CN110251670A - 抗her2抗体-药物偶联物和化疗剂的组合,及使用方法 - Google Patents
抗her2抗体-药物偶联物和化疗剂的组合,及使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及抗HER2抗体‑药物偶联物和化疗剂的组合,及使用方法。抗体‑药物偶联物trastuzumab‑MCC‑DM1和化疗剂(包括其立体异构体,几何异构体,互变体,溶剂化物,代谢物和药学可接受盐)的组合对于抑制肿瘤细胞生长,及对于治疗由HER2和KDR(VEGFR受体1)介导的病症诸如癌症是有用的。公开了用于哺乳动物细胞中此类病症,或有关病理状况的体外,原位,和体内诊断,预防或治疗,使用此类组合的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2009年3月10日、申请号为201510170572.9、发明名称为“抗HER2抗体-药物偶联物和化疗剂的组合,及使用方法”的发明分案申请的再分案申请(原申请号200980117906.9)。
对相关申请的交叉引用
依据37 CFR§1.53(b)提交的此非临时申请依据35 USC§119(e)要求2008年3月18日提交的美国临时申请流水号61/037,410(通过述及完整收入本文)的权益。
发明领域
本发明一般涉及具有针对高增殖性病症诸如癌症的活性的化合物的药物组合。本发明还涉及使用所述化合物组合体外,原位,和体内诊断或治疗哺乳动物细胞,或有关病理状况的方法。
发明背景
HER2(ErbB2)受体酪氨酸是表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)跨膜受体家族的一个成员。在大约20%的人乳腺癌中观察到HER2的过表达,而且HER2的过表达涉及与这些肿瘤有关的侵入性生长和不良临床结果(Slamon等(1987)Science 235:177-182)。
trastuzumab(CAS 180288-69-1,huMAb4D5-8,rhuMAb HER2,Genentech)是鼠HER2抗体的一种重组DNA衍生人源化,IgG1κ,单克隆抗体型式,其在基于细胞的测定法中以高亲和力(Kd=5nM)选择性结合人表皮生长因子受体2蛋白,HER2(ErbB2)的细胞外结构域(US 5677171;US 5821337;US 6054297;US 6165464;US 6339142;US6407213;US 6639055;US 6719971;US 6800738;US 7074404;Coussens等(1985)Science230:1132-9;Slamon等(1989)Science 244:707-12;Slamon等(2001)New Engl.J.Med.344:783-792)。trastuzumab含有人框架区及结合HER2的鼠抗体(4D5)的互补决定区。trastuzumab结合HER2抗原,由此抑制癌性细胞的生长。已经在体外测定法中和在动物中显示了trastuzumab抑制过表达HER2的人肿瘤细胞的增殖(Hudziak等(1989)Mol Cell Biol9:1165-72;Lewis等(1993)Cancer Immunol Immunother;37:255-63;Baselga等(1998)Cancer Res.58:2825-2831)。trastuzumab是抗体依赖性细胞的细胞毒性,ADCC的介导物(Lewis等(1993)Cancer Immunol Immunother 37(4):255-263;Hotaling等(1996)[abstract].Proc.Annual Meeting Am Assoc Cancer Res;37:471;Pegram MD等(1997)[abstract].Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res;38:602;Sliwkowski等(1999)Seminars inOncology 26(4),Suppl 12:60-70;Yarden Y.和Sliwkowski,M.(2001)Nature Reviews:Molecular Cell Biology,Macmillan Magazines,Ltd.,Vol.2:127-137)。
在1998年被批准用于治疗已经接受广泛在先抗癌疗法,具有过表达ErbB2的转移性乳腺癌的患者(Baselga等,(1996)J.Clin.Oncol.14:737-744),而且已经在超过300,000名患者中使用(Slamon DJ等,N Engl J Med 2001;344:783-92;Vogel CL等,J Clin Oncol 2002;20:719-26;Marty M等,J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4265-74;RomondEH等,T N Engl J Med 2005;353:1673-84;Piccart-Gebhart MJ等,N Engl J Med 2005;353:1659-72;Slamon D等,[abstract].Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006,100(Suppl 1):52)。在2006年,FDA批准了(trastuzumab,Genentech Inc.)作为含有多柔比星,环磷酰胺和帕利他塞的治疗方案的一部分用于具有HER2阳性,结节阳性乳腺癌的患者的辅助治疗。虽然的开发给具有HER2阳性肿瘤的患者提供了比单独的化疗显著要好的结果,但是实质上所有HER2阳性,转移性乳腺癌(MBC)患者最终会在已有疗法上进展。仍有机会来改善具有MBC的患者的后果。尽管trastuzumab的多样作用机制,许多用trastuzumab治疗的患者不显示响应或在一段时间的治疗受益后停止响应。有些HER2+(HER2阳性)肿瘤没有响应而且肿瘤有响应的患者大多数最终有发展。临床上显著需要为对治疗不响应或响应不足,具有过表达HER2的肿瘤或其它与HER2表达有关的疾病的患者开发别的针对HER2的癌症疗法。
抗体靶向疗法的一种替代办法是利用抗体来特异性递送细胞毒性药物至表达抗原的癌细胞。美登木素生物碱类,即抗有丝分裂药物美登素的衍生物,以与长春花生物碱类药物相似的方式结合微管(Issell BF等(1978)Cancer Treat.Rev.5:199-207;CabanillasF等(1979)Cancer Treat Rep,63:507-9)。由美登木素生物碱类DM1连接至trastuzumab构成的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)在过表达HER2的trastuzumab敏感性和trastuzumab抗性肿瘤细胞系,和人乳腺癌的异种移植物模型中显示有力的抗肿瘤活性。美登木素生物碱类经MCC接头连接至抗HER2鼠乳腺癌抗体TA.1的偶联物比相应的具有二硫化物接头的偶联物效力低200倍(Chari等(1992)Cancer Res.127-133)。由美登木素生物碱类DM1连接至trastuzumab构成的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)在过表达HER2的trastuzumab敏感性和抗性肿瘤细胞系和人癌症的异种移植物模型中显示有力的抗肿瘤活性。trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)当前正在其疾病对HER2定向疗法不应的患者中在II期临床试验中进行评估(Beeram等(2007)“A phase I study of trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),a first-in-class HER2antibody-drug conjugate(ADC),in patients(pts)with HER2+metastatic breastcancer(BC)”,American Society of Clinical Oncology 43rd:June 02(Abs 1042;Krop等,European Cancer Conference ECCO,Poster 2118,September 23-27,2007,Barcelona;US 7097840;US 2005/0276812;US 2005/0166993)。
以一些剂量给药方案或施药形式一起使用两种或更多种药物的组合疗法通常具有下述一项或多项目的:(i)通过组合具有最小交叉耐药性的药物来降低发生获得性耐药性的频率,(ii)降低具有非交叠毒性和相似治疗特性的药物的剂量以实现功效及较少的副作用,即提高治疗指数,(iii)通过使用一种药物,诸如改变细胞周期阶段或生长特性使细胞对另一种药物的作用敏感,和(iv)通过探索两种药物在生物学活性中的加和效应(additivity),或大于加和效应的效应来实现增强的效力(Pegram,M.等(1999)Oncogene18:2241-2251;Konecny,G.等(2001)Breast Cancer Res.and Treatment 67:223-233;Pegram,M.等(2004)J.of the Nat.Cancer Inst.96(10):739-749;Fitzgerald等(2006)Nature Chem.Biol.2(9):458-466;Borisy等(2003)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci 100(13):7977-7982)。
Loewe加和效应(Chou,T.C.和Talalay,P.(1977)J.Biol.Chem.252:6438-6442;Chou,T.C.和Talalay,P.(1984)Adv.Enzyme Regul.22:27-55;Berenbaum,M.C.(1989)Pharmacol.Rev.41:93-141)和Bliss独立性/协同性(Bliss,C.I.(1956)Bacteriol.Rev.20:243-258;Greco等(1995)Pharmacol.Rev.47:331-385)是基于参数诸如IC50,即实现50%目标抑制需要的,在最简单的情况中等于Ki的药物剂量,与单一疗法相比为组合疗法计算预期剂量-响应关系的方法。
已经报告了HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体和EGFR抑制剂用于针对癌症的组合疗法(US2007/0020261)。trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)和pertuzumab已经分别在MBC患者中展示了活性,而且pertuzumab和trastuzumab的组合已经显示了在HER阳性MBC患者中有活性(Baselga J等,“A Phase II trial of trastuzumab and pertuzumab in patients withHER2-positive metastatic breast cancer that had progressed during trastuzumabtherapy:full response data”,European Society of Medical Oncology,Stockholm,Sweden,September 12-16,2008)。
发明概述
本发明一般涉及与一种或多种化疗剂组合施用以抑制癌细胞生长的抗HER2抗体-药物偶联物,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1。trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和化疗剂的某些组合在体外和在体内在抑制癌细胞生长中显示协同效应。本发明的组合和方法可用于治疗高增殖性病症诸如癌症。所述组合可抑制哺乳动物中的肿瘤生长,而且可用于治疗人癌症患者。
一方面,本发明包括一种用于治疗高增殖性病症的方法,包括以组合配制剂形式或交替地对哺乳动物施用治疗剂组合,其中所述治疗剂组合包含治疗有效量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,和治疗有效量的选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂。
所述治疗有效量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和所述治疗有效量的化疗剂可以以组合配制剂形式或交替地施用。
本发明还涉及使用所述组合物体外,原位,和体内诊断或治疗哺乳动物细胞,生物体,或有关病理状况的方法。
本发明还涉及其中所述治疗剂组合的施用导致协同效应的方法。
本发明的另一个方面是药物组合物,其包含trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂;和一种或多种药学可接受载体,助流剂,稀释剂,或赋形剂。
本发明的另一个方面提供治疗高增殖性疾病或病症的方法,包括对需要此类治疗的哺乳动物施用有效量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和化疗剂。trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和化疗剂可以共配制,供作为药物配制剂组合施用,或者它们可以作为治疗剂组合交替地(交替,序贯给药)分开施用。在一个实施方案中,T-DM1是通过输注递送的,而化疗剂是口服递送的。
本发明的另一个方面提供为体内功效预测有效药物组合的方法,其中所述组合包括trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和抗癌标准化疗剂。定性和定量分析来自体外细胞增殖和体内肿瘤异种移植物实验的功效数据。定量分析方法可基于Chou和Talalay的中位效应(medianeffect)和等效线图解法,生成组合指数(Combination Index,CI)值来表示协同,拮抗,或加和,或者基于Bliss独立性带状图偏离。
本发明的另一个方面是一种使用本发明的治疗剂组合来治疗哺乳动物中的疾病或状况(诸如癌症,包括受HER2或KDR9(VEGF受体1)调控的)的方法。
本发明的另一个方面是本发明的治疗剂组合在制备用于治疗哺乳动物中疾病或状况(诸如癌症,包括受HER2或KDR9(VEGF受体1)调控的)的药物中的用途。
本发明的另一个方面包括制品或试剂盒,其包含trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,化疗剂,容器,和任选的指示治疗方法的包装插页或标签。
本发明的另一个方面包括一种用于为癌症治疗确定要组合使用的化合物的方法,包括:a)对体外肿瘤细胞系施用trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,和选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂的治疗剂组合,并b)测量协同或非协同效应。
本发明的另外的优点和新颖的特征部分在下面的说明中列出,部分在检查下面的说明书后对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的或可以通过本发明的实践而学会。凭借所附权利要求中特别指出的手段/工具,组合,组合物,和方法可以认识和获得本发明的优点。
本发明涉及下述各项:
1.一种用于治疗高增殖性病症的方法,包括以组合配制剂形式或交替地对哺乳动物施用治疗剂组合,其中所述组合包含治疗有效量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,和治疗有效量的选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂。
2.项1的方法,其中所述HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体是pertuzumab。
3.项1的方法,其中所述抗VEGF抗体是bevacizumab。
4.项1的方法,其中所述化疗剂是5-FU。
5.项1的方法,其中所述化疗剂是卡铂。
6.项1的方法,其中所述化疗剂是lapatinib。
7.项1的方法,其中所述化疗剂是ABT-869。
8.项1的方法,其中所述化疗剂是多西他赛。
9.项1的方法,其中所述化疗剂是GDC-0941。
10.项1的方法,其中所述化疗剂是GNE-390。
11.项1的方法,其中所述治疗有效量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和所述治疗有效量的化疗剂是以组合配制剂形式施用的。
12.项1的方法,其中所述治疗有效量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和所述治疗有效量的化疗剂是交替地施用的。
13.项12的方法,其中对所述哺乳动物施用所述化疗剂,随后施用trastuzumab-MCC-DM1。
14.项12的方法,其中所述治疗剂组合是以约3周间隔对具有高增殖性病症的人施用的。
15.项12的方法,其中trastuzumab-MCC-DM1是以约1周至3周的间隔对具有高增殖性病症的人施用的。
16.项1的方法,其中所述治疗剂组合的施用导致协同效应。
17.项1的方法,其中所述高增殖性病症是癌症。
18.项17的方法,其中所述高增殖性病症是表达ErbB2的癌症。
19.项17的方法,其中所述癌症是乳腺癌,卵巢癌,宫颈癌,前列腺癌,睾丸癌,生殖泌尿道癌,食管癌,喉癌,成胶质细胞瘤,成神经细胞瘤,胃癌,皮肤癌,角化棘皮瘤,肺癌,表皮样癌,大细胞癌,非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC),小细胞癌,肺的腺癌,骨癌,结肠癌,腺瘤,胰腺癌,腺癌,甲状腺癌,滤泡性癌,未分化的癌,乳头状癌,精原细胞瘤,黑素瘤,肉瘤,膀胱癌,肝癌和胆管癌,肾癌,胰腺癌,髓样病症,淋巴瘤,毛细胞癌,口腔癌,鼻咽癌,咽癌,唇癌,舌癌,口癌,小肠癌,结肠-直肠癌,大肠癌,直肠癌,脑和中枢神经系统癌,何杰金氏病或白血病。
20.项1的方法,其中trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的量和化疗剂的量各自是约1mg至约1000mg。
21.项1的方法,其中trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的量和化疗剂的量的重量比是约1:10至约10:1。
22.项1的方法,其中所述哺乳动物是HER2阳性患者。
23.项1的方法,其中所述HER2阳性患者已经接受trastuzumab或lapatinib疗法。
24.一种药物组合物,其包含trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂;和一种或多种药学可接受载体,助流剂,稀释剂,或赋形剂。
25.项24的药物组合物,其包含选自二氧化硅,粉状纤维素,微晶纤维素,金属硬脂酸盐,铝硅酸钠,苯甲酸钠,碳酸钙,硅酸钙,玉米淀粉,碳酸镁,无石棉的滑石,stearowetC,淀粉,淀粉1500,月桂硫酸镁,氧化镁,及其组合的药学可接受助流剂。
26.项24的药物组合物,其中trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的量和化疗剂的量各自以约1mg至约1000mg存在。
27.项24的药物组合物,其中trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的量和化疗剂的量以重量比约1:10至约10:1存在。
28.治疗剂组合在制造用于治疗选自乳腺癌,卵巢癌,宫颈癌,前列腺癌,睾丸癌,生殖泌尿道癌,食管癌,喉癌,成胶质细胞瘤,成神经细胞瘤,胃癌,皮肤癌,角化棘皮瘤,肺癌,表皮样癌,大细胞癌,非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC),小细胞癌,肺的腺癌,骨癌,结肠癌,腺瘤,胰腺癌,腺癌,甲状腺癌,滤泡性癌,未分化的癌,乳头状癌,精原细胞瘤,黑素瘤,肉瘤,膀胱癌,肝癌和胆管癌,肾癌,胰腺癌,髓样病症,淋巴瘤,毛细胞癌,口腔癌,鼻咽癌,咽癌,唇癌,舌癌,口癌,小肠癌,结肠-直肠癌,大肠癌,直肠癌,脑和中枢神经系统癌,何杰金氏病或白血病的癌症的药物中的用途,其中以组合配制剂形式或交替地对哺乳动物施用所述治疗剂组合,所述治疗剂组合包含治疗有效量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,和治疗有效量的选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂。
29.一种用于治疗高增殖性病症的制品,其包含:
(a)治疗剂组合,其以组合配制剂形式或交替地对哺乳动物施用,且其包含治疗有效量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,和治疗有效量的选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂;和
(b)使用说明。
30.一种用于为癌症治疗确定要组合使用的化合物的方法,包括:
(a)对HER2扩增的乳腺癌细胞施用trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂的治疗剂组合,并
(b)测量对细胞增殖的抑制,其中通过细胞生存力来区分非恶性和恶性乳房细胞。
31.项30的方法,其中所述HER2扩增的乳腺癌细胞是BT-474。
32.一种用于为癌症治疗确定要使用的治疗剂组合的方法,包括:
(a)用trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,和选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂的治疗剂组合处理体外肿瘤细胞系,并
(b)测量协同或非协同效应;
由此为癌症治疗确定协同治疗剂组合。
附图简述
图1显示3天SK-BR-3体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的trastuzumab,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和trastuzumab和T-DM1组合的图。
图2显示3天BT-474EEI体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的trastuzumab,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和trastuzumab和T-DM1组合的图。
图3显示5天MDA-MB-175体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的pertuzumab,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和pertuzumab和T-DM1组合的图。
图3a显示5天MDA-MB-175体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的pertuzumab,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和pertuzumab和T-DM1组合的图。
图4显示5天BT-474体外细胞生存力相对于各种各种固定剂量的pertuzumab联合trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和单独的各种剂量的T-DM1的剂量响应的图。
图5显示5天BT-474体外细胞生存力相对于各种固定剂量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)联合pertuzumab,和单独的各种剂量的pertuzumab的剂量响应的图。
图6显示5天BT-474体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的pertuzumab,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和pertuzumab和T-DM1组合的图。
图7显示3天SK-BR-3体外细胞生存力相对于不同剂量的T-DM1联合固定剂量的lapatinib(4.5nM,14nM,41nM,123nM),和单独的不同剂量的T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的图。
