊接)进行连接,以有效地将基于TPU的筛分构件固定至合适的筛分框架。
公开的TPU材料在极端温度和苛刻的化学环境下显示出期望的性质。在示例性实施方案中,这类TPU材料可以由低游离异氰酸酯单体(LF)预聚物制成。示例性(LF)预聚物可以包括具有低游离异氰酸酯含量的对-亚苯基二异氰酸酯(PPDI)。在其它实施方案中,可以使用不同的合适的预聚物。
示例性TPU材料可以如下产生。可以通过使具有小于1%重量的游离多异氰酸酯单体含量的氨基甲酸乙酯预聚物与固化剂反应来生产TPU聚合物。然后,可以通过在150℃(或更高)的温度进行挤出对所得材料进行热处理,以形成TPU材料。所述氨基甲酸乙酯预聚物可以由多异氰酸酯单体和多元醇制备,所述多元醇包括链烷二醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇和/或聚碳酸酯多元醇。固化剂可包括二醇、三醇、四醇、亚烷基多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、二胺或二胺衍生物。
根据各种实施方案,然后可以将公开的TPU材料与热稳定剂、助流剂和填充材料组合。在进一步的实施方案中,根据需要可以包括其它添加剂。
通常,公开的实施方案提供了可以通过使多元醇与多异氰酸酯和聚合物扩链剂反应形成的TPU组合物。示例性实施方案包括合成生产方法和用于制备TPU组合物的方法。公开的方法可包括在反应容器中使单体、固化剂和扩链剂反应以形成预聚物。公开的方法可以进一步包括通过使二异氰酸酯(OCN-R-NCO)与二醇(HO-R-OH)反应来形成预聚物。预聚物的形成包括化学连接两个反应物分子以产生在产物分子的一个位置具有醇(OH)和在另一个位置具有异氰酸酯(NCO)的化学产物。在一个实施方案中,公开的预聚物包括反应性醇(OH)和反应性异氰酸酯(NCO)两者。使用本文公开的TPU组合物产生的制品可以是完全固化的聚合物树脂,其可以作为固体塑料存储。
公开的实施方案提供了可由多异氰酸酯单体和固化剂制备的预聚物。固化剂的非限制性实例可包括乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、环己烷二甲醇(cyclohexane dimethanol)、对苯二酚-双羟烷基(hydroquinone-bis-hydroxyalkyl)(例如对苯二酚-双羟乙基醚)、二甘醇(diethylene glycol)、二丙二醇、二丁二醇、三甘醇(triethylene glycol)等、二甲基硫-2,4-甲苯二胺(dimethylthio-2,4-toluenediamine)、二对氨基苯甲酸酯(di-p-aminobenzoate)、苯基二乙醇胺(phenyldiethanol amine)混合物、亚甲基二苯胺氯化钠络合物(methylene dianiline sodium chloride complex)等。
在示例性实施方案中、多元醇可以包括链烷二醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇和/或聚碳酸酯多元醇。在某些实施方案中,多元醇可以包括单独或与其它多元醇组合的聚碳酸酯多元醇。
热稳定剂
公开的热稳定剂可包括添加剂,例如有机硫化合物,其是使聚合物热稳定的高效氢过氧化物分解剂。热稳定剂的非限制性实例包括:有机亚磷酸酯,例如亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸三-(2,6-二甲基苯基)酯(tris-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphite)、亚磷酸三-(混合的单-和二壬基苯基)酯(tris-(mixed mono-and di-nonylphenyl)phosphite)等;膦酸酯,例如二甲基苯膦酸酯等;磷酸酯,例如磷酸三甲酯等;二己基硫代二甲酸酯、二环己基-10,10'-硫代二癸酸酯、二鲸蜡基硫代二甲酸酯(dicerotylthiodiformate)、二鲸蜡基-10,10'-硫代二癸酸酯、二辛基-4,4-硫代二丁酸酯、二苯基-2,2'-硫代二乙酸酯(硫代二甘醇酸酯)、二月桂基-3,3'-硫代二丙酸酯、二硬脂酰-3,3'-硫代二丙酸酯、二(对甲苯基)-4,4'-硫代二丁酸酯、月桂基肉豆蔻基-3,3'-硫代二丙酸酯、棕榈基硬脂酰-2,2'-硫代二乙酸酯、二月桂基-2-甲基-2,2'-硫代二乙酸酯、十二烷基3-(十二烷基氧基羰基甲硫基)丙酸酯、硬脂酰4-(肉豆蔻基氧基羰基甲硫基)丁酸酯、二庚基-4,4-硫代二苯甲酸酯、二环己基-4,4'-硫代二环己酸酯、二月桂基-5,5'-硫代-4-甲基苯甲酸酯(dihexylthiodiformatedicyclohexyl-10,10'-thiodidecylate dicerotylthiodiformate dicerotyl-10,10'-thiodidecylate dioctyl-4,4-thiodibutyrate diphenyl-2,2'-thiodiacetate(thiodiglycolate)dilauryl-3,3'-thiodipropionate distearyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate di(p-tolyl)-4,4'-thiodibutyrate lauryl myristyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate palmityl stearyl-2,2'-thiodiacetate dilauryl-2-methyl-2,2'-thiodiacetatedodecyl 3-(dodecyloxycarbonylmethylthio)propionate stearyl4-(myristyloxycarbonylmethylthio)butyrate diheptyl-4,4-thiodibenzoatedicyclohexyl-4,4'-thiodicyclohexanoate dilauryl-5,5'-thio-4-methylbenzoate);及其混合物。当存在时,基于TPU组合物中使用的基础聚合物组分的重量,热稳定剂可以为约0.0001%重量至约5%重量的量被包括。包含有机硫化合物也可以改善TPU组合物以及由其生产的制品的热稳定性。
