TW201722475A - 抗her2抗體-藥物結合物及化療劑之組合及使用方法 - Google Patents
抗her2抗體-藥物結合物及化療劑之組合及使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明揭示抗體-藥物結合物曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與化療劑之組合,該抗體-藥物結合物曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及該等化療劑包括其立體異構體、幾何異構體、互變異構體、溶劑合物、代謝物及醫藥學上可接受之鹽,該等組合適用於抑制腫瘤細胞生長且適用於治療諸如由HER2及KDR(VEGFR受體1)介導之癌症的病症。本發明揭示使用該等組合以供活體外、原位及活體內診斷,預防或治療哺乳動物細胞中之該等病症或相關病理病狀之方法。
Description
本發明一般係關於具有對抗諸如癌症之過度增生性病症之活性的化合物之醫藥組合。本發明亦係關於使用化合物組合以供活體外、原位及活體內診斷或治療哺乳動物細胞或相關病理病狀的方法。
依據37 CFR §1.53(b)申請之本非臨時申請案根據35 USC §119(e)之規定主張2008年3月18日申請之美國臨時申請案第61/037,410號之權利,其以引用的方式全部併入。
HER2(ErbB2)受體酪胺酸為跨膜受體之表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)家族之成員。在約20%之人類乳癌中觀測到HER2之過度表現且該過度表現牽涉於與此等腫瘤相關之侵襲性生長及較差臨床結果中(Slamon等人(1987)Science 235:177-182)。
曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)(CAS 180288-69-1、HERCEPTIN®、huMAb4D5-8、rhuMAb HER2,Genentech)為鼠類HER2抗體之重組DNA源性人類化IgG1 κ單株抗體型式,其在基於細胞之檢定中以高親和力(Kd=5nM)與人類表皮生長因子受體2蛋白HER2(ErbB2)之胞外域選擇性結合(US 5677171;US 5821337;US 6054297;US 6165464;US 6339142;US 6407213;US 6639055;US 6719971;US
6800738;US 7074404;Coussens等人(1985)Science 230:1132-9;Slamon等人(1989)Science 244:707-12;Slamon等人(2001)New Engl.J.Med.344:783-792)。曲妥珠單抗含有具有與HER2結合之鼠類抗體(4D5)之互補決定區的人類構架區。曲妥珠單抗與HER2抗原結合且因此抑制癌細胞生長。已顯示曲妥珠單抗在活體外檢定中與動物體內均抑制過度表現HER2之人類腫瘤細胞增殖(Hudziak等人(1989)Mol Cell Biol 9:1165-72;Lewis等人(1993)Cancer Immunol Immunother,37:255-63;Baselga等人(1998)Cancer Res.58:2825-2831)。曲妥珠單抗為抗體依賴性細胞毒性(ADCC)之介體(Lewis等人(1993)Cancer Immunol Immunother 37(4):255-263;Hotaling等人(1996)[摘要]Proc.Annual Meeting Am Assoc Cancer Res,37:471;Pegram MD等人(1997)[摘要]Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res,38:602;Sliwkowski等人(1999)Seminars in Oncology 26(4),增刊12:60-70;Yarden Y.及Sliwkowski,M.(2001)Nature Reviews:Molecular Cell Biology,Macmillan Magazines,Ltd.,第2卷:127-137)。
HERCEPTIN®於1998年經批准用於治療已接受大量先前抗癌療法之患有ErbB2過度表現轉移性乳癌的患者(Baselga等人(1996)J.Clin.Oncol.14:737-744)且此後已在超過300000名患者者使用(Slamon DJ等人,N Engl J Med 2001;344:783-92;Vogel CL等人,J Clin Oncol 2002,20:719-26;Marty M等人,J Clin Oncol 2005,23:4265-74;Romond EH等人,TN Engl J Med 2005,353:1673-84;Piccart-Gebhart MJ等人,N Engl J Med 2005,353:1659-72;Slamon D等人[摘要]Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006,100(增刊1):52)。2006年,FDA批准HERCEPTIN®(曲妥珠單抗,Genentech Inc.)作為含有阿黴素(doxorubicin)、環磷醯胺及太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel)之治療方案的一部分以供輔佐治療患有HER2陽性、淋巴結陽性乳癌之患者。儘管
HERCEPTIN®之開發向患有HER2陽性腫瘤之患者提供顯著優於單獨化學療法之結果,但實際上所有HER2陽性轉移性乳癌(MBC)患者最終將在可用療法上皆有進展。仍有機會改良患有MBC之患者的結果。無論曲妥珠單抗之多種作用機制如何,以曲妥珠單抗治療之許多患者在一段時間的治療效益之後顯示無反應或停止反應。一些HER2+(HER2陽性)腫瘤未能對HERCEPTIN®起反應且腫瘤起反應之大多數患者最終有進展。對開發用於對HERCEPTIN®治療無反應或反應較差之患有HER2過度表現腫瘤或與HER2表現相關之其他疾病之患者的其他針對HER2癌症療法存在顯著臨床需要。
抗體靶向療法之替代方法為利用傳遞對抗原表現癌細胞具特異性之細胞毒性藥物的抗體。類美登素(maytansinoid)(抗有絲分裂藥物美登素(maytansine)之衍生物)與微管以類似於長春花生物鹼藥物之方式結合(Issell BF等人(1978)Cancer Treat.Rev.5:199-207;Cabanillas F等人(1979)Cancer Treat Rep,63:507-9)。包含與曲妥珠單抗連接之類美登素DM1的抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)在過度表現HER2之曲妥珠單抗敏感性及曲妥珠單抗抗性腫瘤細胞株及人類乳癌異種移植模型中顯示有效抗腫瘤活性。經由MCC連接子與抗HER2鼠類乳癌抗體TA.1連接之類美登素結合物的效能比使用雙硫鍵連接子之相應結合物低200倍(Chari等人(1992)Cancer Res.127-133)。包含與曲妥珠單抗連接之類美登素DM1的抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)在過度表現HER2之曲妥珠單抗敏感性及曲妥珠單抗抗性腫瘤細胞株及人類癌症異種移植模型中顯示有效抗腫瘤活性。曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)目前正在疾病為針對HER2療法所難治之患者中進行II期臨床試驗評估(Beeram等人(2007)「A phase I study of trastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),a first-in-class HER2 antibody-drug conjugate(ADC),in patients(pts)with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer(BC)」,第43屆美國臨床腫瘤學會年會
(American Society of Clinical Oncology 43rd):6月2日(Abs 1042);Krop等人,European Cancer Conference ECCO,Poster 2118,2007年9月23-27日,Barcelona;US 7097840;US 2005/0276812;US 2005/0166993)。
以某種給藥方案或投藥形式共同使用兩種或兩種以上藥物之組合療法通常具有以下一或多個目的:(i)藉由將具有最小交叉抗性之藥物組合來降低產生後天抗性的頻率;(ii)減少具有非重疊毒性及類似治療概況之藥物的劑量以在較少副作用下達成功效,亦即,增加治療指數;(iii)經由使用另一種藥物使細胞對一種藥物之作用敏感,諸如改變細胞週期階段或生長特性;及(iv)藉由開拓兩種藥物之生物活性的加和效應或大於加和效應而達成效能增強(Pegram,M.等人(1999)Oncogene 18:2241-2251;Konecny,G.等人(2001)Breast Cancer Res.and Treatment 67:223-233:Pegram,M.等人(2004)J.of the Nat.Cancer Inst.96(10):739-749;Fitzgerald等人(2006)Nature Chem.Biol.2(9):458-466;Borisy等人(2003)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci 100(13):7977-7982)。
羅威加和(Loewe additivity)(Chou,T.C.及Talalay,P.(1977)J.Biol.Chem.252:6438-6442;Chou,T.C.及Talalay,P.(1984)Adv.Enzyme Regul.22:27-55;Berenbaum,M.C.(1989)Pharmacol.Rev.41:93-141)及布利斯獨立/協同(Bliss independence/synergy)(Bliss,C.I.(1956)Bacteriol.Rev.20:243-258;Greco等人(1995)Pharmacol.Rev.47:331-385)為用於基於諸如IC50(達成50%靶抑制所需之藥物的劑量且在最簡狀況下等於Ki)之參數計算組合療法與單一療法相比之預期劑量反應關係的方法。
已報導將HER2二聚化抑制劑抗體及EGFR抑制劑用於抗癌組合療法(US 2007/0020261)。曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及帕妥珠單抗
(pertuzumab)已個別地於MBC患者體內展現活性,且已顯示帕妥珠單抗與曲妥珠單抗之組合於HER陽性MBC患者體內具活性(Baselga J等人「A Phase II trial of trastuzumab and pertuzumab in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer that had progressed during trastuzumab therapy:full response data」,European Society of Medical Oncology,Stockholm,Sweden,2008年9月12-16號)。
本發明一般係關於與一或多種化療劑組合投與以抑制癌細胞生長之抗HER2抗體-藥物結合物曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1。曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與化療劑之某些組合在活體外及活體內抑制癌細胞生長方面顯示協同效應。本發明之組合及方法可適用於治療過度增生性病症,諸如癌症。該等組合可抑制哺乳動物之腫瘤生長且可適用於治療人類癌症患者。
在一態樣中,本發明包括一種治療過度增生性病症之方法,其包含將治療組合以組合調配物形式或交替投與哺乳動物,其中該治療組合包含治療有效量之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及治療有效量之選自HER2二聚化抑制劑抗體、抗VEGF抗體、5-FU、卡鉑(carboplatin)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)、ABT-869、多烯紫杉醇(docetaxel)、GDC-0941及GNE-390之化療劑。
治療有效量之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及治療有效量之化療劑可以組合調配物形式或交替投與。
本發明亦係關於使用組合物以供活體外、原位及活體內診斷或治療哺乳動物細胞、有機體或相關病理病狀之方法。
本發明亦係關於投與治療組合產生協同效應之方法。
本發明之另一態樣為醫藥組合物,其包含曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1,選自HER2二聚化抑制劑抗體、抗VEGF抗體、5-FU、卡鉑、拉
帕替尼、ABT-869、多烯紫杉醇、GDC-0941及GNE-390之化療劑,及一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑、助流劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑。
本發明之另一態樣提供治療過度增生性疾病或病症之方法,其包含向需要該治療之哺乳動物投與有效量之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及化療劑。曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與化療劑可經共同調配以供以醫藥調配物形式組合投與或其可以治療組合形式交替(交替、依續劑量)獨立地投與。在一實施例中,藉由輸注傳遞T-DM1且經口傳遞化療劑。
本發明之另一態樣提供預測有效藥物組合之活體內功效之方法,其中該等組合包括曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及抗癌、照護標準化療劑。定性及定量地分析來自活體外細胞增殖及活體內腫瘤異種移植實驗之功效資料。定量分析方法可基於周-特氏中值效應(Chou & Talalay median effect)及產生組合指數(CI)值以表示協同、拮抗或加和之等效線圖,或基於布利斯獨立條形圖偏移。
本發明之另一態樣為一種使用本發明之治療組合以治療哺乳動物之疾病或病狀之方法,該疾病或病狀為諸如癌症,包括由HER2或KDR9(VEGF受體1)調節之癌症。
本發明之另一態樣為本發明之治療組合之用途,其用於製備治療哺乳動物之疾病或病狀的藥劑,該疾病或病狀為諸如癌症,包括由HER2或KDR9(VEGF受體1)調節之癌症。
本發明之另一態樣包括包含曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1、化療劑、容器及視情況指示治療之包裝插頁或標籤的製品或套組。
本發明之另一態樣包括一種測定有待以組合形式用於治療癌症之化合物的方法,其包含:a)將曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與選自HER2二聚化抑制劑抗體、抗VEGF抗體、5-FU、卡鉑、拉帕替尼、ABT-869、多烯紫杉醇、GDC-0941及GNE-390之化療劑之治療組合投與活體外腫瘤細胞株,及b)量測協同或非協同效應。
本發明之額外優勢及新穎特徵將部分闡述於以下描述中,且部分在查閱以下說明書後將為熟習此項技術者顯而易見或可藉由實施本發明而習得。本發明之優勢可藉助於隨附申請專利範圍中特別指出之手段、組合、組合物及方法來實現且達成。
圖1展示3天SK-BR-3活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之曲妥珠單抗、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及曲妥珠單抗與T-DM1之組合的曲線;圖2展示3天BT-474 EEI活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之曲妥珠單抗、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及曲妥珠單抗與T-DM1之組合的曲線;圖3展示5天MDA-MB-175活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之帕妥珠單抗、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及帕妥珠單抗與T-DM1之組合的曲線;圖3a展示5天MDA-MB-175活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之帕妥珠單抗、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及帕妥珠單抗與T-DM1之組合的曲線;圖4展示5天BT-474活體外細胞生存力對各種固定劑量之帕妥珠單抗與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)劑量反應之組合及各種劑量之單獨T-DM1的曲線;圖5展示5天BT-474活體外細胞生存力對各種固定劑量之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)與帕妥珠單抗劑量反應之組合及各種劑量之單獨帕妥珠單抗的曲線;圖6展示5天BT-474活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之帕妥珠單抗、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及帕妥珠單抗與T-DM1之組合的曲線;
圖7展示3天SK-BR-3活體外細胞生存力對變化劑量之T-DM1與固定劑量之拉帕替尼(4.5nM、14nM、41nM、123nM)之組合及變化劑量之單獨T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的曲線;圖7a展示3天SK-BR-3活體外細胞生存力對T-DM1、拉帕替尼及T-DM1與拉帕替尼之固定劑量比組合的曲線;圖8a展示3天BT-474活體外細胞生存力對T-DM1、拉帕替尼及T-DM1與拉帕替尼之固定劑量比組合的曲線;圖8展示3天BT-474活體外細胞生存力對變化劑量之T-DM1與固定劑量之拉帕替尼(1.5nM、4.5nM、14nM、41nM、123nM)之組合及變化劑量之單獨T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的曲線;圖9展示3天BT-474-EEI活體外細胞生存力對變化劑量之T-DM1與固定劑量之拉帕替尼(14nM、41nM、123nM、370nM、1111nM)之組合及變化劑量之單獨T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的曲線;圖10展示在給與以下者之後,接種至SCID米色小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之KPL-4腫瘤(每隻小鼠基質膠中三百萬個細胞)之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)ADC緩衝劑,(2)帕妥珠單抗15mg/kg,(3)T-DM1 0.3mg/kg,(4)T-DM1 1mg/kg,(5)T-DM1 3mg/kg,(6)帕妥珠單抗15mg/kg+T-DM1 0.3mg,(7)帕妥珠單抗15mg/kg+T-DM1 1mg/kg,(8)帕妥珠單抗15mg/kg+T-DM1 3mg/kg。第0天給與ADC緩衝劑及T-DM1一次。第0天、第7天及第14天給與帕妥珠單抗;圖11展示在給與以下者之後,接種至SCID米色小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之KPL-4腫瘤(每隻小鼠基質膠中三百萬個細胞)之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)ADC緩衝劑;(2)5-FU 100mg/kg;(3)帕妥珠單抗40mg/kg,首次帕妥珠單抗劑量(第5組、第7組及第9組)為2倍負荷劑量;(4)B20-4.1 5mg/kg;(5)T-DM1 5mg/kg;(6)5-FU 100mg/kg+T-DM1 5mg;(7)帕妥珠單抗40mg/kg+T-DM1 5mg/kg;
(8)B20-4.1 5mg/kg+T-DM1 5mg/kg;(9)B20-4.1 5mg/kg+帕妥珠單抗40mg/kg。在第0天藉由單次靜脈內注射給與ADC緩衝劑及T-DM1一次。第0天、第7天、第14天、第21天給與帕妥珠單抗(每週一次×4)。第0天、第7天及第14天給與5-FU(每週一次×3)。第0天、第3天、第7天、第10天、第14天、第17天、第21天及第24天給與B20-4.1(總共每週兩次×8);圖12展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-HER2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑(ADC緩衝劑),(2)B20-4.1 5mg/kg,(3)T-DM1 3mg/kg,(4)T-DM1 5mg/kg,(5)T-DM1 10mg/kg,(6)B20-4.1 5mg/kg+T-DM1 3mg/kg,(7)B20-4.1 5mg/kg+T-DM1 5mg/kg,(8)B20-4.1 5mg/kg+T-DM1 10mg/kg。第0天及第21天給與ADC緩衝劑及T-DM1;第0天、第3天、第7天、第10天、第14天、第17天、第21天及第24天給與B20-4.1(對8而言總共每週兩次×4);圖13展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-HER2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑(ADC緩衝劑),(2)T-DM1 10mg/kg,(3)5-FU 100mg/kg,(4)吉西他濱120mg/kg,(5)卡鉑100mg/kg,(6)5-FU 100mg/kg+T-DM1 10mg/kg,(7)吉西他濱120mg/kg+T-DM1 10mg/kg,(8)卡鉑100mg/kg+T-DM1 10mg/kg。第0日單次注射給與ADC緩衝劑、T-DM1及卡鉑。第0天、第7天及第14天給與5-FU(每週一次×3)。第0天、第3天、第6天及第9天給與吉西他濱(每三天一次×4);圖14展示在給與以下者之後,接種至哈蘭無胸腺裸小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑(PBS緩衝劑),靜脈內,每週一次×4;(2)拉帕替尼,101mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(3)帕妥珠單抗,40