图7a显示3天SK-BR-3体外细胞生存力相对于T-DM1,lapatinib,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1和lapatinib组合的图。
图8a显示3天BT-474体外细胞生存力相对于T-DM1,lapatinib,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1和lapatinib组合的图。
图8显示3天BT-474体外细胞生存力相对于不同剂量的T-DM1联合固定剂量的lapatinib(1.5nM,4.5nM,14nM,41nM,123nM),和单独的不同剂量的T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的图。
图9显示3天BT-474-EEI体外细胞生存力相对于不同剂量的T-DM1联合固定剂量的lapatinib(14nM,41nM,123nM,370nM,1111nM),和单独的不同剂量的T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的图。
图10显示如下给药后接种入SCID米色小鼠乳房脂肪垫的KPL-4肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图(每只小鼠Matrigel中3百万个细胞):(1)ADC缓冲液,(2)pertuzumab 15mg/kg,(3)T-DM1 0.3mg/kg,(4)T-DM1 1mg/kg,(5)T-DM1 3mg/kg,(6)pertuzumab 15mg/kg+T-DM1 0.3mg,(7)pertuzumab 15mg/kg+T-DM1 1mg/kg,(8)pertuzumab 15mg/kg+T-DM1 3mg/kg。ADC缓冲液和T-DM1第0天给药一次。pertuzumab第0,7,和14天给药。
图11显示如下给药后接种入SCID米色小鼠乳房脂肪垫的KPL-4肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图(每只小鼠Matrigel中3百万个细胞):(1)ADC缓冲液,(2)5-FU100mg/kg,(3)pertuzumab 40mg/kg,第一剂pertuzumab(第5,7,和9组)为2x加载剂量,(4)B20-4.1,5mg/kg,(5)T-DM1,5mg/kg,(6)5-FU,100mg/kg+T-DM1,5mg,(7)pertuzumab 40mg/kg+T-DM1,5mg/kg,(8)B20-4.1,5mg/kg+T-DM1,5mg/kg,(9)B20-4.1,5mg/kg+pertuzumab,40mg/kg。ADC缓冲液和T-DM1通过单次iv注射第0天给药一次。pertuzumab第0,7,14,21天给药(qwk x4)。5-FU第0,7和14天给药(qwk x3)。B20-4.1第0,3,7,10,14,17,21和24天给药(2X/wk,总共8次)。
图12显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-HER2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介(ADC缓冲液),(2)B20-4.1,5mg/kg,(3)T-DM1,3mg/kg,(4)T-DM1,5mg/kg,(5)T-DM1,10mg/kg,(6)B20-4.1,5mg/kg+T-DM1 3mg/kg,(7)B20-4.1,5mg/kg+T-DM1 5mg/kg,(8)B20-4.1,5mg/kg+T-DM1,10mg/kg。ADC缓冲液和T-DM1第0和21天给药。B20-4.1第0,3,7,10,14,17,21和24天给药(2X/wk x4,总共8次)。
图13显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-HER2 Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介(ADC缓冲液),(2)T-DM1 10mg/kg,(3)5-FU 100mg/kg,(4)吉西他滨120mg/kg,(5)卡铂100mg/kg,(6)5-FU 100mg/kg+T-DM110mg/kg,(7)吉西他滨120mg/kg+T-DM1 10mg/kg,(8)卡铂100mg/kg+T-DM1 10mg/kg。ADC缓冲液,T-DM1和卡铂第0天给药;单次注射。5-FU第0,7和14天给药(qwk x3)。吉西他滨第0,3,6和9天给药(q3d x4)。
图14显示如下给药后接种入Harlan无胸腺裸小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-Her2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介(PBS缓冲液)iv,qwk x4,(2)lapatinib 101mg/kg,po,bid x21,(3)pertuzumab 40mg/kg,iv,qwk x4,(4)B20-4.1 5mg/kg,ip,2x/wk x4,(5)T-DM1 15mg/kg,iv,q3wk至结束,(6)lapatinib 101mg/kg,po,bidx21+T-DM1 15mg/kg,iv,q3wk至结束,(7)pertuzumab 40mg/kg,iv,qwk x4+T-DM1 15mg/kg,iv,q3wk至结束,(8)B20-4.1 5mg/kg,ip,2x/wk x4+T-DM1 15mg/kg,iv,q3wk至结束。
图15显示如下给药后接种入Harlan无胸腺裸小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-Her2 Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介(PBS缓冲液)po,bid x21,(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(4)ABT-869,5mg/kg,po,bidx21,(5)ABT-869,15mg/kg,po,bid x21,(6)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,qd x1+ABT-869,5mg/kg,po,bid x21,(7)T-DM1 7.5mg/kg,iv,qd x1+ABT-869,15mg/kg,po,bid x21,(8)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,qd x1+ABT-869,5mg/kg,po,bid x21,(9)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,qd x1+ABT-869,15mg/kg,po,bid x21。
图16显示如下给药后接种入Harlan无胸腺裸小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-Her2 Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介,iv,qwk x3,(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2,(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2,(4)多西他赛,30mg/kg,iv,qwkx3,(5)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2+多西他赛,30mg/kg,iv,qwk x3,(6)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2+多西他赛,30mg/kg,iv,qwk x3
图17显示如下给药后种接入Harlan无胸腺裸小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-Her2 Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介,po,qd x21,(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2,(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2,(4)lapatinib,100mg/kg,po,bidx21,(5)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2+lapatinib,100mg/kg,po,bid x21,(6)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2+lapatinib,100mg/kg,po,bid x21。
图18显示3天SK-BR-3体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的5-FU,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和固定剂量比例的5-FU和T-DM1组合的图。
图19显示3天BT-474体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的5-FU,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和固定剂量比例的5-FU和T-DM1组合的图。
图20显示3天SK-BR-3体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的吉西他滨,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和固定剂量比例的吉西他滨和T-DM1组合的图。
图21显示3天MDA-MD-361体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的吉西他滨,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和固定剂量比例的吉西他滨和T-DM1组合的图。
图22显示以IC50倍数浓度0.25x至4x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和1:10固定剂量比例的T-DM1和GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)组合处理后3天KPL4体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。加和效应的Bliss预测以虚线绘图。
图23显示以IC50倍数浓度0.0625x至16x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和1:25固定剂量比例的T-DM1(1.25至80ng/ml)和GDC-0941(31.25nM至2μM)组合处理后3天KPL4体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。加和效应加和效应的Bliss预测以虚线绘图。
图24显示以IC50倍数浓度0至16x用T-DM1,PI103,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1+PI103,和T-DM1+GDC-0941组合处理后3天Her2扩增的、耐药性的、PIK3CA(H1047R)突变的KPL-4细胞体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。
图25显示以T-DM1浓度高至160ng/ml用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1和GDC-0941组合处理后24小时KPL4胱天蛋白酶3/7体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。
图26显示以T-DM1浓度0至200ng/ml用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1和GDC-0941组合处理后3天KPL4体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。
图27显示以IC50倍数浓度0.125x至8x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和1:20固定剂量比例的T-DM1(3.125至50ng/ml)和GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)组合处理后3天MDA-0MB-361体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。加和效应的Bliss预测以虚线绘图。
图28显示以IC50倍数浓度0.125x至8x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和1:20固定剂量比例的T-DM1(3.125至100ng/ml)和GDC-0941(62.5nM至2μM)组合处理后3天MDA-0MB-361体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。加和效应的Bliss预测以虚线绘图。
图29显示以IC50倍数浓度0.125x至4x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和1:10固定剂量比例的T-DM1(3.125至100ng/ml)和GDC-0941(31.25nM至1μM)组合处理后3天BT-474体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。加和效应的Bliss预测以虚线绘图。
图30显示以IC50倍数浓度0.25x至4x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和1:10固定剂量比例的T-DM1(6.25至100ng/ml)和GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)组合处理后3天BT-474体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。加和效应的Bliss预测以虚线绘图。
图31显示以IC50倍数浓度0至16x用T-DM1,PI103,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1+PI103,和T-DM1+GDC-0941组合处理后3天Her2扩增的,非PI3K突变的,AU565细胞体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。
图32显示以IC50倍数浓度0至16x用T-DM1,PI103,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1+PI103,和T-DM1+GDC-0941组合处理后3天Her2扩增的,PIK3CA(C420R)突变的,EFM192A细胞体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。
图33显示以IC50倍数浓度0至16x用T-DM1,PI103,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1+PI103,和T-DM1+GDC-0941组合处理后Her2扩增的,耐药性的,PIK3CA(H1047R)突变的,HCC1954细胞体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。
图34显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠的MMTV-Her2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介,po,qd x21,(2)T-DM1,10mg/kg,iv,q3wk,(3)5-FU,100mg/kg,po,qwk x2,(4)T-DM1,5mg/kg,iv,q3wk+5-FU,100mg/kg,po,qwk x2。
图35显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠的MMTV-Her2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介,po,qd x21,(2)T-DM1,5mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(3)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,po,qd x21,(4)GDC-0152,50mg/kg,po,qwk x3,(5)T-DM1,5mg/kg,iv,qd x1+GDC-0941,100mg/kg,po,qd x21,(6)T-DM1,5mg/kg,iv,qd x1+GDC-0152,50mg/kg,po,qwk x3。
图36显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠的MDA-MB-361.1乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介,po,qd x21,(2)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,po,qd x21,(3)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,po,qd x21,(4)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,po,qd x21,(5)T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(6)T-DM1,10mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(7)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(8)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(9)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(10)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(11)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(12)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,iv,qd x1
图37显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠的MDA-MB-361.1乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介[MCT(0.5%甲基纤维素/0.2%TWEEN 80TM)+琥珀酸盐缓冲液(100mM琥珀酸钠,100mg/ml海藻糖,0.1%TWEEN 80,pH 5.0)],po+IV,qd x21和qd,(2)GNE-390,1.0mg/kg,po,qd x21,(3)GNE-390,2.5mg/kg,po,qd x21,(4)T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,qd,(5)GNE-390,1.0mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,qd,(6)GNE-390,2.5mg/kg,po,qdx21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,qd。
发明详述
现在将会详细地述及本发明的某些实施方案,所附结构和公式中例示了它们的例子。虽然将会连同所列举的实施方案来描述本发明,应当理解它们并非意图将本发明限于那些实施方案。相反,本发明旨在涵盖所有备选方案,修改,和等同方案,其可以包括在权利要求所限定的本发明范围内。本领域技术人员会领会与本文中所描述的方法和材料相似的或等同的许多方法和材料可用于实施本发明。本发明绝非限于所描述的方法和材料。倘若所收入的文献,专利,和相似的材料与本申请不同或矛盾,包括但不限于所定义的术语,术语的用法,所描述的技术,诸如此类,以本申请为准。
定义
词语“包含”,“含有”,“包括”和“具有”在用于本说明书和权利要求书时旨在说明所述特征,整数,成分,或步骤的存在,但是它们不排除一种或多种其它特征,整数,成分,步骤,或其组合的存在或增加。
术语“治疗”或“处理”指治疗性处理及预防性或防范性措施二者,其中目标是预防或减缓(减轻)不想要的生理学变化或病症,诸如高增殖性状况诸如癌症的生长,形成或传播。为了本发明,有利或期望的临床结果包括但不限于:缓解症状,削弱疾病的程度,疾病状态稳定(即不恶化),延迟或减缓疾病发展,改善或减轻疾病状态,及康复(无论是部分的还是完全的),无论是可检测的还是不可检测的。“治疗”或“处理”还可以指与不接受治疗的预期存活相比延长存活。需要治疗的受试者包括早就患有疾病或病症的受试者以及倾向于患上疾病或病症的受试者或者要预防状况或病症的受试者。
短语“治疗有效量”指本发明化合物的量,其(i)治疗本文所述特定疾病,状况,或病症,(ii)减轻,改善,或消除特定疾病,状况,或病症的一种或多种症状,或(iii)预防或延迟特定疾病,状况,或病症的一种或多种症状的发作。在癌症的情况中,药物的治疗有效量可减少癌细胞数;缩小肿瘤体积;抑制(即一定程度的减缓,优选停止)癌细胞浸润到周围器官中;抑制(即一定程度的减缓,优选停止)肿瘤转移;一定程度的抑制肿瘤生长;和/或一定程度的减轻与癌症有关的一种或多种症状。就药物可预防癌细胞生长和/或杀死现有癌细胞的程度而言,它可以是抑制细胞的和/或毒害细胞的。对于癌症疗法,可以例如通过评价距疾病发展的时间(TTP)和/或测定响应率(RR)来测量功效。
“高增殖性病症”指肿瘤,癌症,和新生物组织,包括恶变前和非新生物阶段,而且还包括银屑病,子宫内膜异位症,息肉和纤维腺瘤。
术语“癌症”和“癌性”指向或描述哺乳动物中特征通常为细胞生长不受调节的生理状况。“肿瘤”包括一个或多个癌性细胞。癌症的例子包括但不限于癌,淋巴瘤,母细胞瘤,肉瘤和白血病或淋巴样恶性肿瘤。此类癌症的更具体例子包括鳞状细胞癌(例如上皮鳞状细胞癌),肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌,非小细胞肺癌(“NSCLC”),肺的腺癌,和肺的鳞癌),腹膜癌,肝细胞癌,胃癌(包括胃肠癌),胰腺癌,成胶质细胞瘤,宫颈癌,卵巢癌,肝癌,膀胱癌,肝瘤,乳腺癌,结肠癌,直肠癌,结肠直肠癌,子宫内膜癌或子宫癌,唾液腺癌,肾癌,前列腺癌,外阴癌,甲状腺癌,肝癌,肛门癌,阴茎癌,以及头颈癌。
“化疗剂”指可用于治疗癌症的化学化合物,不管作用机制。化疗剂的类别包括但不限于:烷化剂类(alkyating agents),抗代谢物类(antimetabolites),纺锤体毒植物生物碱类(spindle poison plant alkaloids),细胞毒性/抗肿瘤抗生素类(cytoxic/antitumor antibiotics),拓扑异构酶抑制剂类(topoisomerase inhibitors),抗体类(antibodies),光敏剂类(photosensitizers),和激酶抑制剂类(kinase inhibitors)。化疗剂包括在“靶向疗法”和常规化疗中使用的化合物。化疗剂的例子包括:erlotinib(Genentech/OSI Pharm.),多西他塞(docetaxel)(Sanofi-Aventis),5-FU(氟尿嘧啶,5-氟尿嘧啶,CAS No.51-21-8),吉西他滨(gemcitabine)(Lilly),PD-0325901(CAS No.391210-10-9,Pfizer),顺铂(cisplatin)(顺式-二胺,二氯铂(II),CAS No.15663-27-1),卡铂(carboplatin)(CAS No.41575-94-4),帕利他塞(paclitaxel)(Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology,Princeton,N.J.),曲妥单抗(trastuzumab)(Genentech),替莫唑胺(temozolomide)(4-甲基-5-氧-2,3,4,6,8-五氮双环[4.3.0]九-2,7,9-三烯-9-羧酰胺,CAS No.85622-93-1,Schering Plough),他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)((Z)-2-[4-(1,2-二苯基丁-1-烯基)苯氧基]-N,N-二甲基-乙胺, ),和多柔比星(doxorubicin)Akti-1/2,HPPD,和雷帕霉素(rapamycin)。