在示例性实施方案中,热稳定剂可以是位阻酚抗氧化剂,例如季戊四醇四(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯)(CAS登记号6683-19-8)。在示例性实施方案中,可以按TPU的约0.1%至约5%重量范围的量包括热稳定剂。
助流剂
助流剂用于增强TPU材料的流动性质,以使此类TPU材料可以轻松地注入模具中。公开的TPU材料的注射时间优选为约1至约2秒。在一个实施方案中,已经实现了平均约1.6秒的流动时间。使用助流剂来实现这样的注射时间。
公开的TPU组合物可包含改善润滑性以增加熔融聚合物组合物相对于外表面的流动(即,增加外部流动)的助流剂。助流剂还可以增加热塑性熔体中单个聚合物链的流动(即,以增加内部流动)。
公开的实施方案提供了TPU组合物,其可以包括内部助流剂,该内部助流剂可以容易地与聚合物基质相容。例如,内部助流剂可以具有相似的极性,其通过防止聚合物的各个颗粒之间的内部摩擦而改善了熔体的流动的容易性。在某些实施方案中,包含内部助流剂的TPU组合物可以改善模塑性质。例如,在一个具体的实施方案中,TPU组合物可用于生产具有小或非常小的开口的制品。在另一个实施方案中,TPU组合物可用于通过注塑成型生产具有非常细的开口的制品。在进一步的实施方案中,TPU组合物的改进的流动性允许生产具有小的或非常小的开口的高分辨率制品。
公开的实施方案提供了TPU组合物,其可以包括与TPU组合物的聚合物基质或多或少地相容的外部助流剂。例如,外部助流剂可以具有相对于TPU组合物聚合物不同的极性。由于外部助流剂可能与组合物的TPU聚合物基质不相容,因此外部助流剂可以充当聚合物与加工机器的热金属表面之间的外部润滑膜。因此,外部润滑剂可以防止聚合物熔体粘附到机器零件(例如,挤出机)上,并且在注塑成型的情况下,还可以减小从模具中移除固化的聚合物所需要的力(即,可以改善脱模)。
可以包括在TPU组合物中的助流剂的非限制性实例包括胺(例如,亚甲基双十八酰胺(ethylene bisstearamide))、蜡、润滑剂、滑石粉和分散剂。公开的实施方案提供了TPU组合物,其还可以包括一种或多种无机助流剂,例如水合二氧化硅、无定形氧化铝、玻璃硅、玻璃磷酸盐、玻璃硼酸盐、玻璃氧化物、二氧化钛、滑石粉、云母、煅制氧化硅、高岭土、坡缕石、硅酸钙、氧化铝和硅酸镁。助流剂的量可以随所选择的特定助流剂的性质和粒度而变化。
在示例性实施方案中,助流剂可以是蜡,诸如乙烯乙酰磺胺蜡。乙烯乙酰磺胺蜡可以包括十八烷酰胺、N,N'-1,2-乙二基双(C38H76N2O2;CAS登记号100-30-5)和硬脂酸[CH3(CH2)16COOH;CAS登记号57-11-4]。在示例性实施方案中,助流剂可以以TPU的约0.1%至约5%重量的量存在。
通过减少或消除某些化合物例如硬脂酸钙的存在,可以实现TPU组合物的流动性质的改善。
填料
如上所述,公开的实施方案提供了TPU组合物,其还可以包括含有无机材料的填料。填料增强和硬化基于TPU的材料,从而增强由TPU材料注塑成型的物体的性质。例如,填料有助于保持在由TPU组合物注塑成型的物体中形成的小开口、洞或孔的形状。例如,在一些实施方案中,纤维允许光传输以用于将模塑的TPU组件激光焊接到支撑结构上。
在示例性实施方案中,如上所述,玻璃纤维可以用作填充材料。玻璃纤维可以采取实心或空心玻璃管的形式。在示例性实施方案中,玻璃管的直径(或宽度,如果不是圆形的话)可以为约2μm至约20μm。在示例性实施方案中,玻璃纤维的直径(或宽度,如果不是圆形的话)可以为大约9μm至大约13μm。在一个实施方案中,玻璃纤维的直径或宽度可以为11μm。玻璃纤维的初始长度可以为约3.0mm至约3.4mm。在示例性实施方案中,玻璃纤维的初始长度可以为1/8英寸(即3.175mm)。但是,在TPU材料的加工过程中,玻璃纤维可能会断裂,从而变得更短。在注塑成型之后的硬化状态下,玻璃纤维的平均长度可以小于约1.5mm,其中大多数纤维的范围为约1.0mm至约3.2mm。一些纤维保留了其原始长度,但大多数断裂成较小的片。
为了允许TPU组合物的激光焊接,期望使用尽可能少的玻璃纤维。过多的玻璃纤维导致激光的反射/折射量过高。另外,随着玻璃纤维含量的增加,TPU组合物的期望性质可能降低。具有足够大直径的玻璃纤维对于可激光焊接的组合物可以更好地发挥作用。这样的大直径纤维还可提供期望的增强和硬化性质。然而,玻璃纤维的直径不应太大,因为随着玻璃纤维直径的增加,期望的流动性质可能降低,从而降低了所得组合物用于注塑成型的适用性。
在针对具有亚毫米级特征的结构的注塑成型而开发的组合物中,玻璃纤维填充材料不应包含直径大于50μm的纤维,而直径优选应该小于20μm。应避免碳纤维,因为它们不是半透明的,因而对激光焊接可能没有作用。被设计为可通过激光焊接连接的、基于TPU的物体,可具有允许激光穿过TPU材料的光学性质。这样,激光可以穿过TPU物体,并且可以撞击(例如尼龙次网格的)相邻的结构。次网格的尼龙材料是一种热塑性塑料,其具有吸收激光的深色,因此可以被激光加热。在吸收激光后,可以将TPU和相邻的尼龙加热到高于它们各自的熔融温度的温度。这样,两种材料都可以熔融,并且在冷却后,可以在TPU和尼龙之间的界面处形成机械搭接,从而将组分焊接在一起。