mg/kg,靜脈內,每週一次×4;(4)B20-4.1,5mg/kg,腹膜內,每週兩次×4;(5)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次至結束;(6)拉帕替尼,101mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21+T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次至結束;(7)帕妥珠單抗,40mg/kg,靜脈內,每週一次×4+T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次至結束;(8)B20-4.1,5mg/kg,腹膜內,每週兩次×4+T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次至結束;圖15展示在給與以下者之後,接種至哈蘭無胸腺裸小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑(PBS緩衝劑),經口,每天兩次×21;(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(4)ABT-869,5mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(5)ABT-869,15mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(6)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1+ABT-869,5mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(7)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1+ABT-869,15mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(8)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1+ABT-869,5mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(9)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1+ABT-869,15mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;圖16展示在給與以下者之後,接種至哈蘭無胸腺裸小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑,靜脈內,每週一次×3;(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2;(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2;(4)多烯紫杉醇,30mg/kg,靜脈內,每週一次×3;(5)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2+多烯紫杉醇,30mg/kg,靜脈內,每週一次×3;(6)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三
週一次×2+多烯紫杉醇,30mg/kg,靜脈內,每週一次×3;圖17展示在給與以下者之後,接種至哈蘭無胸腺裸小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑,經口,每天一次×21;(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2;(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2;(4)拉帕替尼,100mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(5)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2+拉帕替尼,100mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(6)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2+拉帕替尼,100mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;圖18展示3天SK-BR-3活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之5-FU、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及5-FU與T-DM1之固定劑量比組合的曲線;圖19展示3天BT-474活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之5-FU、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及5-FU與T-DM1之固定劑量比組合的曲線;圖20展示3天SK-BR-3活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之吉西他濱、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及吉西他濱與T-DM1之固定劑量比組合的曲線;圖21展示3天MDA-MD-361活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之吉西他濱、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及吉西他濱與T-DM1之固定劑量比組合的曲線;圖22展示在以0.25×至4×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1與GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)之1:10固定劑量比組合治療之後3天KPL4活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製;圖23展示在以0.0625×至16×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941
及T-DM1(1.25至80ng/ml)與GDC-0941(31.25nM至2μM)之1:25固定劑量比組合治療之後3天KPL4活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製;圖24展示在以0至16×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、PI103、GDC-0941及T-DM1+PI103及T-DM1+GDC-0941之固定劑量比組合治療之後3天經Her2擴增、HERCEPTIN®耐受性、PIK3CA(H1047R)突變之KPL-4細胞活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線;圖25展示在達160ng/ml之T-DM1濃度下,以T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1與GDC-0941之固定劑量比組合治療之後24小時KPL4卡斯蛋白酶3/7活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線;圖26展示在0至200ng/ml之T-DM1濃度下,以T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1與GDC-0941之固定劑量比組合治療之後3天KPL4活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線;圖27展示在以0.125×至8×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1(3.125至50ng/ml)與GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)之1:20固定劑量比組合治療之後3天MDA-0MB-361活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製;圖28展示在以0.125×至8×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1(3.125至100ng/ml)與GDC-0941(62.5nM至2μM)之1:20固定劑量比組合治療之後3天MDA-0MB-361活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製;圖29展示在以0.125×至4×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1(3.125至100ng/ml)與GDC-0941(31.25nM至1μM)之1:10固定劑量比組合治療之後3天BT-474活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製;圖30展示在以0.25×至4×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941及
T-DM1(6.25至100ng/ml)與GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)之1:10固定劑量比組合治療之後3天BT-474活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製;圖31展示在以0至16×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、PI103、GDC-0941及T-DM1+PI103及T-DM1+GDC-0941之固定劑量比組合治療之後3天經Her2擴增、非PI3K突變之AU565細胞活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線;圖32展示在以0至16×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、PI103、GDC-0941及T-DM1+PI103及T-DM1+GDC-0941之固定劑量比組合治療之後3天經Her2擴增、PIK3CA(C420R)突變之EFM192A細胞活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線;圖33展示在以0至16×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、PI103、GDC-0941及T-DM1+PI103及T-DM1+GDC-0941之固定劑量比組合治療之後經Her2擴增、HERCEPTIN®耐受性、PIK3CA(H1047R)突變之HCC1954細胞活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線;圖34展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑,經口,每天一次×21;(2)T-DM1,10mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次;(3)5-FU,100mg/kg,經口,每週一次×2;(4)T-DM1,5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次+5-FU,100mg/kg,經口,每週一次×2;圖35展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑,經口,每天一次×21;(2)T-DM1,5mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(3)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(4)GDC-0152,50mg/kg,經口,每週一次×3;(5)T-DM1,5mg/kg,
靜脈內,每天一次×1+GDC-0941,100mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(6)T-DM1,5mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1+GDC-0152,50mg/kg,經口,每週一次×3;圖36展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠中之MDA-MB-361.1乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑,經口,每天一次×21;(2)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(3)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(4)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(5)T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(6)T-DM1,10mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(7)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(8)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(9)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(10)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(11)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(12)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;及圖37展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠中之MDA-MB-361.1乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑[MCT(0.5%甲基纖維素/0.2% TWEEN 80TM)+丁二酸鹽緩衝劑(100mM丁二酸鈉,100mg/ml海藻糖,0.1% TWEEN 80,pH 5.0)],經口+靜脈內,每天一次×21與每天一次;(2)GNE-390,1.0mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(3)GNE-390,2.5mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(4)T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次;(5)GNE-390,1.0mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次;(6)GNE-
390,2.5mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次。
現將詳細參考本發明之某些實施例,該等實施例之實例係以隨附結構及式說明。儘管本發明將結合所列舉之實施例來描述,但應瞭解,本發明並不意欲限於彼等實施例。與此相反,本發明意欲涵蓋可包括於如申請專利範圍所定義之本發明範疇內的所有替代物、修改及等效物。熟習此項技術者將認識到與本文所述之方法及物質類似或等效之許多方法及物質,其可用於實施本發明。本發明決不限於所述方法及物質。在所併入之文獻、專利及類似物質中之一或多者不同於本申請案或與本申請案相悖之情況下(包括(但不限於)所定義術語、術語用法、所述技術或其類似者),以本申請案為準。
詞語「包含」及「包括」當在本說明書及申請專利範圍中使用時意欲具體說明所述特徵、整體、組份或步驟的存在,但其並不排除一或多個其他特徵、整體、組份、步驟或其群的存在或添加。
術語「治療」係指治療性治療與預防性措施,其目的在於預防或減緩(減輕)不當生理變化或病症,諸如過度增生性病狀(諸如癌症)之生長、發展或擴散。出於本發明之目的,有益或所要臨床結果包括(但不限於):症狀緩解、疾病程度減小、疾病病況穩定(亦即,不惡化)、疾病進程延緩或減緩、疾病病況改善或減輕及病徵緩和(部分抑或完全),該等結果為可偵測抑或不可偵測的。「治療」亦可意謂使存活時間與不接受治療之預期存活時間相比延長。需要治療者包括已患有病狀或病症者以及傾向於患病狀或病症者或有待預防病狀或病症者。
片語「治療有效量」意謂(i)治療特定疾病、病狀或病症,(ii)減
輕、改善或消除特定疾病、病狀或病症之一或多種症狀,或(iii)預防或延緩本文所述之特定疾病、病狀或病症之一或多種症狀發作的本發明化合物之量。在癌症狀況下,治療有效量之藥物可減少癌細胞之數目;減小腫瘤尺寸;抑制(亦即,在一定程度上減緩且較佳終止)癌細胞浸潤至周邊器官中;抑制(亦即,在一定程度上減緩且較佳終止)腫瘤轉移;在一定程度上抑制腫瘤生長;及/或在一定程度上緩解癌症相關症狀中之一或多者。就藥物可阻止現有癌細胞生長及/或將其殺死而言,該藥物可具細胞抑制性及/或細胞毒性。對於癌症療法而言,可(例如)藉由評定疾病進程時間(TTP)及/或測定反應率(RR)來量測功效。
「過度增生性病症」係由腫瘤、癌症及贅生性組織(包括惡變前及非贅生性階段)指示,且亦包括牛皮癬、子宮內膜異位、息肉及纖維腺瘤。
術語「癌症」及「癌性」係指或描述哺乳動物體內通常以不受調節之細胞生長為特徵的生理病狀。「腫瘤」包含一或多個癌細胞。癌症之實例包括(但不限於):癌瘤、淋巴瘤、母細胞瘤、肉瘤及白血病或淋巴惡性病。該等癌症之更具體實例包括鱗狀細胞癌(例如上皮鱗狀細胞癌);肺癌,包括小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌(「NSCLC」);肺腺癌及肺鱗狀癌;腹膜癌;肝細胞癌;胃癌,包括胃腸癌;胰腺癌、膠質母細胞瘤;子宮頸癌;卵巢癌;肝癌;膀胱癌;肝細胞癌;乳癌;結腸癌;直腸癌;結腸直腸癌;子宮內膜癌或子宮癌;唾液腺癌;腎癌;前列腺癌;陰門癌;甲狀腺癌;肝癌瘤;肛門癌;陰莖癌;以及頭頸癌。
「化療劑」為適用於治療癌症之化合物,無論作用機制如何。化療劑之種類包括(但不限於):烷化劑、抗代謝物、紡錘體毒素植物鹼、細胞毒性抗生素/抗腫瘤抗生素、拓撲異構酶抑制劑、抗體、光
敏劑及激酶抑制劑。化療劑包括「靶向療法」及習知化學療法中所用之化合物。化療劑之實例包括:埃羅替尼(erlotinib)(TARCEVA®,Genentech/OSI Pharm.)、多烯紫杉醇(TAXOTERE®,Sanofi-Aventis)、5-FU(氟尿嘧啶、5-氟尿嘧啶,CAS第51-21-8號)、吉西他濱(gemcitabine)(GEMZAR®,Lilly)、PD-0325901(CAS第391210-10-9號,Pfizer)、順鉑(cisplatin)(順二胺二氯鉑(II),CAS第15663-27-1號)、卡鉑(CAS第41575-94-4號)、太平洋紫杉醇(TAXOL®,Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology,Princeton,N.J.)、曲妥珠單抗(HERCEPTIN®,Genentech)、替莫唑胺(temozolomide)(4-甲基-5-側氧基-2,3,4,6,8-五氮雜雙環[4.3.0]壬-2,7,9-三烯-9-甲醯胺,CAS第85622-93-1號,TEMODAR®,TEMODAL®,Schering Plough)、他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)((Z)-2-[4-(1,2-二苯基丁-1-烯基)苯氧基]-N,N-二甲基-乙胺,NOLVADEX®,ISTUBAL®,VALODEX®)及阿黴素(ADRIAMYCIN®)、Akti-1/2、HPPD及雷帕黴素(rapamycin)。
化療劑之更多實例包括:奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)(ELOXATIN®,Sanofi)、硼替佐米(bortezomib)(VELCADE®,Millennium Pharm.)、紓癌特(sutent)(SUNITINIB®,SU11248,Pfizer)、來曲唑(letrozole)(FEMARA®,Novartis)、甲磺酸伊馬替尼(imatinib mesylate)(GLEEVEC®,Novartis)、XL-518(MEK抑制劑,Exelixis,WO 2007/044515)、ARRY-886(Mek抑制劑,AZD6244,Array BioPharma,Astra Zeneca)、SF-1126(PI3K抑制劑,Semafore Pharmaceuticals)、BEZ-235(PI3K抑制劑,Novartis)、XL-147(PI3K抑制劑,Exelixis)、PTK787/ZK 222584(Novartis)、氟維司群(fulvestrant)(FASLODEX®,AstraZeneca)、甲醯四氫葉酸(leucovorin)(醛葉酸)、雷帕黴素(西羅莫司(sirolimus),RAPAMUNE®,Wyeth)、拉帕替尼(TYKERB®,GSK572016,Glaxo
