TW201843236A - 熱塑性組成物、方法、裝置及用途 - Google Patents
熱塑性組成物、方法、裝置及用途 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
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- B01D21/28—Mechanical auxiliary equipment for acceleration of sedimentation, e.g. by vibrators or the like
- B01D21/283—Settling tanks provided with vibrators
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- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
- B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
- B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
- B01D29/19—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration on solid frames with surface grooves or the like
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- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
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- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/18—Drum screens
- B07B1/185—Drum screens provided with exchangeable sieve panels
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- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
- B07B1/4618—Manufacturing of screening surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
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- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/40—Removing or ejecting moulded articles
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- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D28/00—Producing nets or the like, e.g. meshes, lattices
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/0895—Manufacture of polymers by continuous processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3225—Polyamines
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Abstract
本發明揭示熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯(TPU)組成物、用於製備TPU組成物之方法、使用TPU組成物之方法及由其製造之裝置。所揭示之TPU組成物包含熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物、熱穩定劑、流動劑及填料材料。該填料可為玻璃纖維。所揭示之TPU組成物具有改良之熱穩定性及改良之流動性質,其等適於射出模製具有大量細小開孔或孔隙之製造物件。由該組成物製造之物件具有優異之熱穩定性、耐磨性及耐化學性。實例物件包括用於振動式篩分機器之篩分部件。
Description
相關申請案之交叉參考
本申請案主張2017年4月28申請之美國臨時專利申請案第62/492,054號及2017年5月2日申請之第62/500,262號之權利,該等申請案之全部內容以引用的方式併入本文中及藉此主張該等申請案之優先權。
本發明大體上係關於熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯(TPU)之組成物、裝置、方法及用途。所揭示的實施例TPU組成物可用於射出模製製程以產生用於振動式篩分機器中之篩分部件。振動式篩分機器提供激發安裝的篩使得置於篩上的材料可分離至所需層級之能力。過大材料與過小材料分開。所揭示的組成物及篩分部件可用於與石油工業、天然氣/石油分離、採礦、水純化及其他相關工業應用有關的技術領域。
所揭示的實施例提供篩分部件,其等滿足苛刻的需求,諸如:可有效篩分尺寸類似之顆粒之約43 µm至約100 µm的細小開孔;約幾平方呎的具有大開孔篩分面積約30%至35%之大面積篩;熱穩定且機械穩定之在操作(諸如壓縮裝載(例如,對篩分部件邊緣施加的1,500 lbs.至3,000 lbs.的力及高達10 G的振動加速度及裝載高溫材料(例如,介於37℃與94℃之間))期間可耐受嚴苛條件之篩,所篩分材料具有顯著的重量裝載及苛刻的化學及研磨條件。
所揭示的實施例材料及方法提供混合途徑,在該混合途徑中,使用所揭示之TPU材料微模製小篩分元件以可靠地產生約43 µm至約100 µm的細小特徵從而製得具有大開孔篩分面積之篩分元件。所揭示的TPU材料(如下文中更詳細地論述)包括特徵係最佳量的填料、熱穩定劑及流動劑作為適宜熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯之添加劑之實施例。此等添加劑進而允許小篩元件諸如藉由雷射焊接固定連接至次網格結構以提供可耐受上文提及之大機械裝置及加速度之機械穩定性。例如,玻璃纖維可用作填料材料,其允許強化TPU材料及進而允許篩元件固定連接至具有增加之結構穩定性之次網格結構。然而,在玻璃之折射性質對雷射系統提供障礙之情況下,添加大量玻璃纖維可導致雷射焊接難度增加。任何量的添加劑亦必然需要熱塑性胺基甲酸酯之稀釋。同樣地,應添加最少但有效量之熱穩定劑,其中該添加劑的量應足以使最終結構耐受上述高溫材料之添加。
如下文中更詳細地論述,所揭示之TPU組成物中添加劑的量亦可根據篩分元件表面元件之所需厚度T而改變,如美國專利申請案第15/965,195號及第62/648,771號中詳細論述,該等申請案以引用的方式併入本文中。例如,如美國專利申請案第15/965,195號第[00366]至[00373]段及對應之表1至4中所論述,可改變篩分元件表面元件之厚度T以試圖將總篩分總成上開孔面積百分比最大化,此可增加篩分總成在使用時的有效性。
複數個此等最佳化次網格結構可接著組裝成具有大表面積(約幾平方呎)之篩分結構。基於所揭示TPU組成物之篩總成可例如以美國專利申請案第15/965,195號及第62/648,771號中所述的方式使用。例如,如美國專利申請案第15/965,195號說明書第[0017]至[0021]段中所述,基於所揭示TPU組成物之網格框架可在被固定至振動式篩分機器時所經歷的實質性振動式裝載負擔下提供對抗損傷或變形之所需持久性。當組裝形成完整篩總成時的次網格足夠强到不僅可耐受固定篩總成至振動式篩分機器所需的力,而且可耐受可存在於振動裝載中之極端條件。如美國專利申請案第15/965,195號說明書第[00280]至[00282]段中詳細論述,固定篩元件至次網格之較佳方法可包括配置在次網格上之融合棒之雷射焊接。因此,所揭示的TPU組成物可用於創造能夠耐受本文及美國專利申請案第15/965,195號中所述之極端條件之參考振動式篩分裝置。