公开的实施方案提供了TPU组合物,其也可以包括可具有任何构型的颗粒状填料,所述构型包括例如球体、板、纤维、针状(即,针样的)结构、薄片、晶须或不规则形状。合适的填料的平均最长尺寸的范围可以为约1nm至约500μm。一些实施方案可以包括平均最长尺寸的范围为大约10nm至大约100μm的填充材料。一些纤维状,针状或晶须状的填充材料(例如玻璃或硅灰石)的平均纵横比(即长度/直径)的范围可以为约1.5至约1000。在其它实施方案中也可以使用更长的纤维。
板状填充材料(例如云母、滑石或高岭土)可具有大于约5的平均纵横比(即,相同面积的圆的平均直径/平均厚度)。在一个实施方案中,板状填充材料的纵横比的范围可以为约10至约1000。在另外的实施方案中,此类板状材料的纵横比的范围可以为约10至约200。也可以使用双模态、三模态、或更高纵横比的混合物。在某些实施方案中也可以使用填料的组合。
根据一个实施方案,TPU组合物可以包括天然填充材料、合成填充材料、矿质填充材料或非矿质填充材料。可以选择合适的填充材料以具有足够的耐热性,从而可以至少在与之结合的TPU组合物的加工温度下保持填充材料的固态物理结构。在某些实施方案中,合适的填料可以包括粘土、纳米粘土、炭黑、木粉(有或没有油)和各种形式的二氧化硅。二氧化硅材料可以是沉淀或水合、煅制或焦化、玻璃质、熔融或胶体状的。这样的二氧化硅材料可以包括普通的沙子、玻璃、金属和无机氧化物。无机氧化物可以包括元素周期表的第2、3、4、5和6周期的第IB、IIB、IIIA、IIIB、IVA、IVB(碳除外)、VA、VIA、VIIA和VIII族的金属氧化物。
填充材料还可包括金属氧化物,例如氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化锆、二氧化钛、纳米级氧化钛、三水合铝、氧化钒、氧化镁、三氧化锑、铝、铵或镁的氢氧化物。填充材料可以进一步包括碱金属和碱土金属的碳酸盐,例如碳酸钙、碳酸钡和碳酸镁。矿物基材料可包括硅酸钙、硅藻土、漂白土、砂藻土、云母、滑石粉、板岩粉、火山灰、棉屑、石棉和高岭土。
填充材料还可包括碱和碱土金属硫酸盐、例如钡的硫酸盐和硫酸钙、钛、沸石、硅灰石、硼化钛、硼酸锌、碳化钨、铁氧体、二硫化钼、方石英、硅铝酸盐,其包括蛭石、膨润土、蒙脱土、钠蒙脱土、钙蒙脱土、水合钠钙铝镁硅酸盐氢氧化物、叶蜡石、硅酸镁铝、硅酸锂铝、硅酸锆和上述填充材料的组合。
公开的实施方案提供了TPU组合物、其可以包括纤维状填料,例如玻璃纤维(如上所述)、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、碳纳米纤维、碳纳米管、碳布基球、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、三聚氰胺纤维、聚酰胺纤维、纤维素纤维、金属纤维、钛酸钾晶须和硼酸铝晶须。
在某些实施方案中,如上所述,TPU组合物可以包括玻璃纤维填料。玻璃纤维填料可以属于E玻璃、S玻璃、AR玻璃、T玻璃、D玻璃和R玻璃。在某些实施方案中,玻璃纤维直径可以在约5μm至约35μm的范围内。在其它实施方案中,玻璃纤维的直径的范围可以为约9至约20μm。在进一步的实施方案中,玻璃纤维的长度可以为约3.2mm或更短。如上所述,包含玻璃填料的TPU组合物可以赋予TPU组合物和由其生产的制品改善的热稳定性。
公开的实施方案可包括含有玻璃填料的组合物,该玻璃填料的浓度的范围为按重量计约0.1%至约7%。实施方案还可以包括如下浓度范围的玻璃填料:约1%至约2%;约2%至约3%;3%至约4%;约4%至约5%;约5%至约6%;约6%至约7%;约7%至约8%;约8%至约9%;约9%至约10%;约10%至约11%;约11%至约12%;约12%至约13%;约13%至约14%;约14%至约15%;约15%至约16%;约16%至约17%;约17%至约18%;约18%至约19%;和约19%至约20%。在某些实施方案中,玻璃填料的浓度可以为约1%。在某些实施方案中,玻璃填料的浓度可以为约3%。在某些实施方案中,玻璃填料的浓度可以为约5%。在某些实施方案中,玻璃填料的浓度可以为约7%。在某些实施方案中,玻璃填料的浓度可以为约10%。
如上所述,实施方案可以包括玻璃填充材料,其中各种玻璃纤维的直径或宽度的范围可以为大约1μm至大约50μm。在某些实施方案中,玻璃填料的特征可以在于纤维直径的窄分布,使得至少90%的玻璃纤维具有特定的直径或宽度。其它实施方案可包括直径或宽度分布较宽的玻璃填料,其范围为约1μm至约20μm。进一步的实施方案可以包括玻璃填料,该玻璃填料的玻璃纤维直径或宽度分布范围为:约1μm至约2μm;约2μm至约3μm;约3μm至约4μm;约4μm至约5μm;约5μm至约6μm;约6μm至约7μm;约7μm至约8μm;约8μm至约9μm;约9μm至约10μm;约10μm至约11μm;约11μm至约12μm;约12μm至约13μm;约13μm至约14μm;约14μm至约15μm;约15μm至约16μm;约16μm至约17μm;约17μm至约18μm;约18μm至约19μm;和约19μm至约20μm。在某些实施方案中,玻璃填料可具有以特定值为中心的直径或宽度分布。例如,根据一个实施方案,特定的直径或宽度值可以是10μm±2μm。
根据一个实施方案,TPU组合物可包括玻璃纤维填料,其包含表面处理剂和任选的偶联剂。许多合适的材料可以用作偶联剂。实例包括基于硅烷的偶联剂,基于钛酸酯的偶联剂或其混合物。适用的基于硅烷的偶联剂例如可以包括氨基硅烷、环氧硅烷、酰胺硅烷、叠氮化物硅烷和丙烯酸硅烷。
公开的实施方案提供了TPU组合物,其还可以包括其它合适的无机纤维,例如:碳纤维、碳/玻璃混合纤维、硼纤维、石墨纤维等。也可以使用各种陶瓷纤维,例如氧化铝-二氧化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维等。也可以使用金属纤维,例如铝纤维、镍纤维、钢、不锈钢纤维等。