Smith Kline)、洛那法尼(lonafarnib)(SARASARTM,SCH 66336,Schering Plough)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)(NEXAVAR®,BAY43-9006,Bayer Labs)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)(IRESSA®,AstraZeneca)、伊立替康(irinotecan)(CAMPTOSAR®,CPT-11,Pfizer)、替吡法尼(tipifarnib)(ZARNESTRATM,Johnson & Johnson)、ABRAXANETM(不含十六醇聚氧乙烯醚(Cremophor))、太平洋紫杉醇之經白蛋白工程化奈米顆粒調配物(American Pharmaceutical Partners,Schaumberg,Il)、凡德他尼(vandetanib)(rINN,ZD6474,ZACTIMA®,AstraZeneca)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、AG1478、AG1571(SU 5271,Sugen)、坦西莫司(temsirolimus)(TORISEL®,Wyeth)、帕唑帕尼(pazopanib)(GlaxoSmithKline)、坎弗醯胺(canfosfamide)(TELCYTA®,Telik)、噻替派(thiotepa)及環磷醯胺(CYTOXAN®,NEOSAR®);磺酸烷酯,諸如白消安(busulfan)、英丙舒凡(improsulfan)及哌泊舒凡(piposulfan);氮丙啶(aziridine),諸如苯唑多巴(benzodopa)、卡波醌(carboquone)、米特多巴(meturedopa)及尤利多巴(uredopa);伸乙基亞胺及甲基三聚氰胺,包括六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、三伸乙基三聚氰胺、三伸乙基磷醯胺、三伸乙基硫代磷醯胺及羥甲基三聚氰胺;乙醯精寧(acetogenin)(尤其為布拉他辛(bullatacin)及布拉他辛酮(bullatacinone));喜樹鹼(camptothecin)(包括合成類似物拓朴替康(topotecan));苔蘚蟲素(bryostatin);卡利斯他汀(callystatin);CC-1065(包括其阿多來新(adozelesin)、卡折來新(carzelesin)及比折來新(bizelesin)合成類似物);念珠藻環肽(cryptophycin)(尤其念珠藻環肽1及念珠藻環肽8);海兔毒素(dolastatin);多卡黴素(duocarmycin)(包括合成類似物KW-2189及CB1-TM1);艾榴塞洛素(eleutherobin);水鬼蕉鹼(pancratistatin);沙考地汀(sarcodictyin);海綿抑素(spongistatin);氮芥,諸如苯丁酸氮芥、
萘氮芥(chlornaphazine)、氯磷醯胺、雌莫司汀(estramustine)、異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、二氯甲基二乙胺(mechlorethamine)、氧化二氯甲基二乙胺鹽酸鹽、美法侖(melphalan)、新恩比興(novembichin)、芬司特瑞(phenesterine)、潑尼莫司汀(prednimustine)、曲洛磷胺(trofosfamide)、尿嘧啶氮芥(uracil mustard);亞硝基脲,諸如卡莫司汀(carmustine)、氯脲菌素(chlorozotocin)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、尼莫司汀(nimustine)及拉甯司汀(ranimnustine);抗生素,諸如烯二炔抗生素(例如刺孢黴素(calicheamicin)、刺孢黴素γ1I、刺孢黴素ωI1(Angew Chem.Intl.Ed.Engl.(1994)33:183-186);達內黴素(dynemicin)、達內黴素A;雙膦酸鹽,諸如氯屈膦酸鹽(clodronate);埃斯培拉黴素(esperamicin);以及新製癌菌素(neocarzinostatin)發色團及相關色蛋白烯二炔抗生素發色團)、阿克拉黴素(aclacinomycin)、放線菌素(actinomycin)、胺茴黴素(authramycin)、重氮絲胺酸(azaserine)、博來黴素(bleomycin)、放線菌素C(cactinomycin)、卡柔比星(carubicin)、洋紅黴素(carminomycin)、嗜癌菌素(carzinophilin)、色黴素(chromomycin)、放線菌素D(dactinomycin)、道諾黴素(daunorubicin)、地托比星(detorubicin)、6-重氮基-5-側氧基-L-正白胺酸、嗎啉基-阿黴素、氰基嗎啉基-阿黴素、2-吡咯啉基-阿黴素及脫氧阿黴素、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依索比星(esorubicin)、伊達比星(idarubicin)、麻西羅黴素(marcellomycin)、絲裂黴素(mitomycin)(諸如絲裂黴素C)、黴酚酸(mycophenolic acid)、諾加黴素(nogalamycin)、橄欖黴素(olivomycin)、培洛黴素(peplomycin)、泊非黴素(potfiromycin)、嘌呤黴素(puromycin)、奎那黴素(quelamycin)、羅多比星(rodorubicin)、鏈黑黴素(streptonigrin)、鏈脲黴素(streptozocin)、殺結核菌素(tubercidin)、烏苯美司(ubenimex)、淨司他丁(zinostatin)、左柔比星
(zorubicin);抗代謝物,諸如甲胺喋呤(methotrexate)及5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);葉酸類似物,諸如二甲葉酸(denopterin)、甲胺喋呤、蝶羅呤(pteropterin)、三甲曲沙(trimetrexate);嘌呤類似物,諸如氟達拉濱(fludarabine)、6-驗基嘌呤、噻咪嘌呤(thiamiprine)、硫鳥嘌呤(thioguanine);嘧啶類似物,諸如安西他濱(ancitabine)、阿紮胞苷(azacitidine)、6-氮雜尿苷(6-azauridine)、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、二脫氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine)、脫氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依諾他濱(enocitabine)、氟尿苷(floxuridine);雄激素,諸如卡普睾酮(calusterone)、丙酸屈他雄酮(dromostanolone propionate)、環硫雄醇(epitiostanol)、美雄烷(mepitiostane)、睾內酯(testolactone);抗腎上腺素,諸如胺魯米特(aminoglutethimide)、米托坦(mitotane)、曲洛司坦(trilostane);葉酸補充劑,諸如夫羅林酸(frolinic acid);醋葡醛內酯(aceglatone);醛磷醯胺糖苷(aldophosphamide glycoside);胺基乙醯丙酸;乙炔尿嘧啶(eniluracil);安吖啶(amsacrine);倍思塔布(bestrabucil);比生群(bisantrene);艾達曲克(edatraxate);得弗伐胺(defofamine);秋水仙胺(demecolcine);地吖醌(diaziquone);艾弗利散(elfornithine);依利醋銨(elliptinium acetate);埃博黴素(epothilone);依託格魯(etoglucid);硝酸鎵;羥基脲;香菇多糖(lentinan);羅尼達寧(lonidainine);類美登素,諸如美登素及安絲菌素(ansamitocin);米托胍腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);莫哌達醇(mopidamol);尼曲吖啶(nitracrine);噴司他丁(pentostatin);噴那美特(phenamet);吡柔比星(pirarubicin);洛索蒽醌(losoxantrone);足葉草酸(podophyllinic acid);2-乙醯肼;丙卡巴肼(procarbazine);PSK®多醣複合物(JHS Natural Products,Eugene,OR);雷佐生(razoxane);根瘤菌素(rhizoxin);西佐喃(sizofiran);鍺螺胺(spirogermanium);細
交鏈孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid);三亞胺醌(triaziquone);2,2',2"-三氯三乙胺;單端孢黴烯族毒素(trichothecene)(T-2毒素、黏液黴素A(verrucarin A)、桿孢菌素A(roridin A)及胺癸汀(anguidine));烏拉坦(urethan);長春地辛(vindesine);達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine);甘露莫司汀(mannomustine);二溴甘露醇(mitobronitol);二溴衛矛醇(mitolactol);哌泊溴烷(pipobroman);甲托辛(gacytosine);阿拉伯糖苷(arabinoside)(Ara-C);環磷醯胺;噻替派;6-硫鳥嘌呤;疏基嘌呤;甲胺喋呤;鉑類似物,諸如順鉑及卡鉑;長春鹼(vinblastine);依託泊苷(etoposide)(VP-16);異環磷醯胺;米托蒽醌;長春新鹼(vincristine);長春瑞賓(vinorelbine)(NAVELBINE®);諾消靈(novantrone);替尼泊苷(teniposide);依達曲沙(edatrexate);柔紅黴素(daunomycin);胺基蝶呤(aminopterin);卡培他濱(capecitabine)(XELODA®,Roche);伊班膦酸鹽(ibandronate);CPT-11;拓撲異構酶抑制劑RFS 2000;二氟甲基鳥胺酸(DMFO);類視色素,諸如視黃酸;及上述任一者之醫藥學上可接受之鹽、酸及衍生物。
「化療劑」定義中亦包括:(i)用以調節或抑制對腫瘤之激素作用的抗激素劑,諸如抗雌激素及選擇性雌激素受體調節劑(SERM),包括(例如)他莫昔芬(NOLVADEX®;檸檬酸他莫昔芬)、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)、曲洛昔芬(droloxifene)、4-羥基他莫昔芬、曲沃昔芬(trioxifene)、鹽酸雷洛昔芬(keoxifene)、LY117018、奧那司酮(onapristone)及FARESTON®(檸檬酸托瑞米芬(toremifene citrate));(ii)抑制酶類芳香酶之芳香酶抑制劑,其調節腎上腺中之雌激素產生,諸如4(5)-咪唑、胺魯米特、MEGASE®(乙酸甲地孕酮(megestrol acetate))、AROMASIN®(依西美坦(exemestane),Pfizer)、福米斯坦(formestane)、法屈唑(fadrozole)、RIVISOR®(伏氯唑(vorozole))、
FEMARA®(來曲唑,Novartis)及ARIMIDEX®(阿那曲唑(anastrozole),AstraZeneca);(iii)抗雄激素,諸如氟他胺(flutamide)、尼魯米特(nilutamide)、比卡魯胺(bicalutamide)、亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)及戈舍瑞林(goserelin);以及曲沙他濱(troxacitabine)(1,3-二氧戊環核苷胞嘧啶類似物);(iv)蛋白激酶抑制劑,諸如MEK抑制劑(WO 2007/044515);(v)脂質激酶抑制劑;(vi)反義寡核苷酸,尤其為抑制異常細胞增殖中所牽涉之信號轉導路徑中之基因表現的彼等反義寡核苷酸,例如PKC-α,Raf及H-Ras,諸如奧利默森(oblimersen)(GENASENSE®,Genta Inc.);(vii)核糖核酸酶,諸如VEGF表現抑制劑(例如ANGIOZYME®)及HER2表現抑制劑;(viii)疫苗,諸如基因療法疫苗,例如ALLOVECTIN®、LEUVECTIN®及VAXID®;PROLEUKIN® rIL-2;拓撲異構酶1抑制劑,諸如LURTOTECAN®;ABARELIX® rmRH;(ix)抗血管生成劑,諸如貝伐單抗(bevacizumab)(AVASTIN®,Genentech);及上述任一者之醫藥學上可接受之鹽、酸及衍生物。
「化療劑」定義中亦包括治療性抗體,諸如阿侖單抗(alemtuzumab)(Campath)、貝伐單抗(AVASTIN®,Genentech);西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)(ERBITUX®,Imclone);帕尼單抗(panitumumab)(VECTIBIX®,Amgen)、利妥昔單抗(rituximab)(RITUXAN®,Genentech/Biogen Idec)、帕妥珠單抗(OMNITARGTM,2C4,Genentech)、曲妥珠單抗(HERCEPTIN®,Genentech)、托西莫單抗(tositumomab)(Bexxar,Corixia)及抗體-藥物結合物吉妥珠單抗奧唑米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)(MYLOTARG®,Wyeth)。
具有作為與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1組合之化療劑之治療潛力的人類化單株抗體包括:阿侖單抗、阿泊珠單抗(apolizumab)、阿塞珠單抗(aselizumab)、阿利珠單抗(atlizumab)、巴平新珠單抗
(bapineuzumab)、貝伐單抗、比伐珠單抗美坦辛(bivatuzumab mertansine)、坎妥珠單抗美坦辛(cantuzumab mertansine)、西利珠單抗(cedelizumab)、培塞株單抗(certolizumab pegol)、西弗絲妥珠單抗(cidfusituzumab)、西地妥珠單抗(cidtuzumab)、達利珠單抗(daclizumab)、艾庫組單抗(eculizumab)、依法珠單抗(efalizumab)、依帕珠單抗(epratuzumab)、厄利珠單抗(erlizumab)、泛維珠單抗(felvizumab)、芳妥珠單抗(fontolizumab)、吉妥珠單抗奧唑米星、伊諾妥珠單抗奧唑米星(inotuzumab ozogamicin)、吡利牡單抗(ipilimumab)、拉貝珠單抗(labetuzumab)、林妥珠單抗(lintuzumab)、馬妥珠單抗(matuzumab)、美泊利珠單抗(mepolizumab)、莫維珠單抗(motavizumab)、莫托珠單抗(motovizumab)、那他珠單抗(natalizumab)、尼妥珠單抗(nimotuzumab)、諾維珠單抗(nolovizumab)、努維珠單抗(numavizumab)、奧卡利珠單抗(ocrelizumab)、奧馬佐單抗(omalizumab)、帕利珠單抗(palivizumab)、帕考珠單抗(pascolizumab)、派弗西妥珠單抗(pecfusituzumab)、派妥珠單抗(pectuzumab)、帕妥珠單抗、培克珠單抗(pexelizumab)、來利珠單抗(ralivizumab)、蘭尼單抗(ranibizumab)、來絲利維珠單抗(reslivizumab)、來絲利珠單抗(reslizumab)、來西維珠單抗(resyvizumab)、羅維珠單抗(rovelizumab)、盧利珠單抗(ruplizumab)、西羅珠單抗(sibrotuzumab)、希普利珠單抗(siplizumab)、索土珠單抗(sontuzumab)、他珠單抗四西坦(tacatuzumab tetraxetan)、他西珠單抗(tadocizumab)、他利珠單抗(talizumab)、特菲巴珠單抗(tefibazumab)、托珠單抗(tocilizumab)、托利珠單抗(toralizumab)、曲妥珠單抗、土考妥珠單抗西莫白介素(tucotuzumab celmoleukin)、土庫西妥珠單抗(tucusituzumab)、恩維珠單抗(umavizumab)、烏珠單抗(urtoxazumab)及維西珠單抗(visilizumab)。
「代謝物」為經由指定化合物或其鹽在體內代謝所產生之產物。可使用此項技術中已知之常規技術來鑑別化合物之代謝物且使用諸如本文所述測試之測試來測定其活性。該等產物可(例如)由所投與化合物之氧化、還原、水解、醯胺化、去醯胺化、酯化、去酯化、酶促裂解及其類似過程而產生。因此,本發明包括本發明化合物之代謝物,包括由包含使本發明之化合物與哺乳動物接觸足以產生其代謝產物之時段的過程而產生之化合物。
術語「包裝插頁」用於指代通常包括於治療性產品之商業包裝中之說明書,其含有關於涉及該等治療性產品使用之適應症、用法、劑量、投藥、禁忌症及/或警告的資訊。
如本文所用之片語「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」係指本發明化合物之醫藥學上可接受之有機鹽或無機鹽。例示性鹽包括(但不限於):硫酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、乙酸鹽、草酸鹽、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、硝酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、磷酸鹽、酸式磷酸鹽、異菸鹼酸鹽、乳酸鹽、水楊酸鹽、酸式檸檬酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、油酸鹽、丹寧酸鹽(tannate)、泛酸鹽、酒石酸氫鹽、抗壞血酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、龍膽酸鹽(gentisinate)、反丁烯二酸鹽、葡糖酸鹽、葡萄糖醛酸鹽、蔗糖酸鹽、甲酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、甲烷磺酸鹽「甲磺酸鹽」、乙烷磺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、對甲苯磺酸鹽及雙羥萘酸鹽(亦即,1,1'-亞甲基-雙(2-羥基-3-萘甲酸鹽))。醫藥學上可接受之鹽可涉及包涵另一分子,諸如乙酸根離子、丁二酸根離子或其他平衡離子。平衡離子可為使母體化合物上之電荷穩定之任何有機或無機部分。此外,醫藥學上可接受之鹽可於其結構中具有一個以上帶電原子。多個帶電原子為醫藥學上可接受之鹽之一部分的情況可具有多個平衡離子。因此,醫藥學上可接受之鹽可具有一或多個帶電原子及/或一或多個平衡離子。
若本發明之化合物為鹼,則所要醫藥學上可接受之鹽可由此項
技術中可用之任何合適方法製備,例如,用無機酸處理游離鹼,該無機酸為諸如鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、甲烷磺酸、磷酸及其類似酸;或用有機酸處理游離鹼,該有機酸為諸如乙酸、順丁烯二酸、丁二酸、扁桃酸、反丁烯二酸、丙二酸、丙酮酸、草酸、乙醇酸、水楊酸、諸如葡糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸之哌喃糖酸、諸如檸檬酸或酒石酸之α-羥基酸、諸如天冬胺酸或麩胺酸之胺基酸、諸如苯甲酸或肉桂酸之芳族酸、諸如對甲苯磺酸或乙烷磺酸之磺酸或其類似酸。一般視為適合於由鹼性醫藥化合物形成醫藥學上適用或可接受之鹽的酸在(例如)以下文獻中論述:P. Stahl等人,Camille G.(編)Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts. Properties, Selection and Use. (2002) Zurich: Wiley-VCH;S. Berge等人,Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (1977) 66(1) 1 19;P. Gould, International J. of Pharmaceutics (1986) 33 201 217;Anderson等人,The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry (1996), Academic Press, New York;Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,(1995) Mack Publishing Co., Easton PA;及The Orange Book(Food & Drug Administration, Washington, D.C.,於其網站上)。此等揭示案以引用的方式併入本文中。
若本發明化合物為酸,則所要醫藥學上可接受之鹽可由任何合適方法製備,例如用無機鹼或有機鹼處理游離酸,該無機鹼或有機鹼為諸如胺(第一胺、第二胺或第三胺)、鹼金屬氫氧化物或鹼土金屬氫氧化物或其類似鹼。合適鹽之說明性實例包括(但不限於):衍生自以下者之有機鹽:諸如甘胺酸及精胺酸之胺基酸、氨、第一胺、第二胺及第三胺及諸如哌啶、嗎啉及哌嗪之環胺;及衍生自以下者之無機鹽:鈉、鈣、鉀、鎂、錳、鐵、銅、鋅、鋁及鋰。
片語「醫藥學上可接受」表示物質或組合物須與構成調配物之其他成份及/或用其治療之哺乳動物化學上及/或毒理學上相容。
「溶劑合物」係指一或多個溶劑分子與本發明化合物之物理締合或複合物。本發明之化合物可以非溶劑化以及溶劑化形式存在。形成溶劑合物之溶劑之實例包括(但不限於):水、異丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、DMSO、乙酸乙酯、乙酸及乙醇胺。術語「水合物」係指溶劑分子為水之複合物。此物理締合涉及不同程度之離子鍵結及共價鍵結,包括氫鍵結。在某些情況下,例如當將一或多個溶劑分子併入結晶固體之晶格中時,溶劑合物將能夠分離。溶劑合物之製備一般已知,例如M.Caira等人,J.Pharmaceutical Sci.,93(3),601 611(2004)。溶劑合物、半溶劑合物、水合物及其類似物之類似製備係由E.C.van Tonder等人,AAPS PharmSciTech.,5(1),article 12(2004)及A.L.Bingham等人,Chem.Commun.,603-604(2001)描述。典型、非限制性方法涉及在高於周圍溫度之溫度下將本發明化合物溶解於所要量之所要溶劑(有機物或水或其混合物)中,且以足以形成晶體之速率冷卻該溶液,接著由標準方法分離該等晶體。諸如I.R.光譜分析之分析技術顯示呈溶劑合物(或水合物)形式之晶體中溶劑(或水)的存在。