化疗剂的更多例子包括:化疗剂的更多例子包括:奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin)(Sanofi),bortezomib(Millennium Pharm.),sutent(SU11248,Pfizer),来曲唑(letrozole)(Novartis),甲磺酸伊马替尼(imatinib mesylate)(Novartis),XL-518(MEK抑制剂,Exelixis,WO 2007/044515),ARRY-886(Mek抑制剂,AZD6244,Array BioPharma,Astra Zeneca),SF-1126(PI3K抑制剂,Semafore Pharmaceuticals),BEZ-235(PI3K抑制剂,Novartis),XL-147(PI3K抑制剂,Exelixis),PTK787/ZK222584(Novartis),氟维司群(fulvestrant)(AstraZeneca),亚叶酸(leucovorin,folinic acid),雷帕霉素(rapamycin)(西罗莫司(sirolimus),Wyeth),lapatinib(GSK572016,Glaxo Smith Kline),lonafarnib(SARASARTM,SCH 66336,Schering Plough),sorafenib(BAY43-9006,Bayer Labs),gefitinib(AstraZeneca),伊立替康(irinotecan)(CPT-11,Pfizer),tipifarnib(ZARNESTRATM,Johnson&Johnson),ABRAXANETM不含克列莫佛(Cremophor),清蛋白改造纳米颗粒剂型帕利他塞(paclitaxel)(American Pharmaceutical Partners,Schaumberg,Il),vandetanib(rINN,ZD6474,AstraZeneca),chloranmbucil,AG1478,AG1571(SU 5271;Sugen),temsirolimus(Wyeth),pazopanib(GlaxoSmithKline),canfosfamide(Telik),塞替派(thiotepa)和环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)磺酸烷基酯类(alkyl sulfonates),诸如白消安(busulfan),英丙舒凡(improsulfan)和哌泊舒凡(piposulfan);氮丙啶类(aziridines),诸如苯佐替派(benzodepa),卡波醌(carboquone),美妥替派(meturedepa)和乌瑞替派(uredepa);乙撑亚胺类(ethylenimines)和甲基蜜胺类(methylamelamines),包括六甲蜜胺(altretamine),三乙撑蜜胺(triethylenemelamine),三乙撑磷酰胺(triethylenephosphoramide),三乙撑硫代磷酰胺(triethylenethiophosphoramide)和三羟甲蜜胺(trimethylomelamine);番荔枝内酯类(acetogenins)(尤其是布拉他辛(bullatacin)和布拉他辛酮(bullatacinone));喜树碱(camptothecin)(包括合成类似物托泊替康(topotecan));苔藓抑素(bryostatin);callystatin;CC-1065(包括其阿多来新(adozelesin),卡折来新(carzelesin)和比折来新(bizelesin)合成类似物);隐藻素类(cryptophycins)(特别是隐藻素1和隐藻素8);多拉司他汀(dolastatin);duocarmycin(包括合成类似物,KW-2189和CB1-TM1);艾榴塞洛素(eleutherobin);pancratistatin;sarcodictyin;海绵抑素(spongistatin);氮芥类(nitrogen mustards),诸如苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil),萘氮芥(chlornaphazine),胆磷酰胺(chlorophosphamide),雌莫司汀(estramustine),异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide),双氯乙基甲胺(mechlorethamine),盐酸氧氮芥(mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride),美法仑(melphalan),新氮芥(novembichin),苯芥胆甾醇(phenesterine),泼尼莫司汀(prednimustine),曲磷胺(trofosfamide),尿嘧啶氮芥(uracil mustard);亚硝脲类(nitrosoureas),诸如卡莫司汀(carmustine),氯脲菌素(chlorozotocin),福莫司汀(fotemustine),洛莫司汀(lomustine),尼莫司汀(nimustine)和雷莫司汀(ranimustine);抗生素类,诸如烯二炔类抗生素(enediyne)(例如加利车霉素(calicheamicin),加利车霉素γ1I,加利车霉素ωI1(Angew Chem.Intl.Ed.Engl.,(1994)33:183-186);蒽环类抗生素(dynemicin),dynemicinA;二膦酸盐类(bisphosphonates),诸如氯膦酸盐(clodronate);埃斯波霉素(esperamicin);以及新制癌素(neocarzinostatin)发色团和相关色蛋白烯二炔类抗生素发色团),阿克拉霉素(aclacinomycin),放线菌素(actinomycin),氨茴霉素(anthramycin),偶氮丝氨酸(azaserine),博来霉素(bleomycin),放线菌素C(cactinomycin),carabicin,洋红霉素(carminomycin),嗜癌霉素(carzinophilin),色霉素(chromomycin),放线菌素D(dactinomycin),柔红霉素(daunorubicin),地托比星(detorubicin),6-二氮-5-氧-L-正亮氨酸,吗啉代多柔比星,氰基吗啉代多柔比星,2-吡咯代多柔比星和脱氧多柔比星),表柔比星(epirubicin),依索比星(esorubicin),伊达比星(idarubicin),麻西罗霉素(marcellomycin),丝裂霉素类(mitomycins)诸如丝裂霉素C,霉酚酸(mycophenolic acid),诺拉霉素(nogalamycin),橄榄霉素(olivomycin),培洛霉素(peplomycin),泊非霉素(porfiromycin),嘌呤霉素(puromycin),三铁阿霉素(quelamycin),罗多比星(rodorubicin),链黑菌素(streptonigrin),链佐星(streptozocin),杀结核菌素(tubercidin),乌苯美司(ubenimex),净司他丁(zinostatin),佐柔比星(zorubicin);抗代谢物类,诸如甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物,诸如二甲叶酸(denopterin),甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate),蝶罗呤(pteropterin),三甲曲沙(trimetrexate);嘌呤类似物,诸如氟达拉滨(fludarabine),6-巯基嘌呤(mercaptopurine),硫咪嘌呤(thiamiprine),硫鸟嘌呤(thioguanine);嘧啶类似物,诸如安西他滨(ancitabine),阿扎胞苷(azacitidine),6-氮尿苷(azauridine),卡莫氟(carmofur),阿糖胞苷(cytarabine),双脱氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine),去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine),依诺他滨(enocitabine),氟尿苷(floxuridine);雄激素类,诸如卡鲁睾酮(calusterone),丙酸屈他雄酮(dromostanolone propionate),表硫雄醇(epitiostanol),美雄烷(mepitiostane),睾内酯(testolactone);抗肾上腺类,诸如氨鲁米特(aminoglutethimide),米托坦(mitotane),曲洛司坦(trilostane);叶酸补充剂,诸如亚叶酸(folinic acid);醋葡醛内酯(aceglatone);醛磷酰胺糖苷(aldophosphamideglycoside);氨基乙酰丙酸(aminolevulinic acid);恩尿嘧啶(eniluracil);安吖啶(amsacrine);bestrabucil;比生群(bisantrene);依达曲沙(edatraxate);地磷酰胺(defosfamide);地美可辛(demecolcine);地吖醌(diaziquone);elfornithine;依利醋铵(elliptinium acetate);埃坡霉素(epothilone);依托格鲁(etoglucid);硝酸镓;羟脲(hydroxyurea);香菇多糖(lentinan);氯尼达明(lonidamine);美登木素生物碱类(maytansinoids),诸如美登素(maytansine)和安丝菌素(ansamitocin);米托胍腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);莫哌达醇(mopidamol);二胺硝吖啶(nitracrine);喷司他丁(pentostatin);蛋氨氮芥(phenamet);吡柔比星(pirarubicin);洛索蒽醌(losoxantrone);鬼臼酸(podophyllinic acid);2-乙基酰肼(ethylhydrazide);丙卡巴肼(procarbazine);多糖复合物(JHS Natural Products,Eugene,OR);雷佐生(razoxane);根霉素(rhizoxin);西佐喃(sizofiran);螺旋锗(spirogermanium);细交链孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid);三亚胺醌(triaziquone);2,2',2”-三氯三乙胺;单端孢菌素类(trichothecenes)(T-2毒素,疣孢菌素(verrucarin)A,杆孢菌素(roridin)A和蛇行菌素(anguidin));乌拉坦(urethan);长春地辛(vindesine);达卡巴嗪(dacarbazine);甘露莫司汀(mannomustine);二溴甘露醇(mitobronitol);二溴卫矛醇(mitolactol);哌泊溴烷(pipobroman);gacytosine;阿糖胞苷(arabinoside)(Ara-C);环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide);塞替派(thiotepa);6-硫鸟嘌呤(thioguanine);巯基嘌呤(mercaptopurine);甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate);铂类似物,诸如顺铂(cisplatin)和卡铂(carboplatin);长春碱(vinblastine);依托泊苷(etoposide)(VP-16);异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);长春新碱(vincristine);长春瑞滨(vinorelbine)能灭瘤(novantrone);替尼泊苷(teniposide);依达曲沙(edatrexate);道诺霉素(daunomycin);氨基蝶呤(aminopterin);卡培他滨(capecitabine)(Roche);伊本膦酸盐(ibandronate);CPT-11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DMFO);类视黄酸类(retinoids),诸如视黄酸(retinoicacid);及任何上述物质的药剂学可接受的盐,酸和衍生物。
“化疗剂”的定义中还包括:(i)抗激素剂,其作用是调节或抑制激素对肿瘤的作用,诸如抗雌激素类和选择性雌激素受体调节剂类(SERM),包括例如他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)(柠檬酸他莫昔芬),雷洛昔芬(raloxifene),屈洛昔芬(droloxifene),4-羟基他莫昔芬,曲沃昔芬(trioxifene),那洛昔芬(keoxifene),LY117018,奥那司酮(onapristone),和(柠檬酸托瑞米芬(toremifene citrate));(ii)芳香酶抑制剂,其抑制在肾上腺中调节雌激素生成的芳香酶,诸如例如4(5)-咪唑,氨鲁米特(aminoglutethimide),(醋酸甲地孕酮(megestrol acetate)),(依西美坦(exemestane);Pfizer),福美坦(formestane),法倔唑(fadrozole),(伏罗唑(vorozole)),(来曲唑(letrozole);Novartis),和(阿那曲唑(anastrozole);AstraZeneca);(iii)抗雄激素类,诸如氟他米特(flutamide),尼鲁米特(nilutamide),比卡米特(bicalutamide),亮丙瑞林(leuprolide),和戈舍瑞林(goserelin);以及曲沙他滨(troxacitabine)(1,3-二氧戊环核苷胞嘧啶类似物);(iv)蛋白质激酶抑制剂,诸如MEK抑制剂(WO2007/044515);(v)脂质激酶抑制剂;(vi)反义寡核苷酸,特别是抑制牵涉异常(aberrant)细胞增殖的信号传导途经中的基因表达的反义寡核苷酸,例如PKC-α,Raf和H-Ras,诸如oblimersen(Genta Inc.);(vii)核酶,诸如VEGF表达抑制剂(例如)和HER2表达抑制剂;(viii)疫苗,诸如基因疗法疫苗,例如和 rIL-2;拓扑异构酶1抑制剂,诸如 rmRH;(ix)抗血管发生剂,诸如贝伐单抗(bevacizumab)(Genentech);及任何上述物质的药学可接受盐,酸和衍生物。
“化疗剂”的定义中还包括治疗性抗体,诸如阿伦单抗(alemtuzumab)(Campath),贝伐单抗(bevacizumab)(Genentech),西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)(Imclone),panitumumab(Amgen),利妥昔单抗(rituximab)(Genentech/Biogen Idec),pertuzumab(OMNITARGTM,2C4,Genentech),曲妥单抗(trastuzumab)(Genentech),托西莫单抗(tositumomab)(Bexxar,Corixia),及抗体药物偶联物,吉姆单抗奥佐米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)(Wyeth)。
作为化疗剂联合trastuzumab-MCC-DM1具有治疗潜力的人源化单克隆抗体包括:alemtuzumab,apolizumab,aselizumab,atlizumab,bapineuzumab,bevacizumab,bivatuzumab mertansine,cantuzumab mertansine,cedelizumab,certolizumab pegol,cidfusituzumab,cidtuzumab,daclizumab,eculizumab,efalizumab,epratuzumab,erlizumab,felvizumab,fontolizumab,gemtuzumab ozogamicin,inotuzumabozogamicin,ipilimumab,labetuzumab,lintuzumab,matuzumab,mepolizumab,motavizumab,motovizumab,natalizumab,nimotuzumab,nolovizumab,numavizumab,ocrelizumab,omalizumab,palivizumab,pascolizumab,pecfusituzumab,pectuzumab,pertuzumab,pexelizumab,ralivizumab,ranibizumab,reslivizumab,reslizumab,resyvizumab,rovelizumab,ruplizumab,sibrotuzumab,siplizumab,sontuzumab,tacatuzumab tetraxetan,tadocizumab,talizumab,tefibazumab,tocilizumab,toralizumab,trastuzumab,tucotuzumab celmoleukin,tucusituzumab,umavizumab,urtoxazumab,和visilizumab。
“代谢物”指特定化合物或其盐在身体中经由代谢生成的产物。化合物的代谢物可以使用本领域已知的常规技术来鉴定,而且它们的活性可以使用诸如本文中所描述的测试来测定。此类产物可能源自例如所施用化合物的氧化,还原,水解,酰胺化,脱酰胺,酯化,脱酯,酶促切割,等等。因而,本发明包括本发明化合物的代谢物,包括通过如下过程生成的化合物,所述过程包括使本发明的化合物接触哺乳动物一段时间,该段时间足以生成其代谢产物。
术语“包装插页”用于指通常包括在治疗用产品的商业包装中的说明书,它们包含有关涉及此类治疗用产品应用的适应征,用法,剂量,施用,禁忌症,和/或警告的信息。
短语“药学可接受盐”在用于本文时指本发明化合物的药学可接受的有机或无机盐。例示性的盐包括但不限于硫酸盐,柠檬酸盐,乙酸盐,草酸盐,氯化物,溴化物,碘化物,硝酸盐,硫酸氢盐,磷酸盐,酸式磷酸盐,异烟酸盐,乳酸盐,水杨酸盐,酸式柠檬酸盐,酒石酸盐,油酸盐,丹宁酸盐,泛酸盐,酒石酸氢盐,抗坏血酸盐,琥珀酸盐,马来酸盐,龙胆酸盐,富马酸盐,葡糖酸盐,葡糖醛酸盐,糖酸盐,甲酸盐,苯甲酸盐,谷氨酸盐,甲磺酸盐,乙磺酸盐,苯磺酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐和扑酸盐(即1,1’-亚甲基-双(2-羟基-3-萘甲酸盐))。药学可接受盐可能牵涉包含另一种分子,诸如乙酸盐离子,琥珀酸盐离子或其它抗衡离子。抗衡离子可以是稳定母体化合物电荷的任何有机或无机部分。另外,药学可接受盐可以在其结构中具有超过一种带电荷原子。在多种带电荷原子作为药学可接受盐的组成部分的情况中可以具有多种抗衡离子。因此,药学可接受盐可具有一种或多种带电荷原子和/或一种或多种抗衡离子。
如果本发明的化合物是碱,那么期望的药学可接受的盐可以通过本领域可得的任何合适方法来制备,例如用无机酸(诸如氢氯酸,氢溴酸,硫酸,硝酸,甲磺酸,磷酸等等)或用有机酸(诸如乙酸,马来酸,琥珀酸,扁桃酸,富马酸/延胡索酸,丙二酸,丙酮酸,草酸,乙醇酸,水杨酸,吡喃糖苷酸(pyranosidyl acid)(诸如葡萄糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸),α羟酸(诸如柠檬酸或酒石酸),氨基酸(诸如天冬氨酸或谷氨酸),芳香酸(诸如苯甲酸或肉桂酸),磺酸(诸如对甲苯磺酸或乙磺酸),等等)处理游离碱。文献中讨论了一般认为适合于自碱性药学化合物形成药学有用或可接受的盐的酸,例如P.Stahl等,Camille G.(编)Handbook ofPharmaceutical Salts.Properties,Selection and Use.(2002)Zurich:Wiley-VCH;S.Berge等,Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences(1977)66(1)1 19;P.Gould,International J.of Pharmaceutics(1986)33 201 217;Anderson等,The Practice ofMedicinal Chemistry(1996),Academic Press,New York;Remington’s PharmaceuticalSciences,第18版,(1995)Mack Publishing Co.,Easton PA;和The Orange Book(Food&Drug Administration,Washington,D.C.,它们的网站)。通过述及将这些公开内容收入本文。
如果本发明的化合物是酸,那么期望的药学可接受的盐可以通过任何合适方法来制备,例如用无机或有机碱(诸如胺(伯,仲或叔)),碱金属氢氧化物或碱土金属氢氧化物,等等处理游离酸。合适的盐的例示性例子包括但不限于自氨基酸(诸如甘氨酸和精氨酸),铵,伯/仲/叔胺,和环胺(诸如哌啶,吗啉和哌嗪)衍生的有机盐,和自钠,钙,钾,镁,锰,铁,铜,锌,铝和锂衍生的无机盐。
短语“药学可接受的”指明该物质或组合物必须是在化学和/或毒理学方面与构成配制剂的其它成分和/或用它治疗的哺乳动物相容的。
“溶剂合物”指一个或多个溶剂分子与本发明化合物的物理缔合物或复合物。本发明的化合物可以以未溶剂化的以及溶剂化的形式存在。形成溶剂合物的溶剂的例子包括但不限于水,异丙醇,乙醇,甲醇,DMSO,乙酸乙酯,乙酸,和乙醇胺。术语“水合物”指其中的溶剂分子是水的复合物。这种物理缔合涉及不同程度的离子和共价键合,包括氢键合。在某些情况中,溶剂合物会能够分离,例如当结晶固体的晶格中掺入一个或多个溶剂分子时。溶剂合物的制备是普遍知道的,例如M.Caira等,J.Pharmaceutical Sci.,93(3),601 611(2004)。溶剂合物,半溶剂合物,水合物等等的类似制备记载于E.C.van Tonder等,AAPSPharmSciTech.,5(1),article 12(2004);和A.L.Bingham等,Chem.Commun.,603 604(2001)。一种典型的非限制性工艺涉及在比环境高的温度在期望量的期望溶剂(有机的或水或其混合物)中溶解本发明化合物,并以足以形成晶体的速率冷却溶液,然后通过标准方法分离晶体。分析技术诸如例如I.R.光谱术显示作为溶剂合物(或水合物)的晶体中溶剂(或水)的存在。
如本文中所使用的,术语“协同的”指比两种或更多种单一药剂的加和效果更有效的治疗剂组合。trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,和一种或多种化疗剂之间的协同相互作用的确定可以基于自本文所述测定法获得的结果。用CalcuSyn软件使用Chou和Talalay组合法和剂量-效果分析来分析这些测定法的结果以获得组合指数“CI”(Chou和Talalay(1984)Adv.Enzyme Regul.22:27-55)。已经在数种测定系统中评估了本发明提供的组合,而且可以利用标准程序来分析数据以量化抗癌药间的协同、加和和拮抗效应。优选利用的程序是Chou和Talalay,“New Avenues in Developmental Cancer Chemotherapy”,AcademicPress,1987,第2章中所记载的。组合指数(CI)小于0.8的值指示协同,大于1.2的值指示拮抗,而介于0.8至1.2之间的值指示加和效应。组合疗法可提供“协同性”和证明是“协同的”,即一起使用活性成分时所实现的效果大于分开使用所致效果的和。当活性成分如下所述时可获得协同效应:(1)以组合的单位剂量配制剂共配制和同时施用或递送;(2)作为分开的配制剂交替递送;或(3)提供一些其它方案。当在交替疗法中递送时,当化合物序贯施用或递送时(例如通过分开的注射器中的不同注射)可获得协同效应。一般而言,在交替疗法期间,序贯地(即时间上连续地)施用有效剂量的每种活性成分。
