CN110487735B - 一种基于共价有机框架材料的气体传感器及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于共价有机框架材料的气体传感器及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110487735B CN110487735B CN201910842895.6A CN201910842895A CN110487735B CN 110487735 B CN110487735 B CN 110487735B CN 201910842895 A CN201910842895 A CN 201910842895A CN 110487735 B CN110487735 B CN 110487735B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于共价有机框架材料的气体传感器及其制备方法,属于共价有机框架材料的应用领域,该方法将第一单体A溶于第一溶剂中,加入第一界面修饰剂,得到第一溶液。将第二单体B溶于第二溶剂中,加入第二界面修饰剂,得到第二溶剂。将溶剂混合均匀后,加入负载基底和反应催化剂。得到负载型气体传感器,也可以使用刻蚀溶液处理得到自立型气体传感器。该传感器可以将溶剂分子吸附到孔道当中,改变了传感器的折射率。从而发生快速、显著的颜色改变,实现对有机蒸汽或水蒸气的光学传感和检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于共价有机框架材料的应用领域,尤其是一种基于共价有机框架材料的气体传感器及其制备方法。
背景技术
共价有机框架材料(COF)是一种多孔有机材料,其孔道结构丰富,比表面积大,应用前景十分广泛。但是大量COF是固体粉末的形态,在制备COF器件方面存在加工困难,稳定性低,应用范围局限等问题,限制了COF在传感器方面的发展前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有COF传感器的缺点,提供了一种基于共价有机框架材料的气体传感器及其制备方法,通过直接合成法制备出来的负载型COF薄膜传感器,以及刻蚀基底制得自立薄膜传感器,可以对有机蒸汽分子进行快速检测。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种基于共价有机框架材料的气体传感器,所述气体传感器为负载型薄膜结构,所述气体传感器通过以下方法制备得到:将浓度为0.01-100mmol/L的第一单体A溶于第一溶剂中,向其中加入第一界面修饰剂,界面修饰剂与第一单体A的官能团摩尔比为1-100,得到第一溶液;将浓度为0.01-100mmol/L的第二单体B溶于第二溶剂中,向其中加入第二界面修饰剂,界面修饰剂与第二单体B的官能团摩尔比为1-100,得到第二溶液。将上述第一溶液和第二溶液混合均匀后,向其中加入负载基底及浓度为1-100mol/L的反应催化剂,在10-100℃条件下反应得到负载薄膜,将所得负载薄膜浸入清洗剂超声洗涤干净,取出干燥得到负载型薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。
进一步地,所述负载型薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器经刻蚀溶液去除基底,取出干燥后得到自立薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。
进一步地,所述第一单体A由1,4-苯二胺、2,5-二甲基-1,4-苯二胺、四甲基对苯二胺、联苯胺、3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯-4,4’-二胺、3,3'-二硝基联苯胺、4,4'-二氨基三连苯、4,4'-二氨基二苯乙烯、对二氨基偶氮苯、2,6蒽二胺、3,4-二氨基四氢呋喃、3,4-二氨基四氢肼、1,2-环己二胺、1,2,4,5-二(二酰肼)苯、1,3,5-三(4-氨苯基)苯、2,4,6-三(4-氨基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、三聚氰胺、5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)卟啉、1,2,4,5-苯四胺、六氨基苯、1,6- 二氨基芘、2,3,6,7,10,11-六氨基三亚苯、1,4-苯二硼酸、均苯三硼酸、1,4- 苯二硼酸二频哪酯、4,7-双硼酸-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑、4,7-双(4,4,5,5-四甲基 -1,3,2-二氧杂戊硼烷-2-基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑、2,7-双硼酸芘、2,7-双 (4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)芘、4,4'-联苯基二硼酸、4,4'-联苯二硼酸二频哪醇酯、5,10,15,20-四(4-硼酸基苯基)卟啉、对苯二腈、2,6蒽二腈、对苯二甲酰肼、2,5-二甲氧基对苯二甲酰肼、2,5-二乙氧基对苯二甲酰肼中的一种或多种以任意比例混合组成。