基於所揭示TPU組成物之篩總成亦可經結構設計以安裝在描述於美國專利第7,578,394號;第5,332,101號;第6,669,027號;第6,431,366號;及第6,820,748號中之振動式篩分機器上。此等篩總成可包括:包括經結構設計以接受上方固定型拉張部件之U-型部件之側部或黏結劑棒(如美國專利5,332,101中所述);包括接受經結構設計以接受下方安裝型拉張之孔之指部之側部或黏結劑棒(如美國專利第6,669,027號中所述);用於壓縮加載之側部或黏結劑棒(如美國專利第7,578,394號中所述);或可經結構設計以用於連接且加載於多層機器(諸如描述於美國專利第6,431,366號中之機器)上。
基於所揭示TPU組成物之篩總成及/或篩分元件亦可經結構設計以包括描述於美國專利8,443,984中之特徵,包括其中所述之導引總成技術及述於其中之操作板技術。再者,基於所揭示TPU組成物之篩總成及篩分元件可經結構設計以併入至預篩分技術中,與安裝結構及篩結構相容,描述於美國專利第7,578,394號;第5,332,101號;第4,882,054號;第4,857,176號;第6,669,027號;第7,228,971號;第6,431,366號;第6,820,748號;第8,443,984號;及第8,439,203號中。此等專利文件各者之揭示內容及其相關專利家族及申請案、及此等文件中所參考之專利及專列申請係以其全文引用的方式明確併入本文中。實例篩實施例
由熱固性及熱塑性聚合物製成之篩分部件描述於上文提及的專利文件(即,美國臨時專利申請案序列第61/652,039號及第61/714,882號;美國專利申請案第13/800,826號;美國專利第9,409,209號;美國專利第9,884,344號;及美國專利申請案第15/851,099號)中,該等申請案之全部揭示內容以引用的方式併入本文中。
圖1至3A說明使用所揭示的TPU組成物藉由射出模製製程形成之實例實施例篩分部件。圖1至1C顯示實施例篩元件416,其具有實質上平行篩元件末端部分20及實質上與篩元件末端部分20垂直之實質上平行篩部件側部22。篩元件416可包括複數個錐形沉孔470,其可有利於自模具取出篩元件416,如上文提到的專利案文件中更詳細描述。篩元件416可進一步包括定位孔隙424,其可位於篩元件416的中心及篩元件416的四個角各者處。定位孔隙424係可用於將篩部件416連接至次網格結構,如下文參考圖3及3A更詳細地描述。
如圖1及1A中所顯示,篩元件416具有篩表面13,其包括平行於篩元件末端部分20移動且形成篩分開孔86之固體表面元件84,此亦顯示於圖2之近視圖中,如下文更詳細地描述。
圖1B及1C顯示具有第一篩元件支撐部件28延伸於末端部分20之間且實質上與末端部分20垂直之篩元件416之仰視圖。圖1B亦顯示與延伸於側邊部分22之間的第一篩元件支撐部件28垂直、約平行於末端部分20且實質上垂直於側部22之第二篩元件支撐部件30。該篩元件可進一步包括實質上平行於側邊部分22之第一系列之強化部件32及實質上平行於末端部分20之第二系列之強化部件34。末端部分20、側邊部分22、第一篩元件支撐部件28、第二篩元件支撐部件30、第一系列之強化部件32及第二系列之強化部件34在各種加載期間(包括壓縮力之分佈及/或振動加載條件)結構上穩定篩表面元件84及篩分開孔86。
如圖1B及1C中所顯示,篩元件416可包括一或多個黏著配置472,其可包括複數個延伸部、凹腔、或延伸部及凹腔之組合。在該實例中,黏著配置472為複數個腔袋。黏著配置472經結構設計以配接具次網格結構之互補黏著配置。例如,次網格結構414(顯示於圖3及3A中)具有配接篩元件416之腔袋472之複數個融合棒476及478,如下文參考圖3及3A更詳細地描述。
如圖2中所說明,篩分開孔86可為具有長度L及寬度W之長形狹縫,且經具有厚度T之表面元件84隔開。厚度T可根據篩分應用及篩分開孔86之結構而改變。厚度T可選為約0.003吋至約0.020吋(即約76 µm至約508 µm),視所需開口篩分面積及篩分開孔86之寬度W而定。在一個例示性實施例中,表面元件之厚度T可為0.015吋(即381 µm)。然而,所揭示TPU組成物之性質允許形成更薄的表面元件,諸如具有厚度T為0.007吋(即177.8 µm)之表面元件。表面元件的厚度T越小,篩元件之篩分面積越大。例如,厚度T為0.014吋可提供約10-15%開口之篩元件,而厚度T為0.003吋可提供約30-35%開口之篩元件,因此增大開口篩面積。
如上所述,篩分開口86具有寬度W。在例示性實施例中,各篩表面元件84之內表面間的寬度W可為約38 µm至約150 µm(即約0.0015至約0.0059吋)。開口之長度對寬度比可為1:1(即,對應於圓形孔隙)至120:1(即長窄狹縫)。在例示性實施例中,開口可較佳為矩形且可具有介於約20:1(例如長度860 µm;寬度43 µm)與約30:1(即,長度約1290 µm,及寬度約43 µm)之間之長度對寬度比。篩分開口並非必需是矩形,但可經熱塑性射出模製成包括適於特定篩分應用之任何形狀,包括近似正方形、圓形及/或橢圓形。
如下文中更詳細地描述,就增加之穩定性而言,篩表面元件84可包括可實質上平行於末端部分20移動之完整纖維材料(例如玻璃纖維)。篩元件416可為單一熱塑性射出模製工件。篩元件416亦可包括多個熱塑性射出模製工件,各工件經結構設計以跨越一或多個網格開口。利用小熱塑性射出模製篩元件416(其係連接至如下文所述的網格框架)可提供優於先前技術篩總成之許多優點,如上文引用的專利案文件中更詳細地描述。
圖3及3A說明根據一個實施例之用於連接篩元件416至末端次網格單元414之製程。篩元件416可經(次網格414之)長形連接部件444與末端次網格單元414對齊,長形連接部件444接合篩元件416的下側上之定位孔隙424 (例如,參見圖1至1C)。就此而言,次網格414之長形連接部件444穿入篩元件416之篩元件定位孔隙424中。末端次網格414之長形連接部件444可接著熔化填充篩元件連接孔隙424之錐形孔,藉此使篩元件416固定至次網格單元414。藉由長形連接部件444及篩元件定位孔隙424之連接僅係用於連接篩部件416至次網格414之一種方法。
或者,可使用黏著劑、扣件及扣件孔隙、雷射焊接等將篩元件416緊固至末端次網格單元414。如上文所述,次網格414之融合棒476及478(例如,參見圖3及3A)可經結構設計以擬合至篩元件416之腔袋472(例如,參見圖1至3C)中。在施加熱(例如,藉由雷射焊接等)後,融合棒476及478可熔化以於冷卻後在篩元件416與次網格414之間形成結合。
將篩元件416配置在亦可熱塑性射出模製的次網格(例如次網格414)上容許輕易地構造具有極細小篩分開口之完整篩總成。將篩元件416配置在次網格上亦容許篩總成10之總尺寸及/或結構之實質性改變,此可以包括更多或更少的次網格或具有不同形狀之次網格等而改變。除此之外,篩總成可簡單地藉由將具有不同尺寸篩分開口之篩元件416併入至次網格上且將該等次網格接合以形成所需結構而具有多種篩分開口尺寸或某一梯度之篩分開口尺寸。
上文參考圖1至3描述且在上述專利案文件中揭示之篩具有適於用作篩分部件之小篩分開口。所揭示的TPU組成物另外容許此等篩在隨後的各關鍵領域中有效地表現:結構穩定性及耐久性;耐受壓縮型加載之能力;耐受高溫之能力;延長之商品壽命,不論潛在的磨損、切割或撕裂;及不過於複雜、耗時或易於出錯之製造方法。
因此,需要可藉由射出模製成篩分部件形成之具有改良之化學性質之改良之TPU組成物及具有改良之物理性質之篩分總成。
所揭示的組成物大體上包含TPU材料、經選擇以將組成物之耐熱性最佳化之熱穩定劑、經選擇以將組成物在射出模製中之用途最佳化之流動劑及經選擇以將所得複合材料之硬度最佳化之填料材料。填料可以TPU的小於約10重量%的量包含。在一個實施例中,填料以TPU的約7重量%的量提供。在其他例示性實施例中,填料以TPU的小於約7重量%、小於約5重量%或小於約3重量%的量提供。
填料材料之一個實例包括玻璃纖維。玻璃纖維可以以下的的量引入:容許組成物用於射出模製中;改良組成物在硬化後的硬度;增加最終產品的耐溫性;及然而並不排除組成物與其他材料之雷射焊接。
玻璃纖維之初始長度可在約1.0 mm與約4.0 mm之間。在一個實施例中,玻璃纖維具有約3.175 mm(即1/8吋)的初始長度。玻璃纖維亦可具有小於約20 µm(諸如介於約2 µm與約20 µm之間)之直徑。在一個例示性實施例中,該等玻璃纖維具有介於約9 µm與約13 µm之間的直徑。
TPU材料可由低游離異氰酸酯單體預聚物製成。在一個實例實施例中,該低游離異氰酸酯單體預聚物可選為對伸苯基二異氰酸酯。在其他實施例中,可選擇其他預聚物。TPU可先藉由使胺基甲酸酯預聚物與固化劑反應產生。胺基甲酸酯預聚物可選擇為具有小於1重量%之游離聚異氰酸酯單體含量。