公开的TPU组合物可以通过其中TPU反应物可以与填充材料(例如,纤维填料)和其它任选的添加剂组合的方法生产。然后,可以在混合或掺合装置中物理混合材料的组合。
示例性混合或掺合装置可以包括:密炼机(Banbury)、双螺杆挤出机、布斯捏合机(Buss Kneader)等。在某些实施方案中,可以将填料和基础TPU组合物材料混合或掺合,以产生具有纤维并入其中的TPU组合物掺合物。可以将所得的具有填料(例如玻璃纤维)和任选的其它额外添加剂的TPU组合物冷却以产生固体。然后可以将所得固体团粒化或以其它方式分成合适尺寸的颗粒(例如,粒化),以用于注塑成型工艺中。注塑成型工艺可用于产生制品,例如筛子或筛分元件。
上文提及的TPU组合物的任选添加剂可包括分散剂。在某些实施方案中,分散剂可有助于产生基础TPU组合物和另外的组分(如填料)的均匀分散体。在某些实施方案中,分散剂还可以改善所得的包含填料的TPU组合物的机械和光学性质。
在某些实施方案中,蜡可以用作分散剂。适用于公开的TPU组合物中的蜡分散剂的非限制性实例包括:聚乙烯蜡、酰胺蜡和褐煤蜡。本文公开的TPU组合物可包括酰胺蜡分散剂,例如N,N-双-硬脂酰乙二胺。使用这类蜡分散剂可以提高TPU组合物的热稳定性,但对聚合物透明度几乎没有影响。因此,在公开的TPU组合物中包括分散剂可至少具有如下期望的效果:(1)组合物和由其生产的制品的改进的热稳定性;和(2)适用于包括激光焊接在内的下游加工的期望的光学性质。
根据一个实施方案,公开的TPU组合物可以进一步包括抗氧化剂。抗氧化剂可用于终止可能由于各种气候条件而发生的氧化反应,和/或可用于减少TPU组合物的降解。例如,由合成聚合物形成的制品在投入使用时可与大气中的氧气反应。另外,由合成聚合物形成的制品可由于自由基链反应而发生自氧化。氧源(例如,大气中的氧气,单独地或与自由基引发剂组合)可与公开的TPU组合物中包括的底物反应。这样的反应可损害TPU组合物和由其生产的制品的完整性。因此,包含抗氧化剂可以改善TPU组合物的化学稳定性以及改善由其产生的制品的化学稳定性。
聚合物可响应于引起自由基引发的自氧化的紫外线的吸收而经受风化。这类自氧化可导致氢过氧化物和羰基化合物的裂解。实施方案TPU组合物可以包括提供氢的抗氧化剂(AH),例如受阻酚和仲芳族胺。此类AH添加剂可通过与有机底物竞争过氧自由基来抑制TPU组合物的氧化。这样的对过氧自由基的竞争可以终止链反应,从而稳定或防止进一步的氧化反应。在公开的TPU组合物中包含抗氧化剂可以抑制自由基的形成。除了AH是光稳定剂外,AH还可以在包含在公开的TPU组合物中时提供热稳定性。因此,某些实施方案可包括增强暴露于紫外光和热的聚合物的稳定性的添加剂(例如,AH)。因此,相对于由缺少抗氧化剂的TPU组合物产生的制品,当在高温条件下有效应用时,由公开的具有抗氧化剂的TPU组合物产生的制品可耐候并且具有改善的功能和/或寿命。
根据一个实施方案,公开的TPU组合物可进一步包括紫外线吸收剂(UVabsorber)。紫外线吸收剂通过可逆的分子内质子转移反应将吸收的紫外线辐射转化为热。在一些实施方案中,紫外线吸收剂可以吸收可以以另外方式被TPU组合物吸收的紫外线辐射。由TPU组合物导致的对紫外线的减少的吸收可以帮助减少紫外线辐射诱导的对TPU组合物的风化。紫外线吸收剂的非限制性实例可包括用于聚酰胺的草酰替苯胺(oxanilides)、用于聚氯乙烯(PVC)的苯甲酮和用于聚碳酸酯材料的苯并三唑和羟基苯基三嗪。在一个实施方案中,2-(2'-羟基-3'-仲丁基-5'-叔丁基苯基)苯并三唑可以为聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚缩醛、聚酰胺、TPU材料、苯乙烯基均聚物和共聚物提供紫外线稳定。根据各种实施方案,这些和其它紫外线吸收剂可以改善所公开的TPU组合物和由其生产的制品的稳定性。
TPU组合物可以进一步包括抗臭氧剂,其可以防止或减缓由空气中的臭氧气体引起的TPU材料的降解(即,可以减少臭氧裂纹)。抗臭氧化物(antiozonate)的非限制性示例性实施方案可包括:对苯二胺,例如6PPP(N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N'-苯基-对苯二胺)或IPPD(N-异丙基-N'-苯基-对苯二胺);6-乙氧基-2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢喹啉(ETMQ)、乙烯叉二脲(EDU)和石蜡,其可形成表面屏障。根据各种实施方案,这些和其它抗臭氧剂可以改善所公开的TPU组合物以及由其生产的制品的稳定性。
根据一个实施方案,可以如下制备示例性混合物。起始材料可以选为基于聚碳酸酯的热塑性聚氨酯。填充材料可以选为小直径的玻璃纤维(如上所述),其含量为按重量计约3%至约10%。然后,可以选择助流剂的含量为按重量计约0.1%至约5%。在这个实例中,助流剂可以被视为十八烷酰胺、N,N'-1,2-乙二基双和硬脂酸的混合物。热稳定剂可以选为季戊四醇四(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯),其含量按重量计为约0.1%至约5%。可以将上述热塑性混合物注入散装热塑性棒中,然后进行造粒以用于下游注塑成型。
方法
公开的实施方案提供了产生TPU组合物的方法和工艺。公开的方法可以包括使包括醇(OH)和异氰酸酯(NCO)的预聚物单元反应(即,连接),以使聚合物链或主链有效地“生长”和/或延伸。例如,在一个实施方案中,TPU组合物可以通过使聚氨酯预聚物与固化剂反应而制备,通常在例如约50℃至约150℃,或约50℃至约100℃的温度进行。在某些实施方案中,也可以采用这些范围之外的温度。