所述第二单体B由对苯二甲醛、联苯二甲醛、2,5-二羟基对苯二甲醛、2,5- 二甲氧基对苯二甲醛、2,3-二羟基对苯二甲醛、2,3-二甲氧基对苯二甲醛、2,5- 二炔氧基对苯二甲醛、乙二醛、均苯三甲醛、2,4,6-三羟基均苯三甲醛、1,3,5- 三(4-醛基苯基)苯、2,4,6-三(4-醛基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、环己六酮、1,4-苯二硼酸、均苯三硼酸、1,4-苯二硼酸二频哪酯、4,7-双硼酸-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑、 4,7-双(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂戊硼烷-2-基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑、2,7- 双硼酸芘、2,7-双(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊环-2-基)芘、4,4'-联苯基二硼酸、4,4'-联苯二硼酸二频哪醇酯、5,10,15,20-四(4-硼酸基苯基)卟啉、 1,2,4,5-苯四酚、3,6-二甲基-1,2,4,5-苯四酚、3,6-二乙基-1,2,4,5-苯四酚、 3,6-二丙基-1,2,4,5-苯四酚、2,3,6,7-萘四酚、2,3,6,7-蒽四酚、3,6,7,10,11- 六羟基三亚苯、对苯二腈、2,6蒽二腈中的一种或多种以任意比例混合组成。
进一步地,所述第一溶剂、第二溶剂均选自下述溶剂,具体由异戊烷、正戊烷、石油醚、己烷、环己烷、异辛烷、三氟乙酸、庚烷、四氯化碳、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、氯苯、二氯苯、乙醚、异丁醇、正丁醇、丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、丙酮、吡啶、乙腈、二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、乙酸、甲酸中的一种或多种以任意比例混合组成。
进一步地,所述第一界面修饰剂由苯甲醛、2-氯苯甲醛、3-氯苯甲醛、4- 氯苯甲醛、2-硝基苯甲醛、3-硝基苯甲醛、4-硝基苯甲醛、2-甲基苯甲醛、3- 甲基苯甲醛、4-甲基苯甲醛、4-叔丁基苯甲醛、4-氟苯甲醛、1-萘甲醛、2-萘甲醛、甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、戊醛、己醛、庚醛、辛醛、苯硼酸、4-叔丁基苯硼酸、正丙基硼酸、环己基硼酸、邻苯二酚、2,3-二羟基萘、乙二醇、2,3-二甲基-2,3-丁二醇、1,2-环己二醇、苯腈、萘腈、乙腈、环己腈中的一种或多种以任意比例混合组成。
进一步地,所述第二界面修饰剂由苯胺、2-氯苯胺、3-氯苯胺、4-氯苯胺、 1,3-苯并噻唑-5-胺、2-硝基苯胺、3-硝基苯胺、4-硝基苯胺、2-甲基苯胺、3- 甲基苯胺、4-甲基苯胺、4-叔丁基苯胺、4-氟苯胺、1-萘胺、2-萘胺、甲胺、乙胺、丙胺、丁胺、戊胺、己胺、庚胺、辛胺、环己胺、苯硼酸、4-叔丁基苯硼酸、正丙基硼酸、环己基硼酸、2,3-二羟基萘、乙二醇、2,3-二甲基-2,3-丁二醇、 1,2-环己二醇、苯腈、萘腈、乙腈、环己腈、苯甲酰肼、4-氯苯甲酰肼、3-吡啶甲酰肼、甲酸酰肼、乙酸酰肼、丙酸酰肼、环己甲酰肼中的一种或多种以任意比例混合组成。
进一步地,所述反应催化剂由甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、苯磺酸、甲基苯磺酸、三氟甲磺酸钪、三氟甲磺酸铕、三氟甲磺酸铟、三氟甲磺酸镱、三氟甲磺酸钇、三氟甲磺酸锌中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成。
进一步地,所述清洗剂由水、丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸、正丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、乙二醇、四氢呋喃中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成。