所得材料可接著藉由在150℃或更高之溫度下擠出熱處理以形成TPU聚合物。胺基甲酸酯預聚物可自聚異氰酸酯單體及多元醇(包括烷二醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己酸內酯多元醇及/或聚碳酸酯多元醇)進行製備。在一個實例實施例中,固化劑可包括二醇、三醇、四醇、伸烷基多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己酸內酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、二胺或二胺衍生物。
根據一個實施例,上述熱穩定劑可以TPU的約0.1重量%至約5重量%的含量包含。該熱穩定劑可為空間位阻酚系抗氧化劑。該空間位阻酚系抗氧化劑可為季戊四醇肆(3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯)(CAS登錄號碼6683-19-8)。視需要,可包含紫外(UV)光穩定劑。在一些實施例中,該熱穩定劑亦充作UV光穩定劑。
根據一個實施例,上述流動劑可以TPU的約0.1重量%至約5重量%的含量包含。該流動劑可選為伸乙基硬脂醯胺蠟。該伸乙基硬脂醯胺蠟可包括N,N'-1,2-乙烷二基雙十八醯胺(CAS登錄號碼110-30-5)及硬脂酸(CAS登錄號碼57-11-4)。在其他實施例中,可選擇其他流動劑。
根據一個實施例,上述玻璃纖維可具有介於約2 µm與約20 µm之間、介於約9 µm與約13 µm之間的直徑或寬度,或可具有約11 µm的直徑或寬度。該等玻璃纖維可具有介於約3.1 mm與約3.2 mm之間的初始長度。由於纖維於製程期間斷裂,在射出模製後處在硬化狀態下之玻璃纖維之最終平均長度可為小於約1.5 mm。於射出模製後的最終硬化狀態下,該等纖維可由在約1.0 mm至約3.2 mm範圍內之長度分佈(其中一些纖維仍未斷裂)來表徵。
所揭示的實施例包括製造及使用適合用於射出模製具有細小孔隙之製造物件之TPU組成物的方法。實施例方法包括使TPU、熱穩定劑、流動劑及填料材料在高於約150℃的溫度下反應以產生TPU組成物。該填料可包括具有介於約2 µm至約20 µm之間的直徑之玻璃纖維,其量經選擇以使由TPU組成物模製的製造物件的硬度最佳化。TPU可為聚碳酸酯TPU。TPU可係反應步驟前的預聚物。玻璃纖維可以介於TPU的約1重量%與約10重量%之間的量存在。在一個實施例中,玻璃纖維可以TPU的約7重量%的量存在。
由本文所揭示組成物模製的製造物件適於藉由各種方法(包括雷射焊接)接合。就此而言,所得物件可雷射焊接至其他物件,諸如支撐結構。
實例製造物件包括用於振動式搖動篩之篩分部件(如上文所述)。上文所述的所揭示TPU材料可接著用於射出模製製程中以產生篩分部件。就此而言,TPU材料可在高溫下引入/射出至適宜設計的模具中。溫度可選為TPU材料具有足夠減小的黏度以容許該材料流動進入模具中時的溫度。冷卻後,可自模具移去所得固化篩分部件。
所得篩分部件可設計成具有複數個具有開口寬度在約38 µm至約150 µm範圍內之開口。具有此等開口之篩可用於移去各種工業流體中的顆粒以藉此過濾/淨化流體。可有效地移去大於篩開口寬度的顆粒。TPU材料之期望的熱性質容許由TPU材料製成的篩部件在高溫(例如,高達約82至94℃之工作溫度)下有效地篩分顆粒。
所揭示TPU組成物之特性及由其產生之產品包括有利於使用諸如射出模製之技術產生極細小、高解析度結構之溫度及流動特徵。在高操作溫度(例如高達約94℃)下,所得最終產品亦具有極佳的熱穩定性。所得結構亦展現足以耐受壓縮加載同時維持容許篩分微米級顆粒物質之小開口的結構硬度。由所揭示TPU材料產生的結構亦展現耐切割、耐撕裂及耐磨損、以及在富烴環境(例如,包含烴(諸如柴油染料)之環境)中之耐化學性。 熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯
所揭示的實施例提供包含聚胺基甲酸酯之熱塑性組成物,聚胺基甲酸酯係一類稱為聚合物之大分子塑膠。一般而言,聚合物(諸如聚胺基甲酸酯)包含稱為單體之較小重複單元。單體可端對端化學連接以形成具有或不具有連接側基之一級長鏈主鏈分子。在一個實例實施例中,聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物之特徵可為(例如)包含碳酸酯基(-NHCO2
)之分子主鏈。
雖然一般被歸類為塑膠,但熱塑性組成物包含未彼此共價結合或交聯之聚合物鏈。聚合物鏈交聯之此缺失容許熱塑性聚合物在經歷高溫時熔化。此外,熱塑性塑膠係可逆地熱成形,意指其等可熔化,形成為期望的結構,且在稍後的時間再整體或部分熔化。使熱塑性塑膠再熔化之能力容許由熱塑性塑膠產生的物件之可選下游處理(例如,再循環)。此等以TPU為主的物件亦可在不同位置處藉由施加熱源至物件上的特定位置而熔化。就此而言,由所揭示TPU組成物產生的物件適用於利用焊接(例如,雷射焊接)接合以有效地緊固以TPU為主的篩分部件至適宜之篩分框架。
所揭示的TPU材料在極端溫度條件及苛刻化學環境下展現期望的性質。在例示性實施例中,此等TPU材料可由低游離異氰酸酯單體(LF)預聚物製成。實例(LF)預聚物可包括具有低游離異氰酸酯含量之對伸苯基二異氰酸酯(PPDI)。在其他實施例中,可使用不同的適宜預聚物。
實例TPU材料可如下產生。TPU聚合物可藉由使具有小於1重量%之游離聚異氰酸酯單體含量之胺基甲酸酯預聚物與固化劑反應製備。所得材料可接著藉由在150℃(或更高)的溫度下擠出熱處理以形成TPU材料。胺基甲酸酯預聚物可自聚異氰酸酯單體及多元醇(包括烷二醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己酸內酯多元醇及/或聚碳酸酯多元醇)製備。固化劑可包括二醇、三醇、四醇、伸烷基多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己酸內酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、二胺或二胺衍生物。
所揭示的TPU材料然後可根據各種實施例與熱穩定劑、流動劑及填料材料組合。在其他實施例中,可視需要包含其他添加劑。
一般而言,所揭示的實施例提供可藉由使多元醇與聚異氰酸酯及聚合物增鏈劑反應形成的TPU組成物。實例實施例包括用於製備TPU組成物之合成製備方法及製程。所揭示的方法可包括在反應容器中使單體、固化劑及增鏈劑反應以形成預聚物。所揭示的方法可進一步包括藉由使二異氰酸酯(OCN-R-NCO)與二醇(HO-R-OH)反應形成預聚物。預聚物之形成包括化學連接兩個反應物分子以產生在一個位置具有醇(OH)且在產物分子之另一位置具有異氰酸酯(NCO)之化學產物。在一個實施例中,所揭示的預聚物包含反應性醇(OH)及反應性異氰酸酯(NCO)。使用本文所揭示TPU組成物產生的物件可係完全固化之聚合物樹脂,其可呈固體塑膠形式儲藏。
所揭示實施例提供可自聚異氰酸酯單體及固化劑製備的預聚物。固化劑之非限制性實例可包括乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、環己烷二甲醇、氫醌-雙羥基烷基(例如,氫醌-雙羥基乙基醚)、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、二丁二醇、三乙二醇等、二甲基硫基-2,4-甲苯二胺、二對胺基苯甲酸酯、苯基二乙醇胺混合物、亞甲基二苯胺氯化鈉複合物等。
在實例實施例中,多元醇可包括烷二醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己酸內酯多元醇及/或聚碳酸酯多元醇。在某些實施例中,該多元醇可包括聚碳酸酯多元醇(單獨或與其他多元醇組合)。 熱穩定劑
所揭示的熱穩定劑可包括諸如有機硫化合物之添加劑,有機硫化合物為將聚合物熱穩定之有效氫過氧化物分解劑。非限制性實例熱穩定劑包括:有機亞磷酸酯,諸如亞磷酸三苯酯、參(2,6-二甲基苯基)亞磷酸酯、參(混合單-及二-壬基苯基)亞磷酸酯等;膦酸酯,諸如二甲基苯膦酸酯等;磷酸酯,諸如磷酸三甲酯等;二己基硫基二甲酸酯、二環己基-10,10'-硫基二癸酸酯、二鯨蠟基硫基二甲酸酯、二鯨蠟基-10,10'-硫基二癸酸酯、二辛基-4,4-硫基二丁酸值、二苯基-2,2'-硫基二乙酸酯(硫基二乙醇酸酯)、二月桂基-3,3'-硫基二丙酸酯、二硬脂基-3,3'-硫基二丙酸酯、二(對甲苯基)-4,4'-硫基二丁酸酯、月桂基肉豆蔻基-3,3'-硫基二丙酸酯、棕櫚基硬脂基-2,2'-硫基二乙酸酯、二月桂基-2-甲基-2,2'-硫基二乙酸酯、3-(十二烷基氧基羰基甲基硫基)丙酸十二烷基酯、4-(肉豆蔻基氧基羰基甲基硫基)丁酸硬脂酯、二庚基-4,4-硫基二苯甲酸酯、二環己基-4,4'-硫基二環己酸酯、二月桂基-5,5'-硫基-4-甲基苯甲酸酯;及其混合物等。當存在時,熱穩定劑可以用於TPU組成物之基質聚合物組分的重量的約0.0001重量%至約5重量%的量包含。包含有機硫化合物亦可改良TPU組成物及由其製造的物件之熱穩定性。
