CN110583268A - Grafting method of sandzone woody oil shrub longstalck peaches - Google Patents
Grafting method of sandzone woody oil shrub longstalck peaches Download PDFInfo
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- CN110583268A CN110583268A CN201910964131.4A CN201910964131A CN110583268A CN 110583268 A CN110583268 A CN 110583268A CN 201910964131 A CN201910964131 A CN 201910964131A CN 110583268 A CN110583268 A CN 110583268A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grafting long-handled almond tree in woody oil shrubs in sandy areas, which is based on the conventional nursery stock breeding technology of the long-handled almond tree and adopts the scientific principle of vegetative propagation, and provides a method for breeding a good variety of the long-handled almond tree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for grafting amygdalus pedunculata pall made of woody oil shrubs in sand areas.
Background
Amygdalus pedunculata Pall, a difficult species of woody oil shrubs, is a species of Amygdalus pedunculata. The longstalck peach kernel is determined to contain 18 kinds of amino acids in plant, and the total amino acid content is 21.19%, 8 kinds of essential amino acids incapable of being synthesized by human body. The Amygdalus pedunculatus pall oil also contains bioactive substances such as polyphenol, nervonic acid and squalene. Around the development and research of the high added value of the seeds of the longstalck peaches, products such as high-grade edible oil of the longstalck peaches, biodiesel, amygdalin, protein powder, active carbon and the like are developed, the comprehensive high-value utilization of the longstalck peaches is realized, and reliable technical support is provided for the industrialization and sustainable development of desert control.
The seed shells of the longstalck peaches are thick and hard, the water absorption is poor, the self germination and seedling difficulty is high, and the seeds can germinate and grow seedlings only after being treated by methods such as soaking, sand storage, stratification, germination acceleration and the like. And the influence of the interference of external environmental factors on the seedlings for seed sowing and breeding is large, the variation probability is high, and the characters of the female parent of the fine variety are not easy to maintain.
Therefore, in order to maintain the excellent characters of the long-stalk almond female parent, the long-stalk almond female parent is bred by a grafting mode. The hereditary property of the obtained nursery stock is basically consistent with that of the parent plant, and the individual development stage of the new grafted plant is continued on the basis of the parent development, thus spanning the physiological development stage of seeding and propagation and achieving the purposes of early flowering and fructification.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a method for grafting amygdalus pedunculata pall from woody oil shrubs in sand areas.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a superior tree: selecting natural longstalck peaches with excellent variety, strong tree body, good tree shape and strong growth vigor according to the purpose and the requirement of grafting, and marking the natural longstalck peaches with brands to collect scions when grafting;
(2) selecting the rootstock: selecting strong and healthy longstalck peaches growing in 2-4 years of age as stock;
(3) selection of scions: selecting high-quality and high-yield lateral branches of a long-stalk amygdalus mongholicus stock plant from the selected superior trees, wherein the annual lignified branches have no plant diseases and insect pests, full terminal buds, robust branches and uniform branch growth;
(4) preparation work before grafting: preparing the following products before grafting, and preparing for use during grafting; plastic strips, single-sided or double-sided blades, medical alcohol, medical adhesive tape, absorbent cotton, pruning shears and small barrels;
(5) grafting:
the grafting method comprises the following steps: adopting a cleft grafting method;
the scion treatment method comprises the following steps: after the scions are collected, selecting branches with plump top buds, robustness, no germination, no dehydration and good growth, and putting the branches into small barrels; and (3) during grafting, the thickness of the scion is 2/3-equal to that of the main branch of the stock, the scion is 8-10 cm long, 3-5 buds are reserved, the scion is gently cut into a wedge shape by a grafting blade from the position where the upper end buds are reserved to about 1.0cm below the position, the sections on two sides are uniform, the cut surfaces are smooth, and the grafting is finished once.
The rootstock treatment method comprises the following steps: selecting a stock, determining a grafting part, cutting off branches which are not suitable for grafting above the grafting part of the stock, slightly splitting the branches from the middle of the grafting part of the stock, and vertically splitting the branches downwards from top to bottom to form a cut with the depth of 1-1.5 cm.
The binding method comprises the following steps: inserting the cut scion into a cut of the stock, aligning a scion interface with two sides of the stock cut, aligning one side of the scion with the stock interface if the width of the scion cut and the width of the stock interface are unequal, performing spiral binding from a position about 1.0cm below the stock cut by using a plastic strip with strong flexibility until the position is wound to a position 1-1.5cm above the interface, and winding for two more circles to tie a knot; the incision is sealed completely during binding, so that rainwater, air and dust are prevented from entering.