进一步地,所述刻蚀溶液由过硫酸铵、氯化铁、过硫酸钠、过氧化氢、硝酸、氢氟酸等中的一种或多种以任意比例混合组成。
进一步地,所述刻蚀溶液由氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的一种或多种以任意比例混合组成。
与现有的COF薄膜传感器相比,本发明的有益效果是利用COF材料的多孔性的优势。当传感器与有机溶剂气体接触之后,COF薄膜传感器会吸附溶剂气体到孔道当中,有机溶剂气体在孔道内富集会使COF传感器的反射光谱发生位移,折射率增加,导致传感器颜色变化。该检测过程响应时间短暂,大约为100ms。同时本发明通过“一步法”在负载基底上制备负载型COF薄膜传感器,也可以选择使用刻蚀溶液将负载基底与COF薄膜分离制备自立型薄膜传感器。这两种传感器发挥了COF材料的多孔性的优势,可以对多种有机溶剂蒸汽进行响应,应用范围宽广,同时上述两种传感器响应时间短,检测方式简便,检测结果明显,生产工艺简单,适合工业化应用。
附图说明
图1为传感器吸附有机蒸汽或水蒸气前后反射光谱的变化。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
通过本发明制备的负载型气体传感器和自立型气体传感器可被用于有机溶剂蒸气或水蒸气等气体的光学传感。所述气体包括烷类、芳烃类、烯类、卤烃类、酯类、醛类、酮类和其他等有机挥发性气体,如苯系物、有机氯化物、氟里昂系列、有机酮、胺、醇、醚、酯、酸和石油烃化合物等,如甲酰胺、三氟乙酸、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、六甲基磷酰胺、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸、异丙醇、吡啶、四甲基乙二胺、丙酮、三乙胺、氨气、正丁醇、二氧六环、四氢呋喃、甲酸甲酯、三丁胺、甲乙酮、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、三辛胺、碳酸二甲酯、乙醚、异丙醚、正丁醚、三氯乙烯、二苯醚、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、四氯化碳、二硫化碳、二氧化硫、环己烷、己烷、煤油(石油醚)等有机挥发物气体。
如图1所示,薄膜传感器吸附气体分子前在460nm处有一个反射光谱的峰值,吸附之后该峰值移到480nm处。传感器与有机溶剂蒸汽或水蒸气接触之后, COF薄膜传感器会吸附有机溶剂蒸汽或水蒸气到孔道当中,当气体在孔道内富集会使COF传感器的反射光谱发生位移,折射率增加。其颜色发生快速改变,可通过反射光谱仪监测其反射光谱光强及波长的特征变化实现对相应蒸气的传感检测,且该过程具有可逆重复性,即该传感器移出该蒸气氛围后颜色可恢复变为起始颜色,再次置于后再发生颜色改变。
实施例1:在镀金硅片上合成COF-1
将0.05mmol的均苯三甲醛溶解于5ml的均三甲苯/二氧六环溶剂中,加入 0.3mmol的苯胺作为界面修饰剂,得到第一溶液;将0.05mmol的1,3,5-三(4- 氨基苯基)苯溶与溶解于5ml的均三甲苯/二氧六环(2:1,v/v)溶剂中,加入 0.3mmol的苯甲醛作为界面修饰剂,得到第二溶液;将上述第一溶液和第二溶液混合均匀后,然后加入镀金硅片,最后加入浓度为5mol/L的三氟甲基磺酸钪。在室温条件下反应三天,得到负载薄膜,将所得负载薄膜浸入乙醇/水(v/v,1/1)的混合溶液中,在超声条件下处理后取出干燥,得到负载型薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。该传感器与四氢呋喃气体接触后,颜色由黄色变为红色,变色时间为80ms。
实施例2:在镀金硅片上合成COF-2
将6mmol的1,4-对苯二甲醛溶解于5ml的甲酸溶剂中,加入96mmol的2- 氯苯胺作为界面修饰剂,得到第一溶液;将4mmol的1,3,5-三(4-氨基苯基)苯溶与溶解于5ml的甲酸溶剂中,加入96mmol的2-硝基苯甲醛作为界面修饰剂,得到第二溶液;将上述第一溶液和第二溶液混合均匀后,然后加入镀金硅片。在室温条件下反应三天,得到负载薄膜,将所得负载薄膜浸入去离子水中,在超声条件下处理后取出干燥,得到负载型薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。该传感器与丙酮气体接触后,颜色由橘黄色变为绿色,响应时间为70ms。
实施例3:在镀银硅片上合成COF-3