如本文所用之術語「協同」係指比兩種或兩種以上單一試劑之加和效應更有效之治療組合。曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與一或多種化療劑之間的協同相互作用的測定可基於自本文所述之檢定獲得之結果。使用周-特氏組合法(Chou and Talalay combination method)及以CalcuSyn軟體之劑量效應分析來分析此等檢定之結果以獲得組合指數「CI」(Chou及Talalay(1984)Adv.Enzyme Regul.22:27-55)。已於若干檢定系統中評估本發明所提供之組合,且可利用用於量化抗癌劑之間的協同、加和及拮抗之標準程式來分析資料。較佳利用之程式為由Chou及Talalay描述於「New Avenues in Developmental Cancer Chemotherapy」,Academic Press,1987,第2章中之程式。小於0.8之組合指數(CI)值表示協同,大於1.2之值表示拮抗且介於0.8至1.2之間
的值表示加和效應。組合療法可提供「協同」且證實為「協同的」,亦即,一起使用活性成份時所達成之效應大於獨立使用該等化合物所產生之效應的總和。協同效應可在以下情況下達成:(1)活性成份以組合單位劑量調配物形式共同調配且同時投與或傳遞;(2)活性成份以獨立調配物形式交替傳遞;或(3)藉由某種其他方案。當以交替療法傳遞時,可在依續投與或傳遞化合物(例如,藉由以獨立注射器不同注射)時達成協同效應。一般而言,在交替療法期間,依續(亦即,時間上連續)投與有效劑量之各活性成份。
本發明包括包含具有以下結構之抗體-藥物結合物曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)之治療組合:
其中Tr為曲妥珠單抗,其經由連接子部分MCC與類美登素藥物部分DM1連接(US 5208020;US 6441163)。在以上曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1結構中,藥物與抗體比或藥物負荷係以p表示,且在1至約8之整數值範圍內。藥物負荷值p為1至8。曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1包括各種負荷及連接之抗體-藥物結合物之所有混合物,其中1個、2個、3個、4個、5個、6個、7個及8個藥物部分與抗體曲妥珠單抗共價連接(US 7097840;US 2005/0276812;US 2005/0166993)。曲妥珠單抗-MCC-
DM1可根據實例1製備。
曲妥珠單抗係由哺乳動物細胞(中國倉鼠卵巢,CHO)懸浮培養物產生。HER2(或c-erbB2)原癌基因編碼185kDa跨膜受體蛋白,該蛋白在結構上與表皮生長因子受體相關。HER2蛋白過度表現於25%-30%之原發性乳癌中觀測到且可使用基於免疫組織化學之固定腫瘤塊評定來測定(Press MF等人(1993)Cancer Res 53:4960-70)。曲妥珠單抗為具有鼠類4D5抗體之抗原結合殘基或具有來源於鼠類4D5抗體之抗原結合殘基的抗體(ATCC CRL 10463,於1990年5月24日在布達佩斯條約(Budapest Treaty)下寄存於美國菌種保存中心(American Type Culture Collection),12301 Parklawn Drive,Rockville,Md.20852)。例示性人類化4D5抗體包括如US 5821337中之huMAb4D5-1、huMAb4D5-2、huMAb4D5-3、huMAb4D5-4、huMAb4D5-5、huMAb4D5-6、huMAb4D5-7及huMAb4D5-8(HERCEPTIN®)。
在I期研究中,每3週藉由靜脈內輸注投與之T-DM1之最大耐受劑量(MTD)為3.6mg/kg。DLT(劑量限制毒性)由在以4.8mg/kg治療之3名患者中之2名中出現4級血小板減少症組成。以3.6mg/kg相關2級不良事件很少發生且易控制。此治療時程具良好耐受性且與如先前所述之顯著臨床活性相關。II期研究已顯示以每3週投與之3.6mg/kg劑量水平耐受性類似,其中僅較小百分比之患者(112名患者中之3名)需要降低劑量。因此,基於1)每3週以3.6mg/kg之T-DM1的經證實功效及安全性及2)3週方案對此患者群體之便利性,在此研究中選擇每3週投與3.6mg/kg之T-DM1劑量來測試。
某些化療劑與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1組合在活體外及活體內抑制細胞增殖方面已證實具有令人驚訝且意想不到之特性。該等化療劑包括HER2二聚化抑制劑抗體、抗VEGF抗體、5-FU、卡鉑、拉帕替尼、
ABT-869、多烯紫杉醇、GDC-0941及GNE-390。
帕妥珠單抗(CAS登記號380610-27-5,OMNITARG®,2C4,Genentec)為抑制HER2二聚之重組人類化單株抗體(US 6054297;US 6407213;US 6800738;US 6627196;US 6949245;US 7041292)。帕妥珠單抗及曲妥珠單抗靶向HER-2酪胺酸激酶受體之不同胞外區(Nahta等人(2004)Cancer Res.64:2343-2346)。表現2C4(帕妥珠單抗)之融合瘤細胞株於1999年4月8日以ATCC HB-12697寄存於美國菌種保存中心(ATCC),10801 University Boulevard,Manassas,Va.20110-2209,USA。帕妥珠單抗阻斷HER2受體與其他HER受體家族成員(亦即,HER1/EGFR、HER3及HER4)協作之能力(Agus等人(2002)Cancer Cell 2:127-37;Jackson等人(2004)Cancer Res 64:2601-9;Takai等人(2005)Cancer 104:2701-8;US 6949245)。在癌細胞中,干擾HER2與其他HER家族受體協作之能力阻斷細胞信號轉導且可最終引起癌細胞生長抑制及癌細胞死亡。HDI由於其獨特的作用模式而具有在多種腫瘤(包括不過度表現HER2之腫瘤)中起作用之潛力(Mullen等人(2007)Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 6:93-100)。
帕妥珠單抗係基於人類IgG1(κ)構架序列。其由兩條重鏈及兩條輕鏈組成。如同曲妥珠單抗,帕妥珠單抗係針對HER2之胞外域。然而,其與曲妥珠單抗之不同之處在於輕鏈及重鏈之抗原決定基結合區。因此,帕妥珠單抗與稱為HER2之子域2內之抗原決定基結合,而來自曲妥珠單抗之抗原決定基定位於子域4(Cho等人2003;Franklin等人2004)。帕妥珠單抗藉由阻斷HER2與其他HER家族成員締合而起作用,該等成員包括HER1(表皮生長因子受體,EGFR)、HER3及HER4。此締合為配位體存在下經由MAP-激酶及PI3-激酶進行信號轉導所需。因此,帕妥珠單抗抑制配位體引發之細胞內信號轉導。此等信號轉導路徑之抑制可分別致使生長停滯及細胞凋亡(Hanahan及
Weinberg 2000)。由於帕妥珠單抗及曲妥珠單抗在HER2受體上之不同抗原決定基處結合,故配位體活化之下游信號轉導係由帕妥珠單抗而非曲妥珠單抗阻斷。因此,帕妥珠單抗可能不需要HER2過度表現來發揮其作為抗腫瘤劑之活性。另外,帕妥珠單抗與T-DM1之組合由於其互補之作用模式而可在HER2過度表現疾病中具有潛在作用。
已在於各種癌症類型中進行之五個II期研究中以單劑形式評估帕妥珠單抗,該等癌症類型包括低HER2表現量之MBC、非小細胞肺癌、激素難治性前列腺癌及卵巢癌。II期試驗在具有正常HER2表現之轉移性乳癌(MBC)患者的二線或三線治療中評估單劑形式之帕妥珠單抗(Cortes等人(2005)J.Clin.Oncol.23:3068)。已在兩個II期研究中評估與曲妥珠單抗組合之帕妥珠單抗(Baselga J等人「A Phase II trial of trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer that had progressed during trastuzumab therapy:full response data」,European Society of Medical Oncology,Stockholm,Sweden,2008年9月12-16日;Gelmon等人(2008)J.Clin.Oncol.26:1026)。第一研究編入11名患有HER2陽性MBC之患者,該等患者先前接受至多三個預先含曲妥珠單抗方案(Portera等人2007)。
貝伐單抗(CAS登記號216974-75-3,AVASTIN®,Genentech)為癌症治療中所用之針對血管內皮生長因子之抗VEGF單株抗體(US 7227004;US 6884879;US 7060269;US 7169901;US 7297334),其藉由阻斷新血管形成而抑制腫瘤生長。貝伐單抗為美國首個臨床上可用之血管生成抑制劑,其於2004年由FDA批准與標準化學療法組合用於治療轉移性結腸癌及多數形式之轉移性非小細胞肺癌。正在進行若干後期臨床研究以測定其對患有以下疾病之患者的安全性及有效性:輔助性/非轉移性結腸癌、轉移性乳癌、轉移性腎細胞癌、轉移性多形性膠質母細胞瘤、轉移性卵巢癌、轉移性激素難治性前列腺癌及轉
移性胰腺癌或不可切除之局部晚期胰腺癌。
抗VEGF抗體通常不會與諸如VEGF-B或VEGF-C之其他VEGF同源物結合,亦不會與諸如P1GF、PDGF或bFGF之其他生長因子結合。較佳抗VEGF抗體包括與融合瘤ATCC HB 10709所產生之單株抗VEGF抗體A4.6.1結合相同之抗原決定基的單株抗體;根據Presta等人(1997)Cancer Res.57:4593-4599產生之重組人類化抗VEGF單株抗體,包括(但不限於)貝伐單抗。貝伐單抗包括來自阻斷人類VEGF與其受體結合之鼠類抗hVEGF單株抗體A.4.6.1之突變人類IgG1構架區及抗原結合互補判定區。約93%之貝伐單抗胺基酸序列(包括多數構架區)來源於人類IgG1且約7%之序列來源於鼠類抗體A4.6.1。貝伐單抗具有約149,000道爾頓(dalton)之分子質量且經糖基化。貝伐單抗及其他人類化抗VEGF抗體進一步描述於US 6884879中。額外抗VEGF抗體包括如WO 2005/012359之圖27-29中任一者所述之G6或B20系列抗體(例如G6-31,B20-4.1)。在一實施例中,B20系列抗體與包含殘基F17、M18、D19、Y21、Y25、Q89、I91、K101、E103及C104之人類VEGF上之功能性抗原決定基結合。
表現A 4.6.1(ATCC HB 10709)及B 2.6.2(ATCC HB 10710)抗VEGF之融合瘤細胞株已寄存且保存於美國菌種保存中心(ATCC),10801 University Boulevard,Manassas,VA 20110-2209 USA。表現由鑑別為DNA29101-1276之ATCC寄存物之核苷酸序列插入物編碼之VEGF-E多肽的純系(US 6391311)於1998年3月5日寄存且由以ATCC 209653保存於美國菌種保存中心,10801 University Boulevard,Manassas,Va.20110-2209,USA。
5-FU(氟尿嘧啶、5-氟尿嘧啶,CAS登記號51-21-8)為胸苷酸合成酶抑制劑且數十年來已用於治療包括結腸直腸癌及胰腺癌之癌症(US 2802005,US 2885396;Barton等人(1972)Jour.Org.Chem.37:329;
Hansen,R.M.(1991)Cancer Invest.9:637-642)。5-FU名為5-氟-1H-嘧啶-2,4-二酮,且具有以下結構:
卡鉑(CAS登記號41575-94-4)為針對卵巢癌、肺癌、頭頸癌所用之化療性藥物(US 4140707)。卡鉑名為阿紮奈德(azanide)、環丁烷-1,1-二甲酸鉑,且具有以下結構:
拉帕替尼(CAS登記號388082-78-8,TYKERB®,GW572016,Glaxo SmithKline)已經批准與卡培他濱(XELODA®,Roche)組合用於治療患有晚期乳癌或轉移性乳癌之患者,該等患者之腫瘤過度表現HER2(ErbB2)且該等患者已接受包括蒽環黴素(anthracycline)、紫杉烷(taxane)及曲妥珠單抗之先前療法。拉帕替尼為ATP競爭性表皮生長因子(EGFR)及HER2/neu(ErbB-2)雙重酪胺酸激酶抑制劑(US 6727256;US 6713485;US 7109333;US 6933299;US 7084147;US 7157466;US 7141576),其藉由與EGFR/HER2蛋白激酶域之ATP結合袋結合而抑制受體自體磷酸化及活化。拉帕替尼名為N-(3-氯-4-(3-氟苄氧基)苯基)-6-(5-((2-(甲基磺醯基)乙胺基)甲基)呋喃-2-基)喹唑啉-4-胺,且具有以下結構:
ABT-869(Abbott及Genentech)為VEGF及PDGF家族受體酪胺酸激酶之多靶向抑制劑,其用於潛在地經口治療癌症(US 7297709;US 2004/235892;US 2007/104780)。已啟始臨床試驗來治療非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)、肺細胞癌(HCC)及腎細胞癌(RCC)。ABT-869名為1-(4-(3-胺基-1H-吲唑-4-基)苯基)-3-(2-氟-5-甲基苯基)脲(CAS第796967-16-3號),且具有以下結構:
多烯紫杉醇(TAXOTERE®,Sanofi-Aventis)用於治療乳癌、卵巢癌及NSCLC(US 4814470;US 5438072;US 5698582;US 5714512;US 5750561)。多烯紫杉醇名為(2R,3S)-N-羧基-3-苯基異絲胺酸,N-第三丁基酯,13-酯與5,20-環氧基-1,2,4,7,10,13-六羥基紫杉-11-蒽-9-酮4-乙酸鹽2-苯甲酸酯三水合物(US 4814470;EP 253738;CAS登記號114977-28-5),且具有以下結構:
GDC-0941(Genentech Inc.)為具有具前景之藥物代謝動力學及醫藥特性之PI3K之具選擇性、口服生物可用性的噻吩并嘧啶抑制劑(Folkes等人(2008)Jour.of Med.Chem.51(18):5522-5532;US 2008/0076768;US 2008/0207611;Belvin等人,第99屆美國癌症研究
協會2008年會(American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2008,99th):4月15日,Abstract 4004;Folkes等人,第99屆美國癌症研究協會2008年會:4月14日,Abstract LB-146;Friedman等人,第99屆美國癌症研究協會2008年會:4月14日,Abstract LB-110)。GDC-094與針對實體腫瘤細胞株之某些化療劑組合顯示活體外及活體內協同活性(US第12/208,227號;Belvin等人「Combinations Of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitor Compounds And Chemotherapeutic Agents,And Methods Of Use」,2008年9月10日申請)。GDC-0941名為4-(2-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-6-((4-(甲基磺醯基)哌嗪-1-基)甲基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-4-基)嗎啉(CAS登記號957054-30-7),且具有以下結構:
GNE-390(Genentech Inc.)為具有具前景之藥物代謝動力學及醫藥特性之PI3K之具選擇性、具口服生物可用性的噻吩并嘧啶抑制劑(US 2008/0242665;WO 2008/070740)。GNE-390與針對實體腫瘤細胞株之某些化療劑組合顯示活體外及活體內協同活性(US第12/208,227號;Belvin等人「Combinations Of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitor Compounds And Chemotherapeutic Agents,And Methods Of Use」,2008年9月10日申請)。GNE-390名為(S)-1-(4-((2-(2-胺基嘧啶-5-基)-7-甲基-4-嗎啉基噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-6-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-羥基丙-1-酮,且具有以下結構:
對許多經HER2擴增之細胞株使用與不同化療劑或生物靶向劑組合之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)進行活體外細胞培養研究。使用周-特氏法(Chou & Talalay method)分析資料以測定以各藥物之IC50倍數設定的各組合之組合指數(CI)值。小於0.7之CI值表示協同;0.7-1.3之間的CI值表示加和;且大於1.3之CI值表示拮抗。對於與化療劑組合而言,T-DM1與多烯紫杉醇或5-FU組合產生加和或協同抗增殖活性,而與吉西他濱或卡鉑組合無效應或與T-DM1拮抗。小鼠異種移植研究顯示類似結果,其中T-DM1與多烯紫杉醇或5-FU組合與以個別藥劑治療相比使得抗腫瘤功效大大增強。T-DM1與卡鉑組合與單獨任一藥物相比使得功效增強,而T-DM1與吉西他濱組合並不比單獨T-DM1更有效。T-DM1與帕妥珠單抗、拉帕替尼或GDC-0941組合於細胞培養實驗中產生加和或協同抗增殖活性,且與以個別藥劑治療相比使得活體內抗腫瘤功效大大增強。相比之下,未經結合之曲妥珠單抗由於結合HER2上之相同抗原決定基而拮抗T-DM1之活性。使用T-DM1與抗血管生成劑(諸如抗體B20-4.1)或小分子抑制劑ABT-869之組合的活體內研究除與B20-4.1一起給與之最高劑量T-DM1(10mg/kg或15mg/kg)外,所測試之所有組合皆使得抗腫瘤功效增強。
藉由於HER2過度表現乳房腫瘤細胞中量測活體外抗增殖活性且於乳癌異種移植模型中量測活體內抗腫瘤功效來研究曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)與眾多抗癌藥物的組合。在此等研究中,將曲妥
珠單抗-MCC-DM1添加至細胞毒性化療劑、抗體或小分子激酶抑制劑中。
抗VEGF鼠類抗體B20-4.1(Liang等人(2006)Jour.Biol.Chem.281:951-961)、貝伐單抗代用品及曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1之組合在乳癌小鼠異種移植模型中產生比單獨B20-4.1更高之抗腫瘤活性。此等研究之結果提供包括與不同抗腫瘤療法組合之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1之治療方案在HER2陽性乳癌中之協同效應的預示性基礎及未來臨床評估的理論基礎。
以HER2靶向劑之組合觀測到協同藥效,該等組合為諸如曲妥珠單抗-DM1加拉帕替尼或與HER2抗體帕妥珠單抗組合之曲妥珠單抗-DM1(HER2二聚化抑制劑)。
曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與卡鉑或5-FU組合與以單獨個別藥劑治療相比顯示活性增強,而與吉西他濱組合治療不使抗腫瘤活性增加。
以GDC-0941(p110同功異型物之小分子激酶pan抑制劑)(WO 2007/129161)阻斷PI3激酶路徑使曲妥珠單抗-DM1之活性增強。
T-DM1與PI3K抑制劑GDC-0941組合在具有突變PI3K之經HER2擴增之乳癌細胞株中增強以下者之抗腫瘤活性:BT-474(K111N)、MDA-361.1(E545K)及KPL4(H1047R)。活體外組合治療使得細胞增殖受加和或協同抑制以及細胞凋亡增加。類似地,在MDA-MB-361.1及經F05 HER2擴增之異種移植模型中,與單劑活性相比以組合藥物治療使活體內功效增加。對各劑之生物標誌的生化分析顯示由T-DM1與GDC-0941抑制磷酸基-Akt及磷酸基-ERK使GDC-0941所引起之Rb及PRAS40磷酸化減少且使以T-DM1治療之後有絲分裂標誌磷酸基-組蛋白H3及細胞週期蛋白B1之含量增加。另外,T-DM1治療如23kDa RARP裂解片段之外觀所測定在此等乳癌模型中引起細胞凋亡,使得Bcl-XL含量降低以及卡斯蛋白酶3及7活化。向T-DM1中添加GDC-
0941使誘發細胞凋亡進一步增強。此等研究提供於經HER2擴增之乳癌中使用合理藥物組合之證據且向疾病在基於曲妥珠單抗或拉帕替尼之療法上有進展之患者提供額外治療方法。
曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與化療劑之組合的活體外效能係由實例2之細胞增殖檢定(CellTiter-Glo®發光細胞生存力檢定,可購自Promega Corp.,Madison,WI)來量測。此勻相檢定法係基於鞘翅目(Coleoptera)螢光素酶之重組表現(US 5583024;US 5674713;US 5700670)且該檢定法基於對所存在之ATP(代謝活性細胞之指示物)的定量來測定培養物中之活細胞數(Crouch等人(1993)J.Immunol.Meth.160:81-88;US 6602677)。以96孔或384孔格局進行CellTiter-Glo®檢定,使其經受自動化高通量篩選(HTS)(Cree等人(1995)AntiCancer Drugs 6:398-404)。勻相檢定程序涉及直接向於補充有血清之培養基中培養之細胞中添加單一試劑(CellTiter-Glo®試劑)。不需要細胞洗滌、培養基移除及多次移液步驟。在添加試劑且混合後10分鐘內,該系統在384孔格局中偵測到少至15個細胞/孔。
勻相「添加-混合-量測」格局使得細胞溶解且產生與所存在之ATP量成比例的發光信號。ATP之量與培養物中所存在之細胞數成正比。CellTiter-Glo®檢定產生螢光素酶反應所產生之「輝光型(glow-type)」發光信號,其視所用細胞類型及培養基而定具有一般大於五小時之半衰期。活細胞係以相對發光單位(RLU)反映。受質甲蟲螢光素由重組螢火蟲螢光素酶氧化脫接,伴隨ATP轉化為AMP且產生光子。延長之半衰期消除使用試劑注射器的需要且提供連續或分批模式處理多個盤之靈活性。此細胞增殖檢定可以各種多孔格局(例如96孔或384孔格局)使用。可由光度計或CCD相機成像裝置來記錄資料。發光輸出係以隨時間量測之相對發光單位(RLU)呈現。
在圖1-9及圖18-33中,由CellTiter-Glo®檢定(實例2)針對腫瘤細胞株來量測曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及與化療劑之組合的抗增殖效應。
例示性實施例包括測定有待以組合形式用於治療癌症之化合物的方法,其包含:a)將曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)與化療劑之治療組合投與活體外腫瘤細胞株,及b)量測協同或非協同效應。大於1.3之組合指數(CI)值表示拮抗;0.7-1.3之間的CI值表示加和;且小於0.7之CI值表示協同藥物相互作用。
