CN110140625A - A kind of black regional 2 years three ripe water-saving alternating methods of imperial port low plain - Google Patents
A kind of black regional 2 years three ripe water-saving alternating methods of imperial port low plain Download PDFInfo
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- CN110140625A CN110140625A CN201910373730.9A CN201910373730A CN110140625A CN 110140625 A CN110140625 A CN 110140625A CN 201910373730 A CN201910373730 A CN 201910373730A CN 110140625 A CN110140625 A CN 110140625A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention discloses the regional 2 years three ripe water-saving alternating methods of the black imperial port low plain of the one kind for belonging to agricultural plantation technology field.Method of the invention is for black imperial port low plain area, Spring Peanut is introduced between winter wheat and the crop rotation of summer corn, development is 2 years three ripe modes of Spring Peanut-winter wheat-summer maize system, can alleviate shortage of water resources, the problem of excessive exploitation of groundwater, and mitigate continuous cropping amplitude, soil texture is improved, culture fertility improves land utilization ratio, it is single also to can solve long-term cropping, constructs field-crop diversity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of ripe water-saving in black imperial port low plain area 2 years three
Alternating method.
Background technique
North China is the major grain producing area in China, but the anniversary distribution of black imperial port low plain regional precipitation is uneven,
It is largely focused on summer, winter-spring season drought, this is obviously unable to satisfy the winter wheat in traditional wheat jade rotation system
Water requirement, the mode whole year production are to result in the serious super of North China's underground water to consume underground water excessively as cost
It adopts.Therefore, crop mix is adjusted, development is harvested for one time each year or 2 years triple cropping modes have become local agricultural Model adjustment
Important directions.
Beans standing grain crop rotation is the important channel for developing sustainable agriculture and the marrow of China's traditional agriculture.Before beans standing grain mode
Stubble pulse family has fixed nitrogen effect, which is conducive to improve crop yield, improves resource utilization, increases Agricultural biodiversity
And reduce the use of insecticide.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), Rosales, pulse family, the annual herb plant of Arachis；Roots of Peanut
Portion raw a large amount of root nodules, the nitrogen in air can be fixed, the purity nitrogen 70% that peanut is fixed in life is utilized by peanut this season, 30%
It stays in soil, culture fertility；Drought Resistance in Peanut, resistance to ridge, it is resistance to it is fertile, adaptable, yield potential is big, play an important role in crop rotation.
Peanut is the important oil plant and industrial crops in North China or even China, is the main edible oil of people and vegetable protein sources,
Also it is important nutritional health food.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of black regional 2 years three ripe water-saving alternating methods of imperial port low plain, to
The problem of alleviation shortage of water resources, excessive exploitation of groundwater.
For this purpose, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of 2 years three ripe water-saving alternating methods in black imperial port low plain area, comprise the following steps that
(1) it sows peanut First Year April, does not pour pre-sowing water before sowing, spread fertilizer over the fields chlopyrifos and base manure, rotary tillage plays bed planting
Kind, after cover white clear mulch；
(2) it after peanut seeding 10-20 days, chooses film and puts seedling；After peanut seeding 30 days, by ground membrane removal；Peanut is carried out
Whole strain lasso management, growth period carry out field management；Peanut straw is removed after harvesting peanut；
(3) winter wheat is sowed before and after Cold Dew solar term, not basal dressing, grab moisture sowing after water before broadcasting moisture creating or rain, moisture creating
After earth's surface is dry, drilling is carried out within 2-4 days；Field management is carried out during wheat growth, guarantees winter wheat normal growth；Second year
Before and after Grain in Ear solar term, harvested；The wheat stubble of 18-23 ㎝ high is stayed after harvesting, removes stalk；
(4) after winter wheat harvest, summer corn is sowed, basal dressing, does not pour pre-sowing water；Before and after Autumnal Equinox solar term, harvested,
Stalk is removed after harvest.
In the above method, peanut seed is continuously dried 2-4 days before peanut seeding, and is mixed with peanut rhizobium inoculant
Kind.
In the above method, per kilogram peanut seed is dressed seed after diluting 500 times with 10ml nitragin.