公开的TPU组合物可以被熔融并例如通过注塑成型而形成期望的形状。公开的方法可以进一步包括后固化步骤,包括在约50℃至约200℃或约100℃至约150℃的温度加热TPU材料,持续预定的时间段。例如,可以将TPU材料加热约1小时至约24小时。可选地,各种方法可以包括挤出步骤,其中可以在约150℃至约270℃或约190℃或更高的温度挤出后固化的TPU组合物,以使TPU组合物呈中间体形式。中间体形式可适合于下游加工以产生最终形式,例如基于TPU的筛分元件。
所公开的方法可以包括各种额外的加工操作。例如,公开的方法或工艺可以包括:使聚氨酯预聚物与固化剂反应(即,聚合);后固化聚氨酯;任选地研磨该材料以产生颗粒形式的后固化聚氨酯聚合物;挤出后固化的和/或任选的颗粒状聚氨酯聚合物;以及可选地将挤出的TPU粒化。
在一个实施方案中,TPU组合物可以通过如下工艺产生:其中将预聚物与固化剂在约50℃至约150℃的温度混合以形成聚合物。然后,该方法可以包括在约50℃至约200℃的温度将聚合物加热约1至约24小时以获得后固化的聚合物。然后,可以任选地研磨后固化的聚合物以产生颗粒状聚合物。任选地,该方法可以进一步包括,在约150℃或更高的温度,在挤出机中加工后固化的聚合物或颗粒状聚合物,以产生TPU组合物。进一步的操作可以任选地包括使TPU组合物粒化、使粒化的TPU组合物重新熔融、以及挤出熔融的TPU组合物。
公开的方法可以进一步包括产生包含任选的添加剂的TPU组合物。在一个实施方案中,任选的添加剂可包括抗氧化剂(包括酚类、亚磷酸酯、硫代酯和/或胺)、抗臭氧剂、热稳定剂、惰性填料、润滑剂、抑制剂、水解稳定剂、光稳定剂、受阻胺光稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂(例如、苯并三唑)、热稳定剂、防止变色的稳定剂、染料、颜料、无机和有机填料、有机硫化合物、热稳定剂、增强剂及其组合。
公开的方法包括产生包含任选的添加剂的TPU组合物,所述任选的添加剂的量对于每种相应的添加剂而言通常是有效量。在各种实施方案中,可以将此类任选的额外添加剂掺入到用于制备TPU组合物的组分中或反应混合物中。在其它实施方案中,可以产生和任选地加工缺少任选添加剂的基础TPU组合物。任选的加工操作可以包括研磨TPU材料以产生颗粒状材料或形成粉末状的基础TPU组合物材料,然后可以在进一步加工之前将任选的添加剂与之混合。
在其它实施方案中,可以混合、熔融和挤出包含基础TPU组合物和任选的添加剂的粉末状混合物,以形成组合物。在其它实施方案中,TPU组合物可以通过如下反应性挤出工艺制备:其中将预聚物、固化剂和任何任选的添加剂直接进料到挤出机中,然后在升高的温度下混合、反应并挤出。这些配制操作的各种替代组合也可以在各种实施方案中采用。
制品
公开的实施方案包括装置,制品和使用TPU组合物产生的产品。非限制性示例性实施方案可包括涂层或粘合剂,和/或在被铸造或挤出到模具中之后在固化后具有预定三维结构的制品。公开的实施方案提供了TPU组合物,相比例如基于天然和合成橡胶的其它材料,其可以显示出明显更高的承载性质。
在各种实施方案中,由公开的TPU组合物产生的制品可以是热稳定的。在这方面,尽管通常可以将热塑性塑料重新熔融和重整,但是由公开的TPU组合物生产的制品可以显示出针对在比熔融温度足够低的温度下由热应变引起的影响的抗性。例如,由公开的TPU组合物产生的制品可以在与使用条件相对应的高温下保持其形状(即,它们可以显示出模量保持性),所述高温包括约170℃至约200℃范围的温度。公开的TPU组合物可以用于形成在高温下可保持其结构、机械强度和整体性能的制品。
公开的TPU组合物可以在约160℃至约210℃的温度范围表现出热稳定性。对于约170℃至约200℃范围的温度,实施方案TPU组合物还可以表现出热稳定性,而对于约175℃至约195℃范围的温度,另外的实施方案可以表现出热稳定性。所公开的实施方案还可以提供一种TPU组合物,其对于约180℃的温度可表现出热稳定性。
公开的实施方案包括TPU组合物,其相对于已知的热塑性组合物具有(如通过切割/撕裂/磨损抗性数据所表征的)有利的机械性质。在某些实施方案中,改善的性质可以包括:更大的撕裂强度、在高温下更好的模量保持性、低压缩形变、随着时间的推移以及暴露于有害环境改善的物理性质的保持性。某些实施方案提供了TPU组合物,其可以具有改善的特性的组合,所述改善的特性例如优异的热稳定性,耐磨性和耐化学性(例如,对油和油脂的抗性)。在某些实施方案中,由公开的TPU组合物产生的制品可具有对于油、气、化学工业、采矿工业、汽车工业和其它工业非常需要的特性。
在示例性实施方案中,可以将以球粒形式提供的示例性TPU组合物装载到注射压机的汽缸中。一旦装入到汽缸中,可将球粒加热一段时间,从而熔融TPU组合物材料。然后,注射压机可以根据预定的注射速率将熔融的示例性TPU组合物材料挤出到模腔中。注射压机可以适于包括被配置成实现期望的注射输出的专业尖端和/或喷嘴。
可以控制或调整各种参数以获得期望的结果。这些参数可以包括但不限于筒温度、喷嘴温度、模具温度、注射压力、注射速度、注射时间、冷却温度和冷却时间。
在一个实施方案方法中,注塑成型装置的筒温度可以选为大约148℃至大约260℃、大约176℃至大约233℃、大约204℃至大约233℃、大约210℃至大约227℃、以及大约215℃至大约235℃的范围。注塑成型装置的喷嘴温度可以选为大约204℃至大约260℃、大约218℃至大约246℃、大约234℃至大约238℃、以及大约229℃至大约235℃的范围。
在一个实施方案方法中,注塑成型装置的注射压力可以选为约400PSI至约900PSI、约500PSI至约700PSI、约600PSI至约700PSI、以及约620PSI至约675PSI的范围。注塑成型装置的注射速度可以选为约1.0立方英寸/秒至约3.0立方英寸/秒、约1.5至约2.5立方英寸/秒、约1.75立方英寸/秒至约2.5立方英寸/秒、以及约2.1立方英寸/秒至约2.4立方英寸/秒的范围。
