CN1263495A - 管状容器端部尤其是软管端部的焊接方法和设备 - Google Patents

管状容器端部尤其是软管端部的焊接方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1263495A
CN1263495A CN98807123A CN98807123A CN1263495A CN 1263495 A CN1263495 A CN 1263495A CN 98807123 A CN98807123 A CN 98807123A CN 98807123 A CN98807123 A CN 98807123A CN 1263495 A CN1263495 A CN 1263495A
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亚历山大·P·萨托
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IWKA Pacunion GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/14—Closing collapsible or resilient tubes, e.g. for tooth paste, for lighter fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
    • B29B13/023—Half-products, e.g. films, plates
    • B29B13/024—Hollow bodies, e.g. tubes or profiles
    • B29B13/025—Tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1606—Ultraviolet [UV] radiation, e.g. by ultraviolet excimer lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1632—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B29C65/1641—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding making use of a reflector on the opposite side, e.g. a polished mandrel or a mirror
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B29C66/652—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool moving the welding tool around the fixed article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0838—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
    • B29C57/10—Closing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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Abstract

用于管状的、充满流动介质的容器端部,尤其是软管端部的焊接方法,这种容器是由通过加热可软化或熔化的薄壁平的材料所制成,在这种方法中管状容器这样被固定,使要被焊接的端部是可以接触到的,管状容器可接触到的端部在圆周区域上被加热到一定温度,使容器是可焊接的并且被加热的端部沿着垂直于容器纵向长度延伸的长焊缝而被压合,在此管状容器保持静止,激光器射线通过偏转元件在管状容器外部对准管状容器的内壁,转动偏转元件以加热圆周区域。