TRASTUZUMAB-MCC-DM1
本发明包括治疗剂组合,其包含trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),即一种具有如下结构的抗体-药物偶联物(CAS Reg.No.139504-50-0):
其中Tr指trastuzumab,其经由接头部分MCC连接至美登木素生物碱类药物部分DM1(US 5208020;US 6441163)。药物对抗体比或药物载荷在trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的上述结构中用p表示,而且范围为1至约8的整数值。药物载荷值p为1至8。trastuzumab-MCC-DM1包括各种加载和附着的抗体-药物偶联物的所有混合物,其中1,2,3,4,5,6,7,和8个药物部分共价附着至抗体trastuzumab(US 7097840;US 2005/0276812;US 2005/0166993)。trastuzumab-MCC-DM1可以依照实施例1来制备。
trastuzumab是由哺乳动物细胞(中国仓鼠卵巢,CHO)悬浮培养物生产的。HER2(或c-erbB2)原癌基因编码一种185kDa跨膜受体蛋白,其在结构上与表皮生长因子受体相关。在25%-30%的原发性乳腺癌中观察到HER2蛋白质过表达,而且能使用对固定肿瘤块的基于免疫组织化学的评估来确定(Press MF等(1993)Cancer Res 53:4960-70。trastuzumab是一种具有鼠4D5抗体(ATCC CRL 10463,依据布达佩斯条约于1990年5月24日保藏于美国典型培养物保藏中心,12301Parklawn Drive,Rockville,Md.20852)的或自鼠4D5抗体衍生的抗原结合残基的抗体。例示性的人源化4D5抗体包括huMAb4D5-1,huMAb4D5-2,huMAb4D5-3,huMAb4D5-4,huMAb4D5-5,huMAb4D5-6,huMAb4D5-7和huMAb4D5-8如US 5821337中的。
在I期研究中,每3周通过IV输注施用T-DM1的最大耐受剂量(MTD)为3.6mg/kg。DLT(剂量限制毒性)包括用4.8mg/kg处理的3名患者的2名中的4级血小板减少。3.6mg/kg的相关≥2级不良事件罕见且易掌控。如先前所述,这种治疗时间表耐受较好且与显著的临床活性有关。II期研究已经显示每3周施用3.6mg/kg剂量水平有相似的耐受性,只有小百分比的患者(112名患者中的3名)需要降低剂量。如此,基于下述各点在这项研究中为测试选择每3周施用3.6mg/kgT-DM1剂量:1)已证明的每3周3.6mg/kg T-DM1的功效和安全性,和2)3周方案对这个患者群的方便。
化疗剂
某些化疗剂已经在体外和在体内联合trastuzumab-MCC-DM1在抑制细胞增殖中展示了令人惊讶和出乎意料的特性。此类化疗剂包括HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390。
pertuzumab(CAS Reg.No.380610-27-5,2C4,Genentech)是一种抑制HER2二聚化的重组,人源化单克隆抗体(US 6054297;US6407213;US 6800738;US6627196,US 6949245;US 7041292)。pertuzumab和trastuzumab靶向HER-2酪氨酸激酶受体的不同胞外区(Nahta等(2004)Cancer Res.64:2343-2346)。表达2C4(pertuzumab)的杂交瘤细胞系于1999年4月8日作为ATCC HB-12697保藏于美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC),10801University Boulevard,Manassas,Va.20110-2209,USA。pertuzumab阻断HER2受体其它HER受体家族成员,即HER1/EGFR,HER3,和HER4合作的能力(Agus等(2002)Cancer Cell2:127-37;Jackson等(2004)Cancer Res 64:2601-9;Takai等(2005)Cancer 104:2701-8;US 6949245)。在癌细胞中,干扰HER2与其它HER家族受体合作的能力阻断细胞信号传导,而且最终可导致癌细胞生长抑制和癌细胞死亡。由于它们独特的作用模式,HDI具有在广泛的肿瘤中运转的潜力,包括那些不过表达HER2的肿瘤(Mullen等(2007)Molecular CancerTherapeutics 6:93-100)。
pertuzumab基于人IgG1(κ)框架序列。它由两条重链和两条轻链组成。像trastuzumab一样,pertuzumab针对HER2的细胞外结构域。然而,它与trastuzumab的区别在于轻链和重链的表位结合区。因此,pertuzumab结合已知是HER2的亚结构域2内的表位,而trastuzumab的表位位于亚结构域4(Cho等2003;Franklin等2004)。Pertuzumab是通过阻断HER2与其它HER家族成员,包括HER1(表皮生长因子受体;EGFR),HER3,和HER4的结合来起作用的。这种结合是在存在配体下及经MAP-激酶和PI3-激酶发信号所需要的。因此,pertuzumab抑制配体启动的细胞内信号传导。抑制这些信号传导途径分别能导致生长阻滞和凋亡(Hanahan和Weinberg 2000)。因为pertuzumab和trastuzumab结合HER2受体上的不同表位,所以配体活化的下游信号传导受pertuzumab阻断,但不受trastuzumab阻断。因此,pertuzumab发挥其作为抗肿瘤剂的活性可能不需要HER2过表达。另外,由于它们互补的作用模式,pertuzumab和T-DM1组合在过表达HER2的疾病中可具有潜在作用。
pertuzumab已经在五项II期研究中作为单一药剂进行了评估,这五项II期研究是在各种癌症类型中进行的,包括表达低水平HER2的MBC,非小细胞肺癌,激素不应性前列腺癌,和卵巢癌。一项II期试验在具有正常HER2表达的转移性乳腺癌(MBC)患者的二线或三线治疗中作为单一药剂评估pertuzumab(Cortes等(2005)J.Clin.Oncol.23:3068)。已经在两项II期研究中联合trastuzumab评估了pertuzumab(Baselga J等,“A Phase II trial oftrastuzumab and pertuzumab in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breastcancer that had progressed during trastuzumab therapy:full response data”,European Society of Medical Oncology,Stockholm,Sweden,September 12-16,2008;Gelmon等(2008)J.Clin.Oncol.26:1026)。第一项研究登记了11名先前接受多至三种在先含trastuzumab方案,具有HER2阳性MBC的患者(Portera等2007)。Bevacizumab(CASReg.No.216974-75-3,Genentech)是抗VEGF单克隆抗体,其针对血管内皮生长因子(US 7227004;US 6884879;US 7060269;US 7169901;US 7297334),在癌症治疗中使用,其中它通过阻断新血管形成来抑制肿瘤生长。bevacizumab是美国第一种临床可用的血管发生抑制剂,2004年被FDA批准联合标准化疗用于治疗转移性结肠癌和大多数形式的转移性非小细胞肺癌。数项晚期临床研究正在测定它对具有下述癌症的患者的安全性和有效性:佐剂/非转移性结肠癌,转移性乳腺癌,转移性肾细胞癌,转移性多形性成胶质细胞瘤,转移性卵巢癌,转移性激素不应性前列腺癌,和转移的或不能切除的局部晚期的胰腺癌。
抗VEGF抗体通常不会结合其它VEGF同系物,诸如VEGF-B或VEGF-C,也不会结合其它生长因子,诸如PlGF,PDGF或bFGF。优选的抗VEGF抗体包括与由杂交瘤ATCC HB 10709生成的单克隆抗VEGF抗体A4.6.1结合相同表位的单克隆抗体;依照Presta等(1997)CancerRes.57:4593-4599生成的重组人源化抗VEGF单克隆抗体,包括但不限于bevacizumab。bevacizumab包括突变的人IgG1框架区和来自阻断人VEGF结合其受体的鼠抗hVEGF单克隆抗体A.4.6.1的抗原结合互补决定区。bevacizumab大约93%的氨基酸序列(包括大部分框架区)衍生自人IgG1,而约7%的序列衍生自鼠抗体A4.6.1。bevacizumab具有约149,000道尔顿的分子量,而且是糖基化的。bevacizumab和其它人源化抗VEGF抗体进一步记载于US6884879。别的抗VEGF抗体包括G6或B20系列抗体(例如G6-31,B20-4.1),如WO2005/012359图27-29任一所示。在一个实施方案中,B20系列抗体结合人VEGF上包含残基F17,M18,D19,Y21,Y25,Q89,I91,K101,E103,和C104的功能性表位。
表达A 4.6.1(ATCC HB 10709)和B 2.6.2(ATCC HB 10710)抗VEGF的杂交瘤细胞系已经在美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC),10801University Boulevard,Manassas,VA20110-2209USA保藏和维持。表达由鉴别为DNA29101-1276的ATCC保藏物的核苷酸序列插入物编码的VEGF-E多肽的克隆(US 6391311)于1998年3月5日保藏于美国典型培养物保藏中心,10801University Boulevard,Manassas,Va.20110-2209,USA,并作为ATCC 209653维持。
5-FU(氟尿嘧啶,5-氟尿嘧啶,CAS Reg.No.51-21-8)是一种胸苷酸合酶抑制剂,而且已经用于癌症(包括结肠直肠癌和胰腺癌)数十年(US 2802005,US 2885396;Barton等(1972)Jour.Org.Chem.37:329;Hansen,R.M.(1991)Cancer Invest.9:637-642)。5-FU的名称是5-氟-1H-嘧啶-2,4-二酮,而且具有如下结构:
卡铂(CAS Reg.No.41575-94-4)是一种针对卵巢癌,肺癌,头颈癌使用的化疗药物(US 4140707)。卡铂的名称是azanide;环丁烷-1,1-二羧酸铂,而且具有如下结构:
lapatinib(CAS Reg.No.388082-78-8,GW572016,GlaxoSmithKline)已经被批准联合卡培他滨(Roche)用于治疗具有晚期或转移性乳腺癌,其肿瘤过表达HER2(ErbB2)且其已经接受在先疗法(包括蒽环类抗生素,紫杉烷和trastuzumab)的患者。lapatinib是一种ATP竞争性表皮生长因子(EGFR)和HER2/neu(ErbB-2)双重酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(US 6727256;US 6713485;US 7109333;US 6933299;US7084147;US 7157466;US 7141576),其通过结合EGFR/HER2蛋白质激酶结构域的ATP结合袋来抑制受体自磷酸化和活化。lapatinib的名称是N-(3-氯-4-(3-氟苄氧基)苯基)-6-(5-((2-(甲基磺酰基)乙基氨基)甲基)呋喃-2-基)喹唑啉-4-胺,而且具有如下结构:
ABT-869(Abbott和Genentech)是VEGF和PDGF家族受体酪氨酸激酶的一种多靶抑制剂,用于癌症的潜在口服治疗(US 7297709;US 2004/235892;US 2007/104780)。临床试验已经启动,治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC),肝细胞癌(HCC),和肾细胞癌(RCC)。ABT-869的名称是1-(4-(3-氨基-1H-吲唑-4-基)苯基)-3-(2-氟-5-甲基苯基)脲(CAS No.796967-16-3),具有如下结构:
多西他赛(Sanofi-Aventis)用于治疗乳腺癌,卵巢癌,和NSCLC(US 4814470;US 5438072;US 5698582;US 5714512;US 5750561)。多西他赛的名称是(2R,3S)-N-羧基-3-苯基异丝氨酸N-叔-丁基酯与5,20-环氧-1,2,4,7,10,13-六羟基紫杉-11-烯-9-酮4-乙酸酯2-苯甲酸酯的13-酯,三水合物(US 4814470;EP 253738;CASReg.No.114977-28-5),而且具有如下结构:
GDC-0941(Genentech Inc.)是PI3K的一种选择性口服生物可利用噻吩并嘧啶抑制剂,其具有有希望的药动学和制药学特性(Folkes等(2008)Jour.of Med.Chem.51(18):5522-5532;US 2008/0076768;US 2008/0207611;Belvin等,American Association forCancer Research Annual Meeting 2008,99th:April 15,Abstract 4004;Folkes等,American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2008,99th:April 14,Abstract LB-146;Friedman等,American Association for Cancer Research AnnualMeeting 2008,99th:April14,Abstract LB-110)。GDC-0941在体外和在体内联合某些化疗剂针对实体瘤细胞系显示协同活性(US Ser.No.12/208,227,Belvin等“Combinations OfPhosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitor Compounds And Chemotherapeutic Agents,AndMethods Of Use”,filed 10Sept 2008)。GDC-0941的名称是4-(2-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-6-((4-(甲基磺酰基)哌嗪-1-基)甲基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-4-基)吗啉(CAS Reg.No.957054-30-7),而且具有如下结构:
GNE-390(Genentech Inc.)是PI3K的一种选择性口服生物可利用噻吩并嘧啶抑制剂,其具有有希望的药动学和制药学特性(US 2008/0242665;WO 2008/070740)。GNE-390在体外和在体内联合某些化疗剂针对实体瘤细胞系显示协同活性(US Ser.No.12/208,227,Belvin等“Combinations Of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitor Compounds AndChemotherapeutic Agents,And Methods Of Use”,filed 10Sept 2008)。GNE-390的名称是(S)-1-(4-((2-(2-氨基嘧啶-5-基)-7-甲基-4-吗啉代噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-6-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-羟基丙-1-酮,而且具有如下结构:
生物学评估
使用trastuzumab-MCC DM1 T-DM1)联合不同化疗剂或生物学靶向剂对多种HER2扩增的细胞系实施了体外细胞培养研究。使用Chou&Talalay方法分析了数据,为以每种药物的IC50倍数设定的每种组合测定组合指数(CI)。CI值小于0.7指示协同性;CI值介于0.7-1.3之间指示加和性;而CI值大于1.3指示拮抗性。对于与化疗剂的组合,T-DM1联合多西他赛或5-FU导致加和或协同的抗增殖活性,而与吉西他滨或卡铂的组合没有影响或与T-DM1拮抗。小鼠异种移植物研究显示了相似的结果,其中T-DM1联合多西他赛或5-FU导致与用单独药剂治疗相比大大增强的抗肿瘤功效。T-DM1联合卡铂导致与单独的任一药物相比增强的功效,而T-DM1与吉西他滨的组合不比单独的T-DM1更有效。与用单独的药剂治疗相比,T-DM1联合pertuzumab,lapatinib或GDC-0941任一在细胞培养实验中导致加和或协同的抗增殖活性,而且在体内导致大大增强的抗肿瘤功效。相反,由于结合HER2上相同的表位,未偶联的trastuzumab拮抗T-DM1的活性。在使用T-DM1与抗血管发生剂诸如抗体B20-4.1或小分子抑制剂ABT-869的组合的体内研究中,所有测试的组合导致增强的抗肿瘤功效,除了与B20-4.1一起给予的最高剂量的T-DM1(10或15mg/kg)。
通过在过表达HER2的乳腺肿瘤细胞中测量体外抗增殖活性及在乳腺癌异种移植物模型中测量体内抗肿瘤功效,研究了trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)与多种抗癌药的组合。在这些研究中,将trastuzumab-MCC-DM1添加至细胞毒性化疗剂,抗体,或小分子激酶抑制剂。
抗VEGF鼠抗体B20-4.1(Liang等(2006)Jour.Biol.Chem.281:951-961),一种bevacizumab替代物,和trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的组合在乳腺癌小鼠异种移植物模型中导致比单独的B20-4.1要大的抗肿瘤活性。这些研究的结果提供协同效应的预测基础和包括trastuzumab-MCC-DM1联合不同抗肿瘤疗法的治疗方案在HER2阳性乳腺癌中的未来临床评估的基本原理。
对HER2靶向剂诸如trastuzumab-DM1加lapatinib,或trastuzumab-DM1联合HER2抗体pertuzumab(一种HER2二聚化抑制剂)的组合观察到协同药物效应。
trastuzumab-MCC-DM1联合卡铂或5-FU显示与用各药剂单独治疗相比增强的活性,而与吉西他滨联合治疗不导致升高的抗肿瘤活性。
用GDC-0941,p110同等型的一种小分子激酶泛抑制剂(WO 2007/129161)阻断PI3激酶途径加强trastuzumab-DM1的活性。
T-DM1联合PI3K抑制剂GDC-0941在具有突变的PI3K:BT-474(K111N),MDA-361.1(E545K),和KPL4(H1047R)的HER2扩增的乳腺癌系中增强抗肿瘤活性。在体外联合治疗导致对细胞增殖的加和或协同抑制,以及升高的凋亡。类似地,在MDA-MB-361.1和Fo5HER2扩增的异种移植物模型中,与单一药剂活性相比,联合药物治疗增强体内功效。对每种药剂的生物标志物的生物化学分析显示T-DM1和GDC-0941二者对磷酸-Akt和磷酸-ERK的抑制,GDC-0941对Rb和PRAS40磷酸化的降低,及用T-DM1处理后有丝分裂标志物磷酸-组蛋白H3和细胞周期蛋白B1水平降低。另外,T-DM1治疗在这些乳腺癌模型中导致凋亡,如通过23kDa PARP切割片段出现,Bcl-XL水平降低,以及胱天蛋白酶3和7活化所确定的。将GDC-0941添加至T-DM1进一步增强凋亡诱导。这些研究为在HER2扩增的乳腺癌中使用理性药物组合提供证据,而且为其疾病在基于trastuzumab或lapatinib的疗法上仍有发展的患者提供另外的治疗办法。
体外细胞增殖测定法
通过实施例2的细胞增殖测定法;CellTiter-发光细胞生存力测定法,可购自Promega Corp.,Madison,WI来测量trastuzumab-MCC-DM1与化疗剂的组合的体外功效。这种均质测定方法基于鞘翅目(Coleoptera)萤光素酶的重组表达(US 5583024;US5674713;US 5700670),并基于存在的ATP的量来测定培养物中存活细胞的数目,ATP是代谢活性细胞的一种指示剂(Crouch等(1993)J.Immunol.Meth.160:81-88;US 6602677)。CellTiter-测定法以96或384孔形式进行,使之适应自动化高通量筛选(HTS)(Cree等(1995)AntiCancer Drugs 6:398-404)。均质测定规程涉及直接向在补充有血清的培养基中培养的细胞添加单一试剂(CellTiter-试剂)。不需要细胞清洗,清除培养基和多个移液步骤。该系统在添加试剂和混合后10分钟里以384孔形式检测少至15个细胞/孔。
均质“添加-混合-测量”形式导致细胞溶胞和与存在的ATP的量成比例的发光信号生成。ATP的量与培养物中存在的细胞数成正比。CellTiter-测定法生成“辉光型”发光信号,其由具有一般大于5小时的半衰期(取决于所使用的细胞类型和培养基)的萤光素酶反应生成。存活细胞反映为相对光单位(RLU)。底物甲虫萤光素被重组萤火虫萤光素酶氧化性脱羧基,伴随着ATP转变成AMP并生成光子。延长的半衰期消除了对使用试剂注射器的需要,而且为连续或分批模式加工多块板提供了灵活性。这种细胞增殖测定法可以与各种多孔形式,例如96或384孔形式一起使用。可以通过光度计或CCD照相机成像装置来记录数据。发光输出表述为随时间测量的相对光单位(RLU)。
针对图1-9和18-33中的肿瘤细胞系通过CellTiter-测定法(实施例2)测量trastuzumab-MCC-DM1及与化疗剂的组合的抗增殖效果。
例示性的实施方案包括一种用于为癌症治疗确定要组合使用的化合物的方法,包括:a)对体外肿瘤细胞系施用trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)和化疗剂的治疗剂组合,并b)测量协同或非协同效应。组合指数(CI)值大于1.3指示拮抗性;CI值介于0.7-1.3之间指示加和性;而CI值小于0.7指示协同性药物相互作用。
图1显示trastuzumab联合trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)在各IC50值倍数的多种浓度(表1)在trastuzumab敏感性的SK-BR-3细胞中的拮抗效应。将存活细胞数相对于IC50倍数值绘图。每种组合在IC10至IC90上的组合指数(CI)大于2,指示体外拮抗。然而,T-DM1+trastuzumab组合在体内不显示拮抗效应。
表1 SK-BR-3增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | trastuzumab ng/ml | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.5X | 20.57 | 2.28 | 5.1 | >2 |
1X | 61.72 | 6.86 | 26.2 | >2 |
2X | 185.19 | 20.58 | 36.3 | >2 |
4X | 555.56 | 61.73 | 43.6 | >2 |
8X | 1666.67 | 185.19 | 45.0 | >2 |
16X | 5000 | 555.56 | 41.7 | >2 |
图2显示trastuzumab联合trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)在各IC50值倍数的多种浓度(表2)在trastuzumab抗性的BT-474EEI细胞中的拮抗效应。将存活细胞数相对于IC50倍数值绘图。每种组合在IC10至IC90上的组合指数(CI)大于2,指示拮抗
表2 BT-474-EEI增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | trastuzumab ng/ml | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.125X | 1.52 | 1.52 | 9.5 | >2 |
0.25X | 4.57 | 4.57 | 4.5 | >2 |
0.5X | 13.71 | 13.71 | 3.1 | >2 |
1X | 41.15 | 41.15 | 12.1 | >2 |
2X | 123.46 | 123.46 | 10.8 | >2 |
4X | 370.4 | 370.4 | 11.6 | >2 |
8X | 1111.1 | 1111.1 | 18.4 | >2 |