(6) Cutting and loosening the anvil: the stock cutting is generally carried out in the second year after the successful grafting and before a new bud; the method comprises the following specific steps: only the grafting scion is reserved, and the newly germinated non-grafted branches on the main branch of the stock are all trimmed, so that the top advantage of the main branch of the stock is converted into the top advantage of the scion, sufficient nutrition and moisture supply is guaranteed, the rapid growth of the scion is facilitated, and the whole plant trunk is formed; after the stock shearing is finished, loosely binding all the grafted plants so as to avoid influencing the normal thickening growth of the nursery stocks; when the plastic strips are loosely bound, the grafting parts cannot be scratched by a blade so as to avoid new wounds, and the plastic strips are loosened circle by circle in a manual mode.
(7) Seedling stage management: before and after grafting, the stock seedlings need to be thoroughly irrigated, and the soil water content required by plant growth is ensured. During the normal growth period of the nursery stock, targeted fertilization and shaping pruning are carried out according to the nutrient requirement in the growth stage.
Preferably, the thickness of the grafting part of the scion in the step (3) is more than 0.8 cm. The length of the plastic strip in the step (4) is 30-35 cm, and the width of the plastic strip is 1.2-1.4 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a method for grafting amygdalus pedunculata pall in woody oil shrubs in sandy areas, which is based on the existing amygdalus pedunculata pall seedling breeding technology and adopts the scientific principle of asexual propagation to provide a method for breeding excellent varieties of amygdalus pedunculata pall, thereby greatly improving the breeding capability and the breeding technology of the excellent varieties of amygdalus pedunculata pall, ensuring the excellent characters of the excellent varieties of amygdalus pedunculata pall, reducing the breeding cost, shortening the breeding time and the garden building period, achieving the purposes of high quality and high yield, and realizing the ecological, economic and social benefits of planting the excellent varieties of amygdalus pedunculata.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below:
(1) selecting a superior tree: according to the purpose and the requirement of grafting, selecting natural long-stalk almond with excellent variety, strong tree body, good tree shape and strong growth vigor, and marking the almond with a tag so as to collect scions when grafting.
(2) Selecting the rootstock: selecting strong and strong longstalck peaches with no plant diseases and insect pests as stocks when the trees are 2-4 years old.
(3) Selection of scions: selecting high-quality and high-yield lateral branches of a long-stem almond stock plant from the selected superior trees, selecting annual lignified tender branches which have no plant diseases and insect pests, full terminal buds, strong branches and uniform branch growth, wherein the thickness of a grafting part of a scion is more than 0.8cm, and the grafting part is too thin and is not easy to operate.
(4) Preparation work before grafting: the following articles should be prepared before grafting and used in preparation for grafting. The plastic strip (agricultural elastic film) is 30-35 cm long, 1.2-1.4 cm wide, and comprises a single-sided or double-sided blade, medical alcohol, medical adhesive tape, absorbent cotton, pruning shears and a small bucket.
(5) Grafting
The grafting method comprises the following steps: the cleft grafting method is adopted.
The scion treatment method comprises the following steps: after the scions are collected, branches with full and robust terminal buds, no germination, no dehydration and good growth are selected and placed into small barrels.
And (3) during grafting, the thickness of the scion is 2/3-equal to that of the main branch of the stock, the scion is 8-10 cm long, 3-5 buds are reserved, the scion is gently cut into a wedge shape by a grafting blade from the position where the upper end buds are reserved to about 1.0cm below the position, the sections on two sides are uniform, the cut surfaces are smooth, and the grafting is finished once.
The rootstock treatment method comprises the following steps: selecting a stock, determining a grafting part, cutting off branches which are not suitable for grafting above the grafting part, slightly splitting from the middle of the grafting part of the stock, and vertically splitting a notch with the depth of 1-1.5cm from top to bottom.
The binding method comprises the following steps: inserting the cut scion into a cut of the stock, aligning a scion interface with two sides of the cut of the stock, aligning one side of the scion with the stock interface if the width of the scion is not equal to that of the stock interface, enabling the scion to be close to the stock, spirally binding the scion from a position about 1.0cm below the cut of the stock by using a plastic strip with strong flexibility, winding the scion to a position 1-1.5cm above the interface, winding for two circles again, and tying a knot. The incision is sealed completely during binding, so that rainwater, air and dust are prevented from entering.