Description

管状容器端部尤其是软管端部的焊接方法和设备
本发明涉及如权利要求1前序部分所述的管状容器端部尤其是软管端部的焊接方法。
许多流体或软膏状介质被包装进软管内，例如化妆品、牙膏、鞋油、药膏和类似物品。软管可以用适宜的金属扁材成形，这种扁材是可以塑性变形加工的。主要是由于经济的原因，较长一段时间以来采用塑料材料作为包装。
在软管容器预成形坯的端部被密封之前，首先将此容器用被容纳物所充满。排出端通过相应的盖、螺纹连接或类似方法锁紧。在充填结束以后进行注入端的封闭。对于塑性成形的扁材在注入端沿着一条线折叠是众所周知的。必要时在端部区域进行直线状压合。由此保证足够的密封性。对于塑料材料不能采用这种方法。而要求对摞在一起的端部进行焊接或热封。
由DE 37 44 402 C2所公知的一种用于塑料制成的软管容器的焊接方法指出，在借助压合装置进行密封缝压合之前，首先以适当的方法进行加热或施加类似的影响以软化或熔化端部区域。
软化通过设置在注入端周围的圆环进行，圆环带有一排喷嘴孔，通过喷嘴孔将热空气喷到软管注入端的外壁上。因为一般要求完美的焊接，所以需要由外部提供可观的热量，即直至大约18kW的电功率。目前这种方法应用在包装工业并标之以“热风”方法为公众所知。
此外用于热风方法的类似设备借助于超声波或微波射线来软化或熔化要被焊接的端部是公知的。
在所有的方法中，因为材料熔化装置与压合装置在空间上不能相互协调，因此都需要在前后衔接的生产节拍中先进行熔化接着进行压合。另外先进行加热的软管在压合后大多数还需要再冷却，否则可能会出现所不期望的变形以及由于热量影响可能对产品产生附加损害。由于这些附加的冷却费用使这种方法是非常不经济的。
由DE 22 61 388一种用于将塑料制成的端部块焊接在管状塑料体上的方法为公众所知，在这种方法中端部块以管状截面插进管状体。借助于激光对管状体外部施加辐射，在此管体与端部块一起旋转。压合辊将被加热的部位压合在一起并起到一种焊接作用。
本发明的任务在于，实现一种用于焊接管状容器端部，尤其是软管端部的方法和装置，这种装置对于所有常见的软管塑料种类都是适用的，并具有很小的能耗，可以保证高的生产速度并以简单的方法进行生产。
这个任务通过权利要求1至8的特征而被解决。
按照客观规律激光射线只能在圆周壁上产生光点或光斑。因为需要软化围绕圆周的环状表面，假如只用一个激光射线点的话，在激光射线与容器之间就要有相对转动。
在按照本发明的装置中加热设备具有激光器，其射线对准内部圆周壁。此外还有旋转驱动设备，该设备产生激光器射线相对于管状容器的相对转动，这一点通过设置在容器外部的光学偏转元件围绕偏转元件自身轴线的转动和在轴向上对于激光器射线入射轴的转动而实现。在这里偏转元件的转动点这样来设置，使得偏转镜的反射点正好位于管状容器的旋转对称轴上。
通过将激光器射线对准管状容器的内壁来实现这样的优点，即对管状容器的那个直接被焊接的表面部位进行加热。
作为偏转元件优选采用偏转镜，这种偏转镜对于所应用的波长是最佳的。优选这样来调整偏转镜，使得可以实现偏转角的改变。通过调整偏转角可以用这种方式来适应容器的不同直径，即在偏转镜后的旋转面中改变激光点相对于偏转镜的高度。适配于不同容器半径的偏转镜中心点可以通过将激光点相对调整到一个更高的点(当容器具有较小直径时)来补偿与容器壁的较大距离。偏转元件角度变化的选择也可以考虑将偏转元件的调整沿着管状容器的旋转对称轴直线地来调整激光点的相对高度。
此外要注意到，已经被充满的管状容器的转动由于各种原因是不利的，因为当以所需的速度旋转时可能使产品由于离心作用力由管状容器里向上，向开口端被顶压出来。由于这个原因使激光器射线或偏转镜转动。优选偏转镜表面上的平均反射点在管状容器纵轴上旋转。
通过将偏转镜设置在管状容器外部的这种激光偏转镜与容器的适当设置，使在进入加热和焊接过程之前，在生产时只要求管状容器位于偏转镜的下部。
如果使用两个偏转镜来代替一个偏转镜可以产生附加的应用。在管状容器的旋转对称轴上这样来设置偏转镜，使这个偏转镜反射的激光器射线正好与激光器射线旋转轴线错置90°，激光器射线与管状容器旋转对称轴同轴。在这一错置反射过程中第二偏转元件与第一偏转元件的距离为所期望的最小管状容器半径，第二偏转元件承担第一偏转元件的任务。由此产生优点，通过这种设置可以在小半径管状容器上在基本上很平的角度条件下工作，因此不会由于陡的入射角使激光射线点变形成椭圆，这种变形对能量特征和焊接产生不利的影响。
两个偏转镜的设置是非对称地旋转的，在此第一偏转镜，与只有一个偏转镜结构类似，对于管状容器轴对称地设置而第二偏转镜在一旋转对称轨迹上转动。
因为无需容器旋转，因此在进入压合过程之前，部件无需远离压合装置的压合齿的路线。因为在按照本发明的方法中也不需要更多的用于焊接的生产步骤，因此在本发明中生产速度可以很快。
在特殊情况下为了达到有效或装饰性焊缝的目的，最好为按照本发明的结构设置另一驱动装置。这个装置在偏转镜同轴转动时产生一个90°错置的偏转镜直线振动运动。这个装置产生的管状容器与激光器射线的相对振动运动导致例如波纹状的焊缝。优选管状容器的固定装置具有振动运动，当激光器射线同时进入旋转时，使激光射线的光点在管状容器的圆周壁上产生波纹线。
按照本发明的另一种结构具有射线成形装置，该装置对于焊接的激光器射线能量分布特征是最佳的。这一点一般对应于一个在长度上上拉伸，因此定义为椭圆形的高斯曲线，即激光射线的横向电磁方式00轮廓(the transverse electromagnetic oo mode of a laser beam)。用这种方式在熔化区与圆周的不必熔化区之间产生一个柔和的过渡区，由此保证无应力而且干净的焊缝。
按照本发明的结构，采用一个CO2-激光器产生这种有效的激光器射线。这个激光器的标准波长位于9至12μm之间。在这个波长范围内能够得到所期望的材料的完美熔化。