在一個例示性實施例中,熱穩定劑可為空間位阻酚系抗氧化劑,諸如季戊四醇肆(3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯)(CAS登錄編6683-19-8)。在實例實施例中,熱穩定劑可以介於TPU的約0.1重量%至約5重量%範圍內的量包含。 流動劑
流動劑係用於增強TPU材料之流動特徵使得此等TPU材料可輕易地射入模具中。所揭示TPU材料之射出時間較佳在約1秒與約2秒之間。在一個實施例中,已達成平均約1.6秒的流動時間。流動劑係用於達成此等射出時間。
所揭示的TPU組成物可包含增進潤滑作用以增加熔化聚合物組成物相對於外表面流動(即,增加外部流動)之流動劑。流動劑亦可增加個別聚合物鏈於熱塑性熔體中流動(即,增加內部流動)。
所揭示的實施例提供可包含可輕易地與聚合物基質相容之內部流動劑之TPU組成物。例如,該內部流動劑可具有相似極性,其藉由防止聚合物個別顆粒間之內摩擦而增進熔體流動容易度。在某些實施例中,包含內部流動劑之TPU組成物可改良模製特徵。例如,在一個特定實施例中,TPU組成物可用於產生具有小或極小開口之物件。在另一個實施例中,TPU組成物可用於藉由射出模製製造具有極細小開口之物件。在其他實施例中,TPU組成物之改良之流動容許製造具有小或極小開口之高解析物件。
所揭示的實施例提供TPU組成物,其可包含可或多或少與TPU組成物之聚合物基質相容之外部流動劑。例如,外部流動劑可具有相對於TPU組成聚合物不同的極性。由於外部流動劑可能不與組成物之TPU聚合物基質相容,故外部流動劑可充作聚合物與加工機器熱金屬表面間的外部潤滑膜。因此,外部潤滑劑可防止聚合物熔體黏著至機器部件(例如,諸如擠出機),且在射出模製情況中亦可減小自模具移去固化聚合物所需要的力(即,刻增進脫模)。
可包含於TPU組成物中之流動劑之非限制性實例包括胺(例如,伸乙基雙硬脂醯胺)、蠟、潤滑劑、滑石及分散劑。所揭示的實施例提供亦可包含一或多種無機流動劑(諸如水合二氧化矽、非晶型氧化鋁、玻璃二氧化矽、玻璃磷酸鹽、玻璃硼酸鹽、玻璃氧化物、二氧化鈦、滑石、雲母、發煙二氧化矽、高嶺土、鎂鋁海泡石(attapulgite)、矽酸鈣、氧化鋁及矽酸鎂)之TPU組成物。流動劑的量可隨所選特定流動劑之性質及粒徑而改變。
在例示性實施例中,流動劑可為蠟,諸如伸乙基硬脂醯胺蠟。伸乙基硬脂醯胺蠟可包括十八醯胺、N,N'-1,2-乙烷二基雙(C38
H76
N2
O2
;CAS登錄號碼100-30-5)及硬脂酸[CH3
(CH2
)16
COOH;CAS登錄號碼57-11-4]。在例示性實施例中,流動劑可以TPU的約0.1重量%至約5重量%的量存在。
TPU組成物之改良之流動特徵可(例如)藉由減少或消除特定化合物(諸如硬脂酸鈣)來達成。 填料
如上文所述,所揭示的實施例提供亦可包含可包括無機物之填料之TPU組成物。填料增強並硬化TPU材料,從而增強由TPU材料製成的目標注射之性質。例如,填料幫助維持於由TPU組成物射出模製的物件中形成之小的開口、孔或孔隙之形狀。在一些實施例中,例如,纖維容許透射光以用於雷射焊接所模製的TPU元件來支撐結構。
在例示性實施例中,玻璃纖維可用作填料材料(如上所述)。玻璃纖維可呈實心或中空玻璃管形式。在例示性實施例中,玻璃管可具有介於約2 µm與約20 µm之間的直徑(或寬度,如果是非圓形)。在一個例示性實施例中,玻璃纖維可具有介於約9 µm與約13 µm之間的直徑(或寬度,如果是非圓形)。在一個實施例中,玻璃纖維可具有11 µm直徑或寬度。玻璃纖維可具有介於約3.0 mm與約3.4 mm之間的初始長度。在一個例示性實施例中,玻璃纖維可具有1/8吋(即3.175 mm)的初始長度。在TPU材料之處理中,然而,玻璃纖維可能斷裂且因此變短。在射出模製後的硬化狀態下,玻璃纖維可具有小於約1.5 mm之平均長度,大多數纖維在介於約1.0 mm與約3.2 mm之間的範圍內。部分纖維保有其初始長度,但大多數斷裂成小件。
為容許雷射焊接TPU組成物,需要使用儘量小的玻璃纖維。過多的玻璃纖維會導致雷射光之反射/折射量高得難以接受。另外,TPU組成物之所需性質會隨玻璃纖維含量之增加而劣化。具有足夠大直徑之玻璃纖維對於可雷射焊接組成物而言可更好地操作。此等較大直徑纖維亦可提供期望之增強及硬化性質。然而,玻璃纖維之直徑不應太大,因為期望的流動性質會隨玻璃纖維直徑之增加而劣化,從而減小所得組成物用於射出模製之適應性。
玻璃纖維填料材料不應包含具有大於50 µm之直徑之纖維,且在開發用於射出模製具有亞毫米級特徵之結構的組成物中應較佳具有小於20 µm之直徑。應避免碳纖維,因為其等可能因其非半透明而無法用於雷射焊接。設計成可藉由雷射焊接接合的基於TPU之物件可具有容許雷射光穿過TPU材料之光學性質。因此,雷射光可穿過TPU物件且可轟擊諸如尼龍次網格之相鄰結構。次網格之尼龍材料為吸收鐳射光且可藉此藉由雷射加熱之具有暗色之熱塑性材料。吸收雷射光後,TPU及相鄰尼龍可被加熱至高於其各自熔化溫度之溫度。依此方式,可使兩種材料熔化,且冷卻後,可在介於TPU與尼龍之間的界面處形成機械式結合,藉此將該等元件焊接在一起。
所揭示的實施例提供亦可包含可具任何結構(包括(例如)球體、板狀、纖維、針尖狀(即針狀)結構、薄片、鬚晶或不規則形狀)之顆粒填料之TPU組成物。適宜的填料可具有在約1 nm至約500 µm範圍內的平均最長直徑。一些實施例可包括平均最長直徑在約10 nm至約100 µm範圍內的填料材料。一些纖維、針尖狀或鬚晶狀填料材料(例如,玻璃或矽灰石(wollastonite))可具有在約1.5至約1000範圍內的平均縱橫比(即長度/直徑)。其他實施例中亦可使用更長的纖維。
板狀填料材料(例如雲母、滑石或高嶺土)可具有大於約5之平均縱橫比(即相同面積/平均厚度之圓形之平均直徑)。在一個實施例中,板狀填料材料可具有在約10至約1000範圍內的縱橫比。在另一個實施例中,此等板狀材料可具有在約10至約200範圍內的縱橫比。亦可使用具有縱橫比之雙峰、三重峰或多重峰混合物。某些實施例中亦可使用填料之組合。
根據一個實施例,TPU組成物可包含天然、合成、礦物或非礦物填料材料。適宜的填料材料可選擇為具有足夠的耐熱性以致至少在與其組合的TPU組成物之處理溫度下可維持填料材料之固體物理結構。在某些實施例中,適宜之填料可包括黏土、奈米黏土、碳黑、木粉(包含或不含油)及二氧化矽之各種形式。二氧化矽材料可係沉澱或水合、發煙或熱源性、玻璃態、稠合或膠態的。此等二氧化矽材料可包括常見的砂、玻璃、金屬及無極氧化物。無極氧化物可包括元素週期表第2、3、4、5及6週期中第IB族、第IIB族、第IIIA族、第IIIB族、第IVA族、第IVB族(碳除外)、第VA族、第VIA族、第VIIA族及第VIII族之金屬之氧化物。
填料材料亦可包括金屬之氧化物,諸如氧化鋁、氧化鈦、氧化鋯、二氧化鈦、奈米級氧化鈦、三水合氧化鋁、氧化釩、氧化鎂、三氧化銻、鋁、銨或鎂之三氫氧化物。填料材料可進一步包括鹼及鹼土金屬之碳酸鹽,諸如碳酸鈣、碳酸鋇及碳酸鎂。礦物材料可包括矽酸鈣、矽藻土(diatomaceous earth)、漂白土、砂藻土(kieselguhr)、雲母、滑石、板岩粉、火山灰、棉屑、石棉及高嶺土。
填料材料可進一步包括鹼及鹼土金屬硫酸鹽(例如,硫酸鋇及硫酸鈣之硫酸鹽)、鈦、沸石、矽灰石、硼化鈦、硼酸鋅、碳化鎢、鐵氧體、二硫化鉬、白矽石、鋁矽酸鹽,包括蛭石、膨潤土、蒙脫石、Na-蒙脫石、Ca-蒙脫石、水合鈉鈣鋁鎂矽酸鹽氫氧化物、葉蠟石、矽酸鎂鋁、矽酸鋰鋁、矽酸鋯及上述填料材料之組合。
所揭示的實施例提供可包含纖維填料(諸如玻璃纖維(如上文所述)、玄武岩(basalt)纖維、芳族聚醯胺纖維、碳纖維、碳奈米纖維、碳奈米管、碳巴基球(carbon buckyball)、超高分子量聚乙烯纖維、三聚氰胺纖維、聚醯胺纖維、纖維素纖維、金屬纖維、鈦酸鉀鬚晶及硼酸鋁鬚晶)之TPU組成物。
在某些實施例中,TPU組成物可包含玻璃纖維填料(如上所述)。玻璃纖維填料可係E-玻璃、S-玻璃、AR-玻璃、T-玻璃、D-玻璃及R-玻璃。在某些實施例中,該玻璃纖維直徑可在約5 μm至約35 μm範圍內。在其他實施例中,玻璃纖維之直徑可在約9 μm至約20 μm範圍內。在其他實施例中,玻璃纖維可具有約3.2 mm或更小之長度。如上所述,包含玻璃纖維之TPU組成物可賦予TPU組成物及由其製造的物件改良之熱穩定性。
