CN110582393B - 用于焊接的方法 - Google Patents

用于焊接的方法 Download PDF

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CN110582393B
CN110582393B CN201880029213.3A CN201880029213A CN110582393B CN 110582393 B CN110582393 B CN 110582393B CN 201880029213 A CN201880029213 A CN 201880029213A CN 110582393 B CN110582393 B CN 110582393B
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hose
hose end
protective layer
welding
joint
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CN110582393A (zh
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P.马特费尔德
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Tpu Plath LLC
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Tpu Plath LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345—Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • B29C66/3452—Making complete joints by combining partial joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4895—Solvent bonding, i.e. the surfaces of the parts to be joined being treated with solvents, swelling or softening agents, without adhesives
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    • B29C66/004—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/3062—Applying a mark during joining in the form of letters or numbers
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    • B29C66/3062—Applying a mark during joining in the form of letters or numbers
    • B29C66/30621—Applying a mark during joining in the form of letters or numbers in the form of letters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B29C66/52211—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other for making endless tubular articles, e.g. endless inner tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在接合处将第一软管端部与第二软管端部在焊缝中焊接的方法，所述焊缝在第一软管端部的周长上环绕，其中，首先在接头处在第一软管端部(5)中施加保护层(7)，随后第二软管端部(9)超出接合处地被移动到第一软管端部(5)上，并且最后将软管端部(5、9)在接合处在两个待相向导引的夹爪(10)之间扁平地挤压在一起并且以该形态焊接，其中，保护层(7)阻止焊接第一软管端部(5)的内侧。为了改进软管连接的密封性而建议，将保护层(7)施加在第一软管端部(5)的内侧(6)。

Description

用于焊接的方法
本发明涉及一种用于在接合处将第一软管端部与第二软管端部在焊缝中焊接的方法，所述焊缝沿第一软管端部的周向环绕，其中，首先在接合处在第一软管端部中施加保护层，随后第二软管端部超过接合处地被移动到第一软管端部上，并且最后将软管端部在接合处在两个待相向导引的夹爪之间扁平地挤压在一起，并且以该形态焊接，其中，施加在第一软管端部的内侧上的保护层阻止对第一软管端部的内侧的焊接。
US 6,540,859 B1公开了一种用于拼接水管的方法。在软管的扁平地挤压在一起的情况下，在横截面的两个端部上形成所谓的“猫眼”：软管在很小的周向部分中偏转180°，其中，外侧被拉伸，并且内侧被压缩。在打开软管时，内侧相应被拉伸。由此会削弱在该位置中安置的焊缝。
US 6,090,233 A和WO 97/06954 A1在本发明的背景中建议，为了焊接水管的两个软管端部，将由淀粉、蜡纸、玻璃纤维、棉花、羊毛、石棉或
Figure GDA0003159941020000011
(特氟龙)制成的扁平的隔热罩作为保护层置入内部的软管端部中。以已知的方法在软管端部实现的焊接具有在隔热罩的两个侧向的边缘上的不密封性。
在本发明的另外的背景下，US 2,623,571 A公开了一种用于制造车轮的充气软管的方法，其中，两个端部锥形地或与之匹配地漏斗形地被斜切并且焊接。
技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，改进软管连接的密封性。
解决方案
从已知的方法出发，根据本发明建议，所述软管端部当在两个第一局部焊缝中的焊接之后首先弄直(aufgerichtet)，并且随后横向于第一局部焊缝地重新扁平地挤压在一起，并且在两个另外的局部焊缝中焊接，其中，所述第一局部焊缝和所述另外的局部焊缝形成所述焊缝。两步骤式的焊接避免在“猫眼”处的削弱。因此尤其在软管端部的更大的壁厚的情况下进一步提高密封性。
优选地，在这种方法中，第一局部焊缝和另外的局部焊缝覆盖周长的不同的部分。在焊接的同时，可以在第二软管端部上施加文字或其他标记。标记的大小受到夹爪的大小、即相应的局部焊缝的大小的限制。在两个步骤中利用不同长度的局部焊缝的非对称的焊接(同时也利用更长的局部焊缝)能够实现在软管端部上的更大的标记。
优选地，第一局部焊缝和第二局部焊缝相叠。因此避免第一和第二局部焊缝之间的空隙。进一步优选地，第一和第二局部焊缝总计覆盖周长的最多120％。
优选地，更长的夹爪和因此更长的局部焊缝覆盖周长的至少60％。进一步优选，更长的夹爪覆盖周长的不大于80％，以便避免在“猫眼”中对挤出产品造成过度的机械负载和可能的损坏。
保护层可以在根据本发明的方法中被局限于一半的周长上。然而为了避免对内侧的焊接，必须在置入两个夹爪之间时考虑到保护层在周长上的位置。
优选地，在根据本发明的方法中，第一软管端部和/或第二软管端部由热塑性的聚氨酯构成。热塑性的聚氨酯(TPU)特别适用于挤出成型。根据本发明的方法尤其也可以用于将TPU软管无毛刺地与由其他的热塑性塑料(例如PVC)制成的软管焊接。
优选地，在根据本发明的方法中热焊接软管端部。尤其是借助高频、借助激光或借助电子束实施热焊接方法，即待焊接的表面被加热到使其相互流动并且形成材料整体的方法。备选地，软管端部也可以以化学方式被焊接，尤其是通过暂时溶解待焊接的表面被焊接。
优选地，在根据本发明的方法中，夹爪是透明的。透明的夹爪对于激光或电子束来说是可穿过的。
优选地，在根据本发明的方法中，利用辊子将保护层施加到内侧。备选地，保护层可以以其他方式施加、例如喷涂或喷射到内侧。此外备选地，保护层可以松散地放置到内侧。
优选地，在根据本发明的方法中，在焊接之前固化保护层。备选地，保护层可以由在应用时已经固化的材料构成。
优选地，在根据本发明的方法中，保护层由在固化后直到至少250℃都耐热的涂料构成。通常已知耐热的涂料基于聚酯、PVC混合聚合物、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、硝基纤维素、乙酰纤维素或醋酸纤维素。备选地，保护层可以由耐热的膜、例如金属膜、尤其是铝制金属膜构成，该膜在焊接之前放置到内侧。
根据本发明此外建议了一种用于制造车轮的内胎的方法，其中，由连续软管形的挤出产品截短成坯件，并且坯件环形地闭合，并且将坯件的两个软管端部如之前描述的那样焊接为内胎。制造内胎的该类型的方法由现有技术已知并且认可。
具体实施例
随后根据实施例阐述本发明。其中：
图1示出穿过内胎的截面图；并且
图2示出根据本发明的方法的细节。
在根据本发明的方法中制造用于未示出的自行车的29“-车轮的内胎1。图1未按比例地以穿过接合处的截面图示出内胎1。内胎1具有30mm的外直径2。内胎1的壁厚3是350μm。通过吹塑薄膜挤压成型由以聚酯为基底的热塑性的聚氨酯(TPU)连续制成内胎1。
相对于软管纵轴线4准确正交地将挤出产品截短成分别为2030mm的未示出的坯件。
坯件的第一软管端部5被打开，从而内侧6是可见的并且是可良好触及的。现在，利用小型的毡辊将由耐热的透明涂料(例如具有商品名称Motip04033)制成的保护层7以大约5μm的厚度环绕地涂覆在内侧6上，直至沿软管纵轴线4的方向达到20mm的深度。
保护层7润湿内侧6的整个周长。因此避免限制在局部的焊接，限制在局部的焊接会降低焊缝的质量，或者甚至会导致两个内置的膜不再彼此分离。
在大约30分钟的干燥时间(保护层7在该干燥时间内固化)后，第一软管端部5沿纵向插入第二软管端部9中，从而两个软管端部重叠大约10mm。保护层7直到800℃都是耐热的。
第一软管端部5和第二软管端部9扁平地挤压在一起，并且如图2所示的那样首先在两个具有大约33mm的长度11(软管宽度的大约70％)的第一夹爪10之间借助高频被焊接。同时，第一夹爪10在接合处上压印和印制出制造商的商标和内胎1的技术数据以及检验印章。
随后，内胎1在猫眼12的区域中弄直，横向于第一局部焊缝13地重新扁平地挤压在一起，并且在两个具有大约19mm的长度15(软管宽度的大约40％)的第二夹爪14之间重新被焊接。电极由黄铜构成，并且沿软管纵轴线4的方向具有5mm的未示出的宽度。夹爪10、14和因此第一局部焊缝13和第二局部焊缝总计覆盖周长的110％。
附图标记清单
1 内胎
2 外直径
3 壁厚
4 软管纵轴线
5 第一软管端部
6 内侧
7 保护层
8 厚度
9 第二软管端部
10 第一夹爪
11 长度
12 猫眼
13 第一局部焊缝
14 第二夹爪
15 长度