如果采用波长为1μm左右的激光器，则产生激光器射线的深度作用，通过这种激光器射线管状容器首先在内部被加热并从那里开始，随着材料的温度系数，材料层从内部向外部被加热。这意味着激光射线穿透表面材料层，没有熔化这一层而首先在内部材料层产生熔化作用。这种方法可以被应用于允许一定波长范围的CO2透过的塑料。
但是对于大多数塑料优选波长为10μm，以实现可靠而完美的焊接，此外这种波长可以用二氧化碳激光器价廉的实现。
根据软管容器所采用材料种类的不同，激光射线的一部分穿透容器壁而没有对材料进行加热。
为了使穿透的射线部分同样可以被利用，按照本发明结构使偏转镜与反射器相联系，反射器将穿透的激光射线反射回到使用区周围。为了防止被反射的射线可能直接回射到激光谐振器并可能损伤激光谐振器或危害其运行，最好是将反射射线对准一个位置，这个位置相对激光射线的入射位置在圆周方向上偏移一定的量。但是在本发明的这种结构中要求在压合装置上进行压合之前，必须移开外部的反射镜。然而可以设想，在压合齿起作用之前，为了压合将管状容器固定件下降。另一种可能性在于，加热装置和压合装置之间的间距很小，以避免在外部反射镜与软管容器之间产生相对运动。
为了实现尽可能最佳的、完美的焊接而必需的旋转速度直接取决于装置的所有其它参数，尤其取决于塑料种类和所提供的激光功率。对此这些数值目前只能通过实验获得。当激光源输出功率为大约100W、焊缝宽度为大约5mm而且聚乙烯软管直径为28mm时，转速为每分钟大约450转可以保证所需的焊缝质量。旋转速度要与激光功率、焊缝宽度、波长、软管材料以及射线特征相匹配。
本发明具有一系列优点。此装置从设备上来说是相对便宜的而且首先是只有很少的能耗。装置的平均电耗大约为1kW。此外不损害管状容器内的灌装物并且在加热过程中也不会喷出来。在采用将激光射线对准管状容器的圆周壁的偏转镜时，如果材料散落在反射镜面上，则通过转动偏转镜即可使其自动净化。如同很大程度上为公众所知的那样，也存在这种可能性，射线装置通过一个对于所使用的波长完全透射的保护板来附加隔离，最终使按照本发明的装置实现高的生产速度。
下面通过图例来详细描述本发明。
图1为按照本发明的装置简图；
图2为图1装置的细节；
图3为按照本发明的装置的另一实施例简图；
图4为图3装置的轴测图；
图5为按照本发明的装置的另一实施例简图；
图6为图5装置的轴测图。
在图1中标明了管状容器10，该容器由管状外壳12组成并在一端具有罗纹封口14，通过这个封口可将容器10封闭。封闭的形式在这里无关紧要。重要的是，管状容器10里面的灌装物16不能从底下流出来。
没有详细画出的固定装置18将容器10以垂直位置固定在封口14上。固定装置18例如可以直线移动，例如在图纸平面的方向上移动。这表示固定装置18可以固定很多这种形式的容器，以将它们先后移送到图1所示的位置。灌装物16对容器10的灌注在另一个位置进行。
容器10或外壳12的上端是敞开的，如以20所表明的那样。在容器10的上部设置偏转镜22，通过偏转镜激光源24将其射线26对准外壳12的内壁。偏转镜22围绕容器10的纵轴旋转，在此偏转镜22的反射点位于这个纵轴上。由此射线可以辐射到开口区域里内壁的环状部位上并以相应的激光射线26的能量对其进行加热。在图2中表明了偏转镜22，偏转镜在28处围绕容器10的纵轴可旋转地支承，在此轴30具有齿轮32，该齿轮与由驱动电机36驱动的齿轮34啮合。偏转镜22每分钟转几圈，但是转速可以非常快这取决于激光射线26的能量。
偏转镜22也可以如同双箭头23所表明的那样改变其角度位置。当激光点在容器壁上的高度相应改变的时候，改变角度可以适应容器10的半径。也可以选择调整偏转镜22的高度。这一点通过图1中的箭头25来标明，在此激光源26和偏转镜22是一个整体。
此外在激光射线26与容器10相对转动期间可以发生移动运动，例如在形式上，固定装置18在容器10的纵轴方向上被振动地驱动，如双箭头38所表明的那样。相应的驱动装置没有画出。通过这种方式容器10内壁上的波纹状区域被辐射。
因而可以通过所描述的装置对内壁的圆周部位进行加热并熔化，使在生产过程中紧接着进行的压合过程在压合装置中通过压合齿40、42对在此之前容器10的敞开端部20进行压合及焊接。
所示装置不只局限应用于管状容器的塑料材料，而且也可以应用于金属材料。
在图3和4的实施例中与图1和2相同的部件以相同的标号附加上“a”来表示。可以看出，具有第一偏转镜22a，其旋转轴与管状容器12a是同轴的并位于激光射线26a的轴线上。射线通过偏转镜22a偏转到另一个偏转镜46上，该偏转镜以侧向或径向相间地设置在管状容器12a的上方附近。这一间距所对应的尺寸与要被焊接的容器12a的最小半径相等。偏转镜46的件通过杆臂48与偏转镜22a的固定件连接。由此使偏转镜46与偏转镜22a一起旋转，以与图1所述相同的方法使射线辐射到容器12a内壁的直线状或环状部位上。这种结构具有这样的优点，使激光射线的冲击方向可以比图1所示的单个偏转镜22更加陡的指向容器壁。由此在更加高的辐射功率下获得更加均匀的能量分布。
在图5和6的实施例中与图1和2相同的部件以相同的标号附加上“b”来表示。
偏转镜22b的设置差不多对应于图1或3和4的那个偏转镜，即偏转镜22b旋转轴位于与容器12b相同的轴上并与激光射线26b的轴线重合。第二偏转镜50位于容器12b的外边。第二偏转镜的固定件通过角臂52与偏转镜22b固定件连接，使得两个偏转镜22b，50共同旋转。偏转镜50这样来设置，它将透射过容器12b壁的射线几乎以相同的方向反射回去。来自偏转镜50的反射射线的光点与来自偏转镜22b的射线位于同一高度，但是在圆周方向上稍稍错置，由此不对激光谐振器产生回反射。