所揭示的實施例可包括包含濃度在約0.1重量%至約7重量%範圍內之玻璃填料之組成物。實施例亦可包含濃度在約1%至約2%;約2%至約3%;3%至約4%;約4%至約5%;約5%至約6%;約6%至約7%;約7%至約8%;約8%至約9%;約9%至約10%;約10%至約11%;約11%至約12%;約12%至約13%;約13%至約14%;約14%至約15%;約15%至約16%;約16%至約17%;約17%至約18%;約18%至約19%;及約19%至約20%範圍內之玻璃填料。在某些實施例中,玻璃填料濃度可為約1%。在某些實施例中,玻璃填料濃度可為約3%。在某些實施例中,玻璃填料濃度可為約5%。在某些實施例中,玻璃填料濃度可為約7%。在某些實施例中,玻璃填料濃度可為約10%。
如上文所述,實施例可包括玻璃填料材料,其中個別玻璃纖維可具有在約1 µm至約50 µm範圍內的直徑或寬度。在某些實施例中,玻璃纖維可以使得玻璃纖維的至少90%具有特定直徑或寬度之窄纖維直徑分佈表徵。其他實施例可包括具有跨約1 µm至約20 µm範圍之較寬直徑或寬度分佈之玻璃填料。其他實施例可包括具有跨以下範圍之玻璃纖維直徑或寬度分佈之玻璃纖維:約1 µm至約2 µm;約2 µm至約3 µm;約3 µm至約4 µm;約4 µm至約5 µm;約5 µm至約6 µm;約6 µm至約7 µm;約7 µm至約8 µm;約8 µm至約9 µm;約9 µm至約10 µm;約10 µm至約11 µm;約11 µm至約12 µm;約12 µm至約13 µm;約13 µm至約14 µm;約14 µm至約15 µm;約15 µm至約16 µm;約16 µm至約17 µm;約17 µm至約18 µm;約18 µm至約19 µm;及約19 µm至約20 µm。在某些實施例中,玻璃填料可具有以約特定值為中心之直徑或寬度分佈。例如,根據一個實施例,該特定直徑或寬度值可為10 µm ± 2 µm。
TPU組成物可包含根據一個實施例之包含表面處理劑及視需要之偶聯劑之玻璃纖維填料。許多適宜的材料可用作偶聯劑。實例包括基於矽烷之偶聯劑、基於鈦酸鹽之偶聯劑或其混合物。適用的基於矽烷之偶聯劑例如可包括胺基矽烷、環氧基矽烷、醯胺矽烷、疊氮化矽烷及丙烯基矽烷。
所揭示的實施例提供亦可包含其他適宜無機纖維(諸如:碳纖維、碳/玻璃混合纖維、硼纖維、石墨纖維等)之TPU組成物。亦可使用各種陶瓷纖維,諸如氧化鋁-二氧化矽纖維、氧化鋁纖維、碳化矽纖維等。亦可使用金屬纖維,諸如氧化鋁纖維、鎳纖維、鋼、不鏽鋼纖維等。
所揭示的TPU組成物可藉由可將TPU反應物與填料材料(例如纖維填料)及其他可選添加劑組合之製程來產生。材料之組合可接著在混合或摻合裝置中進行物理混合。
一種實例混合或摻合裝置可包括:班伯里(Banbury)、雙螺桿擠出機、Buss捏合機等。在某些實施例中,填料及基質TPU組成材料可經混合或摻合以產生其中併有纖維之TPU組成摻合物。可使具有填料(例如玻璃纖維)及視需要之其他額外添加劑之所得TPU組成物冷卻以產生固體塊團。所得固體塊團可接著經製粒或以其他方式分成用於射出模製製程中之適宜大小的顆粒(例如粒化)。該射出模製製程可用於產生製造物件,諸如篩或篩分元件。
TPU組成物之可選添加劑(上述)可包括分散劑。在某些實施例中,分散劑可幫助產生基質TPU組成物及額外組分(諸如填料)之均勻分散液。在某些實施例中,分散劑亦可改良包含填料之所得TPU組成物之機械及光學性質。
在某些實施例中,可使用蠟作為分散劑。適用於所揭示TPU組成物中之蠟分散劑之非限制性實例包括:聚乙烯蠟、醯胺蠟及褐煤蠟。本文中所揭示的TPU組成物可包含醯胺蠟分散劑,諸如N,N-雙-硬脂基乙二胺。此種蠟分散劑之使用可增進TPU組成物之熱穩定性而對聚合物透明度影響很小。因此,所揭示TPU組成物中包含分散劑可具有至少以下期望的效應:(1)改良組成物及由其製成的物件之熱穩定性、及(2)適於下游處理(包括雷射焊接)之期望的光學性質。
根據一個實施例,所揭示的TPU組成物可進一步包含抗氧化劑。抗氧化劑可用於終止可由於各種氣候條件而發生之氧化反應,且/或可用於降低TPU組成物之降解。例如,由合成聚合物形成之物件在投入使用時可與大氣氧反應。此外,由合成聚合物形成之物件可由於游離基鏈反應而經歷自體氧化。氧源(例如,大氣氧(單獨或與游離基引發劑組合))可與包含於所揭示TPU組成物中之基質反應。此類反應可折損TPU組成物及由其製成的物件之完整性。因此,抗氧化劑之包含可改良TPU組成物之化學穩定性以及改良由其產生之物件之化學穩定性。
回應於吸收UV光而引起游離基引發之自體氧化,聚合物可經歷風化。此自體氧化可導致氫過氧化物及羰基化合物裂解。實施例TPU組成物可包括供氫抗氧化劑(AH),諸如位阻苯酚及二級芳族胺。此類AH添加劑可藉由與有機基質競爭過氧基而抑制TPU組成物之氧化。此種對環氧基之競爭可終止鏈反應且因此穩定或防止進一步之氧化反應。所揭示的TPU組成物中包含抗氧化劑可抑制游離基之形成。除了AH為光穩定劑外,AH在包含於所揭示的TPU組成物中時亦可提供熱穩定性。因此,某些實施例可包含增強暴露於UV光及熱之聚合物之穩定性之添加劑(例如AH)。因此,當在高溫條件下使用時,相對由不含抗氧化劑之TPU組成物產生之物件,由具有抗氧化劑之所揭示TPU組成物產生之物件可具耐候性且具有改良之功能及/或壽命。
根據一個實施例,所揭示的TPU組成物可進一步包含UV吸收劑。UV吸收劑藉由可逆分子內質子轉移反應將所吸收的UV輻射轉化成熱。在一些實施例中,UV吸收劑可吸收UV輻射,該輻射係以其他方式被TPU組成物所吸收。所致之TPU組成物吸收UV射線之減少可幫助減少TPU組成物之UV輻射引起之老化。非限制性實例UV吸收劑可包括針對於聚醯胺之乙二醯苯胺、針對於聚乙烯氯(PVC)之二苯甲酮、及針對於聚碳酸酯材料之苯并三唑及羥基苯基三嗪。在一個實施例中,2-(2'-羥基-3'-第二丁基-5'-第三丁基苯基)苯并三唑可針對於聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚縮醛、聚醯胺、TPU材料、基於苯乙烯之均聚物及共聚物提供UV光穩定。根據各種實施例,此等及其他UV吸收劑可改良所揭示TPU組成物及由其製造的物件之穩定性。
TPU組成物可進一步包含可防止或減慢TPU材料由於空氣中的臭氧氣體所致之降解(即,可減少臭氧裂化)之抗臭氧劑。抗臭氧劑之非限制性例示性實施例可包括:對苯二胺,諸如6PPP(N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N'-苯基-對苯二胺)或IPPD(N-異丙基-N'-苯基-對苯二胺);6-乙氧基-2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氫喹啉、(ETMQ)伸乙基雙脲(EDU)及可形成表面障壁之石蠟。根據各種實施例,此等及其他抗臭氧劑可改良所揭示TPU組成物及由其製造的物件之穩定性。
根據一個實施例,可如下製備實例混合物。起始材料可選擇為基於聚碳酸酯之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯。填料材料可選為以介於約3重量%與約10重量%之間的量包含之小直徑(如上所述)玻璃纖維。流動劑則可選擇為以介於約0.1重量%與約5重量%之間的量包含。在此實例中,流動劑可使用N,N'-1,2-乙烷二基雙十八醯胺及硬脂酸之混合物。熱穩定劑可選為以介於0.1重量%與約5重量%之間的量包含的季戊四醇肆(3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯)。然後,可將上述熱塑性混合物射出形成塊狀熱塑性棒,接著粒化以用於下游射出模製。 方法
所揭示的實施例提供用於產生TPU組成物之方法及製程。所揭示的方法可包括使包含醇(OH)及異氰酸酯(NCO)之預聚物單元反應(即,連接)以有效地「增長」且/或延伸聚合物鏈或主鏈。例如,在一個實施例中,TPU組成物可藉由使聚胺基甲酸酯預聚物與固化劑通常在約50℃至約150℃(例如)或約50℃至約100℃之溫度下反應來製備。在某些實施例中亦可採用在該等範圍外的溫度。
所揭示的TPU組成物可經熔化且(例如)藉由射出模製成型成所需形狀。所揭示的方法可進一步包括後固化步驟,該步驟包括在約50℃至約200℃或約100℃至約150℃之溫度下加熱TPU材料一段預定的時間。例如,可加熱TPU材料約1小時至約24小時。或者,多種方法可包括擠出步驟,其中後固化TPU組成物可在約150℃至約270℃或約190℃或更高之溫度下擠出,以使TPU組成物呈中間物形式。該中間物可適於下游處理以產生最終形式,諸如基於TPU之篩分元件。