圖1展示在曲妥珠單抗敏感性SK-BR-3細胞中呈個別IC50值之倍數之各種濃度的曲妥珠單抗與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)之組合(表1)的拮抗效應。相對於IC50倍數值繪製活細胞數。各組合之IC10至IC90之組合指數(CI)大於2,表示活體外拮抗。然而,T-DM1+曲妥珠單抗之組合活體內不顯示拮抗效應。
圖2展示在曲妥珠單抗耐受性BT-474 EEI細胞中呈個別IC50值之倍數之各種濃度的曲妥珠單抗與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)之組合(表2)的拮抗效應。相對於IC50倍數值繪製活細胞數。各組合之IC10至IC90之組合指數(CI)大於2,表示拮抗。
圖3展示在MDA-MB-175細胞中呈個別IC50值之倍數之各種濃度的帕妥珠單抗與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)之組合(表3)的協同效應。相對於IC50倍數值繪製活細胞數。各組合之IC10至IC90之組合指數(CI)低於1,平均CI=0.387,表示協同(表3)。
圖3a展示5天MDA-MB-175活體外細胞生存力對帕妥珠單抗、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及帕妥珠單抗與T-DM1組合之IC50倍數濃度的曲線。相對於IC50倍數值繪製活細胞數。各組合之IC10至IC90之組合指數(CI)低於1,平均CI=0.096,表示協同(表3a)。
圖4展示5天BT-474活體外細胞生存力對各種固定劑量之帕妥珠單抗與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)劑量反應之組合及各種劑量之單獨T-DM1的曲線。圖4展示固定劑量之T-DM1與各種劑量之帕妥珠單抗之組合的效應。將帕妥珠單抗添加至T-DM1中產生稍高於單獨T-DM1之抗增殖活性。
圖5展示5天BT-474活體外細胞生存力對各種固定劑量之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)與帕妥珠單抗劑量反應之組合及各種劑量之單獨帕妥珠單抗的曲線。圖5展示固定劑量之帕妥珠單抗與各種劑量之T-DM1之組合對BT-474細胞增殖的效應。將T-DM1添加至帕妥珠單抗中增強單獨帕妥珠單抗之效應。
圖6展示在BT-474細胞中呈個別IC50值之倍數之各種濃度下的帕妥珠單抗與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)之組合(表4)的協同效應。相對於IC50倍數值繪製活細胞數。IC10至IC90之組合指數(CI)值在0.198至1.328之範圍內。此範圍之平均CI=0.658,表示協同。
圖7展示3天SK-BR-3活體外細胞生存力對變化劑量之T-DM1與固定劑量之拉帕替尼(4.5nM、14nM、41nM、123nM)之組合及變化劑量之單獨T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的曲線。將拉帕替尼添加至T-DM1中產生稍高於單獨T-DM1之抗增殖活性。
圖7a展示如表7a所示3天SK-BR-3活體外細胞生存力對T-DM1、拉帕替尼及T-DM1與拉帕替尼之固定劑量比組合的曲線。IC10與IC90之間的平均CI值=0.793,表示加和。
圖8a展示如表8a所示3天BT-474活體外細胞生存力對T-DM1、拉帕替尼及T-DM1與拉帕替尼之固定劑量比組合的曲線。IC10與IC90之間的平均CI值=0.403,表示協同。
圖8展示3天BT-474活體外細胞生存力對變化劑量之T-DM1與固定劑量之拉帕替尼(1.5nM、4.5nM、14nM、41nM、123nM)之組合及變化劑量之單獨T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的曲線。將拉帕替尼添加至T-DM1中產生高於單獨任一藥物之抗增殖活性。
圖9展示3天BT-474-EEI活體外細胞生存力對變化劑量之T-DM1與固定劑量之拉帕替尼(14nM、41nM、123nM、370nM、1111nM)之組合及變化劑量之單獨T-DM1(0-1000ng/ml)的曲線。將拉帕替尼添加至T-DM1中產生高於單獨任一藥物之抗增殖活性。
圖18展示3天SK-BR-3活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之5-FU、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及5-FU與T-DM1之固定劑量比組合(表18)的曲線。5-FU與T-DM1之組合對SK-BR-3細胞起加和效應,其中IC10與IC90之間的平均CI=0.952。
圖19展示3天BT-474活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之5-FU、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及5-FU與T-DM1之固定劑量比組合(表19)的曲線。5-FU與T-DM1之組合對BT-474細胞起協同效應,其中平均CI值=0.623。
圖20展示3天SK-BR-3活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之吉西他濱、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及吉西他濱與T-DM1之固定劑量比組合(表20)的曲線。吉西他濱與T-DM1組合在所測試之所有組合中產生拮抗藥物相互作用,其中CI值>1.3。
圖21展示3天MDA-MD-361活體外細胞生存力對IC50倍數濃度之吉西他濱、曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)及吉西他濱與T-DM1之固定劑量比組合(表21)的曲線。藥物組合產生拮抗效應,其中平均CI=1.706。
圖22展示在以0.25×至4×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1(6.25至100ng/ml)與GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)之固定劑量比組合治療之後3天KPL4活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。表22展示以經計算之CI值及1.111之平均CI,在10-90%抑制範圍內之效應。
在圖22中布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製。布利斯獨立曲線展示來自兩種單一化合物之組合的經計算加和反應。
圖23展示在以0.0625×至16×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1(1.25至80ng/ml)與GDC-0941(31.25nM至2μM)之固定劑量比組合治療之後3天KPL4活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製。表23展示以經計算之CI值及0.802之平均CI,在10-90%抑制範圍內之效應。T-DM1與GDC-0941之組合在KPL4細胞株中起加和效應。
圖24展示在以0至16×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、PI103、GDC-0941及T-DM1+PI103及T-DM1+GDC-0941之固定劑量比組合治療之後經Her2擴增、HERCEPTIN®耐受性、PIK3CA(H1047R)突變之KPL-4細胞活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。表24展示組合指數值。
PI3K選擇性抑制劑PI103(Hayakawa等人(2007)Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.17:2438-2442;Raynaud等人(2007)Cancer Res.67:5840-5850;Fan等人(2006)Cancer Cell 9:341-349;US 6608053)具有以下結構:
圖25展示在以T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1與GDC-0941之固定劑量比組合治療之後24小時KPL4卡斯蛋白酶3/7活體外細胞凋亡(漸進式細胞死亡)的曲線。T-DM1與GDC-0941之組合與單獨任一藥劑相比使得細胞凋亡大大增強。
圖26展示在以T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1與GDC-0941之固定劑量比組合治療之後3天KPL4活體外細胞凋亡(漸進式細胞死亡)的曲線。T-DM1與GDC-0941之組合與單獨任一藥劑相比使得細胞凋亡大大增強。
圖27展示在以0.125×至8×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1(3.125至50ng/ml)與GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)之固定劑量比組合治療之後3天MDA-MB-361活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製。表27展示以經計算之CI值及0.888之平均CI,在10-90%抑制範圍內之效應。T-DM1與GDC-0941組合在MDA-MB-361細胞中產生加和抗增殖活性,其中平均CI=0.889。
圖28展示在以0.125×至8×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941及
T-DM1(3.125至100ng/ml)與GDC-0941(62.5nM至2μM)之固定劑量比組合治療之後3天MDA-MB-361活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製。表28展示以經計算之CI值及0.813之平均CI,在10-90%抑制範圍內之效應。T-DM1與GDC-0941組合在MDA-MB-361細胞中產生加和抗增殖活性,其中平均CI=0.813。
圖29展示在以0.125×至4×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1(3.125至100ng/ml)與GDC-0941(31.25nM至1μM)之固定劑量比組合治療之後3天BT-474活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製。表29展示以經計算之CI值及1.2122之平均CI,在10-90%抑制範圍內之效應。使用此等劑量比之GDC-0941與T-DM1對BT-474不具有組合效應。
圖30展示在以0.25×至4×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、GDC-0941及T-DM1(6.25至100ng/ml)與GDC-0941(62.5nM至1μM)之固定劑量比組合治療之後3天BT-474活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。布利斯加和預測係以虛線繪製。表30展示以經計算之CI值及0.997之平均CI(表示加和),在10-90%抑制範圍內之效應。
圖31展示在以0至16×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、PI103、GDC-0941及T-DM1+PI103與T-DM1+GDC-0941之組合治療之後經Her2擴增、非PI3K突變之AU565細胞活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。表31展示組合指數值。
圖32展示在以0至16×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、PI103、GDC-0941及T-DM1+PI103與T-DM1+GDC-0941之固定劑量組合治療之後經Her2擴增、PIK3CA(C420R)突變之EFM192A細胞活體外細胞生存力
(增殖)的曲線。表32展示組合指數值。
圖33展示在以0至16×之IC50倍數濃度的T-DM1、PI103、GDC-0941及T-DM1+PI103及T-DM1+GDC-0941之固定劑量比組合治療之後經Her2擴增、HERCEPTIN®耐受性、PIK3CA(H1047R)突變之HCC1954細胞活體外細胞生存力(增殖)的曲線。表33展示組合指數值。
本發明組合之功效可藉由將癌細胞之同種異體移植物或異種移植物植入齧齒動物體內且以該等組合治療腫瘤來活體內量測。視細胞株、腫瘤細胞中某些突變存在與否、投與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及化療劑之順序、給藥方案及其他因素而定,預期可變結果。以藥物或對
照物(媒劑)治療受檢小鼠且經數週或更長時間對其監控以量測腫瘤倍增時間、對數細胞殺死及腫瘤抑制(實例3)。圖10-17及圖34-37展示曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與化療劑之組合抑制小鼠之異種移植腫瘤的功效。
圖10展示在給與以下者之後,接種至SCID米色小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之KPL-4腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)ADC緩衝劑,(2)帕妥珠單抗15mg/kg,(3)T-DM1 0.3mg/kg,(4)T-DM1 1mg/kg,(5)T-DM1 3mg/kg,(6)帕妥珠單抗15mg/kg+T-DM1 0.3mg,(7)帕妥珠單抗15mg/kg+T-DM1 1mg/kg,(8)帕妥珠單抗15mg/kg+T-DM1 3mg/kg。給與ADC緩衝劑(1)之動物產生0個PR及0個CR。給與15mg/kg之帕妥珠單抗(2)之動物產生0個PR及0個CR。給與單獨0.3mg/kg之T-DM1(3)之動物產生0個PR及0個CR。給與單獨1mg/kg之T-DM1(4)之動物產生1個PR及0個CR。給與單獨3mg/kg之T-DM1(5)之動物產生7個PR及0個CR。給與15mg/kg帕妥珠單抗與0.3mg/kg T-DM1之組合(6)之動物產生5個PR及0個CR。給與15mg/kg帕妥珠單抗與1mg/kg T-DM1之組合(7)之動物產生8個PR及0個CR。給與15mg/kg帕妥珠單抗與3mg/kg T-DM1之組合(8)之動物產生8個PR及0個CR。帕妥珠單抗與T-DM1之組合在KPL4異種移植物中產生比單獨任一藥劑更大之抗腫瘤活性。
圖11展示在給與以下者之後,接種至SCID米色小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之KPL-4腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)ADC緩衝劑,(2)5-FU 100mg/kg,(3)帕妥珠單抗40mg/kg,(4)B20-4.1 5mg/kg,(5)T-DM1 5mg/kg,(6)5-FU 100mg/kg+T-DM1 5mg,(7)帕妥珠單抗40mg/kg+T-DM1 5mg/kg,(8),B20-4.1 5mg/kg+T-DM1 5mg/kg,(9)B20-4.1 5mg/kg+帕妥珠單抗40mg/kg。在研究結束時,對體積小於50mm3之所有剩餘腫瘤進行組織學評估且確定單劑(5)T-
DM1 5mg/kg中之8個樣本、組合組(6)5-FU 100mg/kg+T-DM1 5mg中之5個樣本及組合組(7)帕妥珠單抗40mg/kg+T-DM1 5mg/kg中之8個樣本無活腫瘤細胞跡象。
圖12展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-HER2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑(ADC緩衝劑),(2)B20-4.1 5mg/kg,(3)T-DM1 3mg/kg,(4)T-DM1 5mg/kg,(5)T-DM1 10mg/kg,(6)B20-4.1 5mg/kg+T-DM1 3mg/kg,(7)B20-4.1 5mg/kg+T-DM1 5mg/kg,(8)B20-4.1 5mg/kg+T-DM1 10mg/kg。T-DM1與B20-4.1之組合以3mg/kg及5mg/kg而非10mg/kg之T-DM1使得腫瘤生長抑制增強。
圖13展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-HER2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑(ADC緩衝劑)(2)T-DM1 10mg/kg,(3)5-FU 100mg/kg,(4)吉西他濱120mg/kg,(5)卡鉑100mg/kg,(6)5-FU 100mg/kg+T-DM1 10mg/kg,(7)吉西他濱120mg/kg+T-DM1 10mg/kg,(8)卡鉑100mg/kg+T-DM1 10mg/kg。T-DM1與5-FU、卡鉑或吉西他濱組合與單劑治療相比使得抗腫瘤功效增強。
圖14展示在給與以下者之後,接種至哈蘭(Harlan)無胸腺裸小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤異種移植物之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑(PBS緩衝劑),靜脈內,每週一次×4;(2)拉帕替尼,101mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(3)帕妥珠單抗,40mg/kg,靜脈內,每週一次×4;(4)B20-4.1,5mg/kg,腹膜內,每週兩次×4;(5)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次至結束;(6)拉帕替尼,101mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21+T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次至結束;(7)帕妥珠單抗,40mg/kg,靜脈內,每週一次×4+T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次至結
束;(8)B20-4.1,5mg/kg,腹膜內,每週兩次×4+T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次至結束。
15mg/kg劑量之單劑T-DM1(5)與15mg/kg T-DM1與5mg/kg B20-4.1之組合(8)無顯著不同。在此研究中拉帕替尼及帕妥珠單抗與媒劑無不同。B20-4.1顯示與媒劑相比有功效增加之傾向。T-DM1以單劑形式有效(p<0.01)。T-DM1與拉帕替尼之組合顯著優於單獨拉帕替尼(p<0.01),但與單獨T-DM1無不同。T-DM1與帕妥珠單抗之組合顯著優於單獨帕妥珠單抗(p<0.01),但與單獨T-DM1無不同。T-DM1與B20-4.1之組合顯著優於單獨B20-4.1(p<0.01),但與單獨T-DM1無不同。
圖15展示在給與以下者之後,接種至哈蘭無胸腺裸小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤異種移植物之平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的活體內功效曲線:(1)媒劑(PBS緩衝劑),經口,每天兩次×21;(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1;(4)ABT-869,5mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(5)ABT-869,15mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(6)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1+ABT-869,5mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(7)T-DM1 7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1+ABT-869,15mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(8)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1+ABT-869,5mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(9)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次×1+ABT-869,15mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21。
T-DM1與5mg/kg ABT-869之組合(8)顯示兩個部分反應,且不比單劑5mg/kg ABT-869(4)更顯著有效。T-DM1與15mg/kg ABT-869之組合(9)比單劑15mg/kg ABT-869(5)稍有效。以5mg/kg給與之ABT-869達終點時間時顯著優於媒劑(p<0.01),但達腫瘤倍增時間時與媒劑
無不同。以15mg/kg給與之ABT-869及以7.5mg/kg或15mg/kg給與之T-DM1達腫瘤倍增時間與達腫瘤終點時間時均顯著優於媒劑(p<0.01)。7.5mg/kg T-DM1與5mg/kg ABT-869之組合與單劑7.5mg/kg T-DM1無不同。與單劑5mg/kg ABT-869相比,7.5mg/kg T-DM1+5mg/kg ABT-869之組合達腫瘤倍增時間時顯著較佳(p<0.01),但達終點時間時無不同。7.5mg/kg T-DM1與15mg/kg ABT-869之組合顯著優於任一單劑(p<0.01)。15mg/kg T-DM1+5mg/kg ABT-869之組合與15mg/kg T-DM1單劑無不同。與5mg/kg ABT-869單劑相比,15mg/kg T-DM1與5mg/kg ABT-869之組合達終點時間時無不同,但達腫瘤倍增時間時顯著不同(p<0.01)。15mg/kg T-DM1+15mg/kg ABT-869之組合達腫瘤倍增時間時顯著優於單獨15mg/kg ABT-869且優於單獨15mg/kg T-DM1(p<0.01)。15mg/kg T-DM1及15mg/kg T-DM1+15mg/kg ABT-869之終點時間無不同。