Claims (9)

1.一种用于在接合处将第一软管端部(5)与第二软管端部(9)在焊缝中焊接的方法，所述焊缝在第一软管端部(5)的周长上环绕，
其中，首先在接合处在所述第一软管端部(5)中施加保护层(7)，
随后所述第二软管端部(9)超出接合处地被移动到第一软管端部(5)上，并且最后将所述软管端部(5、9)在接合处在两个待相向导引的夹爪(10、14)之间扁平地挤压在一起并且以该形态焊接，其中，所述保护层(7)被施加在第一软管端部(5)的内侧(6)上并且阻止对第一软管端部(5)的内侧(6)的焊接，
其特征在于，所述软管端部(5、9)当在两个第一局部焊缝(13)中的焊接之后首先弄直，并且随后横向于第一局部焊缝(13)地重新扁平地挤压在一起，并且在两个另外的局部焊缝中焊接，其中，所述第一局部焊缝和所述另外的局部焊缝形成所述焊缝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一局部焊缝(13)和所述另外的局部焊缝覆盖周长的不同的部分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一软管端部(5)和/或所述第二软管端部(9)由热塑性的聚氨酯构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述软管端部(5、9)被热焊接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述夹爪是透明的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述保护层(7)利用辊子施加到所述内侧(6)上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在焊接之前固化所述保护层(7)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述保护层(7)由在固化后直到至少250℃都耐热的涂料构成。
9.一种用于制造车轮的内胎(1)的方法，其特征在于，由连续软管形的挤出产品切割出坯件，并且所述坯件环形地闭合，并且将所述坯件的两个软管端部(5、9)根据前述权利要求1至8中任一项的方法焊接为内胎(1)。
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