所揭示的方法可包括多種額外處理操作。例如,所揭示的方法或製程可包括:使聚胺基甲酸酯預聚物與固化劑反應(即聚合);使聚胺基甲酸酯後固化;視需要研磨該材料以產生呈顆粒形式之後固化聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物;擠出該後固化且/或視需要粒化之聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物;然後視需要將擠出之TPU粒化。
在一個實施例中,TPU組成物可藉由將預聚物與固化劑在約50℃至約150℃之溫度下混合形成聚合物之製程來產生。該方法然後可包括將該聚合物在約50℃至約200℃之溫度下加熱約1至約24小時以獲得後固化聚合物。然後,該後固化聚合物可視需要經研磨以產生粒狀聚合物。視需要,該方法可進一步包括在擠出機中於約150℃或更高之溫度下處理後固化聚合物或粒狀聚合物以產生TPU組成物。其他操作可視需要包括將TPU組成物粒化,再使經粒化之TPU組成物熔化,然後擠出熔化之TPU組成物。
所揭示的方法可進一步產生含可選添加劑之TPU組成物。在一個實施例中,可選添加劑可包括抗氧化劑(包括酚類、亞磷酸鹽、硫酯及/或胺)、抗臭氧劑、熱穩定劑、惰性填料、潤滑劑、抑制劑、水解穩定劑、光穩定劑、位阻胺光穩定劑、UV吸收劑(例如苯并三唑)、熱穩定劑、防止變色之穩定劑、染料、顏料、無機及有機填料、有機硫化合物、熱穩定劑、增強劑及其組合。
所揭示的方法包括產生包含常用於各別添加劑之有效量之可選添加劑之TPU組成物。在各種實施例中,可將此類可選額外添加劑併入至TPU組成物製劑之組分或反應混合物中。在其他實施例中,可產生不含可選添加劑之基質TPU組成物並視需要進行處理。可選處理操作可包括研磨TPU材料以產生粒狀材料,或形成粉狀基質TPU組成物材料,然後在進一步處理前可接著混合可選添加劑。
在其他實施例中,包含基質TPU組成物及可選添加劑之粉狀混合物可經混合,熔化,及擠出以形成組成物。在其他實施例中,該TPU組成物可藉由反應性擠出製程來製備,其中將預聚物、固化劑及任何可選添加劑直接饋送至擠出機中,及然後混合,反應,且在高溫下擠出。此等調配操作之各種替代組合亦可用於各種實施例中。 製造物件
所揭示的實施例包括裝置、製造物件及使用TPU組成物產生的產品。非限制性實例實施例可包括塗料或添加劑及/或在澆鑄或擠出至模具中後於固化後具有預定三維結構之物件。所揭示的實施例提供可展現相較(例如)以天然及合成橡膠為主的其他材料明顯更高的承載性質之TPU組成物。
在各種實施例中,由所揭示的TPU組成物產生的物件可係熱穩定的。就此而言,雖然熱塑性塑膠大體上再熔化且再形成,由所揭示的TPU組成物製造的物件可展現針對於在比熔化溫度足夠低之溫度下由於熱應力所致之效應之抗性。例如,由所揭示的TPU組成物產生的物件在對應於工作條件之高溫條件(包括在約170℃至約200℃範圍內之溫度)下可保留其形狀(即,其可展現模量保留)。所揭示的TPU組成物可用於形成在高溫下可保留其結構、機械強度及總體性能之物件。
所揭示的TPU組成物在約160℃至約210℃之溫度範圍內可展現熱穩定性。實施例TPU組成物就在約170℃至約200℃範圍內的溫度而言亦可展現熱穩定性,然而,其他實施例就在約175℃至約195℃範圍內之溫度而言可展現熱穩定性。所揭示的實施例亦可提供就接近180℃之溫度而言可展現熱穩定性之TPU組成物。
所揭示的實施例包括相對已知之熱塑性組成物具有有利機械性質(如以耐切割/耐撕裂/耐磨損數據表徵)之TPU組成物。在某些實施例中,改良之性質可包括:更大的撕裂強度、在高溫下更佳的模量保留、低壓縮形變、隨時間且在暴露至有害環境後改良之物理性質之保留。某些實施例提供可具有改良之特徵(諸如優異之熱穩定性、耐磨損及耐化學性(例如,對油及脂))之組合之TPU組成物。在某些實施例中,由所揭示的TPU組成物產生的物件可具有為石油、天然氣、化學、採礦、汽車及其他工業高度期望之特徵。
在一個例示性實施例中,可將呈集結粒形式提供的實例TPU組成物裝載至射出壓製機的圓筒中。一旦裝載至圓筒中,可加熱集結粒一段時間以藉此熔化TPU組成物材料。然後,射出壓製機可以預定射出速率擠出熔化的例示性TPU組成物材料至模穴中。射出壓製機可經配接而包括經結構設計以達成所需射出輸出之專用尖嘴及/或噴嘴。
各種參數可經控制或調整以達成所需結果。此等參數可包括(但不限於)料筒溫度、噴嘴溫度、模具溫度、射出壓力、射出速度、射出時間、冷卻溫度及冷卻時間。
在一個實施例方法中,射出模製裝置之料筒溫度可選擇為約148℃至約260℃、約176℃至約233℃、約204℃至約233℃、約210℃至約227℃及約215℃至約235℃範圍內。射出模製裝置之噴嘴溫度可選擇為約204℃至約260℃、約218℃至約246℃、約234℃至頁238℃及約229℃至約235℃範圍內。
在一個實施例方法中,射出模製裝置之射出壓力可選擇為約400 PSI至約900 PSI、約500 PSI至約700 PSI、約600 PSI至約700 PSI及約620 PSI至約675 PSI範圍內。射出模製裝置之射出速度可選擇為約1.0立方吋/秒至約3.0立方吋/秒、約1.5至約2.5立方吋/秒、約1.75立方吋/秒至約2.5立方吋/秒及約2.1立方吋/秒至約2.4立方吋/秒範圍內。
在一種實施例方法中,射出時間可選擇為約0.25秒至約3.00秒、約0.50秒至約2.50秒、約0.75秒至約2.00秒及約1.00秒至約1.80秒範圍內。除此之外,射出時間可經調整以包括「停駐(hold)」一段特定時間,在此期間,其中射出停止。停駐時間可係任何特定時間。在一個例示性實施例中,停駐時間可在0.10秒至10.0分鐘範圍內。其他停駐時間可用於其他實施例中。
在一種實施例方法中,模具溫度可選擇為約37℃至約94℃、約43℃至約66℃及約49℃至約60℃範圍內。可逐漸地降低冷卻溫度以控制所揭示的TPU組成物之固化。該溫度可在一段時間內逐漸地從模具溫度的溫度降至環境溫度的溫度。冷卻時間段可選擇為在幾秒至幾小時範圍內的實質上任何時間段。在一個實施例中,冷卻時間段可在約0.1分鐘至約10分鐘範圍內。
隨後的方法描述基於所揭示的TPU組成物產生篩分部件之射出模製製程。如上所述,TPU組成物可呈TPU集結粒形成。可先將TPU組成物材料射出至經設計以產生篩分部件之模具中。然後,可將TPU組成物加熱至適於射出模製之溫度以藉此熔化TPU材料。可接著將熔化的TPU材料裝載至射出模製機器中。在一個實施例中,模具可係雙穴篩分部件模具。然後,可容許裝納經射出之熔化TPU材料之模具冷卻。冷卻後,TPU材料固化成由模具限定的篩分部件形狀。可接著自模具移去所得篩分部件以用於進一步處理。適宜組成物之開發
上述實施例提供表現於各種元件領域中之TPU組成物。改良之材料係藉由改變TPU材料之組成及填料、流動劑及其他添加劑之百分比獲得。篩分部件係利用射出模製製程,基於各種組成物來產生。將該等篩分部件連接至次網格結構且組裝成用於現場測試應用中之大面積篩分總成。
圖4說明根據所揭示的實施例之由如上文參考圖1至3A所述之篩分部件及次網格結構產生之實例篩分總成。
圖5說明根據一個實施例之篩分總成之實際現場測試的結果。圖5中呈現的數據表示測試實施例篩分總成篩分在延伸至至少約100,000呎±5,000呎的深度進行石油及天然氣勘探期間產生之材料之結果。最佳性能之組成物BB具有約7%的玻璃纖維(10 µm直徑)含量,然而,接近最好性能之組成物BA具有約5%之玻璃纖維(10 µm直徑)含量。各組成物亦具有約0.5%之流動劑含量及約1.5%之熱穩定劑含量。篩分元件表面元件84(例如,參見圖2)在結果呈現於圖5中之所有測試中,具有約0.014吋的厚度T。
在額外實施例中,產生具有具有較小厚度(包括T = 0.007吋、0.005吋及0.03吋)之表面元件84之篩分部件。就此等實施例而言,有利地使用較低濃度之填料、流動劑及熱穩定劑(如下表中所顯示)。
前面已描述實例實施例。然而,此等實例實施例不應解釋為具限制性。就此而言,可在不脫離其更寬廣精神及範疇下對此等實例實施進行各種修改及變化。因此,本說明書及圖示應視為闡述性而非限制性意義。
13‧‧‧篩表面
20‧‧‧末端部分
22‧‧‧側邊部分
28‧‧‧第一篩元件支撐部件
30‧‧‧第二篩元件支撐部件
32‧‧‧第一系列之強化部件
34‧‧‧第二系列之強化部件
84‧‧‧固體表面元件
86‧‧‧篩分開孔
414‧‧‧次網格結構/次網格/次網格單元
416‧‧‧篩元件
424‧‧‧定位孔隙
444‧‧‧長形連接部件
470‧‧‧錐形沉孔
472‧‧‧黏著配置/腔袋
476‧‧‧融合棒
478‧‧‧融合棒
圖1為根據一個實施例之篩元件之等角俯視圖。
圖1A為根據一個實施例之圖1所顯示篩元件之俯視圖。
圖1B為根據一個實施例之圖1所顯示篩元件之等角仰視圖。
圖1C為根據一個實施例之圖1所顯示篩元件之仰視圖。
圖2為根據一個實施例之圖1所顯示篩元件之破口部分(break out portion)之俯視放大圖。