圖16展示在給與以下者之後,接種至哈蘭無胸腺裸小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤異種移植物之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑,靜脈內,每週一次×3;(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2;(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2;(4)多烯紫杉醇,30mg/kg,靜脈內,每週一次×3;(5)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2+多烯紫杉醇,30mg/kg,靜脈內,每週一次×3;(6)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2+多烯紫杉醇,30mg/kg,靜脈內,每週一次×3。
給與單獨15mg/kg T-DM1(3)之動物產生6個部分反應(PR)及1個完全反應(CR)。給與單獨30mg/kg多烯紫杉醇(4)之動物產生2個PR。給與7.5mg/kg T-DM1與30mg/kg多烯紫杉醇之組合(5)之動物產生10個PR。給與15mg/kg T-DM1與30mg/kg多烯紫杉醇之組合(6)之動物顯示具有7個PR及3個CR之劑量反應。所有單劑組顯著不同於媒劑組
(p<0.01)。7.5mg/kg T-DM1+多烯紫杉醇之組合達腫瘤倍增時間與達終點時間時均顯著優於任一單劑(p<0.01)。在7.5mg/kg T-DM1組中不存在客觀反應且在多烯紫杉醇單劑組中不存在2個部分反應(PR)。7.5mg/kg T-DM1與多烯紫杉醇之組合產生9個PR及1個完全反應(CR)。15mg/kg T-DM1+多烯紫杉醇之組合達腫瘤倍增時間及終點時間時顯著優於任一單劑(p<0.01)。單劑15mg/kg T-DM1治療產生5個PR及2個CR。15mg/kg T-DM1+多烯紫杉醇之組合使客觀反應率增至7個PR及3個CR。此組合組中之所有小鼠皆對治療具有客觀反應。
圖17展示在給與以下者之後,接種至哈蘭無胸腺裸小鼠乳腺脂肪墊中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤異種移植物之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑,經口,每天一次×21;(2)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2;(3)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2;(4)拉帕替尼,100mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(5)T-DM1,7.5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2+拉帕替尼,100mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(6)T-DM1,15mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次×2+拉帕替尼,100mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21。
給與單獨15mg/kg T-DM1(3)之動物產生6個部分反應(PR)及3個完全反應(CR)。給與7.5mg/kg T-DM1與100mg/kg拉帕替尼之組合(5)之動物產生4個PR及5個CR。給與15mg/kg T-DM1與100mg/kg拉帕替尼之組合(6)之動物顯示具有8個CR之劑量反應。所有單劑組達腫瘤倍增時間與達終點時間時均顯著不同於媒劑(p<0.01)。以7.5mg/kg給與之T-DM1與拉帕替尼組合顯著優於呈單劑形式之拉帕替尼或7.5mg/kg T-DM1(p<0.01)。以15mg/kg給與之T-DM1與拉帕替尼組合顯著優於拉帕替尼單劑(p<0.01)。此組合與以單劑形式給與之15mg/kg T-DM1無不同。
腫瘤倍增時間係藉由卡本-麥爾統計分析(Kaplan-Meier statistical
analysis)以2×Vo來量測。腫瘤倍增時間及存活分析係由對數秩p值(Log-rank-p value)量化。進程時間係以腫瘤體積達到1000mm3之經過時間來量測,或若未達到1000mm3腫瘤體積,則以存活時間來量測。T-DM1與拉帕替尼組合與單劑治療相比使得抗腫瘤功效大大增強。
圖34展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑,經口,每天一次×21;(2)T-DM1,10mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次;(3)5-FU,100mg/kg,經口,每週一次×2;(4)T-DM1,5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次+5-FU,100mg/kg,經口,每週一次×2。給與媒劑之動物產生0個部分反應(PR)及0個完整反應(CR)。給與T-DM1之動物產生1個PR及0個CR。給與5-FU之動物產生0個PR及0個CR。給與T-DM1與5-FU之組合之動物在42天時間點產生3個PR及0個CR。以T-DM1與5-FU治療與單獨任一藥劑相比使得抗腫瘤活性增強。
圖35展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠中之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑,經口,每天一次×21;(2)T-DM1,5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次;(3)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(4)GDC-0152,50mg/kg,經口,每週一次×2;(5)T-DM1,5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次+GDC-0941,100mg/kg,經口,每天兩次×21;(6)T-DM1,5mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次+GDC-0152,50mg/kg,經口,每週一次×2。以T-DM1與GDC-0941治療與單劑治療相比使得抗腫瘤活性增強,而T-DM1與GDC-0152之組合不比單獨T-DM1更有效。
GDC-0152為卡斯蛋白酶抑制劑,其為細胞凋亡蛋白之抑制劑(Call等人(2008)The Lancet Oncology,9(10):1002-1011;Deveraux等人
(1999)J Clin Immunol 19:388-398)。
圖36展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠中之MDA-MB-361.1乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑,經口,每天一次×21;(2)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(3)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(4)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(5)T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次;(6)T-DM1,10mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次;(7)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次;(8)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次;(9)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次;(10)GDC-0941,25mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次;(11)GDC-0941,50mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次;(12)GDC-0941,100mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,10mg/kg,靜脈內,每三週一次。
給與媒劑(1)之動物產生0個部分反應(PR)及0個完全反應(CR)。給與單獨25mg/kg GDC-0941(2)之動物產生0個PR及0個CR。給與單獨50mg/kg GDC-0941(3)之動物產生1個PR及0個CR。給與單獨100mg/kg GDC-0941(4)之動物產生0個PR及0個CR。給與單獨3mg/kg T-DM1(5)之動物產生1個(PR)及1個(CR)。給與單獨之10mg/kg T-DM1(6)之動物產生8個(PR)及1個(CR)。給與3mg/kg T-DM1與25mg/kg GDC-0941之組合(7)之動物產生5個PR及0個CR。給與3mg/kg T-DM1與50mg/kg GDC-0941之組合(8)之動物產生3個PR及0個CR。給與3mg/kg T-DM1與100mg/kg GDC-0941之組合(9)之動物產生3個PR及1個CR。給與10mg/kg T-DM1與50mg/kg GDC-0941之組合(10)之動
物產生9個PR及0個CR。給與10mg/kg T-DM1與50mg/kg GDC-0941之組合(11)之動物產生7個PR及2個CR。給與10mg/kg T-DM1與100mg/kg GDC-1941之組合(12)之動物產生9個PR及1個CR。
圖37展示在給與以下者之後,接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠中之MDA-MB-361.1乳腺腫瘤之活體內平均腫瘤體積隨時間變化的曲線:(1)媒劑[MCT(0.5%甲基纖維素/0.2% TWEEN 80)+丁二酸鹽緩衝劑(100mM丁二酸鈉,100mg/ml海藻糖,0.1% TWEEN 80,pH 5.0)],經口+靜脈內,每天一次×21與每天一次;(2)GNE-390,1.0mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(3)GNE-390,2.5mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21;(4)T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次;(5)GNE-390,1.0mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次;(6)GNE-390,2.5mg/kg,經口,每天一次×21+T-DM1,3mg/kg,靜脈內,每天一次。
給與媒劑(1)之動物產生0個部分反應(PR)及0個完全反應(CR)。給與單獨1.0mg/kg GNE-390(2)之動物產生0個PR及0個CR。給與單獨2.5mg/kg GNE-390(3)之動物產生1個PR及0個CR。給與單獨3mg/kg T-DM1(5)之動物產生1個(PR)及1個(CR)。給與單獨3mg/kg T-DM1(4)之動物產生0個PR及0個CR。給與3mg/kg T-DM1與25mg/kg GNE-390之組合(5)之動物產生3個PR及0個CR。給與3mg/kg T-DM1與2.5mg/kg GNE-390之組合(6)之動物產生5個PR及1個CR。在MDA-MB-361.1乳癌異種移植模型中,GNE-390與T-DM1之組合與單獨GNE-390或T-DM1相比顯著增加部分及完全抗腫瘤反應數。
本發明之醫藥組合物或調配物包括曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1、化療劑與一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑、助流劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑之組合。
本發明之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及化療劑可以非溶劑化形式以及與醫藥學上可接受之溶劑(諸如水、乙醇及其類似溶劑)所形成之溶劑化形式存在,且希望本發明涵蓋溶劑化形式與非溶劑化形式。
本發明之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及化療劑亦可以不同互變異構形式存在且所有該等形式皆涵蓋於本發明之範疇內。術語「互變異構體」或「互變異構形式」係指可經由低能量障壁相互轉化之具有不同能量的結構異構體。舉例而言,質子互變異構體(亦稱為質子轉移互變異構體)包括經由質子遷移而相互轉化,諸如酮-烯醇及亞胺-烯胺異構化。價鍵互變異構體包括藉由一些鍵結電子重組而相互轉化。
醫藥組合物涵蓋包含以下者之散裝組合物與個別劑量單位:一種以上(例如兩種)醫藥活性劑,包括曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及選自本文所述之額外藥劑清單的化療劑;以及任何醫藥學上非活性之賦形劑、稀釋劑、載劑或助流劑。散裝組合物及各個別劑量單位可含有固定量之上述醫藥活性劑。散裝組合物為尚未形成個別劑量單位之物質。說明性劑量單位為口服劑量單位,諸如錠劑、丸劑、膠囊及其類似物。類似地,本文所述之藉由投與本發明之醫藥組合物來治療患者之方法亦意欲涵蓋投與散裝組合物及個別劑量單位。
醫藥組合物亦涵蓋經同位素標記之本發明化合物,該等經同位素標記之化合物與本文所述之彼等化合物相同,但其一或多個原子經具有與自然界中通常所見之原子質量或質量數不同之原子質量或質量數的原子置換。如所指定之任何特定原子或元素之所有同位素皆涵蓋於本發明化合物及其用途之範疇內。可併入本發明化合物中之例示性同位素包括氫、碳、氮、氧、磷、硫、氟、氯及碘之同位素,諸如2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、13N、15N、15O、17O、18O、32P、33P、35S、18F、36Cl、123I及125I。某些經同位素標記之本發明化合物(例如經3H及14C標記之彼等化合物)適用於化合物及/或受質組織分布檢定。氚(3H)
及碳-14(14C)同位素因其製備簡易性及可偵測性而適用。另外,經較重同位素(諸如氘(2H))取代可因較高代謝穩定性而提供某些治療優勢(例如,活體內半衰期增加或劑量需求減少),且因此在一些情況下可為較佳的。諸如15O、13N、11C及18F之正電子發射同位素適用於正電子發射斷層攝影法(PET)研究以檢查受質受體佔有率。經同位素標記之本發明化合物一般可藉由遵循與下文流程及/或實例中所揭示之彼等程序類似之程序,藉由用經同位素標記之試劑取代未經同位素標記之試劑來製備。
曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及化療劑可根據標準醫藥規範調配以供以治療組合形式使用來治療性治療(包括預防性治療)包括人類之哺乳動物之過度增生性病症。本發明提供包含曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1以及一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑、助流劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑之醫藥組合物。
合適之載劑、稀釋劑及賦形劑為熟習此項技術者所熟知且包括諸如碳水化合物、蠟、水溶性及/或可膨脹聚合物、親水性或疏水性物質、明膠、油、溶劑、水及其類似物之物質。所使用之特定載劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑將視施用本發明化合物之方式及目的而定。溶劑一般係基於熟習此項技術者認為投與哺乳動物安全(GRAS)之溶劑來選擇。一般而言,安全溶劑為無毒水性溶劑,諸如水及可溶於水或可與水混溶之其他無毒溶劑。合適之水性溶劑包括水、乙醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇(例如PEG 400、PEG 300)等及其混合物。調配物亦可包括一或多種緩衝劑、穩定劑、界面活性劑、濕潤劑、潤滑劑、乳化劑、懸浮劑、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、蔽光劑、助流劑、加工助劑、著色劑、甜味劑、芳香劑、調味劑及其他已知添加劑以提供藥物(亦即,本發明化合物或其醫藥組合物)之精緻呈現或幫助製造醫藥產品(亦即,藥劑)。
調配物可使用習知溶解及混合程序來製備。舉例而言,在上文
所述賦形劑中之一或多者存在下,將散裝藥物物質(亦即,本發明之化合物或穩定形式之化合物(例如,與環糊精衍生物或其他已知複合劑之複合物))溶解於合適溶劑中。通常將本發明之化合物調配成醫藥劑型以提供可易於控制之藥物劑量且使患者能夠順應指定方案。
視投與藥物所用之方法而定,可以多種方式封裝醫藥組合物(或調配物)以供施用。一般而言,供分配用之物品包括其中存放有適當形式之醫藥調配物之容器。合適容器為熟習此項技術者所熟知且包括諸如瓶(塑膠及玻璃)、藥囊、安瓿、塑膠袋、金屬筒及其類似物之材料。容器亦可包括防干擾裝配以防止輕易獲取封裝之內含物。另外,容器上附有描述容器內含物之標籤。該標籤亦可包括適當警告。
可製備本發明化合物之醫藥調配物用於以凍乾調配物、磨碎粉末或水溶液之形式與醫藥學上可接受之稀釋劑、載劑、賦形劑或穩定劑一起以各種途徑及類型投與(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(1995)第18版,Mack Publ.Co.,Easton,PA)。調配可藉由在周圍溫度下以適當pH值且以所要純度與生理上可接受之載劑(亦即,以所用劑量及濃度對接受者無毒之載劑)混合來進行。調配物之pH值主要視化合物之特定用途及濃度而定,但可在約3至約8之範圍內。
醫藥調配物較佳無菌。詳言之,有待用於活體內投藥之調配物必須無菌。該滅菌易於藉由經無菌過濾膜過濾來實現。
醫藥調配物通常可以固體組合物(凍乾調配物)形式或以水溶液形式儲存。
本發明之醫藥調配物將以某一方式(亦即,投藥之量、濃度、時程、過程、媒劑及途徑符合優良醫學規範)來給與及投與。在此情形中所考慮之因素包括治療中之特定病症、治療中之特定哺乳動物、個別患者之臨床病狀、病症之病因、藥劑傳遞之部位、投藥方法、投藥時程及從業醫師所知之其他因素。待投與之化合物之「治療有效量」
將受該等考慮因素控制,且為預防、改善或治療凝血因子介導性病症所必需之最低量。該量較佳低於對宿主有毒或致使宿主顯著更易出血之量。
作為一般建議,每劑所投與之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1之初始醫藥有效量將在約0.01-100mg/kg之範圍內,亦即,約0.1至20毫克/公斤患者體重/天,其中所用化合物之典型初始範圍為0.3至15毫克/公斤/天。
可接受之稀釋劑、載劑、賦形劑及穩定劑以所用劑量及濃度對接受者無毒,且包括緩衝劑,諸如磷酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽及其他有機酸;抗氧化劑,包括抗壞血酸及甲硫胺酸;防腐劑(諸如氯化十八烷基二甲基苄基銨、氯化六烴季銨、氯化苯甲烴銨、苄索氯銨;苯酚、丁醇或苄醇;對羥基苯甲酸烷酯,諸如對羥基苯甲酸甲酯或對羥基苯甲酸丙酯;兒茶酚;間苯二酚;環己醇;3-戊醇;及間甲酚);低分子量(小於約10個殘基)多肽;蛋白質,諸如血清白蛋白、明膠或免疫球蛋白;親水性聚合物,諸如聚乙烯吡咯啶酮;胺基酸,諸如甘胺酸、麩醯胺酸、天冬醯胺酸、組胺酸、精胺酸或離胺酸;單醣、雙醣及其他碳水化合物,包括葡萄糖、甘露糖或糊精;螯合劑,諸如EDTA;糖,諸如蔗糖、甘露糖醇、海藻糖或山梨糖醇;成鹽平衡離子,諸如鈉離子;金屬錯合物(例如Zn-蛋白質錯合物);及/或非離子界面活性劑,諸如TWEENTM(包括Tween 80)、PLURONICSTM或聚乙二醇(PEG)(包括PEG400)。亦可將活性藥物成份截留於(例如)藉由凝聚技術或藉由界面聚合製造之微囊(分別為例如羥甲基纖維素或明膠微囊及聚(甲基丙稀酸甲酯)微囊)中、膠狀藥物傳遞系統(例如脂質體、白蛋白微球體、微乳液、奈米粒子及奈米膠囊)中或巨乳液中。該等技術揭示於Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences第18版,(1995)Mack Publ.Co.,Easton,PA中。
醫藥調配物包括彼等適用於本文詳述之投藥途徑的醫藥調配物。調配物可便利地以單位劑型呈現且可由製藥學技術中所熟知之方法中之任一者來製備。技術及調配一般見於Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences第18版(1995)Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA中。該等方法包括使活性成份與構成一或多種配合成份之載劑締合之步驟。一般而言,調配物係藉由使活性成份與液體載劑或細粉狀固體載劑或兩者均勻且精細地締合且接著(必要時)使產物成形來製備。
適用於經口投與之化療劑之調配物可以各含有預定量之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1化合物及/或化療劑之離散單位形式來製備,該等離散單位為諸如丸劑、硬或軟膠囊(例如明膠膠囊)、扁膠劑、口含錠、口含劑、水性或油性懸浮液、可分散散劑或顆粒、乳液、糖漿或酏劑。該等調配物可根據此項技術已知用於製造醫藥組合物之任何方法來製備,且該等組合物可含有一或多種包括甜味劑、調味劑、著色劑及防腐劑之試劑以提供可口製劑。壓製錠劑可藉由在合適之機器中壓製視情況與黏合劑、潤滑劑、惰性稀釋劑、防腐劑、表面活性劑或分散劑混合之呈自由流動形式的活性成份(諸如散劑或顆粒)來製備。模製錠劑可藉由在合適之機器中模製經惰性液體稀釋劑濕潤之粉末狀活性成份之混合物來製造。錠劑可視情況經包衣或刻痕,且視情況經調配以提供活性成份自其緩慢或受控釋放。
本發明之醫藥調配物之錠劑賦形劑可包括:增加構成錠劑之粉末狀藥物之總體積的填充劑(或稀釋劑);促進錠劑在攝取時分解為小片段(理想地為個別藥物粒子)且促進藥物快速溶解及吸收之崩解劑;確保可形成具有所需機械強度之顆粒及錠劑且在已壓製錠劑之後將錠劑固持在一起,防止其在封裝、運輸及常規處理期間分解為其組份粉末的黏合劑;在生產期間改良構成錠劑之粉末之流動性的助流劑;確