(6) Cutting and loosening the anvil: the stock cutting is generally carried out in the second year after the successful grafting and before the new bud. The method comprises the following specific steps: only the grafted scion is reserved, and the newly germinated non-grafted branches on the main branch of the stock are all trimmed, so that the top advantage of the main branch of the stock is converted into the top advantage of the scion, sufficient nutrition and moisture supply is guaranteed, the rapid growth of the scion is facilitated, and the whole plant trunk is formed.
And after the stock shearing is finished, loosely binding all the grafted plants so as to avoid influencing the normal thickening growth of the seedlings. When the plastic strips are loosely bound, the grafting parts cannot be cut by a blade, so that new wounds are avoided, and the plastic strips are loosened circle by circle in a manual mode.
(7) Seedling stage management: before and after grafting, the stock seedlings need to be thoroughly irrigated, and the soil water content required by plant growth is ensured. During the normal growth period of the nursery stock, targeted fertilization and shaping pruning are carried out according to the nutrient requirement in the growth stage.
Amygdalus pedunculata, also called wild cherry, is deciduous shrub of Prunus of Rosaceae, and has the excellent characteristics of wide application range, high drought and barren resistance, sand fixation, strong wind erosion resistance and the like. Is a good woody oil shrub suitable for sand cultivation and used for controlling deserts and developing novel edible vegetable oil. The method is mainly distributed in mountainous regions and desert regions in dry early and semi-arid regions in northwest of China, wherein wave supplementing rivers and villages in elm positive regions in elm forest city of shanxi province and town ugugly ditches in polyamide world of shenmu city are distributed more intensively.
After long-term research and analysis on the kernel components of the longstalck peaches, the longstalck peaches have the following excellent characteristics:
the longstalck peaches are woody oil tree species with extremely high economic value. The oil content of the nutlet is up to 45-55.8% by determination, wherein the content of unsaturated fatty acid in the oil is up to 98.1%, which is the first of all reported contents of unsaturated fatty acid in edible oil. The proportion of the contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid is equivalent to that of olive oil, and is superior to edible oil such as walnut oil, peanut oil and the like. Thus being an excellent raw material for producing high-grade edible oil, biodiesel and base oil of cosmetics. The content of vitamin E in the Amygdalus pedunculata pall oil is also rich, reaches 528.9mg/kg, and has good oxidation resistance, high temperature cooking resistance and long-term storage. Researches show that the Amygdalus pedunculatus pall oil also contains bioactive substances such as polyphenol, nervonic acid, squalene and the like, and can be used for developing high-grade edible oil.
② is a good medicinal plant. The kernel contains 3.2% of amygdalin and 21.4% of crude protein, the protein powder is a high protein resource, 8 amino acids of 18 amino acids are essential for human body but can not be synthesized by self and have special functions, and the protein powder is an important raw material in the industries of medicine, health care, beauty treatment and the like. Is rich in 12 trace elements such as Ca, K, Fe, Zn, Mg and the like. Therefore, the product is a natural health food and can be processed into edible protein powder and functional food with high nutritive value.
The excellent wind-proof sand-fixing tree species has developed root system, wide application range, long growth period, cold resistance, drought resistance and extremely strong viability. Can protect soil, fix sand, prevent sand storm, and accelerate the reversion process of desertification and desertification land.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A method for grafting amygdalus pedunculata pall from woody oil shrubs in sand areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a superior tree: selecting natural longstalck peaches with excellent variety, strong tree body, good tree shape and strong growth vigor according to the purpose and the requirement of grafting, and marking the natural longstalck peaches with brands to collect scions when grafting;
(2) selecting the rootstock: selecting strong and healthy longstalck peaches growing in 2-4 years of age as stock;
(3) selection of scions: selecting high-quality and high-yield lateral branches of a long-stalk amygdalus mongholicus stock plant from the selected superior trees, wherein the annual lignified branches have no plant diseases and insect pests, full terminal buds, robust branches and uniform branch growth;
(4) preparation work before grafting: preparing the following products before grafting, and preparing for use during grafting; plastic strips, a single-sided or double-sided blade, medical alcohol, medical adhesive tape, absorbent cotton, pruning shears and a small bucket;
(5) grafting:
the grafting method comprises the following steps: adopting a cleft grafting method;
the scion treatment method comprises the following steps: after the scions are collected, selecting branches with plump top buds, robustness, no germination, no dehydration and good growth, and putting the branches into small barrels; the thickness of the scion is 2/3 to equal thickness of the main branch of the stock during grafting, the length of the scion is 8-10 cm, 3-5 buds are reserved, a grafting blade is used for gently cutting the scion from the position where the upper end buds are reserved to a wedge shape about 1.0cm below the position, the sections on two sides are uniform, the cut surfaces are smooth, and the process is finished once;