在一个实施方案方法中,注射时间可以选为大约0.25秒至大约3.00秒、大约0.50秒至大约2.50秒、大约0.75秒至大约2.00秒、以及大约1.00秒至大约1.80秒的范围。此外,可以修改注射时间以包括其中暂停注射的一定时间段的“暂停(hold)”。暂停期可以是任何具体时间。在示例性实施方案中,暂停时间可以在0.10秒至10.0分钟的范围。在其它实施方案中可以使用其它暂停时间。
在一个实施方案的方法中,模具温度可以选为约37℃至约94℃、约43℃至约66℃、以及约49℃至约60℃的范围。冷却温度可以逐渐降低,以控制所公开的TPU组合物的固化。可以在一段时间内使温度从模具温度逐渐降低到环境温度。用于冷却的时间段可以选为实际上从秒到小时的任何时间段。在一个实施方案中,冷却时间段可以在约0.1至约10分钟的范围。
以下方法描述了基于所公开的TPU组合物产生筛分构件的注塑成型工艺。如上所述,TPU组合物可以形成为TPU球粒。可以首先将TPU组合物材料注入到被设计成产生筛分构件的模具中。然后,可以将TPU组合物加热至适合于注塑成型的温度,从而熔融TPU材料。然后,可以将熔融的TPU材料载入到注塑成型机中。在一个实施方案中,模具可以是双腔筛分构件模具。然后,可以让包含注入的熔融TPU材料的模具冷却。冷却后,TPU材料固化成模具定义的筛分构件形状。然后可以将所得的筛分构件从模具中取出,以进行进一步加工。
合适的组合物的开发
上述实施方案提供了以各种组分的范围表示的TPU组合物。通过改变TPU材料的组成以及填料、助流剂和其它添加剂的百分比来获得改良的材料。基于各种组合物使用注塑成型工艺来产生筛分构件。将筛分构件附接到次网格结构,并组装成用于现场测试应用的大面积筛分组件。
图4示出了根据公开的实施方案的示例性筛分组件,该示例性筛分组件由如上文参考图1至3A所述的筛分构件和次网格结构产生。
图5示出了根据实施方案的筛分组件的实际现场测试的结果。在图5中呈现的数据代表测试实施方案的筛分组件的结果,该筛分组件用于筛分在延伸到至少约100,000英尺±5,000英尺的深度进行油和气勘探期间产生的材料。表现最好的组合物BB的玻璃纤维(直径为10μm)含量约为7%,表现次好的组合物BA的玻璃纤维(直径为10μm)含量约为5%。每种组合物还具有约0.5%的助流剂含量和约1.5%的热稳定剂含量。筛分元件表面元件84(例如,见图2)在所有测试中具有约0.014英寸的厚度T,其结果示于图5中。
在另外的实施方案中,产生了具有表面元件84的筛分构件,该表面元件84具有更小的厚度,包括T=0.007英寸、0.005英寸和0.03英寸。对于这些实施方案,使用如下表所示的较低浓度的填料、助流剂和热稳定剂是有利的。
T=0.014英寸 | T=0.007英寸 | T=0.005英寸 | T=0.003英寸 | |
填料 | 7% | 5% | 3% | 2% |
热稳定剂 | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.13% | 0.85% |
助流剂 | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.38% | 0.28% |
以上描述了示例性实施方案。然而,这样的示例性实施方案不应被解释为是限制性的。在这方面,可以对其做出各种修改和改变而不背离其更广泛的精神和范围。因此,说明书和附图应被认为是说明性的而不是限制性的。
Claims (49)
1.一种组合物,包含:
热塑性聚氨酯,
热稳定剂,被选来优化所述组合物的耐热性,
助流剂,被选来优化所述组合物在注塑成型中的使用,和
填料,所述填料包含玻璃纤维,其中所述玻璃纤维少于所述热塑性聚氨酯重量的约10%。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维少于所述热塑性聚氨酯重量的约7%。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维少于所述热塑性聚氨酯重量的约5%。
4.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维少于所述热塑性聚氨酯重量的约3%。
5.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯由低游离异氰酸酯单体预聚物制成。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述低游离异氰酸酯单体预聚物是对-亚苯基二异氰酸酯。
7.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯通过以下方法获得:在所述方法中,通过在150℃或更高的温度进行挤出从而热加工热塑性聚氨酯聚合物,所述热塑性聚氨酯聚合物通过使游离多异氰酸酯单体含量小于1%重量的氨基甲酸乙酯预聚物与固化剂反应而制备。
8.如权利要求7所述的组合物,其中所述氨基甲酸乙酯预聚物由多异氰酸酯单体和多元醇制备,所述多元醇包括链烷二醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇和/或聚碳酸酯多元醇,并且所述固化剂包括二醇、三醇、四醇、亚烷基多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、二胺或二胺衍生物。
9.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述热稳定剂为所述热塑性聚氨酯重量的约0.1%至约5%。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其中所述热稳定剂包含位阻酚抗氧化剂。