图3显示pertuzumab联合trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)在各IC50值倍数的多种浓度(表3)在MDA-MB-175细胞中的协同效应。将存活细胞数相对于IC50倍数值绘图。每种组合在IC10至IC90上的组合指数(CI)低于1,平均CI=0.387,指示协同(表3)。
表3 MDA-MB-175增殖–5天
IC50倍数 | pertuzumab ng/ml | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.0625X | 39.06 | 31.25 | 21.1 | 0.2 |
0.125X | 78.13 | 62.5 | 33.3 | 0.107 |
0.25X | 156.3 | 125 | 21.9 | .766 |
0.5X | 312.5 | 250 | 33.6 | 0.597 |
1X | 625 | 500 | 50.7 | 0.391 |
2X | 1250 | 1000 | 67.7 | 0.259 |
图3a显示5天MDA-MB-175体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的pertuzumab,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和pertuzumab和T-DM1组合的图。将存活细胞数相对于IC50倍数值绘图。每种组合在IC10至IC90上的组合指数(CI)低于1,平均CI=0.096,指示协同(表3a)。
表3a MDA-MB-175增殖–5天
IC50倍数 | 效果(%) | CI |
0.0625x | 21.3 | 0.093 |
0.125x | 37.5 | 0.037 |
0.25x | 40.1 | 0.060 |
0.5x | 50.3 | 0.052 |
1x | 53.9 | 0.078 |
2x | 57.0 | 0.120 |
4x | 65.5 | 0.117 |
8x | 66.8 | 0.208 |
图4显示5天BT-474体外细胞生存力对各种固定剂量的pertuzumab联合trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和单独的各种剂量的T-DM1的剂量响应的图。图4显示固定剂量的T-DM1联合各种剂量的pertuzumab的效果。将pertuzumab添加至T-DM1导致比单独的T-DM1略微更大的抗增殖活性。
图5显示5天BT-474体外细胞生存力对各种固定剂量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)联合pertuzumab,和单独的各种剂量的pertuzumab的剂量响应的图。图5显示固定剂量的pertuzumab联合各种剂量的T-DM1对BT-474细胞增殖的效果。将T-DM1添加至pertuzumab增强单独的pertuzumab的效果。
图6显示pertuzumab联合trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)在各IC50值倍数的多种浓度(表4)在BT-474细胞中的协同效果。将存活细胞数相对于IC50倍数值绘图。IC10至IC90的组合指数(CI)值范围为0.198至1.328。此范围的平均CI=0.658,指示协同。
表4 BT-474增殖–5天
IC50倍数 | pertuzumab ng/ml | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.25X | 34.29 | 11.43 | 3.9 | >2 |
0.5X | 102.88 | 34.29 | 2.0 | >2 |
1X | 308.64 | 102.88 | 58.9 | 0.198 |
2X | 925.93 | 308.64 | 64.6 | 0.449 |
4X | 2777 | 926 | 64.9 | 1.328 |
图7显示3天SK-BR-3体外细胞生存力对不同剂量的T-DM1联合固定剂量的lapatinib(4.5nM,14nM,41nM,123nM),和单独的不同剂量的T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的图。将lapatinib添加至T-DM1导致比单独的T-DM1略微更大的抗增殖活性。
图7a显示3天SK-BR-3体外细胞生存力对T-DM1,lapatinib,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1和lapatinib组合(如表7a所示)的图。介于IC10和IC90之间的平均CI值=0.793,指示加和效应。
表7a SK-BR-3增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | lapatinib nM | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.25x | 4.57 | 1.52 | 3.5 | >2 |
0.5x | 13.72 | 4.57 | 22.0 | 1.384 |
1x | 41.15 | 13.72 | 52.5 | 0.596 |
2x | 123.44 | 41.15 | 75.9 | 0.406 |
4x | 370.33 | 123.44 | 81.1 | 0.787 |
8x | 1111 | 370.33 | 80.1 | >2 |
图8a显示3天BT-474体外细胞生存力对T-DM1,lapatinib,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1和lapatinib组合(如表8a所示)的图。介于IC10和IC90之间的平均CI值=0.403,指示协同。
表8a BT-474增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | lapatinib nM | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.125x | 0.51 | 1.52 | 1.4 | >2 |
0.25x | 1.52 | 4.57 | 1.2 | >2 |
0.5x | 4.57 | 13.72 | 26.8 | 0.493 |
1x | 13.72 | 41.15 | 62.2 | 0.201 |
2x | 41.15 | 123.44 | 73.9 | 0.293 |
4x | 123.44 | 370.33 | 84.1 | 0.390 |
8x | 370.33 | 1111 | 89.3 | 0.638 |
图8显示3天BT-474体外细胞生存力对不同剂量的T-DM1联合固定剂量的lapatinib(1.5nM,4.5nM,14nM,41nM,123nM),和单独的不同剂量的T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的图。将lapatinib添加至T-DM1导致比单独的任一药物相比更大的抗增殖活性。
图9显示3天BT-474-EEI体外细胞生存力对不同剂量的T-DM1联合固定剂量的lapatinib(14nM,41nM,123nM,370nM,1111nM),和单独的不同剂量的T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的图。将lapatinib添加至T-DM1导致比单独的任一药物更大的抗增殖活性。
图18显示3天SK-BR-3体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的5-FU,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和固定剂量比例的5-FU和T-DM1组合(表18)的图。5-FU和T-DM1组合在SK-BR-3细胞上是加和的,介于IC10和IC90之间的平均CI=0.952。
表18 5-FU+T-DM1:SK-BR-3增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | 5-FU(μM) | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.5x | 62.5 | 1.95 | 38.9 | 1.035 |
1x | 125 | 3.91 | 60.3 | 0.647 |
2x | 250 | 7.81 | 69.2 | 0.835 |
4x | 500 | 15.625 | 74.3 | 1.292 |
图19显示3天BT-474体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的5-FU,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和固定剂量比例的5-FU和T-DM1组合(表19)的图。5-FU和T-DM1组合在BT-474细胞上是协同的,平均CI值=0.623。
表19 5-FU+T-DM1:BT-474增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | 5-FU(μM) | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.25x | 0.488 | 3.90 | 17.1 | 0.508 |
0.5x | 0.976 | 7.81 | 26.8 | 0.494 |
1x | 1.95 | 15.62 | 38.2 | 0.513 |
2x | 3.91 | 31.25 | 46.8 | 0.661 |
4x | 7.81 | 62.5 | 53.6 | 0.941 |
图20显示3天SK-BR-3体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的吉西他滨,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和固定剂量比例的吉西他滨和T-DM1组合(表20)的图。吉西他滨联合T-DM1导致拮抗性药物相互作用,所有所测试的组合CI值>1.3。
表20吉西他滨(GEM)+T-DM1:SK-BR-3增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | GEM(nM) | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.5x | 3.12 | 6.25 | 28.7 | 1.308 |
1x | 6.25 | 12.5 | 61.4 | 1.500 |
2x | 12.5 | 25 | 69.9 | 2.588 |
4x | 25 | 50 | 72.2 | 4.957 |
图21显示3天MDA-MD-361体外细胞生存力相对于IC50倍数浓度的吉西他滨,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),和固定剂量比例的吉西他滨和T-DM1组合(表21)的图。药物组合给出拮抗效应,平均CI=1.706。
表21吉西他滨(GEM)+T-DM1:MDA-MD-361增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | GEM(nM) | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.125x | 0.39 | 3.12 | 4.5 | 1.420 |
0.25x | 0.78 | 6.25 | 10.3 | 1.584 |
0.5x | 1.56 | 12.5 | 30.7 | 1.336 |
1x | 3.12 | 25 | 59.2 | 1.280 |
2x | 6.25 | 50 | 76.3 | 1.581 |
4x | 12.5 | 100 | 80.3 | 2.747 |
图22显示以IC50倍数浓度0.25x至4x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1(6.25至100ng/ml)和GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)组合处理后3天KPL4体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。表22显示10-90%抑制范围中的效果及计算CI值和平均CI为1.111。
加和性Bliss预测在图22中以虚线绘图。Bliss独立性图显示自两种单一化合物的组合计算的加和响应。
表22 GDC-0941+T-DM1:KPL4增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | GDC-0941(nM) | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.25x | 62.5 | 6.25 | 1.0 | 6.319 |
0.5x | 125 | 12.5 | 33.9 | 1.229 |
1x | 250 | 25 | 71.8 | 1.053 |
2x | 500 | 50 | 91.1 | 1.051 |
4x | 1000 | 100 | 93.7 | 1.753 |
图23显示以IC50倍数浓度0.0625x至16x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1(1.25至80ng/ml)和GDC-0941(31.25nM至2μM)组合处理后3天KPL4体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。加和性Bliss预测以虚线绘图。表23显示10-90%抑制范围中的效果及计算CI值和平均CI为0.802。T-DM1和GDC-0941组合在KPL4细胞系中是加和的。
表23 GDC-0941+T-DM1:KPL4增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | GDC-0941(nM) | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.125x | 31.25 | 1.25 | 12.6 | 1.100 |
0.25x | 62.5 | 2.5 | 20.6 | 1.344 |
0.5x | 125 | 5 | 39.2 | 1.263 |
1x | 250 | 10 | 84.5 | 0.452 |
2x | 500 | 20 | 94.9 | 0.350 |
4x | 1000 | 40 | 97.1 | 0.440 |
8x | 2000 | 80 | 97.9 | 0.668 |
图24显示以IC50倍数浓度0至16x用T-DM1,PI103,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1+PI103,和T-DM1+GDC-0941组合处理后Her2扩增的、抗性、PIK3CA(H1047R)突变的KPL-4细胞体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。表24显示组合指数值。结果提示T-DM-1和GDC-0941之间的中等体外协同性(因为CI值介于0.5和1之间)及T-DM-1和PI103之间的加和性(因为CI值接近1)。
表24组合:KPL4增殖
CI: | T-DM1+GDC-0941 | T-DM1+PI103 |
ED50 | 0.74303 | 1.04069 |
ED75 | 0.63448 | 0.9721 |
ED90 | 0.54179 | 0.91094 |
PI3K选择性抑制剂,PI103(Hayakawa等(2007)Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.17:2438-2442;Raynaud等(2007)Cancer Res.67:5840-5850;Fan等(2006)Cancer Cell 9:341-349;US 6608053),具有如下结构:
图25显示用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1和GDC-0941组合处理后24小时KPL4胱天蛋白酶3/7体外细胞凋亡(程序性细胞死亡)的图。T-DM1和GDC-0941组合导致与单独的任一药剂相比大大增强的凋亡。
图26显示用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1和GDC-0941组合处理后3天KPL4体外细胞凋亡(程序性细胞死亡)的图。T-DM1和GDC-0941组合导致与单独的任一药剂相比大大增强的凋亡。
图27显示以IC50倍数浓度0.125x至8x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1(3.125至50ng/ml)和GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)组合处理后3天MDA-MB-361体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。加和性Bliss预测以虚线绘图。表27显示10-90%抑制范围中的效果及计算CI值和平均CI为0.888。T-DM1联合GDC-0941在MDA-MB-361细胞中导致加和性抗增殖活性,平均CI=0.889。
表27 GDC-0941+T-DM1:MDA-MB-361增殖–3天
图28显示以IC50倍数浓度0.125x至8x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1(3.125至100ng/ml)和GDC-0941(62.5nM至2μM)组合处理后3天MDA-MB-361体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。加和性Bliss预测以虚线绘图。表28显示10-90%抑制范围中的结果及计算CI值和平均CI为0.813。T-DM1联合GDC-0941在MDA-MB-361细胞中导致加和性抗增殖活性,平均CI=0.813。
表28 GDC-0941+T-DM1:MDA-MB-361增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | GDC-0941(nM) | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.25x | 62.5 | 3.125 | 28.6 | 0.785 |
0.5x | 125 | 6.25 | 36.7 | 0.960 |
1x | 250 | 12.5 | 48.5 | 1.026 |
2x | 500 | 25 | 66.6 | 0.807 |
4x | 1000 | 50 | 82.2 | 0.590 |
8x | 2000 | 100 | 87.7 | 0.709 |
图29显示以IC50倍数浓度0.125x至4x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1(3.125至100ng/ml)和GDC-0941(31.25nM至1μM)组合处理后3天BT-474体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。加和性Bliss预测以虚线绘图。表29显示10-90%抑制范围中的结果及计算CI值和平均CI为1.2122。使用这些剂量比,GDC-0941和T-DM1在BT-474上不具有组合效果。
表29 GDC-0941+T-DM1:BT-474增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | GDC-0941(nM) | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.125x | 31.25 | 3.125 | 8.0 | >2 |
0.25x | 62.5 | 6.25 | 22.7 | 1.032 |
0.5x | 125 | 12.5 | 31.4 | 1.178 |
1x | 250 | 25 | 43.9 | 1.207 |
2x | 500 | 50 | 53.9 | 1.473 |
4x | 1000 | 100 | 71.5 | 1.171 |
图30显示以IC50倍数浓度0.25x至4x用T-DM1,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1(6.25至100ng/ml)和GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)组合处理后3天BT-474体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。加和性Bliss预测以虚线绘图。表30显示10-90%抑制范围中的结果及计算CI值和平均CI为0.997,指示加和。
表30 GDC-0941+T-DM1:BT-474增殖–3天
IC50倍数 | GDC-0941(nM) | T-DM1ng/ml | 效果(%) | CI |
0.25x | 62.5 | 6.25 | 19.7 | 1.338 |
0.5x | 125 | 12.5 | 31.5 | 1.167 |
1x | 250 | 25 | 49.0 | 0.886 |
2x | 500 | 50 | 66.0 | 0.708 |
4x | 1000 | 100 | 73.9 | 0.886 |
图31显示以IC50倍数浓度0至16x用T-DM1,PI103,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1+PI103,和T-DM1+GDC-0941组合处理后3天Her2扩增的、非PI3K突变的AU565细胞体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。表31显示组合指数值。结果提示T-DM-1和GDC-0941之间的体外拮抗(因为CI值介于>1(between>1)),及T-DM-1和PI103之间的加和或轻微拮抗(因为CI值接近或略微大于1)。
表31 组合:AU565增殖
CI: | T-DM1+GDC-0941 | T-DM1+PI103 |
ED50 | 1.19123 | 1.12269 |
ED75 | 1.36342 | 0.97338 |
ED90 | 1.56063 | 0.84956 |
图32显示以IC50倍数浓度0至16x用T-DM1,PI103,GDC-0941,和固定剂量的T-DM1+PI103,和T-DM1+GDC-0941组合处理后3天Her2扩增的\PIK3CA(C420R)突变的EFM192A细胞体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。表32显示组合指数值。结果提示T-DM-1和GDC-0941之间的中等体外协同(因为CI值介于0.5和1之间),及T-DM-1和PI103之间的协同(因为CI值接近0.5)。
表32组合:EFM192A增殖
CI at: | T-DM1+GDC-0941 | T-DM1+PI103 |
ED50 | 0.80379 | 0.53861 |
ED75 | 0.66352 | 0.52087 |
ED90 | 0.5485 | 0.52001 |
图33显示以IC50倍数浓度0至16x用T-DM1,PI103,GDC-0941,和固定剂量比例的T-DM1+PI103,和T-DM1+GDC-0941组合处理后3天Her2扩增的,抗性的,PIK3CA(H1047R)突变的,HCC1954细胞体外细胞生存力(增殖)的图。表33显示组合指数值。结果提示T-DM-1和GDC-0941之间的加和或略微体外协同(因为CI值接近1),及T-DM-1和PI103之间的略微协同(因为CI值<1)。
表33组合:HCC1954增殖
CI at: | T-DM1+GDC-0941 | T-DM1+PI103 |
ED50 | 1.15864 | 0.78902 |
ED75 | 0.92365 | 0.78684 |
ED90 | 0.74198 | 0.80771 |
体内肿瘤异种移植物功效