Claims (13)

1.用于管状的、充满流动介质的容器端部，尤其是软管端部的焊接方法，这种容器是由通过加热可软化或熔化的薄壁平的材料所制成的，在这种方法中管状容器这样被固定，使要被焊接的端部是可以接触到的，管状容器在可接触到端部的圆周区域上被加热到一定温度，使容器是可焊接的并且被加热的端部沿着垂直于容器纵向长度延伸的长焊缝而被压合，其特征为，管状容器(10)保持静止，激光器射线通过偏转元件(22)在管状容器(10)外部对准管状容器(10)的内壁，转动偏转元件(22)以加热圆周区域。
2.如权利要求1的方法，其特征为，激光器射线(26)通过偏转镜(22)对准圆周壁。
3.如权利要求1或2的方法，其特征为，偏转镜(22)围绕管状容器(10)的轴线转动。
4.如权利要求3的方法，其特征为，另一驱动装置在旋转期间产生管状容器(10)和激光射线(26)的振动相对运动(38)。
5.如上述权利要求1至4之一的方法，其特征为，采用CO2激光器。
6.如上述权利要求1至5之一的方法，其特征为，激光的波长位于0.3至20μm之间。
7.如上述权利要求1至6之一的方法，其特征为，旋转的转数至少为每分钟一转。
8.用于管状的、充满流动介质的容器端部，尤其是软管端部的焊接装置，这种容器是由通过加热可软化或熔化的薄壁平的材料所制成的，这种装置具有一个固定装置，在固定装置上管状容器这样被固定，要被焊接的指向上方的端部是可接触到的；一个在容器上部可转动支承的偏转元件，该元件由旋转驱动装置转动；一个激光器，其射线这样对准偏转元件，使来自偏转元件的激光射线在上端附近对准容器内侧并加热容器的圆周区域；一个压合装置，该装置压合容器的上端部以形成垂直于容器轴线延伸的焊缝。
9.如权利要求8的装置，其特征为，偏转元件可以针对管状容器的直径来调整，以改变偏转角度。
10.如权利要求8或9的装置，其特征为，一个偏转元件与反射镜相联系，反射镜设置在管状容器的外部用于将透射过容器壁的射线反射到被辐射的圆周区域。
11.如权利要求10的装置，其特征为，反射镜这样来设置，使反射的射线位于容器的一个位置，此位置在圆周方向看去偏离来自偏转元件的射线的入射位置。
12.如权利要求8的装置，其特征为，第一偏转镜设置在激光器射线的轴线上，而第二偏转镜径向错置的设置在其下边，通过第二偏转镜激光器射线对准管状容器的内壁，在此两个反射镜围绕管状容器的纵轴置于旋转。
13.如权利要求12的装置，其特征为，第二偏转镜与激光器射线轴线的距离基本上与最小管状容器的半径相等。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1296153C (zh) * 2004-05-15 2007-01-24 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 热管封口方法
CN101386110B (zh) * 2007-07-13 2013-02-13 福勒克斯德尔公司 用于密封双壁波纹管的轴环的设备和方法及双壁波纹管
CN110582393A (zh) * 2017-03-30 2019-12-17 Tpu普拉斯有限责任公司 用于焊接的方法
CN110582393B (zh) * 2017-03-30 2021-09-28 Tpu普拉斯有限责任公司 用于焊接的方法
CN111546646A (zh) * 2020-05-25 2020-08-18 永康本元塑料制品有限公司 一种管径可调的塑料管熔接设备
CN111546646B (zh) * 2020-05-25 2020-11-03 永康本元塑料制品有限公司 一种管径可调的塑料管熔接设备

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CZ294931B6 (cs) 2005-04-13
TR200000062T2 (tr) 2000-06-21
NO20000134L (no) 2000-03-10
YU800A (sh) 2001-09-28
EP0994770A1 (de) 2000-04-26
PL338042A1 (en) 2000-09-25
AU8860598A (en) 1999-02-08
US6417483B1 (en) 2002-07-09
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PL186994B1 (pl) 2004-04-30
HUP0002500A2 (hu) 2000-11-28
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ES2236932T3 (es) 2005-07-16
ATE288354T1 (de) 2005-02-15
BR9810697A (pt) 2000-09-05
KR20010021668A (ko) 2001-03-15
DE29712264U1 (de) 1998-11-12
DE59812543D1 (de) 2005-03-10
EP0994770B1 (de) 2005-02-02
CA2297190A1 (en) 1999-01-21
WO1999002330A1 (de) 1999-01-21

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