将30mmol的5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)卟啉溶解于5ml的苯甲酸溶剂中,加入3mol的2-甲基苯甲醛作为界面修饰剂,得到第一溶液;将40mmol的 2,4,6-三羟基均苯三甲醛溶解于5ml的苯甲酸溶剂中,加入3mol的4-叔丁基苯胺作为界面修饰剂,得到第二溶液;将上述第一溶液和第二溶液混合均匀后,然后加入镀银硅片。在室温条件下反应三天,得到负载薄膜,将所得负载薄膜浸入乙二醇溶剂中,在超声条件下处理后取出干燥得到负载型薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。该传感器与二氯甲烷气体接触后,颜色由黄色变为绿色,响应时间为90ms。
实施例4:在高定向热解石墨(HOPG)基底上合成COF-4
将0.025mmol的均苯三甲醛溶解于5ml的均三甲苯/二氧六环溶剂中,加入0.9mmol的苯胺作为界面修饰剂,得到第一溶液;将0.025mmol的1,3,5-三 (4-氨基苯基)苯溶与溶解于5ml的均三甲苯/二氧六环(2:1,v/v)溶剂中,加入0.9mmol的苯甲醛作为界面修饰剂,得到第二溶液;将上述第一溶液和第二溶液混合均匀后,加入HOPG。在室温条件下反应三天,得到负载薄膜,将所得负载薄膜浸入异丙醇溶剂中,在超声条件下处理后取出干燥,得到负载型薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。该传感器与氯仿气体接触后,颜色由红色变为绿色,响应时间为100ms。
实施例5:制备自立的COF-5薄膜
(1)将500mmol的均苯三硼酸溶解于5ml的二甲亚砜溶剂中,加入30mol 邻苯二酚作为界面修饰剂,得到第一溶液;将375mmol的1,2,4,5-苯四酚溶解于5ml的二甲亚砜溶剂中,加入30mol的苯硼酸作为界面修饰剂,得到第二溶液;将上述第一溶液和第二溶液混合均匀后,然后加入铜箔和催化剂三氟甲磺酸钇。在室温条件下反应三天,得到负载薄膜,将所得负载薄膜浸入乙醇溶剂超声洗涤干净,取出干燥,得到负载型薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。
(2)将上述气体传感器浸入氧化溶液或者质量分数为5%的过硫酸铵溶液。浸泡六个小时得到独立的COF薄膜。然后使用Si/SiO2将溶液中COF薄膜取出,用去离子水冲洗三次,得到自立薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。该传感器与丙酮气体接触后,颜色由橘黄色变为绿色,响应时间80ms。
实施例6:制备自立的COF-6薄膜
(1)将300mmol的对苯二酰肼溶解于5ml的N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂中,加入9mol的苯甲醛作为界面修饰剂,得到第一溶液;将200mmol的均苯三甲醛溶解于5ml的N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂中,加入9mol的苯甲酰肼,得到第二溶液;将上述第一溶液和第二溶液混合均匀后,然后加入金箔和催化剂三氟甲磺酸锌。在室温条件下反应三天,得到负载薄膜,将所得负载薄膜浸入异丙醇溶剂超声洗涤干净,取出干燥,得到负载型薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。
(2)将上述气体传感器浸入质量分数为30%的过氧化氢/醋酸/水(1/1/18, v/v/v)中。浸泡六个小时得到独立的COF薄膜。然后使用Si/SiO2将溶液中COF 薄膜取出,用去离子水冲洗三次,得到自立薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。该传感器与四氢呋喃气体接触后,颜色由橘黄色变为绿色,响应时间 100ms。
实施例7:制备自立的COF-7薄膜
(1)将50mmol的2,4,6-三(4-氨基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪溶解于5ml的N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂中,加入2.25mol的丁醛作为界面修饰剂,得到第一溶液;将 75mmol的对苯二甲醛溶解于5ml的N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂中,加入2.25mol的丁胺,得到第二溶液;将上述第一溶液和第二溶液混合均匀后,然后加入金箔。在室温条件下反应三天,得到负载薄膜,将所得负载薄膜浸入异丙醇溶剂超声洗涤干净,取出干燥,得到负载型薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。