可以在体内测量本发明的组合的功效,即在啮齿类中植入癌细胞的同种异体移植物或异种移植物,并用所述组合处理肿瘤。根据细胞系,肿瘤细胞中某些突变的存在或缺失,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和化疗剂的施用次序,剂量给药方案,和其它因素,预期结果是易变的。将受试小鼠用药物或对照(媒介)处理,并监测数周或更长时间以测量到达肿瘤倍增的时间,对数细胞杀伤,和肿瘤抑制(实施例3)。图10-17和34-37通过在小鼠中的异种移植物肿瘤抑制显示trastuzumab-MCC-DM1联合化疗剂的功效。
图10显示如下给药后接种入SCID米色小鼠乳房脂肪垫的KPL-4肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)ADC缓冲液,(2)pertuzumab 15mg/kg,(3)T-DM1 0.3mg/kg,(4)T-DM1 1mg/kg,(5)T-DM1 3mg/kg,(6)pertuzumab 15mg/kg+T-DM1 0.3mg,(7)pertuzumab15mg/kg+T-DM1 1mg/kg,(8)pertuzumab 15mg/kg+T-DM1 3mg/kg。服用ADC缓冲液(1)的动物0例PR和0例CR。服用15mg/kg pertuzumab(2)的动物0例PR和0例CR。服用单独的0.3mg/kgT-DM1(3)的动物0例PR和0例CR。服用单独的1mg/kgT-DM1(4)的动物1例PR和0例CR。服用单独的3mg/kgT-DM1(5)的动物7例PR和0例CR。服用15mg/kg pertuzumab和0.3mg/kg T-DM1组合(6)的动物5例PR和0例CR。服用15mg/kg pertuzumab和1mg/kg T-DM1组合(7)的动物8例PR和0例CR。服用15mg/kg pertuzumab和3mg/kg T-DM1组合(8)的动物8例PR和0例CR。pertuzumab和T-DM1组合在KPL4异种移植物中导致比单独的任一药剂更大的抗肿瘤活性。
图11显示如下给药后接种入SCID米色小鼠乳房脂肪垫的KPL-4肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)ADC缓冲液,(2)5-FU 100mg/kg,(3)pertuzumab,40mg/kg,(4)B20-4.1,5mg/kg,(5)T-DM1,5mg/kg,(6)5-FU,100mg/kg+T-DM1,5mg,(7)pertuzumab,40mg/kg+T-DM1,5mg/kg,(8),-4.1 5mg/kg+T-DM1,5mg/kg,(9)B20-4.1,5mg/kg+pertuzumab,40mg/kg。在研究结束时,对所有小于50mm3体积的剩余肿瘤进行组织学评估,确定了单一药剂(5)T-DM1,5mg/kg中的8份样品,组合组(6)5-FU,100mg/kg+T-DM1,5mg中的5份样品,和组合组(7)pertuzumab,40mg/kg+T-DM1,5mg/kg中的8份样品没有存活肿瘤细胞的证据。
图12显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-HER2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介(ADC缓冲液),(2)B20-4.1,5mg/kg,(3)T-DM1,3mg/kg,(4)T-DM1,5mg/kg,(5)T-DM1,10mg/kg,(6)B20-4.1,5mg/kg+T-DM1,3mg/kg,(7)B20-4.1,5mg/kg+T-DM1,5mg/kg,(8)B20-4.1,5mg/kg+T-DM1,,10mg/kg。对于T-DM13和5mg/kg,而非10mg/kg,T-DM1和B20-4.1组合导致增强的肿瘤生长抑制。
图13显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-HER2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介(ADC缓冲液),(2)T-DM1,10mg/kg,(3)5-FU,100mg/kg,(4)吉西他滨,120mg/kg,(5)卡铂,100mg/kg,(6)5-FU,100mg/kg+T-DM1,10mg/kg,(7)吉西他滨,120mg/kg+T-DM1,10mg/kg,(8)卡铂,100mg/kg+T-DM1,10mg/kg。T-DM1联合5-FU,卡铂或吉西他滨导致与单一药剂处理相比增强的抗肿瘤功效。
图14显示如下给药后接种入Harlan无胸腺裸小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-Her2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤异种移植物的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介(PBS缓冲液)iv,qwk x4,(2)lapatinib,101mg/kg,po,bid x21,(3)pertuzumab,40mg/kg,iv,qwk x4,(4)B20-4.1,5mg/kg,ip,2x/wk x4,(5)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk至结束,(6)lapatinib,101mg/kg,po,bid x21+T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk至结束,(7)pertuzumab,40mg/kg,iv,qwk x4+T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk至结束,(8)B20-4.1,5mg/kg,ip,2x/wk x4+T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk至结束。
15mg/kg剂量的单一药剂T-DM1(5)与15mg/kg T-DM1和5mg/kg B20-4.1组合(8)没有显著差异。在这项研究中,lapatinib和pertuzumab与媒介没有差异。B20-4.1显示与媒介相比功效升高的趋势。T-DM1作为单一药剂是有效的(p<0.01)。T-DM1与lapatinib的组合显著好于单独的lapatinib(p<0.01),但是与单独的T-DM1没有差异。T-DM1与pertuzumab的组合显著好于单独的pertuzumab(p<0.01),但是与单独的T-DM1没有差异。T-DM1与B20-4.1的组合显著好于单独的B20-4.1(p<0.01),但是与单独的T-DM1没有差异。
图15显示如下给药后接种入Harlan无胸腺裸小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-Her2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤异种移植物的肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的体内功效的图:(1)媒介(PBS缓冲液)po,bid x21,(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,qd x1,(4)ABT-869,5mg/kg,po,bid x21,(5)ABT-869,15mg/kg,po,bid x21,(6)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,qdx1+ABT-869,5mg/kg,po,bid x21,(7)T-DM1 7.5mg/kg,iv,qd x1+ABT-869,15mg/kg,po,bid x21,(8)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,qd x1+ABT-869,5mg/kg,po,bid x21,(9)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,qd x1+ABT-869,15mg/kg,po,bid x21。
T-DM1和ABT-869,5mg/kg组合显示两例部分响应(8),没有比单一药剂ABT-869,5mg/kg(4)显著更有效。T-DM1和ABT-869,15mg/kg组合(9)略微比单一药剂ABT-869,15mg/kg(5)更有效。对于到达终点时间(time to endpoint),以5mg/kg服用ABT-869显著好于媒介(p<0.01),但是对于到达肿瘤倍增的时间,与媒介没有差异。对于到达肿瘤倍增的时间和到达肿瘤终点时间二者,以15mg/kg服用ABT-869和以7.5或15mg/kg服用T-DM1显著好于媒介(p<0.01)。7.5mg/kg T-DM1和5mg/kg ABT-869组合与单一药剂7.5mg/kg T-DM1没有差异。与单一药剂5mg/kg ABT-869相比,7.5mg/kg T-DM1+5mg/kg ABT-869组合的到达肿瘤倍增的时间显著更好(p<0.01),但是到达终点时间没有差异。7.5mg/kg T-DM1和15mg/kgABT-869组合显著好于任一单一药剂(p<0.01)。15mg/kg T-DM1+5mg/kg ABT-869组合与15mg/kg T-DM1单一药剂没有差异。与5mg/kg ABT-869单一药剂相比,15mg/kg T-DM1和5mg/kg ABT-869组合的到达终点时间没有差异,但是到达肿瘤倍增的时间有显著差异(p<0.01)。对于到达肿瘤倍增的时间,15mg/kg T-DM1+15mg/kg ABT-869组合显著好于单独的15mg/kg ABT-869,而且好于单独的15mg/kg T-DM1(p<0.01)。15mg/kg T-DM1和15mg/kg T-DM1+15mg/kg ABT-869的到达终点时间没有差异。
图16显示如下给药后接种入Harlan无胸腺裸小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-Her2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤异种移植物的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介,iv,qwk x3,(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2,(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2,(4)多西他赛,30mg/kg,iv,qwk x3,(5)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2+多西他赛,30mg/kg,iv,qwk x3,(6)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2+多西他赛,30mg/kg,iv,qwk x3。
服用单独的15mg/kg T-DM1(3)的动物6例部分响应(PR)和1例完全响应(CR)。服用单独的30mg/kg多西他赛(4)的动物2例PR。服用7.5mg/kg T-DM1和30mg/kg多西他赛组合(5)的动物10例PR。服用15mg/kg T-DM1和30mg/kg多西他赛组合(6)的动物显示7例PR和3例CR的剂量响应。所有单一药剂组与媒介组有显著差异(p<0.01)。对于到达肿瘤倍增的时间和到达终点时间二者,7.5mg/kg T-DM1+多西他赛组合显著好于任一单一药剂(p<0.01)。7.5mg/kg T-DM1组中没有客观响应,而多西他赛单一药剂组中有2例部分响应(PR)。7.5mg/kg T-DM1和多西他赛组合导致9例PR和1例完全响应(CR)。对于到达肿瘤倍增的时间和到达终点时间,15mg/kg T-DM1+多西他赛组合显著好于任一单一药剂(p<0.01)。单一药剂15mg/kg T-DM1治疗导致5例PR和2例CR。15mg/kg T-DM1+多西他赛组合增强客观响应率至7例PR和3例CR。这个组合组中的所有小鼠对治疗有客观响应。
图17显示如下给药后接种入Harlan无胸腺裸小鼠乳房脂肪垫的MMTV-Her2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤异种移植物的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介,po,qd x21,(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2,(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2,(4)lapatinib,100mg/kg,po,bid x21,(5)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2+lapatinib,100mg/kg,po,bid x21,(6)T-DM1,15mg/kg,iv,q3wk x2+lapatinib,100mg/kg,po,bid x21。
服用单独的15mg/kg T-DM1(3)的动物6例部分响应(PR)和3例完全响应(CR)。服用7.5mg/kg T-DM1和100mg/kg lapatinib组合(5)的动物4例PR和5例CR。服用15mg/kg T-DM1和100mg/kg lapatinib组合(6)的动物显示8例CR的剂量响应。对于到达肿瘤倍增的时间和到达终点时间二者,所有单一药剂组与媒介有显著差异(p<0.01)。服用7.5mg/kg T-DM1联合lapatinib显著好于lapatinib或7.5mg/kg T-DM1任一作为单一药剂(p<0.01)。服用15mg/kg T-DM1联合lapatinib显著好于lapatinib单一药剂(p<0.01)。这种组合与服用15mg/kg T-DM1作为单一药剂没有差异。
到达肿瘤倍增的时间是通过Kaplan-Meier统计分析作为2X Vo测量的。到达肿瘤倍增的时间和存活分析是通过Log-rank-p值量化的。距发展的时间(time toprogression)是肿瘤体积达到1000mm3所用的时间,或肿瘤体积未达到1000mm3情况中的存活时间测量的。T-DM1联合lapatinib导致与单一药剂治疗相比大大增强的抗肿瘤功效。
图34显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠的MMTV-Her2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介,po,qd x21,(2)T-DM1,10mg/kg,iv,q3wk,(3)5-FU,100mg/kg,po,qwk x2,(4),(5)T-DM1,5mg/kg,iv,q3wk+5-FU,100mg/kg,po,qwk x2。服用媒介的动物0例部分响应(PR)和0例完全响应(CR)。服用T-DM1的动物1例PR和0例CR。服用5-FU的动物0例PR和0例CR。服用T-DM1和5-FU组合的动物在42天时间点时给出3例PR和0例CR。T-DM1和5-FU治疗导致与任一单独的药剂相比增强的抗肿瘤活性。
图35显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠的MMTV-Her2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介,po,qd x21,(2)T-DM1,5mg/kg,iv,q3wk,(3)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,po,bid x21,(4)GDC-0152,50mg/kg,po,qwk x2,(5)T-DM1,5mg/kg,iv,q3wk+GDC-0941,100mg/kg,po,bid x21,(6)T-DM1,5mg/kg,iv,q3wk+GDC-0152,50mg/kg,po,qwk x2。T-DM1和GDC-0941治疗导致与单一药剂治疗相比增强的抗肿瘤活性,而T-DM1和GDC-0152组合不比单独的T-DM1更有效。
GDC-0152是胱天蛋白酶的一种抑制剂,胱天蛋白酶是凋亡蛋白酶的抑制剂(Call等(2008)The Lancet Oncology,9(10):1002-1011;Deveraux等(1999)J Clin Immunol19:388-398)。
图36显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠的MDA-MB-361.1乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介,po,qd x21,(2)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,po,qd x21,(3)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,po,qd x21,(4)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,po,qd x21,(5)T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,q3wk,(6)T-DM1,10mg/kg,iv,q3wk,(7)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,q3wk,(8)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,q3wk,(9)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,q3wk,(10)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,iv,q3wk,(11)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,iv,q3wk,(12)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,iv,q3wk。
服用媒介(1)的动物0例部分响应(PR)和0例完全响应(CR)。服用单独的25mg/kgGDC-0941(2)的动物0例PR和0例CR。服用单独的50mg/kg GDC-0941(3)的动物1例PR和0例CR。服用单独的100mg/kg GDC-0941(4)的动物0例PR和0例CR。服用单独的3mg/kg T-DM1(5)的动物1例PR和1例CR。服用单独的10mg/kg T-DM1(6)的动物8例PR和1例CR。服用3mg/kg T-DM1和25mg/kg GDC-0941组合(7)的动物5例PR和0例CR。服用3mg/kg T-DM1和50mg/kg GDC-0941组合(8)的动物3例PR和0例CR。服用3mg/kg T-DM1和100mg/kg GDC-0941(9)的动物3例PR和1例CR。服用10mg/kg T-DM1和50mg/kg GDC-0941组合(10)的动物9例PR和0例CR。服用10mg/kg T-DM1和50mg/kg GDC-0941组合(11)的动物7例PR和2例CR。服用10mg/kg T-DM1和100mg/kg GDC-0941组合(12)的动物9例PR和1例CR。
图37显示如下给药后接种入CRL nu/nu小鼠的MDA-MB-361.1乳腺肿瘤的体内肿瘤体积均值随时间变化的图:(1)媒介[MCT(0.5%甲基纤维素/0.2%TWEEN 80)+琥珀酸盐缓冲液(100mM琥珀酸钠,100mg/ml海藻糖,0.1%TWEEN 80,pH 5.0)],po+IV,qd x21和qd,(2)GNE-390,1.0mg/kg,po,qd x21,(3)GNE-390,2.5mg/kg,po,qd x21,(4)T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,qd,(5)GNE-390,1.0mg/kg,po,qd x21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,qd,(6)GNE-390,2.5mg/kg,po,qdx21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,iv,qd。
服用媒介(1)的动物0例部分响应(PR)和0例完全响应(CR)。服用单独的1.0mg/kgGNE-390(2)的动物0例PR和0例CR。服用单独的2.5mg/kg GNE-390(3)的动物1例PR和0例CR。服用单独的3mg/kg T-DM1(5)的动物1例PR和1例CR。服用单独的3mg/kg T-DM1(4)的动物0例PR和0例CR。服用3mg/kg T-DM1和25mg/kg GNE-390组合(5)的动物3例PR和0例CR。服用3mg/kg T-DM1和2.5mg/kg GNE-390组合(6)的动物5例PR和1例CR。在MDA-MB-361.1乳腺癌异种移植物模型中,与单独的GNE-390或T-DM1相比,GNE-390与T-DM1组合显著提高部分和完全抗肿瘤响应的数目。
药物组合物
本发明的药物组合物或配制剂包括trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,化疗剂,和一种或多种药学可接受载体,助流剂,稀释剂,或赋形剂。
本发明的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和化疗剂可以以未溶剂化的以及与药学可接受溶剂诸如水,乙醇,等等溶剂化的形式存在,而且本发明涵盖溶剂化的和未溶剂化的二者形式。
本发明的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和化疗剂还可以以不同互变体形式存在,而且本发明的范围内涵盖所有此类形式。术语“互变体(tautomer)”或“互变体形式”指经低能障可互变的具有不同能量的结构异构体。例如,质子互变体(也称作质子移变互变体)包括经质子迁移的互变,诸如酮-烯醇和亚胺-烯胺异构化。化合价互变体包括通过重新组织一些成键电子的互变。
药物组合物涵盖散装组合物和个体剂量单位二者,其包含超过一种(例如两种)药学活性剂(包括trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和选自本文所述别的药剂列表的化疗剂)以及任何药学无活性赋形剂,稀释剂,载体,或助流剂。散装组合物(bulk compostion)和每个单独的剂量单位(individual dosage unit)可含有固定量的上述药学活性剂。散装组合物指尚未形成个体剂量单位的物质。一种例示性的剂量单位是口服剂量单位,诸如片剂,丸剂,胶囊剂,等等。类似地,本文所述通过施用本发明的药物组合物来治疗患者的方法也意图涵盖施用散装组合物和单个剂量单位。
药物组合物还涵盖同位素标记的本发明化合物,它们与本文所述化合物相同,只是一个或多个原子被具有与自然界通常找到的原子质量或质量数不同的原子质量或质量数的原子替换。规定的任何特定原子或元素的所有同位素涵盖在本发明化合物及其用途的范围内。能掺入本发明化合物的例示性同位素包括氢,碳,氮,氧,磷,硫,氟,氯和碘的同位素,诸如2H,3H,11C,13C,14C,13N,15N,15O,17O,18O,32P,33P,35S,18F,36Cl,123I和125I。某些同位素标记的本发明化合物(例如那些用3H和14C标记的)在化合物和/或底物组织分布测定法中是有用的。氚(3H)和碳-14(14C)同位素因它们易于制备和可检测性而有用。另外,用更重的同位素诸如氘(2H)替代可提供某些治疗优势,其源自更大的代谢稳定性(例如体内半衰期延长或剂量需求降低),并因此在有些情况中是优选的。发射正电子的同位素,诸如15O,13N,11C和18F,可用于正电子发射断层成像术(PET)研究以检查底物受体占据。同位素标记的本发明化合物一般能通过遵循与下文方案和/或实施例中公开的规程类似的规程,通过用同位素标记的试剂替代非同位素标记的试剂来制备。
可以依照标准药学实践来配制trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和化疗剂,供用于治疗性处理(包括预防性处理)哺乳动物包括人中高增殖性病症的治疗剂组合中使用。本发明提供药物组合物,其包含与一种或多种药学可接受载体,助流剂,稀释剂,或赋形剂联合的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1。