11.如权利要求10所述的组合物,其中所述位阻酚抗氧化剂是季戊四醇四(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯)(CAS登记号6683-19-8)。
12.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述助流剂为所述热塑性聚氨酯重量的约0.1%至约5%。
13.如权利要求12所述的组合物,其中所述助流剂包含乙烯乙酰磺胺蜡。
14.如权利要求13所述的组合物,其中所述乙烯乙酰磺胺蜡包含十八烷酰胺、N,N'-1,2-乙二基双(CAS登记号110-30-5)和硬脂酸(CAS登记号57-11-4)。
15.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维的直径或宽度小于约20μm。
16.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维的直径或宽度为约9μm至约13μm。
17.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维的初始长度小于约3.4mm。
18.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维的初始长度为约3.1mm至约3.2mm。
19.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中在注塑成型后处于硬化状态的所述玻璃纤维的平均长度小于约1.5mm。
20.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中在注塑成型后处于硬化状态的所述玻璃纤维具有约1.0mm至约3.2mm的长度分布。
21.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其进一步包含紫外线稳定剂。
22.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中由所述组合物模塑的制品是可激光焊接的制品。
23.一种制备适用于具有细孔的制品的注塑成型的组合物的方法,该方法包括:
使热塑性聚氨酯、热稳定剂、助流剂和填料在高于约150℃的温度反应以生产热塑性聚氨酯组合物,
所述填料包含玻璃纤维,其中所述玻璃纤维小于所述热塑性聚氨酯的约10%重量。
24.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维少于所述热塑性聚氨酯重量的约7%。
25.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维少于所述热塑性聚氨酯重量的约5%。
26.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维少于所述热塑性聚氨酯重量的约3%。
27.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯由低游离异氰酸酯单体预聚物制成。
28.如权利要求27所述的组合物,其中所述低游离异氰酸酯单体预聚物是对-亚苯基二异氰酸酯。
29.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯通过以下方法获得:在所述方法中,通过在150℃或更高的温度进行挤出从而热加工热塑性聚氨酯聚合物,所述热塑性聚氨酯聚合物通过使游离多异氰酸酯单体含量小于1%重量的氨基甲酸乙酯预聚物与固化剂反应而制备。
30.如权利要求29所述的组合物,其中所述氨基甲酸乙酯预聚物由多异氰酸酯单体和多元醇制备,所述多元醇包括链烷二醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇和/或聚碳酸酯多元醇,并且所述固化剂包括二醇、三醇、四醇、亚烷基多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、二胺或二胺衍生物。
31.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中所述热稳定剂为所述热塑性聚氨酯重量的约0.1%至约5%。
32.如权利要求31所述的组合物,其中所述热稳定剂包含位阻酚抗氧化剂。
33.如权利要求32所述的组合物,其中所述位阻酚抗氧化剂是季戊四醇四(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯)(CAS登记号6683-19-8)。
34.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中所述助流剂为所述热塑性聚氨酯的约0.1%重量至约5%重量。
35.如权利要求34所述的组合物,其中所述助流剂包含乙烯乙酰磺胺蜡。
36.如权利要求35所述的组合物,其中所述乙烯乙酰磺胺蜡包含十八烷酰胺、N,N'-1,2-乙二基双(CAS登记号110-30-5)和硬脂酸(CAS登记号57-11-4)。
37.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维的直径或宽度小于约20μm。
38.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维的直径或宽度为约9μm至约13μm。
39.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维的初始长度小于约3.4mm。
40.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中所述玻璃纤维的初始长度为约3.1mm至约3.2mm。