圖3為根據一個實施例之在連接至末端次網格前顯示篩元件之末端次網格之等角視圖。
圖3A為根據一個實施例之圖3所顯示之與篩元件連接之末端次網格之等角分解圖。
圖4說明根據一個實施例之藉由如下文參考圖1至3A所述之篩分部件及次網格結構產生之實例篩分總成。
圖5說明根據一個實施例之篩分總成之實際現場測試結果。
Claims (49)
- 一種組成物,其包含: 熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯, 經選擇以使組成物之耐熱性最佳化之熱穩定劑, 經選擇以將組成物於射出模製中之用途最佳化之流動劑,及 填料,該填料包括玻璃纖維,其中該等玻璃纖維少於熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的約10重量%。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維少於熱塑性胺基甲酸酯的約7重量%。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維少於熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的約5重量%。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維少於熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的約3重量%。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯係由低游離異氰酸酯單體預聚物製成。
- 如請求項5之組成物,其中該低游離異氰酸酯單體預聚物為對伸苯基二異氰酸酯。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯係藉由以下製程來獲得:其中藉由使具有小於1重量%之游離聚異氰酸酯單體含量之胺基甲酸酯預聚物與固化劑反應製得的熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物係藉由在150℃或更高之溫度下擠出熱處理。
- 如請求項7之組成物,其中該胺基甲酸酯預聚物係自聚異氰酸酯單體及多元醇(包括烷二醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己酸內酯多元醇及/或聚碳酸酯多元醇)進行製備,且固化劑包括二醇、三醇、四醇、伸烷基多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己酸內酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、二胺或二胺衍生物。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該熱穩定劑為熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的約0.1重量%至約5重量%。
- 如請求項9之組成物,其中該熱穩定劑包括空間位阻酚系抗氧化劑。
- 如請求項10之組成物,其中該空間位阻酚系抗氧化劑為季戊四醇肆(3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯)(CAS登錄號碼6683-19-8)。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該流動劑為熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的約0.1重量%至約5重量%。
- 如請求項12之組成物,其中該流動劑包括伸乙基硬脂醯胺蠟。
- 如請求項13之組成物,其中該伸乙基硬脂醯胺蠟包括N,N'-1,2-乙烷二基雙十八醯胺(CAS登錄號碼110-30-5)及硬脂酸(CAS登錄號碼57-11-4)。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維具有小於約20 µm之直徑或寬度。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維具有介於約9與約13 µm之間之直徑或寬度。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維具有小於約3.4 mm之初始長度。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維具有介於約3.1 mm與約3.2 mm之間之初始長度。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該等在射出模製後呈硬化狀態之玻璃纖維具有小於約1.5 mm之平均長度。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該等在射出模製後呈硬化狀態之玻璃纖維具有介於約1.0 mm與約3.2 mm之間之長度分佈。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其進一步包括紫外光穩定劑。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中由該組成物模製的製造物件為可雷射焊接之物件。
- 一種製造適用於射出模製具有細小孔隙之製造物件中之組成物之方法,其包括: 使熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯、熱穩定劑、流動劑及填料在大於約150℃之溫度下反應以製造熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物, 該填料包括玻璃纖維,其中該等暴露纖維少於熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的約10重量%。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維少於熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的約7重量%。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維少於熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的約5重量%。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維少於熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的約3重量%。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯係由低游離異氰酸酯單體預聚物製成。
- 如請求項27之組成物,其中該低游離異氰酸酯單體預聚物為對伸苯基二異氰酸酯。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯係藉由以下之製程來獲得:其中藉由使具有小於1重量%之游離聚異氰酸酯單體含量之胺基甲酸酯預聚物與固化劑反應製得的熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物係藉由在150℃或更高之溫度下擠出熱處理。
- 如請求項29之組成物,其中該胺基甲酸酯預聚物係自聚異氰酸酯單體及多元醇(包括烷二醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己酸內酯多元醇及/或聚碳酸酯多元醇)進行製備,且固化劑包括二醇、三醇、四醇、伸烷基多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己酸內酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、二胺或二胺衍生物。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該熱穩定劑為熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的約0.1重量%至約5重量%。
- 如請求項31之組成物,其中該熱穩定劑包括空間位阻酚系抗氧化劑。