(2)将上述气体传感器浸入氧化溶液或者质量分数为5%的氯化铁溶液。浸泡六个小时得到独立的COF薄膜。然后使用Si/SiO2将溶液中COF薄膜取出,用去离子水冲洗三次,得到自立薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。该传感器与四氢呋喃气体接触后,颜色由橘黄色变为绿色,响应时间100ms。
综上,通过本发明方法制备得到的负载型气体传感器和自立型传感器均具有响应时间短,检测方式简便,检测结果明显的特点。
Claims (8)
1.一种基于共价有机框架材料的气体传感器,其特征在于,所述气体传感器为负载型薄膜结构,所述气体传感器通过以下方法制备得到:将浓度为0.01-100mmol/L的第一单体A溶于第一溶剂中,向其中加入第一界面修饰剂,第一界面修饰剂与第一单体A的官能团摩尔比为1-100,得到第一溶液;将浓度为0.01-100mmol/L的第二单体B溶于第二溶剂中,向其中加入第二界面修饰剂,第二界面修饰剂与第二单体B的官能团摩尔比为1-100,得到第二溶液;将上述第一溶液和第二溶液混合均匀后,向其中加入负载基底及浓度为1-100mol/L的反应催化剂,在10-100℃条件下反应得到负载薄膜,将所得负载薄膜浸入清洗剂超声洗涤干净,取出干燥得到负载型薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器;所述第一界面修饰剂为苯胺、2-氯苯胺、2-甲基苯甲醛、苯甲醛、邻苯二酚或丁醛,所述第二界面修饰剂为苯甲醛、2-硝基苯甲醛、4-叔丁基苯胺、苯硼酸、苯甲酰肼或丁胺,且第一界面修饰剂与第二界面修饰剂在使用时完全不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述气体传感器,其特征在于,所述负载型薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器经刻蚀溶液去除基底,取出干燥后得到自立薄膜结构的共价有机框架材料的气体传感器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述气体传感器,其特征在于,所述第一单体A为均苯三甲醛、1,4-对苯二甲醛、5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)卟啉、均苯三硼酸、对苯二酰肼或2,4,6-三(4-氨基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪;
所述第二单体B为1,3,5-三(4-氨基苯基)苯、2,4,6-三羟基均苯三甲醛、1,2,4,5-苯四酚、均苯三甲醛或对苯二甲醛。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述气体传感器,其特征在于,所述第一溶剂、第二溶剂均由异戊烷、正戊烷、石油醚、己烷、环己烷、异辛烷、三氟乙酸、庚烷、四氯化碳、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、氯苯、二氯苯、乙醚、异丁醇、正丁醇、丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、丙酮、吡啶、乙腈、二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、乙酸、甲酸中的一种或多种以任意比例混合组成。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述气体传感器,其特征在于,所述反应催化剂由甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、苯磺酸、甲基苯磺酸、三氟甲磺酸钪、三氟甲磺酸铕、三氟甲磺酸铟、三氟甲磺酸镱、三氟甲磺酸钇、三氟甲磺酸锌中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述气体传感器,其特征在于,所述清洗剂由水、丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸、正丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、乙二醇、四氢呋喃中的一种或多种按任意比例混合组成。
7.根据权利要求2所述气体传感器,其特征在于,所述刻蚀溶液由过硫酸铵、氯化铁、过硫酸钠、过氧化氢、硝酸、氢氟酸中的一种或多种以任意比例混合组成。
8.根据权利要求2所述气体传感器,其特征在于,所述刻蚀溶液由氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的一种或多种以任意比例混合组成。
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