保製造期間成錠粉末不黏附於壓製錠劑所用之設備的潤滑劑。該等賦形劑改良粉末混合物流經壓機且在成品錠劑退出設備時使摩擦及破裂最小化;具有與助流劑功能類似之功能的抗黏劑,其在製造期間降低構成錠劑之粉末與用於穿壓出錠劑形狀之機器之間的黏著;併入錠劑中以給與其以更適宜口味或遮蔽不適宜口味之香料;及有助於鑑別及患者順應性之著色劑。
含有與適合於製造錠劑之無毒醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑混雜之活性成份的錠劑為可接受的。此等賦形劑可為(例如)惰性稀釋劑,諸如碳酸鈣或碳酸鈉、乳糖、磷酸鈣或磷酸鈉;成粒劑及崩解劑,例如玉米澱粉或海藻酸;黏合劑,諸如澱粉、明膠或阿拉伯膠;及潤滑劑,諸如硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸或滑石。錠劑可未經包衣或可由已知技術(包括微囊化)包衣以在胃腸道中延遲崩解及吸附且藉此提供經較長時段之持續作用。舉例而言,可採用延時物質,諸如單獨或與蠟一起之單硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯。
為治療眼部或其他外部組織(例如口腔及皮膚),調配物較佳以含有(例如)0.075至20% w/w量之活性成份之局部軟膏或乳膏形式施用。當調配成軟膏時,活性成份可與石蠟基劑或水可混溶軟膏基劑一起採用。或者,活性成份可與水包油乳膏基劑一起調配成乳膏。
必要時,乳膏基劑之水相可包括多元醇,亦即,具有兩個或兩個以上羥基之醇,諸如丙二醇、丁烷1,3-二醇、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、甘油及聚乙二醇(包括PEG 400)及其混合物。局部調配物可理想地包括增強活性成份吸收或滲透穿過皮膚或其他受感染區域之化合物。該等皮膚滲透增強劑之實例包括二甲亞碸及相關類似物。
本發明乳液之油相可以已知方式由已知成份構成,該油相包括至少一種乳化劑與脂肪或油或與脂肪及油二者之混合物。較佳地,親水性乳化劑與充當穩定劑之親脂性乳化劑一起包括在內。具有或不具
有穩定劑之乳化劑一起構成乳化蠟,且蠟連同油及脂肪一起包含形成乳膏調配物之油性分散相的乳化軟膏基劑。適用於本發明調配物之乳化劑及乳液穩定劑包括Tween® 60、Span® 80、十六醇十八醇混合物、苄醇、十四烷醇、單硬脂酸甘油酯及十二烷基硫酸鈉。
本發明之醫藥調配物之水性懸浮液含有與適用於製造水性懸浮液之賦形劑混雜之活性物質。該等賦形劑包括懸浮劑,諸如羧甲基纖維素鈉、交聯羧甲纖維素、聚乙烯吡咯酮、甲基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、海藻酸鈉、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、黃蓍膠及阿拉伯膠;及分散劑或濕潤劑,諸如天然產生之磷脂(例如卵磷脂)、氧化烯與脂肪酸之縮合產物(例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯)、氧化乙烯與長鏈脂族醇之縮合產物(例如十七伸乙基氧基十六醇)、氧化乙烯與衍生自脂肪酸及己醣醇酐之偏酯的縮合產物(例如聚氧乙烯脫水山梨糖醇單油酸酯)。該水性懸浮液亦可含有:一或多種防腐劑,諸如對羥基苯甲酸乙酯或對羥基苯甲酸正丙酯;一或多種著色劑;一或多種調味劑;及一或多種甜味劑,諸如蔗糖或糖精。
醫藥組合物可呈無菌可注射製劑之形式,諸如無菌可注射水性或油性懸浮液。此懸浮液可根據已知技術使用上文已提及之彼等合適分散劑或濕潤劑及懸浮劑來調配。無菌可注射製劑可為於無毒非經腸可接受之稀釋劑或溶劑中之溶液或懸浮液,諸如於1,3-丁二醇中之溶液;或由凍乾粉末製備。可採用之可接受媒劑及溶劑為水、林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution)及等張氯化鈉溶液。另外,無菌不揮發性油可習知地用作溶劑或懸浮介質。出於此目的,可採用任何溫和不揮發性油,包括合成單甘油酯或二甘油酯。另外,諸如油酸之脂肪酸同樣可用於製備可注射劑。
可與載劑物質組合以產生單一劑型之活性成份的量將視所治療之宿主及特定投藥模式而變。舉例而言,意欲經口投與人類之延時釋
放調配物可含有與適當且便利之量(可在總組合物之約5%至約95%(重量:重量)之間變化)的載劑物質混配之約1至1000mg活性物質。可製備醫藥組合物以提供易量測之量以供投藥。舉例而言,意欲供靜脈內輸注之水溶液每毫升溶液可含有約3至500μg活性成份使得可以約30mL/h之速率進行合適體積之輸注。
適用於非經腸投與之調配物包括水性及非水性無菌注射溶液,其可含有抗氧化劑、緩衝劑、抑菌劑及使調配物與預期接受者之血液等張之溶質;及水性及非水性無菌懸浮液,其可包括懸浮劑及增稠劑。
適合於局部投與眼部之調配物亦包括滴眼劑,其中活性成份溶解或懸浮於合適載劑(尤其活性成份之水性溶劑)中。活性成份較佳以約0.5至20% w/w(例如約0.5至10% w/w,例如約1.5% w/w)之濃度存在於該等調配物中。
適合於局部投與口中之調配物包括包含於調味基質(通常為蔗糖及阿拉伯膠或黃蓍膠)中之活性成份的口含劑;包含於惰性基質(諸如明膠及甘油,或蔗糖及阿拉伯膠)中之活性成份的片劑;及包含於合適液體載劑中之活性成份的漱劑。
供經直腸投與之調配物可以使用合適基劑(包含(例如)可可脂或水楊酸酯)之栓劑形式呈現。
適合於肺內或經鼻投與之調配物具有(例如)0.1至500微米範圍內之粒度(包括以諸如0.5微米、1微米、30微米、35微米等之微米增量在0.1微米與500微米之間的範圍內之粒度),其係藉由經鼻孔快速吸入或藉由經口吸入以達到肺泡囊來投與。合適之調配物包括活性成份之水性或油性溶液。適合於氣霧劑或乾粉投與之調配物可根據習知方法製備且可與其他治療劑(諸如此前用於治療或預防如下所述病症之化合物)一起傳遞。
適合於陰道投與之調配物可以陰道栓劑、棉球、乳膏、凝膠、糊狀物、泡沫或除活性成份外亦含有諸如此項技術中已知為適當之載劑的噴霧調配物形式呈現。
調配物可封裝於單位劑量或多劑量容器(例如密封安瓿及小瓶)中,且可在冷凍乾燥(凍乾)條件下儲存,僅需在臨用前添加無菌注射用液體載劑(例如水)。即用注射溶液及懸浮液係由先前所述種類之無菌散劑、顆粒及錠劑來製備。較佳單位劑量調配物為含有如上文所述之日劑量或單位日次劑量或其適當部分之活性成份的彼等調配物。
本發明進一步提供包含至少一種如上文所定義之活性成份以及其獸醫學載劑之獸醫學組合物。獸醫學載劑為適用於達成投與組合物之目的之物質且可為其他方面在獸醫學技術中為惰性或可接受的且與活性成份相容之固體、液體或氣體物質。此等獸醫學組合物可非經腸、經口或由任何其他所要途徑投與。
曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1可與其他化療劑組合用於治療過度增生性疾病或病症,包括腫瘤、癌症及贅生性組織,以及惡變前及非贅生性或非惡性過度增生性病症。在某些實施例中,曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1於醫藥組合調配物或組合療法形式之給藥方案中與具有抗過度增生特性或適用於治療過度增生性病症之第二化合物組合。醫藥組合調配物或給藥方案之第二化合物較佳具有與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1互補之活性,且使得其彼此無不良影響。該等化合物適宜地以對預期目的有效之量以組合形式存在。在一實施例中,本發明之組合物包含曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DDM1與諸如本文所述之化療劑之組合。實例4及5分別為T-DM1+帕妥珠單抗及T-DM1+GDC-0941之臨床方案。
本發明之治療組合包括調配物、給藥方案或其他治療過程,其包含以獨立、同時或依續用於治療過度增生性病症之組合製劑形式投
與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及選自HER2二聚化抑制劑抗體、抗VEGF抗體、5-FU、卡鉑、拉帕替尼、ABT-869及多烯紫杉醇之化療劑。
組合療法可以同時或依續方案投與。當依續投與時,可以兩次或兩次以上投藥來投與組合。該組合投藥包括使用獨立調配物或單一醫藥調配物共同投藥及以任一次序連續投藥,其中較佳地存在兩種(或所有)活性劑同時發揮其生物活性的時段。
上述共同投與之藥劑中之任一者的合適劑量為目前所用之劑量且可因新鑑別之藥劑與其他化療劑或治療之組合作用(協同)而降低。
在抗癌療法之特定實施例中,曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1可與化療劑(包括諸如本文所述之彼等藥劑的激素或抗體藥劑)組合,以及與手術療法及放射線療法組合。將選擇曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及其他醫藥活性化療劑之量及相對投藥時序以達成所要組合治療效應。
本發明之化合物可由適於待治療病狀之任何途徑來投與。合適之途徑包括經口、非經腸(包括皮下、肌肉內、靜脈內、動脈內、吸入、皮內、鞘內、硬膜外及輸注技術)、經皮、經直腸、經鼻、局部(包括經頰及舌下)、經陰道、腹膜內、肺內及鼻內。局部投藥亦可涉及使用經皮投藥,諸如經皮貼片或離子導入裝置。藥物調配論述於Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,(1995)Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA中。藥物調配之其他實例可見於Liberman,H.A.及Lachman,L.編,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Marcel Decker,第3卷,第2版,New York,NY中。對局部免疫抑制治療而言,化合物可藉由病灶內投藥(包括灌注或以其他方式在移植前使移植物與抑制劑接觸)來投與。應瞭解,較佳途徑可隨(例如)接受者之病狀而變。當經口投與化合物時,其可與醫藥學上可接受之載劑、助流劑或賦形劑一起調配成丸劑、膠囊、錠劑等。當非經腸投與化合物
時,如下文所詳述,其可與醫藥學上可接受之非經腸媒劑或稀釋劑一起且以單位劑量可注射形式調配。
治療人類患者之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1之劑量可在約100mg至約500mg之範圍內。該劑量之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1可視藥物代謝動力學(PK)及藥效學(PD)特性(包括吸收、分布、代謝及排泄)而定每六週一次、每三週一次、每週一次或更頻繁地投與。與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1組合使用之化療劑之劑量可在約10mg至約1000mg之範圍內。化療劑可每六週一次、每三週一次、每週一次或更頻繁地投與,諸如每天一或兩次投與。另外,毒性因素可影響劑量及投藥方案。當經口投與時,丸劑、膠囊或錠劑可每日或以更低頻率攝取,歷時指定時段。可將該方案重複多個治療週期。
(1)曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與(2)化療劑之治療組合適用於治療包括(但不限於)以HER2路徑活化為特徵之彼等疾病、病狀及/或病症的疾病、病狀及/或病症。因此,本發明之另一態樣包括治療可藉由靶向HER2或VEGFR受體1而治療之疾病或病狀的方法。(1)曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與(2)化療劑之治療組合可用於治療過度增生性疾病或病症,包括腫瘤、癌症及贅生性組織,以及惡變前及非贅生性或非惡性過度增生性病症。
可根據本發明之方法治療之癌症包括(但不限於):乳癌、卵巢癌、子宮頸癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、泌尿生殖道癌、食道癌、喉癌、膠質母細胞瘤、神經母細胞瘤、胃癌、皮膚癌、角化棘皮瘤、肺癌、表皮樣癌、大細胞癌瘤、非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)、小細胞癌、肺腺癌、骨癌、結腸癌、腺瘤、胰腺癌、腺癌、甲狀腺癌、濾泡癌、未分化癌、乳頭狀癌、精原細胞瘤、黑色素瘤、肉瘤、膀胱癌、肝癌及膽道癌、腎癌、骨髓病症、淋巴病症、毛狀細胞癌、口腔咽癌(口腔
癌)、唇癌、舌癌、口癌、咽癌、小腸癌、結腸直腸癌、大腸癌、直腸癌、腦及中樞神經系統癌、霍奇金氏病(Hodgkin's disease)及白血病。
本發明之另一態樣提供用於治療罹患本文所述疾病或病狀之哺乳動物(例如人類)之該疾病或病狀的醫藥組合物或治療組合。亦提供醫藥組合物之用途,其用於製備治療罹患本文所述疾病及病狀之溫血動物(諸如哺乳動物,例如人類)之該病症的藥劑。
在本發明之另一實施例中,提供含有適用於治療上文所述疾病及病症之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1的製品或「套組」。在一實施例中,該套組包含一包含曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1之容器。套組可進一步包含在容器上或與容器相關聯之標籤或包裝插頁。術語「包裝插頁」用於指代通常包括於治療性產品之商業包裝中之說明書,其含有關於該等治療性產品使用之適應症、用法、劑量、投藥、禁忌症及/或警告的資訊。合適之容器包括(例如)瓶、小瓶、注射器、發泡包裝等。容器可由諸如玻璃或塑膠之多種材料形成。容器可容納對治療病狀有效之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1或其調配物且可具有無菌入口孔(例如,容器可為具有可由皮下注射針刺穿之塞子的靜脈內溶液袋或小瓶)。組合物中之至少一種活性劑為曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1。標籤或包裝插頁指示該組合物用於治療諸如癌症之所選病狀。在一實施例中,標籤或包裝插頁指示包含曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1之組合物可用於治療由異常細胞生長產生之病症。標籤或包裝插頁亦可指示組合物可用於治療其他病症。其他或另外,製品可進一步包含一包含醫藥學上可接受之緩衝劑的第二容器,該緩衝劑為諸如抑菌注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸鹽緩衝生理食鹽水、林格氏溶液及右旋糖溶液。其可進一步包括就商業及使用者觀點而言所需之其他材料,包括其他緩衝劑、稀釋劑、過濾器、
針及注射器。
套組可進一步包含投與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及(若存在)第二醫藥調配物之說明。舉例而言,若套組包含包含曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1之第一組合物及第二醫藥調配物,則該套組可進一步包含向有需要之患者同時、依續或獨立投與第一醫藥組合物及第二醫藥組合物之說明。
在另一實施例中,套組適用於傳遞固體口服形式之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1,諸如錠劑或膠囊。該套組較佳包括許多單位劑量。該等套組可包括具有以其預期使用次序而確定之劑量的卡片。該套組之一實例為「發泡包裝」。發泡包裝在封裝工業中已為熟知且廣泛用於封裝醫藥單位劑型。必要時,可提供記憶輔助工具,例如呈數字、字母或其他標誌形式或以指示可投與劑量之治療時程中之天數的日曆插頁。
根據一實施例,套組可包含:(a)其中含有曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1之第一容器;及視情況(b)其中含有第二醫藥調配物之第二容器,其中該第二醫藥調配物包含具有抗過度增生活性之第二化合物。其他或另外,該套組可進一步包含一包含醫藥學上可接受之緩衝劑的第三容器,該緩衝劑為諸如抑菌注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸鹽緩衝生理食鹽水、林格氏溶液及右旋糖溶液。其可進一步包括就商業及使用者觀點而言所需之其他材料,包括其他緩衝劑、稀釋劑、過濾器、針及注射器。
當套組包含曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與第二治療劑(亦即,化療劑)之組合物時,該套組可包含一容納獨立組合物之容器(諸如分隔式瓶或分隔式箔包裝),然而,獨立組合物亦可容納於單一未分隔容器內。套組通常包含投與獨立組份之說明。當獨立組份較佳以不同劑型(例如經口及非經腸)投與時,以不同給藥時間間隔投與時或當處方醫
師需要滴定組合之個別組份時,該套組形式尤其有利。
為說明本發明,包括以下實例。然而,應瞭解,此等實例並不限制本發明且僅意欲表明實施本發明之方法。
將曲妥珠單抗藉由在50mM磷酸鉀/50mM氯化鈉/2mM EDTA(pH 6.5)中以20mg/mL進行緩衝劑更換而自HERCEPTIN®純化且以7.5至10莫耳當量之4-(N-順丁烯二醯亞胺基甲基)環己烷-1-甲酸丁二醯亞胺酯(SMCC,Pierce Biotechnology,Inc),於DMSO或DMA(二甲基乙醯胺)中之20mM,6.7mg/mL處理(US 2005/0169933;US 2005/0276812)。在周圍溫度下於氬氣下攪拌2至4小時後,將反應混合物經以50mM磷酸鉀/50mM氯化鈉/2mM EDTA(pH 6.5)平衡之Sephadex G25管柱過濾。或者,將反應混合物以30mM檸檬酸鹽及150mM氯化鈉(pH 6)凝膠過濾。將含有抗體之部分彙集且進行檢定。曲妥珠單抗-SMCC之回收率為88%。
將來自上述之藥物-連接子中間物曲妥珠單抗-MCC以50mM磷酸鉀/50mM氯化鈉/2mM EDTA(pH 6.5)稀釋至10mg/ml之最終濃度,且使其與DM1(1.7當量,假定5 SMCC/曲妥珠單抗,7.37mg/ml)於二甲基乙醯胺中之10mM溶液反應。DM1可由安絲菌素醯酵產物製備(US 6790954;US 7432088)且經衍生以供結合(US 6333410;RE 39151)。在周圍溫度下於氬氣下將反應物攪拌4至約16小時。將結合反應混合物經Sephadex G25凝膠過濾管柱(1.5×4.9cm)以1×PBS(pH 6.5)過濾。或者,將反應混合物以10mM丁二酸鹽及150mM氯化鈉(pH 5)凝膠過濾。如在252nm及280nm下之吸光度所量測,DM1/曲妥珠單抗比(p)為3.1。藥物與抗體比(p)亦可藉由質譜分析來量測。亦可藉由SDS聚丙烯醯胺凝膠電泳來監控結合。藉由雷射光散射分析來評定聚集。
或者,可藉由形成MCC-DM1連接子-藥物試劑且接著與曲妥珠單抗反應來製備曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1。
通常,曲妥珠單抗-MCC與DM1之結合反應產生包含抗體數目不同之經附著、經結合DM1藥物之異質混合物,亦即,p為1至約8之分布的藥物負荷。額外異質性尺寸因SMCC與曲妥珠單抗之不同附著位點而存在,其中曲妥珠單抗上之許多不同親核體(例如末端離胺酸胺基)可與SMCC反應。因此,曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1包括經分離、經純化種類之分子以及平均藥物負荷為1至8且其中MCC-DM1經由曲妥珠單抗抗體之任何位點附著之混合物。
在由結合反應製備曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1中,每個曲妥珠單抗抗體之DM1藥物部分之平均數目可以習知方式(諸如質譜分析、ELISA檢定、電泳及HPLC)表徵。亦可依據p來測定曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1之定量分布。藉由ELISA,可測定ADC之特定製劑中之p的平均值(Hamblett等人(2004)Clinical Cancer Res.10:7063-7070;Sanderson等人(2005)Clinical Cancer Res.11:843-852)。然而,p(藥物)值之分布因抗體-抗原結合及ELISA之偵測限制而不可辨別。又,偵測抗體-藥物結合物之ELISA檢定不會測定藥物部分於何處附著至抗體(諸如重鏈或輕鏈片段)或特定胺基酸殘基。在一些情況下,均質曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(其中p為來自具有其他藥物負荷之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1之某一值)之分離、純化及表徵可藉由諸如逆相HPLC或電泳之方式來達成。
本發明組合之功效係藉由採用以下方案之細胞增殖檢定來量測(Promega Corp.Technical Bulletin TB288;Mendoza等人(2002)Cancer Res.62:5485-5488)。Cell-Titer Glo檢定試劑及方案可購得(Promega)。該檢定評定化合物進入細胞且影響細胞增殖之能力。檢
定原理為藉由對細胞ATP進行定量來測定所存在之活細胞數。Cell-Titer Glo為用於此定量之試劑。其為勻相檢定,其中添加Cell-Titer Glo使得細胞溶解且經由螢光素酶反應產生發光信號。該發光信號與所存在之ATP量成比例。
DMSO與培養基盤:來自Nunc之96孔錐底聚丙烯盤(目錄號249946)
細胞盤:來自Falcon之有蓋384孔黑色透明底(microclear)TC盤(353962)
細胞培養基:RPMI或DMEM高葡萄糖;漢氏F-12(Ham's F-12)(50:50),10%胎牛血清,2mM L-麩醯胺酸
Cell Titer-Glo:Promega(目錄號G7572)
第1天-接種細胞盤,收集細胞,將細胞以1000-2000個細胞/54微升/孔接種至384孔細胞盤中歷時3天檢定。在37℃、5% CO2下培育隔夜(約16小時)。
第2天-向細胞、化合物稀釋液、DMSO盤中添加藥物(以1:2連續稀釋9個點)。將20μl化合物(對小分子藥物而言10mM儲備溶液)添加至96孔盤之第2行中。使用Precision培養基盤(1:50稀釋)橫跨盤(10μl+10μl 100% DMSO)進行連續1:2稀釋共計9個點。將147微升培養基添加至獨立96孔培養基盤之所有孔中。使用Rapidplate將3μl DMSO+化合物自DMSO盤中之各孔轉移至培養基盤上之各相應孔中。對於雙藥物組合研究而言,使用Rapidplate將一種藥物1.5μl DMSO+化合物自DMSO盤中之各孔轉移至培養基盤上之各相應孔中。接著,將另一種藥物1.5μl轉移至培養基盤中。
添加藥物至細胞、細胞盤中(1:10稀釋),將6μl培養基+化合物直接添加至細胞中(該等細胞上已有54μl培養基)。在不經常打開之恆溫箱中,在37℃、5% CO2下培育3天。