合适的载体,稀释剂和赋形剂是本领域熟练技术人员公知的,而且包括下述物质,诸如碳水化合物,蜡,水溶性和/或可膨胀聚合物,亲水性或疏水性物质,明胶,油,溶剂,水等等。所使用的具体载体,稀释剂或赋形剂会取决于应用本发明化合物的手段和目的。一般基于本领域技术人员公认对哺乳动物施用安全(GRAS)的溶剂来选择溶剂。一般而言,安全的溶剂是无毒的水性溶剂,诸如水和其它在水中可溶或易混合的无毒溶剂。合适的水性溶剂包括水,乙醇,丙二醇,聚乙二醇(例如PEG 400,PEG 300),等及其混合物。配制剂还可以包括一种或多种缓冲剂,稳定剂,表面活性剂,湿润剂,润滑剂,乳化剂,悬浮剂,防腐剂,抗氧化剂,不透明剂,助流剂,操作助剂s,着色剂,增甜剂,芳香剂,矫味剂和其它已知添加剂以提供药物(即本发明的化合物或其药物组合物)精致的外观或帮助制造药学产品(即药物)。
可以施用常规溶解和混合规程来制备配制剂。例如,在存在一种或多种上文所述赋形剂下在合适的溶剂中溶解散装药物物质(即本发明的化合物或化合物的稳定化形式(例如,与环糊精衍生物或其它已知的络合剂复合)。本发明的化合物通常配制成药学剂量形式,以提供可容易控制剂量的药物和使得患者顺从处方方案。
可以以多种方式包装供应用的药物组合物(或配制剂),这取决于用于施用药物的模式。一般而言,分发的物品包括容器,其中沉积有适宜形式的药物配制剂。合适的容器是本领域技术人员公知的,而且包括诸如瓶(塑料的和玻璃的),囊,安瓿,塑料袋,金属筒,等等材料。容器还可以包括防干扰装置以防止不慎存取包装的内容物。另外,容器上沉积有描述容器的内容物的标签。标签还可以包括适宜的警告。
可以以冻干配制剂,碾碎的粉末,或水溶液的形式用药学可接受稀释剂,载体,赋形剂或稳定剂(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(1995)第18版,Mack Publ.Co.,Easton,PA)配制本发明的化合物的药物配制剂,供各种路径和类型的施用。可以通过于环境温度与适宜的pH,及于期望的纯度,与生理学可接受载体(即在所采用的剂量和浓度对接受者无毒的载体)混合来进行配制。配制剂的pH主要取决于具体用途和化合物的浓度,但是范围可以是约3至约8。
药物配制剂优选是无菌的。具体而言,用于体内施用的配制剂必须是无菌的。这种无菌易于通过无菌滤膜过滤来实现。
药物配制剂通常能作为固体组合物,冻干配制剂或作为水溶液来贮存。
本发明的药物配制剂会以与优良医学实践一致的方式即量,浓度,时间表,疗程,媒介和施用路径来进行剂量给药和施用。在此语境中要考虑的因素包括所治疗的具体病症,所治疗的具体哺乳动物,患者个体的临床状况,病症的起因,药剂的递送部位,施用方法,施用时间表,和医学从业人员知道的其它因素。要施用的化合物的“治疗有效量”会由此类考虑来决定,而且是预防,改善,或治疗凝血因子介导的病症所必需的最小量。此类量优选低于对宿主有毒或低于使得宿主显著更易于出血的量。
作为一般建议,每剂施用的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的初始药学有效量会在约0.01-100mg/kg的范围内,即约0.1至20mg/kg患者体重每天,所使用的化合物的典型初始范围为0.3-15mg/kg/天。
可接受的稀释剂,载体,赋形剂和稳定剂在所采用的剂量和浓度对接受者是无毒的,并且包括:缓冲剂,诸如磷酸盐,柠檬酸盐和其它有机酸;抗氧化剂,包括抗坏血酸和甲硫氨酸;防腐剂(诸如氯化十八烷基二甲基苄基铵;氯己双铵;苯扎氯铵,苄索氯铵;酚,丁醇或苄醇;对羟基苯甲酸烃基酯,诸如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或丙酯;邻苯二酚;间苯二酚;环己醇;3-戊醇;和间甲酚);低分子量(低于约10个残基)多肽;蛋白质,诸如血清清蛋白,明胶或免疫球蛋白;亲水聚合物,诸如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸,诸如甘氨酸,谷氨酰胺,天冬酰胺,组氨酸,精氨酸或赖氨酸;单糖类,二糖类和其它碳水化合物,包括葡萄糖,甘露糖或糊精;螯合剂,诸如EDTA;糖类,诸如蔗糖,甘露醇,海藻糖或山梨醇;成盐抗衡离子,诸如钠;金属复合物(例如Zn-蛋白质复合物);和/或非离子表面活性剂,诸如TWEENTM(包括Tween 80),PLURONICSTM或聚乙二醇(PEG)(包括PEG400)。活性药物组分还可包载于例如通过凝聚技术或通过界面聚合制备的微胶囊中(例如分别是羟甲基纤维素或明胶微胶囊和聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)微胶囊)、在胶状药物递送系统中(例如脂质体、清蛋白微球体、微乳剂、纳米颗粒和纳米胶囊)、或在粗滴乳状液中。此类技术披露于Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences第18版,(1995)Mack Publ.Co.,Easton,PA。
药物配制剂包括那些适合于本文详述的施用路径的。配制剂可以方便地以单位剂量形式存在,而且可以通过药学领域公知的任何方法来制备。技术和配方一般见Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences第18版(1995)Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA。此类方法包括使活性组分与构成一种或多种辅助组分的载体联合的步骤。一般而言,通过均匀且紧密地使活性组分与液体载体或粉碎的固体载体或二者联合,然后在必要时使产物定形来制备配制剂。
适合于口服施用的化疗剂的配制剂可以制备成离散的单位,诸如丸剂,硬的或软的,例如明胶胶囊剂,扁囊剂,含片,锭剂,水性或油性悬浮液,可分散粉剂或颗粒剂,乳状液,糖浆剂或西也剂,各含有预定量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1化合物和/或化疗剂。此类配制剂可以依照本领域已知用于制造药物组合物的任何方法来制备,而且此类组合物可以含有一种或多种药剂,包括增甜剂,矫味剂,着色剂和防腐剂,以提供美味的制品。压制片剂可以通过在合适的机器中压迫自由流形式(诸如粉末或颗粒)的活性组分来制备,任选混合有粘合剂,润滑剂,惰性稀释剂,防腐剂,表面活性剂或分散剂。铸制片剂可以通过在合适的机器中浇铸用惰性液体稀释剂弄湿的粉状活性组分的混合物来制备。片剂可以任选包被或刻痕,而且任选配制,以自其提供活性组分的缓慢或受控释放。
本发明的药物配制剂的片剂赋形剂可以包括:填充剂(或稀释剂),以提高构成片剂的粉状药物的散装体积;崩解剂,当它被摄入时,以促进片剂分解成小碎片,理想的是各药物微粒,并促进药物的快速溶解和吸收;粘合剂,以确保能形成具有所需机械强度的微粒颗粒剂和片剂,并在片剂压制后保持它成一体,防止它在包装,运输和例行操作期间分解成其成分粉末;助流剂,以在生产期间改进构成片剂的粉末的流动性;润滑剂,以确保制成片剂的粉末不会在制造期间粘附至用于压制片剂的设备。它们改进粉末混合物经过压片机的流动并使制成的片剂自设备喷出时的摩擦和破裂最小化;抗粘附剂,功能与助流剂相似,降低制造期间构成片剂的粉末和用于冲压出片剂形状的机器之间的粘附;掺入片剂的矫味剂,以给予片剂更令人愉快的味道或掩盖令人不快的味道,和着色剂,以帮助鉴别和患者顺从。
含有与适合于制备片剂的无毒药学可接受赋形剂混合的活性组分的片剂是可接受的。这些赋形剂可以是例如惰性稀释剂,诸如碳酸钙或钠,乳糖,磷酸钙或钠;粒化和崩解剂,诸如玉米淀粉,或海藻酸;粘合剂,诸如淀粉,明胶或阿拉伯胶;和润滑剂,诸如硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸或滑石。片剂可以是为包被的,或者可以通过已知技术来包被,包括微囊化,以延迟胃肠道中的崩解和吸收,并由此提供较长一段时间里的持续作用。例如,可以单独地或与蜡一起地采用延迟时间的材料,诸如甘油基单硬脂酸酯或甘油基二硬脂酸酯。
为了治疗眼或其它外部组织,例如口和皮肤,配制剂优选作为以例如0.075to20%w/w的量含有活性组分的表面软膏剂或乳膏来应用。当配制成软膏剂时,可以与石蜡或水易混合的软膏剂基材一起或采用活性组分。或者,可以与水包油乳膏基材一起在乳膏中配制活性组分。
如果需要,乳膏基材的水相可以包括多羟基醇,即具有两个或更多个羟基的醇,诸如丙二醇,丁烷1,3-二醇,甘露醇,山梨醇,甘油和聚乙二醇(包括PEG 400)及其混合物。表面配制剂可以根据需要包括增强活性组分经由皮肤或其它受影响区域吸收或穿透的化合物。此类皮肤穿透增强剂的例子包括二甲亚砜及相关类似物。
本发明的乳状液的油相可以以已知方式自已知组分构建,包括至少一种乳化剂与脂肪或油,或与脂肪和油二者的混合物。优选的是,与起稳定剂作用的亲脂性乳化剂一起包括亲水性乳化剂。总而言之,在有或无稳定剂的情况中,乳化剂构成乳化蜡,而且蜡与油和脂肪一起构成乳化软膏基材,其形成乳膏配制剂的油性分散相。适合于在本发明的配制剂中使用的乳化剂和乳状液稳定剂包括60,80,十六醇十八醇混合物,苯甲醇,肉豆蔻醇,甘油基单硬脂酸酯和月桂基硫酸钠。
本发明的药物配制剂的水性悬浮液含有与适合于制备水性悬浮液的赋形剂混合的活性材料。此类赋形剂包括:悬浮剂,诸如羧甲基纤维素钠,交联羧甲纤维素,聚维酮,甲基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素,藻酸钠,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,黄芪胶和阿拉伯胶;和分散剂或湿润剂,诸如天然存在的磷脂(例如卵磷脂),烯烃氧化物与脂肪酸的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯),环氧乙烷与长链脂族醇的缩合产物(例如十七碳乙烯氧基鲸蜡醇),环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖单油酸酯)。水性悬浮液还可以含有一种或多种防腐剂,诸如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯;一种或多种着色剂;一种或多种矫味剂;和一种或多种增甜剂,诸如蔗糖或糖精。
药物组合物可以是无菌可注射制剂形式,诸如无菌可注射水性或油性悬浮液。可以依照已知技术,使用上文所述那些合适的分散剂或湿润剂和悬浮剂来配制这种悬浮液。无菌可注射制剂可以是在无毒胃肠外可接受稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液或悬浮液,诸如在1,3-丁二醇中或自冻干粉制备的溶液。在可以采用的可接受的媒介和溶剂中有水,林格氏溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,可以方便地采用无菌非挥发性油作为溶剂或悬浮介质。为了这一目的,可以采用任何温和的非挥发性油,包括合成的甘油单酯或二酯。另外,脂肪酸诸如油酸同样可以用于制备可注射制剂。
可以与载体材料联合以产生单个剂量形式的活性组分的量会根据所治疗的宿主和具体的施用模式而变化。例如,预定对人口服施用的时间-释放配制剂可以含有大约1至1000mg的活性材料,其与适当和方便量的载体材料复合,载体材料可以在总组合物的约5至约95%(重量:重量)变化。可以制备药物组合物来提供容易测量的量供施用。例如,预定用于静脉内输注的水溶液可以含有约3至500μg的活性组分每毫升溶液,以便能以约30mL/小时的速率输注合适的体积。
适合于胃肠外施用的配制剂包括水性和非水性无菌注射溶液,其可以含有抗氧化剂,缓冲剂,抑菌剂和使得配制剂与预定接受者的血液等渗的溶质;和水性和非水性无菌悬浮液,其可以包括悬浮剂和增稠剂。
适合于表面施用于眼的配制剂还包括滴眼液,其中活性组分在适合于活性组分的载体(尤其是水性溶剂)中溶解或悬浮。活性组分优选以约0.5至20%w/w,例如约0.5至10%w/w,例如约1.5%w/w的浓度存在。
适合于在口中表面施用的配制剂包括在调味基材(通常是蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或黄芪胶)中包含活性组分的锭剂;在惰性基材(诸如明胶和甘油,或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶)中包含活性组分的软锭剂(pastilles);和在合适的液体载体中包含活性组分的漱口水。
用于直肠施用的配制剂可以作为具有合适基材(包括例如可可脂或水杨酸盐)的栓剂存在。
适合于肺内或鼻部施用的配制剂具有例如0.1至500微米范围内的粒度(包括介于0.1和500微米之间的范围中的粒度,增量几微米,诸如0.5,1,30微米,35微米,等),其通过经鼻道快速吸入或通过经口吸入从而到达肺泡囊来施用。合适的配制剂包括活性组分的水性或油性溶液。适合于气雾剂或干粉施用的配制剂可以依照常规方法来制备,而且可以与其它治疗剂诸如以前用于治疗或预防下文所述病症的化合物一起递送。
适合于阴道施用的配制剂可以作为在活性组分之外含有诸如本领域已知适宜的载体的阴道栓(pessaries),棉塞(tampons),乳膏剂,凝胶剂,糊剂,泡沫剂或喷雾配制剂存在。
可以将配制剂包装在单剂(unit-dose)或多剂(multi-dose)容器中,例如密封的安瓿和管形瓶,而且可以将其在冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下贮存,在使用前仅需要添加无菌液体载体,例如水以便即刻注射。由先前所述类型的无菌粉末,颗粒和片剂制备临时注射的溶液和悬浮液。优选的单位剂量配制剂为那些含有如上所述每日剂量或单位每日亚剂量或其合适的部分的活性组分的。
本发明进一步提供了兽用组合物,其包含至少一种上述定义的活性组分及其兽用载体。兽用载体为可用于施用所述组合物目的的材料,并且可以为固体,液体或气态物质,或为其它方面惰性物质或在兽药领域中可接受的,与活性组分相容的物质。可以胃肠外,口服或通过任何其它期望途径来施用这些兽用组合物。
组合疗法
可以联合其它化疗剂采用trastuzumab-MCC-DM1来治疗高增殖性疾病或病症,包括肿瘤,癌症,和新生物组织,以及恶变前和非新生物或非恶性高增殖性病症。在某些实施方案中,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1在药物组合配制剂或剂量给药方案中作为组合疗法是与具有抗高增殖性特性或可用于治疗高增殖性病症的第二化合物组合。药物组合配制剂或剂量给药方案的第二化合物优选具有与trastuzumab-MCC-DM1互补的活性,使得它们不会不利地彼此影响。此类化合物合适地以对于预定目的有效的量组合存在。在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含与化疗剂诸如本文所述的联合的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1。实施例4和5分别是T-DM1+pertuzumab和T-DM1+GDC-0941的临床方案。
本发明的治疗剂组合包括配置,剂量给药方案,或其它治疗过程,包括施用trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,和选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,和多西他赛的化疗剂,作为组合制备物,供高增殖性病症的治疗中的分开,同时或序贯使用。
组合疗法可以作为同时或序贯方案来施用。当序贯施用时,可以以一次或多次施用来使用组合。组合施用包括使用分开的配制剂或单一药物配制剂的共施用,和任一次序的序贯施用,其中优选有一段时间所有活性剂同时发挥它们的生物学活性。
任何上述共施用药剂的合适剂量就是那些当前使用的,而且可以由于新鉴定的药剂和其它化疗剂或治疗的组合作用(协同)而降低。
在抗癌疗法的一个具体实施方案中,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1可以与化疗剂联合,包括激素或抗体药剂,诸如本文中描述的那些,以及联合手术疗法和放疗。会选择trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和其它药学活性化疗剂的量和施用的相对时机以实现期望的组合治疗效果。
药物组合物的施用
本发明的化合物可以通过对于要治疗的状况适宜的任何路径来施用。合适的路径包括口服,胃肠外(包括皮下,肌肉内,静脉内,动脉内,吸入,皮内,鞘内,硬膜外,和输注技术),透皮,直肠,鼻,表面(包括口腔和舌下),阴道,腹膜内,肺内和鼻内。表面施用还可涉及使用透皮施用诸如透皮贴或离子透入装置。药物配制的讨论见Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,(1995)Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA。药物配制剂的其它例子可见于Liberman,H.A.和Lachman,L.,编,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Marcel Decker,第3卷,第2版,New York,NY。对于局部免疫抑制治疗,可以通过病灶内施用来施用化合物,包括灌注或以其它方式在移植前使移植物接触抑制剂。应当领会,优选的路径可以随例如接受者的状况而变化。若口服施用化合物,则它可以与药学可接受载体,助流剂,或赋形剂一起配制成丸剂,胶囊剂,片剂,等。若胃肠外施用化合物,则它可以与药学可接受胃肠外媒介或稀释剂一起,以单位剂量可注射形式配制,如下文详述的。
治疗人类患者的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1剂量范围可以是约100mg至约500mg。根据药动学(PK)和药效学(PD)特性,包括吸收,分布,代谢,和排泄,可以每六周一次,每三周一次,每周一次,或更频繁地施用trastuzumab-MCC-DM1。联合trastuzumab-MCC-DM1使用的化疗剂的剂量范围可以是约10mg至约1000mg。可以每六周一次,每三周一次,每周一次,或更频繁地诸如每天一次或两次施用化疗剂。另外,毒性因子可能影响剂量和施用方案。当口服施用时,可以每天一次或频率更低地摄入丸剂,胶囊剂,或片剂,持续规定的一段时间。所述方案可以重复多个治疗周期。
治疗方法
(1)trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和(2)化疗剂的治疗剂组合可用于治疗疾病,状况和/或病症,包括但不限于那些其特征为HER2途经活化的。或者,本发明的另一个方面包括治疗能通过靶向HER2或VEGFR受体1来治疗的疾病或状况的方法。(1)trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和(2)化疗剂的治疗剂组合可用于治疗高增殖性疾病或病症,包括肿瘤,癌症,和新生物组织,以及恶变前和非新生物或非恶性高增殖性病症。
能依照本发明的方法治疗的癌症包括但不限于乳腺癌,卵巢癌,宫颈癌,前列腺癌,睾丸癌,生殖泌尿道癌,食管癌,喉癌,成胶质细胞瘤,成神经细胞瘤,胃癌,皮肤癌,角化棘皮瘤,肺癌,表皮样癌,大细胞癌,非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC),小细胞癌,肺的腺癌,骨癌,结肠癌,腺瘤,胰腺癌,腺癌,甲状腺癌,滤泡性癌,未分化的癌,乳头状癌,精原细胞瘤,黑素瘤,肉瘤,膀胱癌,肝癌和胆管癌,肾癌,髓样病症,淋巴样病症,毛细胞癌,口腔癌和咽癌(口腔),唇癌,舌癌,口癌,咽癌,小肠癌,结肠-直肠癌,大肠癌,直肠癌,脑和中枢神经系统癌,何杰金氏病和白血病。
本发明的另一个方面提供药物组合物或治疗剂组合,供患有本文所述疾病或状况的哺乳动物,例如人中此类疾病或状况的治疗中使用。还提供药物组合物在制备用于治疗患有本文所述疾病和状况的温血动物,诸如哺乳动物,例如人中此类病症的药物中的用途。
制品
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,提供含有可用于治疗上文所述疾病和病症的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的制品,或“试剂盒”。在一个实施方案中,所述试剂盒包含装有trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的容器。所述试剂盒可以进一步包含标签或包装插页,其在容器上或与容器有关。术语“包装插页”用于指通常包括在治疗用产品的商业包装中的说明书,它们包含有关涉及此类治疗用产品应用的适应征,用法,剂量,施用,禁忌症和/或警告的信息。合适的容器包括例如瓶,管形瓶,注射器,泡罩包,等,所述容器可以由各种材料,诸如玻璃或塑料形成。容器可以装有有效治疗所述状况的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1或其配制剂,而且可以具有无菌存取口(例如容器可以是具有皮下注射针头可刺穿的塞子的静脉内溶液袋或管形瓶)。组合物中的至少一种活性成分是trastuzumab-MCC-DM1。标签或包装插页指示组合物用于治疗所选择的状况,诸如癌症。在一个实施方案中,标签或包装插页指示包含trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的组合物可用于治疗源自异常细胞生长的病症。标签或包装插页还可以指示组合物可用于治疗其它病症。或者/另外,制品可以进一步包括第二容器,其装有药学可接受缓冲液,诸如注射用抑菌水(BWFI),磷酸盐缓冲盐水,林格氏溶液和右旋糖溶液。它可以进一步包括从商业和用户立场看想要的其它材料,包括其它缓冲液,稀释剂,滤器,针头,和注射器。
试剂盒可以进一步包括关于施用trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和(如果存在的话)第二药物配制剂的指导。例如,如果试剂盒包括包含trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的第一组合物和第二药物配制剂,那么试剂盒可以进一步包括关于对有所需要的患者同时,序贯或分开施用第一和第二药物组合物的指导。
在另一个实施方案中,试剂盒适合于递送固体口服形式的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,诸如片剂或胶囊剂。此类试剂盒优选包括多个单位剂量。此类试剂盒可包括卡片,其中各剂量以它们意图使用的次序定位(oriented)。此类试剂盒的一个例子是“泡罩包”。泡罩包是包装工业公知的,而且广泛用于包装制药学剂量单位形式。如果需要,可以提供记忆辅助物,例如数字,字母,其它标记的形式或者日历插页,指示治疗时间表中要施用剂量的日子。
依照一个实施方案,试剂盒可以包括(a)第一容器,其中装有trastuzumab-MCC-DM1;和任选的(b)第二容器,其中装有第二药物配制剂,其中所述第二药物配制剂包含具有抗高增殖性活性的第二化合物。或者/另外,试剂盒可以进一步包括第三容器,其装有制药学可接受缓冲液,诸如注射用抑菌水(BWFI),磷酸盐缓冲盐水,林格氏溶液和右旋糖溶液。它可以进一步包括从商业和用户立场看想要的其它材料,包括其它缓冲液,稀释剂,滤器,针头,和注射器。
若试剂盒包含trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和第二治疗剂即化疗剂的组合物,则试剂盒可以包括多个容器来装分开的组合物,诸如分开的瓶或分开的箔包,然而,分开的组合物也可以装在单个,不分隔的容器内。典型地,试剂盒包括关于施用分开的成分的指导。当不同成分优选以不同剂量形式施用(例如口服和胃肠外),以不同剂量间隔施用,或者当开处方的内科医师希望调整(titration)组合的各成分时,这种试剂盒形式是特别有利的。
实施例
为了例示本发明,包括下列实施例。然而,应当理解,这些实施例不限制本发明,而只是意图提示实施本发明的方法。
实施例1:trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的制备
自纯化trastuzumab,即在50mM磷酸钾/50mM氯化钠/2mM EDTA,pH 6.5中以20mg/mL进行缓冲液交换,并用7.5至10摩尔当量的琥珀酰亚氨基4-(N-马来酰亚氨基甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸酯(SMCC,Pierce Biotechnology,Inc),在DMSO中20mM或DMA(二甲基乙酰胺),6.7mg/mL(US 2005/0169933;US 2005/0276812)处理。于环境温度在氩气下搅动2-4小时后,将反应混合物过滤经过用50mM磷酸钾/50mM氯化钠/2mM EDTA,pH 6.5平衡的Sephadex G25柱。或者,将反应混合物用pH 6的30mM柠檬酸盐和150mM氯化钠凝胶过滤。合并并测定含有抗体的级分。trastuzumab-SMCC的回收率为88%。