- 如請求項32之組成物,其中該空間位阻酚系抗氧化劑為季戊四醇肆(3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯)(CAS登錄號碼6683-19-8)。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該流動劑為熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的約0.1重量%至約5重量%。
- 如請求項34之組成物,其中該流動劑包括伸乙基硬脂醯胺蠟。
- 如請求項35之組成物,其中該伸乙基硬脂醯胺蠟包括N,N'-1,2-乙烷二基雙十八醯胺(CAS登錄號碼110-30-5)及硬脂酸(CAS登錄號碼57-11-4)。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維具有小於約20 µm之直徑或寬度。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維具有介於約9至約13 µm之間之直徑或寬度。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維具有小於約3.4 mm之初始長度。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該等玻璃纖維具有介於約3.1 mm至約3.2 mm之間之初始長度。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該等在射出模製後呈硬化狀態之玻璃纖維具有小於約1.5 mm之平均長度。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中該等在射出模製後呈硬化狀態之玻璃纖維具有介於約1.0 mm至約3.2 mm之間之長度分佈。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其進一步包含紫外光穩定劑。
- 如請求項23之組成物,其中由該組成物模製之製造物件為可雷射焊接之物件。
- 一種製造用於振動式搖動篩之篩分部件之方法,其包括: 使熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯、熱穩定劑、流動劑及玻璃纖維填料在大於約150℃之溫度下反應以製備熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物; 提供篩分部件之模具; 將所製備的熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物引入至用於篩分部件之模具中以由此形成篩分部件;及 自用於篩分部件之模具移去該篩分部件,該篩分部件具有大量的約38 µm至約150 µm之開孔。
- 如請求項45之方法,其中該模具為射出模具。
- 如請求項45之方法,其中該篩分部件在高達約38℃至94℃之溫度下可有效篩分顆粒。
- 一用於振動式篩分機器之篩分部件,其包括: 藉由如請求項1之組成物射出模製之篩分部件,及 具有約38 µm至約150 µm之開孔之篩分部件。
- 如請求項48之篩分部件,其中該篩分部件在高達約37℃至94℃之溫度下可有效篩分顆粒。
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-
2018
- 2018-04-27 GB GB1916470.6A patent/GB2575613A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-04-27 AU AU2018260541A patent/AU2018260541A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-04-27 US US15/965,363 patent/US11203678B2/en active Active
- 2018-04-27 MX MX2019012763A patent/MX2019012763A/es unknown
- 2018-04-27 CA CA3060677A patent/CA3060677C/en active Active
- 2018-04-27 WO PCT/US2018/029944 patent/WO2018201043A2/en active Application Filing
- 2018-04-27 BR BR112019022586-2A patent/BR112019022586B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2018-04-27 PE PE2019002138A patent/PE20200680A1/es unknown
- 2018-04-27 CN CN201880028234.3A patent/CN110691821A/zh active Pending
- 2018-04-27 EP EP18790098.0A patent/EP3615612A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-04-27 CN CN202310086236.0A patent/CN116273870A/zh active Pending
- 2018-04-30 TW TW107114697A patent/TW201843236A/zh unknown
-
2019
- 2019-10-24 SA SA519410384A patent/SA519410384B1/ar unknown
- 2019-10-25 CO CONC2019/0011855A patent/CO2019011855A2/es unknown
- 2019-10-25 CL CL2019003079A patent/CL2019003079A1/es unknown
-
2021
- 2021-12-20 US US17/556,664 patent/US20220112359A1/en active Pending
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BR112019022586B1 (pt) | 2022-03-22 |
SA519410384B1 (ar) | 2022-10-23 |
CN116273870A (zh) | 2023-06-23 |
EP3615612A2 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
US20180312667A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
AU2018260541A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
WO2018201043A3 (en) | 2019-04-11 |
GB2575613A (en) | 2020-01-15 |
CA3060677A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
CA3060677C (en) | 2022-12-06 |
CL2019003079A1 (es) | 2020-02-07 |
PE20200680A1 (es) | 2020-06-11 |
GB201916470D0 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
MX2019012763A (es) | 2019-12-16 |
BR112019022586A2 (pt) | 2020-05-19 |
CN110691821A (zh) | 2020-01-14 |
US20220112359A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
WO2018201043A2 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
EP3615612A4 (en) | 2020-12-02 |
CO2019011855A2 (es) | 2020-04-01 |
US11203678B2 (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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