第5天-使盤顯色,在室溫下使Cell Titer Glo緩衝劑解凍。自37℃移除細胞盤且使其平衡至室溫歷時約30分鐘。將Cell Titer Glo緩衝劑添加至Cell Titer Glo受質中(瓶至瓶)。將30微升Cell Titer Glo試劑添加至細胞之各孔中。置放於盤震盪器上歷時約30分鐘。於PerkinElmer Envision(每孔0.1秒)或Analyst HT盤讀取器(每孔半秒)上讀取發光。
細胞生存力檢定與組合檢定:將細胞以1000-2000個細胞/孔接種於384孔盤中歷時16小時。第二天,在96孔盤中於DMSO中製備九個連續1:2稀釋之化合物稀釋液。使用Rapidplate自動儀(Zymark Corp.,Hopkinton,MA)將化合物進一步稀釋至生長培養基中。接著將經稀釋之化合物添加至384孔細胞盤之一式四份孔中且在37℃及5% CO2下培育。4天後,根據製造商之說明書使用Cell-Titer Glo(Promega)藉由發光來量測活細胞之相對數目且於Envision或Wallac Multilabel讀取器(PerkinElmer,Foster City)上讀取。使用Kaleidagraph 4.0(Synergy Software)或Prism 4.0軟體(GraphPad,San Diego)計算EC50值。以8倍EC50濃度起始來給與組合檢定中之藥物。在藥物之EC50>2.5μM之狀況下,所用最高濃度為10μM。在所有檢定中同時或以4小時間隔(一個接一個)添加曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及化療劑。
額外例示性活體外細胞增殖檢定包括以下步驟:
1.將於培養基中含有約104個細胞之100μl細胞培養物之等分試樣(關於細胞株及腫瘤類型參見圖1)置於於384孔不透明壁盤之各孔中。
2.製備含有培養基且無細胞之對照孔。
3.將化合物添加至實驗孔中且培育3-5天。
4.使盤平衡至室溫歷時約30分鐘。
5.添加等於各孔中所存在之細胞培養基體積之體積的Cell Titer-Glo試劑。
6.將內含物於迴轉式震盪器上混合2分鐘以誘導細胞溶解。
7.將盤在室溫下培育10分鐘使發光信號穩定。
8.記錄發光且將其以RLU=相對發光單位報導於圖中。
或者,將細胞以最佳密度接種於96孔盤中且在測試化合物存在下培育4天。隨後將Alamar BlueTM添加至檢定培養基中,且將細胞培育6小時,接著在544nm激發、590nm發射下讀取。使用S形劑量反應曲線擬合來計算EC50值。
適合於轉殖基因實驗之動物可獲自標準商業來源。使用基質膠在雌性CB-17 SCID米色小鼠(Charles River Laboratory)組之乳腺脂肪墊中植入三百萬個KPL-4(Her2過度表現)乳癌細胞。在雌性無胸腺裸小鼠(Charles River Laboratory或Harlan)組之乳腺脂肪墊中植入2×2mm3之MMTV-Her2 Fo5轉殖基因乳房腫瘤片段。第0天,根據各腫瘤模型所指定之時程向小鼠異種移植物給與藥物、藥物組合或媒劑。腹膜內投與5-FU、吉西他濱、卡鉑及B20-4.1,如所指示靜脈內或腹膜內給與帕妥珠單抗,靜脈內投與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及多烯紫杉醇,藉由管飼經口周給與拉帕替尼、GDC-0941及ABT-869。在整個研究過程中,每週兩次記錄腫瘤尺寸。亦每週兩次記錄小鼠體重,且定期觀測小鼠。使用Ultra Cal IV測徑規(型號54-10-111;Fred V.Fowler Co.,Inc.;Newton,MA)在兩個尺寸(長度及寬度)上量測腫瘤體積且使用Excel 11.2版(Microsoft Corporation;Redmond,WA)對其分析。使用3.6版KaleidaGraph(Synergy Software;Reading,PA)繪製腫瘤抑制圖。使用下式計算腫瘤體積:腫瘤尺寸(mm3)=(較長量測值×較短量測值2)×0.5。
使用Adventurera Pro AV812量表(Ohaus Corporation;Pine Brook,NJ)量測動物體重。使用3.6版KaleidaGraph產生圖。使用下式計算重量百分比變化:組重量百分比變化=(1-(初重/新重))×100。
對腫瘤體積超過2000mm3或體重損失超過其初重20%之小鼠根據法規指導即時施以無痛致死術。
研究結束時(EOS)使用下式計算腫瘤生長延緩百分比(TGD%):TGD%=100×(治療組之終點中值時間-對照組之終點中值時間)/對照組之終點中值時間。
研究結束時基於各組中剩餘之可量測腫瘤數來測定腫瘤發病率(TI)。部分反應(PR)定義為針對三次連續量測所觀測,與起始腫瘤體積相比腫瘤體積減小超過50%但小於100%。完全反應(CR)定義為針對三次連續量測所觀測,與初始腫瘤體積相比腫瘤體積減小100%。分析資料且使用都內特氏t測試(Dunnett's t-test)以JMP統計軟體5.1.2版(SAS Institute;Cary,NC)來測定p值(SAS Institute;Cary,NC)。使用JMP統計軟體5.1.2版來計算研究結束時之個別腫瘤體積及平均腫瘤體積±SEM值。基於自初始體重±SEM之平均變化百分比來對體重資料繪圖。
設計向患有HER2陽性局部晚期乳癌或轉移性乳癌且在接受先前療法時已有進展之患者靜脈內投與之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(T-DM1)與帕妥珠單抗之組合的安全性、耐受性及功效之1b/II期開放-標籤研究來表徵組合之安全性及耐受性。每三週將該組合投與患有HER2陽性局部晚期乳癌或轉移性乳癌且先前已在任何治療線上接受曲妥珠單抗,已接受用於晚期疾病之與HER2靶向療法組合之化療法或在接受其最近療法時已有進展之患者。另一目的在於當以此時程投與T-DM1與帕妥珠單抗之組合時評估T-DM1之藥物代謝動力學。另一目的在於如藉由基於使用經修正之實體腫瘤反應評估標準(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors,RECIST)1.0版之研究者評定的客觀反應率所
量測,進行以此時程投與之T-DM1與帕妥珠單抗組合之功效的初步評定。此研究之次要目的如下:(1)評估接受以此時程投與之T-DM1與帕妥珠單抗組合之患者的無進展存活率(PFS);(2)評定以此時程投與之T-DM1與帕妥珠單抗組合之反應的持續時間;及(3)評定針對T-DM1之抗治療性抗體的發展。
T-DM1將與帕妥珠單抗組合藉由靜脈內(IV)輸注來投與,亦藉由靜脈內(IV)輸注投與患有HER2陽性局部晚期乳癌或轉移性乳癌且先前已接受曲妥珠單抗且在接受其最近療法之後或同時有進展之患者。患者將以最小3週之時間間隔、以重複週期接受T-DM1與帕妥珠單抗之組合。
在治療較高劑量水平下之任何患者之前,將針對給定劑量水平下之患者在接受其首次劑量之研究藥物之後在DLT(劑量限制性毒性)觀測時段(定義為距首次劑量之T-DM1之時間21天)期間觀測DLT。若在DLT觀測時段期間在此等患者體內未觀測到DLT,則可將劑量漸增至下一劑量水平。
DLT定義為在DLT觀測時段內所發生之以下治療相關毒性中之任一者:(1)除任何等級之脫髮以外,並不歸因於疾病進程或另一明顯可鑑別病因之3級非血液性不良事件;(2)對照護療法標準起反應之3級腹瀉;(3)在不存在預給藥之情況下對照護療法標準起反應之3級噁心或嘔吐;(4)除由於肝或骨轉移灶而具有2級肝轉胺酶或基線ALP水平之患者(5,正常上限[ULN])以外,3級血清膽紅素、肝轉胺酶(ALT或AST)或鹼性磷酸酶(ALP)升高持續72小時,肝轉胺酶或ALP水平10 ULN將視為DLT;(5)4級血小板減少症持續24小時;(6)4級嗜中性白血球減少症(絕對嗜中性白血球計數<500/細胞/mm3)持續4天或伴有發熱(口腔或鼓室溫度100.4℉或38℃);(7)與任一測試化合物相關之由研究者感覺之任何主觀不可耐受毒性;(8)禁止起始第二治
療週期之任何治療相關毒性。
已決定進行下一最高劑量水平後,亦將允許患者內劑量漸增;編入研究中之患者最初將接受低劑量T-DM1(3.0mg/kg)以及全劑量帕妥珠單抗。將允許此等患者在其群體已越過DLT觀測時段之後在後續週期中漸增至兩種藥物之全劑量。然而,3.6mg/kg劑量水平之安全性基於DLT評定。若患者(包括在研究之劑量漸增期期間編入研究中之彼等患者)貫穿首次追蹤腫瘤評定保持處於研究中,則對該等患者之功效將視為可評估的。在第1週期結束時且接著在整個治療時段中每三個週期應進行心臟超音波(ECHO)或多閘門式造影(MUGA)掃描。
T-DM1可以於配備有20mm氟樹脂層壓塞及使用暗灰色易拉塑膠蓋之鋁封的20mL I型USP/歐洲藥典(European Pharmacopeia)玻璃小瓶中之單次使用凍乾調配物形式提供。以8.0mL無菌注射用水(SWFI)復水之後,所得產物含有於10mM丁二酸鈉(pH 5.0)、6%(w/v)蔗糖及0.02%(w/v)聚山梨醇酯20中之20mg/mL T-DM1。各20mL小瓶含有約172mg T-DM1以得以傳遞160mg T-DM1。將指定體積之T-DM1溶液自小瓶中移除且添加至靜脈袋中。將經復水之T-DM1稀釋至含有0.45%或0.9%氯化鈉注射液(最小體積250mL)之PVC袋或不含乳膠、不含PVC之聚烯烴袋(PO)中。使用含有0.45%氯化鈉之PVC袋或PO袋為較佳。在使用含有0.9%氯化鈉之PVC袋或PO袋之狀況下,推薦使用0.22μm內嵌過濾器。將袋輕輕翻轉以使溶液混合。可將稀釋於含有0.9%或0.45%氯化鈉注射液之聚氯乙烯(PVC)袋或不含乳膠、不含PVC之聚烯烴(PO)袋(USP)中之輸注用T-DM1溶液在2℃-8℃(36℉-46℉)下儲存短時段。
帕妥珠單抗係以含有調配於20mM L-組胺酸(pH 6.0)、120mM蔗
糖及0.02%聚山梨醇酯20中之30mg/mL帕妥珠單抗之單次使用調配物形式提供。各20cc小瓶含有約420mg帕妥珠單抗(14.0毫升/小瓶)。自小瓶中抽取指定體積之帕妥珠單抗溶液且將其添加至0.9%注射用氯化鈉溶液之250cc靜脈袋中。將袋輕輕翻轉以使溶液混合,且在投藥前目視檢查微粒及變色。可將稀釋於含有0.9%氯化鈉溶液之聚乙烯袋或非PVC聚烯烴袋中之輸注用帕妥珠單抗溶液在2℃-8℃(36℉-46℉)下儲存短時段。
T-DM1及帕妥珠單抗之安全性及耐受性將使用以下主要安全性結果量度來評定:(1)不良事件之發生率、性質及嚴重度;(2)在研究藥物投與期間及之後,致使T-DM1及/或帕妥珠單抗之劑量改變、劑量延緩或中斷的在身體檢查發現及臨床實驗結果中之不良事件或變化;及(3)心臟功能變化(亦即,左心室射出分數[LVEF]、節段性室壁異常),包括ECHO或MUGA掃描。
必要時,在資料允許時將在接受使用非分割及/或群體法之研究治療的所有患者中測定T-DM1及帕妥珠單抗之以下藥物代謝動力學參數:(1)T-DM1(結合物)、總曲妥珠單抗(游離及與DM1結合)之血清濃度;(2)游離DM1之血漿濃度;(3)總暴露(濃度-時間曲線下之面積[AUC]);(4)最大血清濃度(Cmax);(5)最小濃度(Cmin);(6)清除率;(7)分布體積;(8)最終半衰期;(9)針對T-DM1之抗治療性抗體。
使用經修正之RECIST 1.0版將客觀反應率評定為功效結果量度。此研究之次要功效結果量度如下:(1)PFS,定義為自研究治療起始至如評述腫瘤評定之研究者使用經修正之RECIST 1.0版所測定之首次出現疾病發展或研究中(最後給與研究治療之30天內)由任何原因引起死
亡之時間;及(2)反應持續時間,定義為首次出現文獻記載之客觀反應直至如評述腫瘤評定之研究者使用經修正之RECIST(1.0版)所測定之疾病發展時間或研究中(最後給與研究治療之30天內)由任何原因引起死亡之時間。
T-DM1將以2.4、3.0或3.6mg/kg之劑量,以不超過每三週一次之頻率靜脈內投與。可對任何患者將T-DM1劑量漸減至2.4mg/kg。視以3.0mg/kg開始治療之患者群體所遭遇之毒性而定,且若3.0mg/kg T-DM1經證實為可耐受的,則可在後續週期中每三週一次對患者將劑量漸增至3.6mg/kg(靜脈內)。以第1週期之第1天840mg(靜脈內)之負荷劑量,隨後在後續週期中每三週一次420mg(靜脈內)來投與帕妥珠單抗。
此研究之主要功效終點為經研究者評定之客觀反應,該客觀反應定義為以4乾間隔之兩個連續時刻所測定之完全或部分反應。將以電腦計算對客觀反應率之估算以及相應95%信賴區間。對於客觀反應而言,將無有效基線後腫瘤評定之患者視為無反應者。對於反應之持續時間及PFS而言,將來自失去追蹤之患者的資料作為在已知患者無進展之最後日期檢查來處理。無治療後腫瘤評定或死亡之患者的資料將在起始治療加1天之日期檢查。
設計向患有HER2陽性轉移性乳癌且在先前基於曲妥珠單抗之療法上有進展之患者靜脈內投與之T-DM1與經口投與之GDC-0941之組合的Ib期開放-標籤研究來表徵組合之安全性、耐受性、藥物代謝動力學及活性。此研究之主要目的在於:評估與T-DM1一起投與之GDC-0941之安全性及耐受性;估算GDC-0941在與T-DM1一起投與時
之MTD;鑑別與T-DM1組合投與之GDC-0941的推薦II期劑量;及表徵在與T-DM1組合投與時GDC-0941之任何所觀測抗腫瘤活性。藥物代謝動力學目的在於:在不存在及存在T-DM1之情況下,表徵GDC-0941藥物代謝動力學;及在相對不存在及存在GDC-0941之情況下表徵T-DM1之藥物代謝動力學。
GDC-0941為意欲經口投與之乾粉。經調配之藥物產品將於以0尺寸殼囊封且由顏色區分之具有兩種強度(15及50mg)之硬明膠膠囊中提供。包括於膠囊調配物中之賦形劑為微晶纖維素NF/EP、十二烷基硫酸鈉NF/DP(僅於50mg強度中)、無水檸檬酸USP/EP、交聯接甲纖維素鈉NF/EP、膠狀二氧化矽NF/EP及硬脂酸鎂(非牛)NF/EP。GDC-0941膠囊應儲存於36℉與46℉(2℃與8℃)之間的冷藏溫度下。指示患者將研究藥物儲存於36℉與46℉(2℃與8℃)之間的冷藏溫度下。
對安全性、藥物代謝動力學、藥效學及功效之結果量度進行測定及評定,包括如實例4中之統計方法。
以3週週期投與研究治療。視發展狀況、藥物可用性及其他因素而定,接受來自研究治療之臨床效益的患者可具有可在獨立研究中發生之歷時更多週期之治療的可能性。
在研究之劑量漸增期中,所編入之患者在第1週期之第1天將空腹接受單次劑量之GDC-0941以允許給藥前及給藥後收集GDC-0941 PK樣本且觀測患者內變化。GDC-0941之起始劑量將為60mg(每天一次),其為在I期研究中已經測定單劑形式安全而無任何劑量限制性毒性之劑量。在第1週期之第2天,在無負荷劑量之情況下,經90分鐘以3.6mg/kg靜脈內投與全劑量之T-DM1。此將繼之以一劑GDC-0941。
首次T-DM1輸注後,將監控患者歷時90分鐘。接著,在第一週期中將每日一次給與GDC-0941(共計14劑),接著停一週。
在後續患者中GDC-0941之劑量漸增將持續直至有進展或不可耐受為止。後續研究治療週期之長度將為3週,其中在各週期之第1天首先經30分鐘靜脈內投與3.6mg/kg T-DM1且在T-DM1輸注後投與GDC-0941,且持續共計2週且停1週。給藥將持續直至有進展或不可耐受為止。視T-DM1在母研究中耐受之程度而定,將以30至90分鐘(±10)靜脈內輸注來投與T-DM1。若90分鐘輸注具良好耐受性,則後續輸注可經30(±10)分鐘傳遞。
上述描述僅視為本發明原理之說明。另外,由於眾多修改及變化將為熟習此項技術者顯而易見,因此不希望將本發明限於如上文所述而展示之精確構造及過程。因此,所有合適修改及等效物可視為屬於以下申請專利範圍所界定之本發明範疇內。
Claims (31)
- 一種治療組合用於製造治療過度增生性病症之藥劑之用途,其中該治療組合係以經組合調配物形式或交替投與哺乳動物,其中該治療組合包含治療有效量之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1(trastuzumab-MCC-DM1)及治療有效量之選自HER2二聚化抑制劑抗體、抗VEGF抗體、5-FU、卡鉑(carboplatin)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)、ABT-869、多烯紫杉醇(docetaxel)、GDC-0941及GNE-390之化療劑。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該HER2二聚化抑制劑抗體為帕妥珠單抗(pertuzumab)。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該抗VEGF抗體為貝伐單抗(bevacizumab)。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該化療劑為5-FU。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該化療劑為卡鉑。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該化療劑為拉帕替尼。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該化療劑為ABT-869。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該化療劑為多烯紫杉醇。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該化療劑為GDC-0941。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該化療劑為GNE-390。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該治療有效量之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及該治療有效量之該化療劑係以經組合調配物形式投與。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該治療有效量之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及該治療有效量之該化療劑係交替投與。
- 如請求項12之用途,其中該哺乳動物係投與該化療劑且接著隨後投與曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1。
- 如請求項12之用途,其中該治療組合係以約三週之時間間隔投與患有該過度增生性病症之人類。
- 如請求項12之用途,其中曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1係以約一週至三週之時間間隔投與患有該過度增生性病症之人類。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該治療組合之投藥產生協同效應。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該過度增生性病症為癌症。
- 如請求項17之用途,其中該過度增生性病症為表現ErbB2之癌症。
- 如請求項17之用途,其中該癌症為乳癌、卵巢癌、子宮頸癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、泌尿生殖道癌、食道癌、喉癌、膠質母細胞瘤、神經母細胞瘤、胃癌、皮膚癌、角化棘皮瘤、肺癌、表皮樣癌、大細胞癌瘤、非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)、小細胞癌、肺腺癌、骨癌、結腸癌、腺瘤、胰腺癌、腺癌、甲狀腺癌、濾泡癌、未分化癌、乳頭狀癌、精原細胞瘤、黑色素瘤、肉瘤、膀胱癌、肝癌及膽道癌、腎癌、胰腺癌、骨髓病症、淋巴瘤、毛狀細胞癌、口腔癌、鼻咽癌、咽癌、唇癌、舌癌、口癌、小腸癌、結腸直腸癌、大腸癌、直腸癌、腦及中樞神經系統癌、霍奇金氏病(Hodgkin's disease)或白血病。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1量及該化療劑量各自為約1mg至約1000mg。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1量及該化療劑量為以重量計約1:10至約10:1之比率。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該哺乳動物為HER2陽性患者。
- 如請求項22之用途,其中該HER2陽性患者已接受曲妥珠單抗或拉帕替尼療法。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1,選自HER2二 聚化抑制劑抗體、抗VEGF抗體、5-FU、卡鉑、拉帕替尼、ABT-869、多烯紫杉醇、GDC-0941及GNE-390之化療劑,及一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑、助流劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑。
- 如請求項24之醫藥組合物,其包含選自以下者之醫藥學上可接受之助流劑:二氧化矽、粉末狀纖維素、微晶纖維素、金屬硬脂酸鹽、鋁矽酸鈉、苯甲酸鈉、碳酸鈣、矽酸鈣、玉米澱粉、碳酸鎂、無石棉滑石、stearowet C、澱粉、澱粉1500、十二烷基硫酸鎂、氧化鎂及其組合。
- 如請求項24之醫藥組合物,其中該曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1量及該化療劑量各自以約1mg至約1000mg存在。
- 如請求項24之醫藥組合物,其中該曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1量及該化療劑量以重量計以約1:10至約10:1之比率存在。
- 一種用於治療過度增生性病症之製品,其包含:a)以組合調配物形式或交替投與哺乳動物且包含治療有效量之曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1及治療有效量之選自HER2二聚化抑制劑抗體、抗VEGF抗體、5-FU、卡鉑、拉帕替尼、ABT-869、多烯紫杉醇、GDC-0941及GNE-390之化療劑的治療組合;及b)使用說明書。
- 一種測定有待以組合形式用於治療癌症之化合物之方法,其包含:a)將曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與選自HER2二聚化抑制劑抗體、抗VEGF抗體、5-FU、卡鉑、拉帕替尼、ABT-869、多烯紫杉醇、GDC-0941及GNE-390之化療劑的治療組合投與經HER2擴增之乳癌細胞;及b)量測對細胞增殖之抑制,其中非惡性乳腺細胞與惡性乳腺細胞係以細胞生存力來區分。
- 如請求項29之方法,其中該經HER2擴增之乳癌細胞為BT-474。
- 一種測定有待用於治療癌症之治療組合之方法,其包含:a)以曲妥珠單抗-MCC-DM1與選自HER2二聚化抑制劑抗體、抗VEGF抗體、5-FU、卡鉑、拉帕替尼、ABT-869、多烯紫杉醇、GDC-0941及GNE-390之化療劑的治療組合治療活體外腫瘤細胞株;及b)量測協同或非協同效應;藉此測定用於治療癌症之協同治療組合。
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