41.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中在注塑成型后处于硬化状态的所述玻璃纤维的平均长度小于约1.5mm。
42.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中在注塑成型之后处于硬化状态的所述玻璃纤维具有约1.0mm至约3.2mm的长度分布。
43.如权利要求23所述的组合物,进一步包含紫外线稳定剂。
44.如权利要求23所述的组合物,其中由所述组合物模塑的制品是可激光焊接的制品。
45.一种制造用于振动筛的筛分构件的方法,所述方法包括:
在大于约150℃的温度使热塑性聚氨酯、热稳定剂、助流剂和玻璃纤维填料反应以生产热塑性聚氨酯组合物;
提供用于筛分构件的模具;
将所生产的热塑性聚氨酯组合物引入到所述用于筛分构件的模具中,从而形成筛分构件;以及
从所述用于筛分构件的模具中取出所述筛分构件,所述筛分构件具有大量的约38μm至约150μm的开口。
46.如权利要求45所述的方法,其中所述模具是注塑模具。
47.如权利要求45所述的方法,其中所述筛分构件在高达约38℃至94℃的温度有效地筛分颗粒。
48.一种用于振动筛分机的筛分构件,其包括:
由权利要求1所述的组合物注塑成型的筛分构件,和
所述筛分构件具有约38μm至约150μm的开口。
49.如权利要求48所述的筛分构件,其中所述筛分构件在高达约37℃至94℃的温度有效地筛分颗粒。
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- 2018-04-27 US US15/965,363 patent/US11203678B2/en active Active
- 2018-04-27 MX MX2019012763A patent/MX2019012763A/es unknown
- 2018-04-27 CA CA3060677A patent/CA3060677C/en active Active
- 2018-04-27 WO PCT/US2018/029944 patent/WO2018201043A2/en active Application Filing
- 2018-04-27 BR BR112019022586-2A patent/BR112019022586B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2018-04-27 PE PE2019002138A patent/PE20200680A1/es unknown
- 2018-04-27 CN CN201880028234.3A patent/CN110691821A/zh active Pending
- 2018-04-27 EP EP18790098.0A patent/EP3615612A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-04-27 CN CN202310086236.0A patent/CN116273870A/zh active Pending
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2019
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BR112019022586B1 (pt) | 2022-03-22 |
SA519410384B1 (ar) | 2022-10-23 |
CN116273870A (zh) | 2023-06-23 |
EP3615612A2 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
US20180312667A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
AU2018260541A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
WO2018201043A3 (en) | 2019-04-11 |
GB2575613A (en) | 2020-01-15 |
CA3060677A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
CA3060677C (en) | 2022-12-06 |
CL2019003079A1 (es) | 2020-02-07 |
PE20200680A1 (es) | 2020-06-11 |
GB201916470D0 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
MX2019012763A (es) | 2019-12-16 |
TW201843236A (zh) | 2018-12-16 |
BR112019022586A2 (pt) | 2020-05-19 |
US20220112359A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
WO2018201043A2 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
EP3615612A4 (en) | 2020-12-02 |
CO2019011855A2 (es) | 2020-04-01 |
US11203678B2 (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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