将来自上文的药物-接头中间体trastuzumab-MCC用50mM磷酸钾/50mM氯化钠/2mMEDTA,pH 6.5稀释至终浓度10mg/ml,并与DM1(1.7当量,假设5SMCC/trastuzumab,7.37mg/ml)在二甲基乙酰胺中的10mM溶液反应。DM1可以自安丝菌素发酵产物制备(US 6790954;US7432088)并为偶联而衍生化(US 6333410;RE 39151)。将反应在氩气下于环境温度搅动4至约16小时。将偶联反应混合物用pH 6.5的1x PBS过滤经过Sephadex G25凝胶过滤柱(1.5x4.9cm)。或者,将反应混合物用pH 5的10mM琥珀酸盐和150mM氯化钠凝胶过滤。DM1/trastuzumab比(p)为3.1,如252nm和280nm的吸光度所测量的。药物对抗体比(p)也可以通过质谱术来测量。偶联也可以通过SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳来监测。聚集可以通过激光散射分析来评估。
或者,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1可以通过形成MCC-DM1接头-药物试剂,然后与trastuzumab反应来制备。
通常,trastuzumab-MCC与DM1的偶联反应导致包含附着、偶联有不同数目DM1药物(即药物载荷)的抗体的异质混合物,其中p是1至约8的分布。异质性的另一个尺度存在于SMCC对trastuzumab的不同附着位点,其中trastuzumab上的许多不同亲核体(例如末端赖氨酸氨基)能与SMCC反应。如此,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1包括分离的、纯化的种类分子以及平均药物载荷为1至8且其中MCC-DM1经trastuzumab抗体的任何位点附着的混合物。
来自偶联反应的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1制备物中每个trastuzumab抗体的DM1药物部分平均数可以通过常规手段来表征,诸如质谱术,ELISA测定法,电泳,和HPLC。也可以测定trastuzumab-MCC-DM1在p方面的定量分布。通过ELISA,可以测定特定ADC制备物中p的平均值(Hamblett等(2004)Clinical Cancer Res.10:7063-7070;Sanderson等(2005)Clinical Cancer Res.11:843-852)。然而,抗体-抗原结合和ELISA的检测极限不能辨别p(药物)值的分布。同样,用于检测抗体-药物偶联物的ELISA测定法不能确定药物部分附着至抗体的什么地方,诸如重链或轻链片段,或特定氨基酸残基。在一些情况中,p是某值的同质trastuzumab-MCC-DM1与具有其它药物载荷的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1的分离、纯化和表征可以通过诸如反相HPLC或电泳等手段来实现。
实施例2:体外细胞增殖测定法
采用下述方案通过细胞增殖测定法来测量本发明的组合的功效(PromegaCorp.Technical Bulletin TB288;Mendoza等(2002)Cancer Res.62:5485-5488)。Cell-Titer Glo测定法试剂和方案是商品化的(Promega)。所述测定法评估化合物进入细胞和影响细胞增殖的能力。测定原理是通过对细胞ATP定量来测定存在的存活细胞的数目。Cell-Titer Glo指用于这种定量的试剂。它是一种均质测定法,其中添加Cell-Titer Glo导致细胞溶胞和发光信号经由萤光素酶反应生成。发光信号与存在的ATP的量成比例。
DMSO和培养基板:96孔锥形底聚丙烯板(Nunc,产品目录号249946)
细胞板:带盖的384孔黑色,透明底(显微透明),TC板(Falcon,353962)
细胞培养培养基:RPMI或DMEM高葡萄糖;Ham氏F-12(50:50),10%胎牛血清,2mML-谷氨酰胺
CellTiter-Glo:Promega(产品目录号G7572)
规程:
第1天–接种细胞板,收获细胞,以1000-2000个细胞每54μl每孔接种细胞入384孔细胞板,进行3天测定。于37C,5%CO2温育过夜(大约16小时)。
第2天–添加药物至细胞,稀释化合物,DMSO分配(连续1:2,9个点)。在96孔板的第2列添加20ul化合物(小分子药物为10mM储备溶液)。使用Precision培养板在板间实施连续1:2(10μl+10μl 100%DMSO),总共9个点(1:50稀释)。添加147μl培养基入各96孔培养基板的所有孔。使用Rapidplate自DMSO板中的每个孔转移3μl DMSO+化合物至培养基板上的每个相应孔。对于2药物组合研究,使用Rapidplate自DMSO板中的每个孔转移一种药物1.5μlDMSO+化合物至培养基板上的相应孔。然后,转移另一种药物1.5ul至培养基板。
药物添加至细胞,细胞分配(1:10稀释),直接添加6μl培养基+化合物至细胞(细胞上早就有54μl培养基)。在不常打开的温箱中于37℃,5%CO2温育3天。
第5天–对板显影,于室温融化CellTiter Glo缓冲液。自37℃取出细胞板,并平衡至室温约30分钟。添加CellTiter Glo缓冲液至CellTiter Glo底物(瓶至瓶)。添加30μlCellTiter Glo试剂至每个细胞孔。在摇板仪上放置约30分钟。在PerkinElmer Envision(0.1秒每孔)或Analyst HT读板仪(半分钟每孔)上(测量)读取发光。
细胞生存力测定法和组合测定法:在384孔板中以1000-2000个细胞/孔接种细胞16小时。次日,在96孔板中在DMSO中进行9次连续1:2化合物稀释。使用Rapidplate机器人(Zymark Corp.,Hopkinton,MA)将化合物进一步稀释入生长培养基。然后将稀释的化合物添加至384孔细胞板中的一式四份孔并于37℃和5%CO2温育。4天后,使用Cell-Titer Glo(Promega)依照制造商的说明书通过发光来测量存活细胞的相对数目,并在Envision或Wallac多标记物阅读仪(PerkinElmer,Foster City)上读数。使用Kaleidagraph 4.0(Synergy Software)或Prism 4.0软件(GraphPad,San Diego)计算EC50值。组合测定法中的药物以8X EC50浓度开始剂量给药。在药物的EC50>2.5μM的情况中,所使用的最高浓度为10μM。在所有测定法中同时或相隔4小时(一前一后)添加trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和化疗剂。
另一种例示性的体外细胞增殖测定法包括下述步骤:
1.在384孔,壁不透明的板的每个孔中存放在培养基中含有约104个细胞的100μl细胞培养物等分式样(细胞系和肿瘤类型见图1)。
2.准备含有培养基,没有细胞的对照孔。
3.添加化合物至实验孔并温育3-5天。
4.将板平衡至室温大约30分钟。
5.添加与每个孔中存在的细胞培养培养基的体积相等体积的CellTiter-Glo试剂。
6.将内含物在定轨摇床上混合2分钟以诱导细胞溶胞。
7.将板于室温温育10分钟以稳定发光信号。
8.作为RLU=相对发光单位,记录并以图报告发光。
或者,在96孔板中以最佳密度接种细胞,并在存在测试化合物下温育4天。随后添加Alamar BlueTM至测定培养基,并将细胞温育6小时,之后于544nm激发,590nm发射读数。使用S形剂量响应曲线拟合来计算EC50值。
实施例3:体外肿瘤异种移植物
适合于转基因实验的动物可得自标准商业来源。给多组雌性CB-17SCID米色小鼠(Charles River Laboratory)在乳房脂肪垫用Matrigel植入3百万个KPL-4(过表达Her2的)乳腺癌细胞。给多组雌性无胸腺裸小鼠(Charles River Laboratory或Harlan)在乳房脂肪垫中植入MMTV-Her2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤的2x2mm3碎片。小鼠异种移植物依照为每种肿瘤模型规定的时间表在第0天服用药物,药物组合,或媒介。5-FU,吉西他滨,卡铂和B20-4.1腹膜内施用,pertuzumab根据指示静脉内或腹膜内给予,trastuzumab-MCC-DM1和多西他赛静脉内施用,lapatinib,GDC-0941和ABT-869通过强饲法口服给予。在研究过程中每周两次记录肿瘤尺寸。小鼠体重也每周记录两次,而且定期观察小鼠。使用Ultra Cal IV测径器(型号54-10-111;Fred V.Fowler Co.,Inc.;Newton,MA)以二维(长和宽)测量肿瘤体积,并使用Excel v.11.2(Microsoft Corporation;Redmond,WA)来分析。使用KaleidaGraph,3.6版(Synergy Software;Reading,PA)绘制肿瘤抑制图。以如下公式计算肿瘤体积:肿瘤尺寸(mm3)=(较长的测量结果x较短的测量结果2)x0.5
使用Adventurera Pro AV812天平(Ohaus Corporation;Pine Brook,NJ)测量动物体重。使用KaleidaGraph 3.6版绘图。使用如下公式计算百分比重量变化:组百分比重链变化=(1-(初始重量/新的重量))x100。
其肿瘤体积超过2000mm3或其体重丧失超过其起始重量20%的小鼠立即依照管理指引处以安乐死。
使用如下公式计算研究结束(EOS)时的百分比肿瘤生长延迟(%TGD):%TGD=100x(处理组的到达终点时间中值–对照组的到达终点时间中值)/对照组的到达终点时间中值。
基于研究结束时每个组中剩余的可测量肿瘤的数目确定肿瘤发生率(TI)。部分响应(PR)定义为对于三次连续测量,观察到与起始肿瘤体积相比,肿瘤体积缩小超过50%但不到100%。完全响应(CR)定义为对于三次连续测量,观察到与初始肿瘤体积相比,肿瘤体积缩小100%。用JMP统计软件,5.1.2版(SAS Institute;Cary,NC)使用Dunnett氏t检验分析数据并确定p值。使用JMP统计软件,5.1.2版计算研究结束时的各肿瘤体积和肿瘤体积均值±SEM值。基于相对于初始体重的变化百分比均值±SEM将体重数据绘图。
实施例4:trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)联合pertuzumab的临床研究
设计了对具有HER2阳性局部晚期或转移性乳腺癌,在接受在先疗法时有进展的患者静脉内施用trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)联合pertuzumab的安全性,耐受性,和功效的1b/II期,标签开放的研究来确定所述组合的安全性和耐受性。对具有HER2阳性局部晚期或转移性乳腺癌,先前已经在任何线的疗法中接受过trastuzumab,为晚期疾病接受过化疗联合HER2靶向疗法,或在接受他们最近的疗法时有发展的患者每3周施用所述组合。另一项目的是评估在依照此时间表施用T-DM1和pertuzumab组合时T-DM1的药动学。另一项目的是对依照此时间表T-DM1和pertuzumab组合的功效作出初步评估,如使用改良的实体瘤响应评价标准(RECIST),1.0版基于调查人员评价通过客观响应率所测量的。这项研究的次要目的如下:(1)评估接受依照此时间表施用的T-DM1和pertuzumab组合的患者的无发展存活(progression-free survival,PFS);(2)评估依照此时间表施用的T-DM1和pertuzumab组合的响应持续时间;和(3)评估针对T-DM1的抗治疗剂抗体的发生。
在具有HER2阳性局部晚期或转移性乳腺癌,先前接受过trastuzumab和在接受他们最后一次疗法之后或之时有发展的患者中,会联合同样通过静脉内(IV)输注而施用的pertuzumab,通过静脉内(IV)输注来施用T-DM1。患者会以重复周期以3周最小间隔接受T-DM1和pertuzumab组合。
接受他们第一剂研究药物之后以更高剂量水平治疗任何患者之前在DLT观察期(定义为自第一剂T-DM1时起的21天)期间会对处于给定剂量水平的患者观察DLT(剂量限制毒性)。如果在DLT观察期期间在这些患者中没有观察到DLT,可以进行下一个剂量水平的剂量扩大。
DLT定义为DLT观察期内发生的任何下述治疗相关毒性:(1)不是由疾病发展或其它可清楚鉴定的原因引起的级别≥3的非血液学不良事件,除了任何级别的脱发;(2)响应标准护理疗法发生的3级腹泻;(3)在没有麻醉前用药的情况中响应标准护理疗法发生的3级恶心或呕吐;(4)由于肝或骨转移,持续72小时的血清胆红素,肝转氨酶(ALT或AST),或碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的级别≥3的升高,除了在基线具有2级肝转氨酶或ALP水平的患者(≤5正常上限[ULN])。肝转氨酶或ALP水平≥10ULN会视为DLT;(5)持续24小时的级别≥4的血小板减少;(6)持续4天或伴有发热(口腔或鼓膜温度100.4°F或38℃)的级别≥4的嗜中性细胞减少(绝对嗜中性细胞计数<500/细胞/mm3);(7)调查人员感到与任一测试化合物有关的任何主观不可耐受毒性;(8)禁止第二轮治疗启动的任何治疗相关毒性。
一旦做出决定进行下一个最高剂量水平,也会容许患者内剂量扩大(intra-patient dose escalation);研究中登记的患者最初会接受降低剂量的T-DM1(3.0mg/kg)以及全剂量的pertuzumab。一旦这些患者的同层人度过了DLT观察期,他们会被容许后续周期扩大至全剂量的两种药物。然而,3.6mg/kg剂量水平的安全性会基于DLT评估。如果患者(包括那些在研究的剂量扩大阶段期间在研究中登记的)在第一次随访肿瘤评估后留在研究中,那么他们会被视为可评估功效的。在第1周期结束时,然后整个治疗期每3个周期应当实施回声心动图(ECHO)或多门探测(MUGA)扫描。
T-DM1配制剂
T-DM1可以在配有20-mm氟树脂层压塞(laminated stopper)和铝封及深灰色掀盖式(flip-off)塑料帽的20-mL I型USP/欧洲药典玻璃管形瓶中作为一次使用的冻干配制剂提供。用8.0mL无菌注射用水(SWFI)重建后,所得产物在10mM琥珀酸钠,pH 5.0,6%(w/v)蔗糖,和0.02%(w/v)聚山梨酯20中含有20mg/mL T-DM1。每个20-mL管形瓶装有大约172mg T-DM1以容许递送160mg T-DM1。自管形瓶中取出指定体积的T-DM1溶液并添加至IV袋。将重建的T-DM1稀释入装有0.45%或0.9%氯化钠(最小体积250mL)的PVC或无胶乳无PVC的聚烯烃袋(PO)。优选使用装有0.45%氯化钠的PVC或PO袋。在使用装有0.9%氯化钠的PVC或PO袋的情况中,推荐使用0.22μm内嵌式滤器。将袋温和颠倒以混合溶液。在装有0.9%或0.45%氯化钠注射液,USP的聚氯乙烯(PVC)或无胶乳无PVC的聚烯烃(PO)袋中稀释的供输注用的T-DM1溶液可以短时间保存于2℃–8℃(36°F–46°F)。
pertuzumab配制剂
pertuzumab作为一次使用的配制剂提供,其含有在20mM L-组氨酸(pH6.0),120mM蔗糖,和0.02%聚山梨酯20中配制的30mg/mL pertuzumab。每个20-cc管形瓶装有大约420mg pertuzumab(14.0mL/管形瓶)。自管形瓶取出指定体积的pertuzumab溶液并添加至0.9%注射用氯化钠溶液的250-cc IV袋。将袋温和颠倒以混合溶液,并在施用前目视检查颗粒和变色。在装有0.9%氯化钠溶液的聚乙烯或非PVC聚烯烃袋中稀释的供输注用的pertuzumab溶液可以短时间保存于2℃–8℃(36°F–46°F)。
安全性结果度量
会使用下述主要安全性结果度量来评估T-DM1和pertuzumab的安全性和耐受性:(1)不良事件的发生率,性质,和严重性;(2)研究药物施用期间和之后导致T-DM1和/或pertuzumab剂量变更,服药延迟,或中断的不良事件或身体体征和临床实验室结果变化;和(3)心脏功能(即左心室射血分数[LVEF],分段壁异常),包括ECHO或MUGA扫描的变化。
药动学和药效学结果度量
在恰当时,在数据容许的情况中,会使用非隔室和/或群体方法在所有接受研究治疗的患者中测定T-DM1和pertuzumab的下述药动学参数:(1)T-DM1(偶联物),总trastuzumab(游离的和偶联至DM1的)血清浓度;(2)游离DM1的血浆浓度;(3)总暴露(浓度-时间曲线下面积[AUC]);(4)最大血清浓度(Cmax);(5)最小浓度(Cmin);(6)清除;(7)分布体积;(8)终末半衰期;(9)针对T-DM1的抗治疗剂抗体。
功效结果度量
会评估使用改良RECIST,v1.0的客观响应率作为功效结果度量。这项研究的次要功效结果度量如下:(1)PFS,定义为研究治疗启动至第一次发生疾病发展或任何原因在研究中死亡(最后一剂研究治疗后30天内)的时间,如由调查人员审查使用改良RECIST,v1.0的肿瘤评估所确定的;和(2)响应持续时间,定义为第一次发生有记录的客观响应直至疾病发展的时间,如由调查人员审查使用改良RECIST(v1.0)的肿瘤评估所确定的,或任何原因在研究中死亡(最后一剂研究治疗后30天内)。
研究治疗
T-DM1会以不高于每3周的频率以2.4,3.0,或3.6mg/kg的剂量IV施用。任何患者可以逐步降低T-DM1剂量,低至2.4mg/kg。根据以3.0mg/kg治疗的患者分组中遭遇的毒性,且如果3.0mg/kg T-DM1被证实是可耐受的,患者可以在后续周期中扩大剂量至3.6mg/kg IV每3周。pertuzumab会以加载剂量840mg在第1周期第1天IV施用,接着在后续周期中每3周IV施用420mg。
统计方法
这项研究的主要功效终点是调查人员评估的客观响应,定义为在相隔≥4周的两个连续时机确定有完全或部分响应。会计算客观响应率的估值以及相应的95%置信区间。对于客观响应,没有有效的基线后肿瘤评估的患者会作为不响应者计数。对于响应持续时间和PFS,来自未被随访的患者的数据会如下处理,在已知患者无进展的最后一天审查。没有治疗后肿瘤评估或死亡的患者的数据会在治疗启动+1那天审查。
实施例5:trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)联合GDC-0941的临床研究
设计对具有HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌,在先前的基于trastuzumab的疗法上有发展的患者静脉内施用T-DM1和口服施用GDC-0941组合的一项Ib期,标签开放的研究来确定所述组合的安全性,耐受性,药动学,和活性。这项研究的主要目的是:评估与T-DM1一起施用GDC-0941的安全性和耐受性;评估GDC-0941在与T-DM1一起施用时的MTD;为联合T-DM1施用的GDC-0941鉴定推荐的II期剂量;和表征GDC-0941在联合T-DM1施用时任何观察到的抗肿瘤活性。药动学目的是:确定GDC-0941在没有和存在T-DM1的情况中的药动学;和确定T-DM1在没有和存在GDC-0941的情况中的药动学。
GDC-0941配制剂
GDC-0941是意图用于PO施用的干粉。配制好的药物产品会在两种强度(15和50mg)的硬明胶胶囊中提供,它们用0号壳粉状并以颜色区分。胶囊配制剂中包括的赋形剂是微晶纤维素NF/EP,月桂基硫酸钠NF/DP(只在50mg强度中有),无水柠檬酸USP/EP,交联甲羧纤维素钠NF/EP,胶体二氧化硅NF/EP,和硬脂酸镁(非牛的)NF/EP。GDC-0941胶囊应当保存于介于36°F和46°F(2℃和8℃)之间的冷藏温度。会指示患者将研究药物保存于介于36°F和46°F(2℃和8℃)之间的冷藏温度。
结果度量
会测定和评估安全性,药动学,药效学,和功效的结果度量,包括如实施例4中的统计方法。
研究治疗
研究治疗会以3周周期施用。根据发展状态,药物可得性,和其它因素,自研究治疗受到临床好处的患者有可能治疗更多周期,这可以在分开的研究中发生。
在研究的剂量扩大阶段,登记的患者会在第1周期第1天空腹接受单剂GDC-0941,以容许采集服药前和后GDC-0941PK样品和观察患者内变异性。GDC-0941的起始剂量60mgqd,已经在I期研究中确定这个剂量作为单一药剂是安全的,没有任何剂量限制毒性。在第1周期第2天,会在没有加载剂量的情况中在90分钟里以3.6mg/kg IV施用全剂量T-DM1。接着会是一剂GDC-0941。第一次T-DM1输注后会对患者观察90分钟。然后会每天一次给予GDC-0941,总共14剂,接着停1周,这就是第一周期。
后续患者中GDC-0941的剂量扩大会继续,直至发展或不耐受。后续研究治疗周期会长3周,首先在每个周期的第1天在30分钟里IV施用3.6mg/kg T-DM1,T-DM1输注后施用GDC-0941,并继续,总共服药2周和停药1周。服药会继续,直至发展或不耐受。根据原研究中T-DM1的耐受情况,T-DM1会作为30-90分钟(±10)的IV输注来施用。如果90分钟输注耐受较好,那么后续输注可以在30(±10)分钟里递送。
认为上述描述仅仅是本发明原理的例示。此外,由于众多修改和变化对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的,因此不希望将本发明限制于如上文所描述的所述精确构建和工艺。因而,可认为所有合适的修改和等同情况落在所附权利要求限定的本发明范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于治疗高增殖性病症的方法,包括以组合配制剂形式或交替地对哺乳动物施用治疗剂组合,其中所述组合包含治疗有效量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,和治疗有效量的选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体是pertuzumab。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述抗VEGF抗体是bevacizumab。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述高增殖性病症是癌症。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中所述高增殖性病症是表达ErbB2的癌症。
6.权利要求4的方法,其中所述癌症是乳腺癌,卵巢癌,宫颈癌,前列腺癌,睾丸癌,生殖泌尿道癌,食管癌,喉癌,成胶质细胞瘤,成神经细胞瘤,胃癌,皮肤癌,角化棘皮瘤,肺癌,表皮样癌,大细胞癌,非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC),小细胞癌,肺的腺癌,骨癌,结肠癌,腺瘤,胰腺癌,腺癌,甲状腺癌,滤泡性癌,未分化的癌,乳头状癌,精原细胞瘤,黑素瘤,肉瘤,膀胱癌,肝癌和胆管癌,肾癌,胰腺癌,髓样病症,淋巴瘤,毛细胞癌,口腔癌,鼻咽癌,咽癌,唇癌,舌癌,口癌,小肠癌,结肠-直肠癌,大肠癌,直肠癌,脑和中枢神经系统癌,何杰金氏病或白血病。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述哺乳动物是HER2阳性患者。
8.一种药物组合物,其包含trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂;和一种或多种药学可接受载体,助流剂,稀释剂,或赋形剂。
9.治疗剂组合在制造用于治疗选自乳腺癌,卵巢癌,宫颈癌,前列腺癌,睾丸癌,生殖泌尿道癌,食管癌,喉癌,成胶质细胞瘤,成神经细胞瘤,胃癌,皮肤癌,角化棘皮瘤,肺癌,表皮样癌,大细胞癌,非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC),小细胞癌,肺的腺癌,骨癌,结肠癌,腺瘤,胰腺癌,腺癌,甲状腺癌,滤泡性癌,未分化的癌,乳头状癌,精原细胞瘤,黑素瘤,肉瘤,膀胱癌,肝癌和胆管癌,肾癌,胰腺癌,髓样病症,淋巴瘤,毛细胞癌,口腔癌,鼻咽癌,咽癌,唇癌,舌癌,口癌,小肠癌,结肠-直肠癌,大肠癌,直肠癌,脑和中枢神经系统癌,何杰金氏病或白血病的癌症的药物中的用途,其中以组合配制剂形式或交替地对哺乳动物施用所述治疗剂组合,所述治疗剂组合包含治疗有效量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,和治疗有效量的选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂。
10.一种用于治疗高增殖性病症的制品,其包含:
(a)治疗剂组合,其以组合配制剂形式或交替地对哺乳动物施用,且其包含治疗有效量的trastuzumab-MCC-DM1,和治疗有效量的选自HER2二聚化抑制剂抗体,抗VEGF抗体,5-FU,卡铂,lapatinib,ABT-869,多西他赛,GDC-0941,和GNE-390的化疗剂;和
(b)使用说明。
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