the rootstock treatment method comprises the following steps: selecting a stock, determining a part to be grafted, cutting off branches which are not suitable for grafting above the grafting part of the stock, slightly splitting the branches from the middle of the grafting part of the stock, and vertically splitting the branches downwards from top to bottom to form a cut with the depth of 1-1.5 cm;
the binding method comprises the following steps: inserting the cut scion into a cut of the stock, aligning a scion interface with two sides of the cut of the stock, aligning one side of the scion with the stock interface if the width of the scion is not equal to that of the stock interface, enabling the scion to be close to the stock, carrying out spiral binding by using a plastic strip with strong flexibility from a position about 1.0cm below the cut of the stock until the scion is wound to a position 1-1.5cm above the interface, winding for two circles for more, and tying a knot; the cut is completely sealed during binding, so that rainwater, air and dust are prevented from entering;
(6) cutting and loosening the anvil: the stock cutting is generally carried out in the second year after the successful grafting and before a new bud; the method comprises the following specific steps: only the grafted scion is reserved, and the newly germinated non-grafted branches on the main branch of the stock are all trimmed, so that the top advantages of the main branch of the stock are converted into the top advantages of the scion, sufficient nutrition and moisture supply is guaranteed, the rapid growth of the scion is facilitated, and the whole plant trunk is formed; after the stock shearing is finished, loosely binding all the grafted plants so as to avoid influencing the normal thickening growth of the nursery stocks; when the binding is loose, the grafting part cannot be cut by a blade so as to avoid new wounds, and the plastic strips are loosened circle by circle in a manual mode;
(7) seedling stage management: thoroughly irrigating stock seedlings before and after grafting to ensure the soil water content required by plant growth; during the normal growth period of the nursery stock, targeted fertilization and shaping pruning are carried out according to the nutrient requirement in the growth stage.
2. The method for grafting amygdalus mongolica as a sand area woody oil shrub long-handled as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the grafting part of the scion in the step (3) reaches more than 0.8 cm.
3. The method for grafting amygdalus mongolica as a sand area woody oil shrub long-handled as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the length of the plastic strip in the step (4) is 30-35 cm, and the width of the plastic strip is 1.2-1.4 cm.
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101461319A (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2009-06-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Rapid seedling growing method for longstalck peaches |
| CN101485274A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2009-07-22 | 神木县生态保护建设协会 | Application of Amygdalus pedunculata in sand control and sand stabilization |
| CN106718738A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-31 | 王建新 | A kind of high yield and high quality anti-Amygdalus pedunculata asexual reproduction method high |
| CN106962100A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-07-21 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | A kind of forest planting method for extending the Amygdalus pedunculata afforestation phase |
| CN109526670A (en) * | 2019-01-26 | 2019-03-29 | 陕西省治沙研究所 | A kind of Amygdalus pedunculata seedlings autumn transplantation method |
| CN109618594A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-16 | 陕西省治沙研究所 | A kind of Amygdalus pedunculata seed Sand culture germination accelerating method |
| CN109729860A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-10 | 陕西省治沙研究所 | A kind of different anvil grafting of tender branch method of Zhangwu pine |
-
2019
- 2019-10-11 CN CN201910964131.4A patent/CN110583268A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101461319A (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2009-06-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Rapid seedling growing method for longstalck peaches |
| CN101485274A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2009-07-22 | 神木县生态保护建设协会 | Application of Amygdalus pedunculata in sand control and sand stabilization |
| CN106718738A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-31 | 王建新 | A kind of high yield and high quality anti-Amygdalus pedunculata asexual reproduction method high |
| CN106962100A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-07-21 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | A kind of forest planting method for extending the Amygdalus pedunculata afforestation phase |
| CN109618594A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-16 | 陕西省治沙研究所 | A kind of Amygdalus pedunculata seed Sand culture germination accelerating method |
| CN109526670A (en) * | 2019-01-26 | 2019-03-29 | 陕西省治沙研究所 | A kind of Amygdalus pedunculata seedlings autumn transplantation method |
| CN109729860A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-10 | 陕西省治沙研究所 | A kind of different anvil grafting of tender branch method of Zhangwu pine |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 张楚婕等: "野扁桃嫁接繁殖试验研究 ", 《新疆农业科学》 * |
| 秦晋陇: "扁桃的嫁接方法 ", 《科学种养》 * |
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