In the above method, rotary tillage described in step (1), the method for bedder- planter includes: that rotary tillage depth is 20 ㎝, plays bed planting
Kind, the bunch planting on ridge, a height of 25 ㎝ in ridge, row spacing is 45 ㎝, and hill spacing is 20 ㎝, every bunch planting kind 4.
In the above method, film is chosen described in step (2) and puts seedling before daily 08:30 or after 16:30, or yin
It is carried out in it.
In the above method, the method for whole strain lasso management described in step (2) includes: the seedling stage in peanut, by every cave flower
It is estranged so that peanut is favoured earth's surface to 3 directions, so that directive breeding is grown；Row front and back is sealed to peanut, is 40 with a diameter
The bamboo circle of ㎝, set are pressed in the center portion of every cave peanut, 3 plants of peanuts are made to crawl respectively to 3 different directions in aerial growth.
In the above method, the method for field management described in step (2) includes: in peanut florescence in foliage-spray silicon
Fertilizer；After peanut plant height length to 30 ㎝ or after 6, first time in July heavy rain, paclobutrazol is sprayed.
In the above method, the method for spraying paclobutrazol is using foliar spray mode.
In the above method, the method for spraying paclobutrazol is to be sprayed with the paclobutrazol suspension that concentration is 100 ㎎ ㎏ -1
It applies, per hectare dosage is 750-800kg.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Method of the invention introduces Spring Peanut between winter wheat and the crop rotation of summer corn in Hei Longgang low plain area,
Development is 2 years three ripe modes of Spring Peanut-winter wheat-summer maize system, can alleviate shortage of water resources, the problem of excessive exploitation of groundwater,
And mitigates continuous cropping amplitude, improve soil texture, culture fertility improves land utilization ratio, moreover it is possible to which it is single to solve long-term cropping, structure
Build field-crop diversity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the time shaft schematic diagram of 2 years three ripe water-saving alternating methods of embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
For technology contents, the objects and the effects that technical solution is described in detail, carried out below in conjunction with specific embodiment
Explanation.The reagent and machine in embodiment are unless otherwise specified commercially available.
Embodiment 1
2016-2017 is opened in the China Agricultural University Wuqiao village experiment centre Qian Li Experimental Base (37 ° of 41 ' N, 116 ° of 37 ' E)
Exhibition test, time sequencing are as shown in Figure 1.
Spring Peanut select " spending 25 in Henan ", broadcast before with Hebei beneficial microorganism Technology Co., Ltd. produce peanut rhizobium inoculant into
Row seed dressing, per kilogram peanut species are dressed seed after diluting 500 times with 10ml nitragin.
Rain moisture creating is waited before broadcasting, was sowed on 04 17th, 2016, pre-sowing water is not poured before broadcasting, with 20% chlopyrifos granule
50㎏·hm-2Spread fertilizer over the fields the rotary tillage manually spread fertilizer over the fields base manure in native table and carry out 20 ㎝ depth with rotary cultivator, bedder- planter, on ridge
Bunch planting, a height of 25 ㎝ in ridge, row spacing be 45 ㎝, hill spacing be 20 ㎝, every bunch planting kind 4, after cover 80 ㎝ wide white clear plastics it is thin
Film.
At May 02nd, choose film and put seedling work, prevent peanut from occurring the phenomenon that by calcination during the growth process, choose film
Seedling work is put to carry out before daily 08:30 and after 16:30, or in cloudy environment.May 20 days, by ground membrane removal,
Eliminate white pollution, it should be noted that prevent from generating damage to plant when removing mulch.
Peanut is set to favour earth's surface, thus directive breeding by every cave peanut point to 3 directions in the seedling stage of peanut growth
Growth；Row front and back, the bamboo circle for being 40 ㎝ with a diameter are sealed to peanut, set is pressed in the center portion of every cave peanut, makes 3 plants of peanuts
It crawls respectively to 3 different directions in aerial growth.
In 07 month 07 peanut florescence in foliage-spray siliceous fertilizer, siliceous fertilizer uses the abundant limited public affairs of protozoa fertilizer in Yantai Laiyang
" abundant original " board siliceous fertilizer of department's production (fertilizer registration card number: face No. 2603 products of word and execute standards: Q/YHM001- by agricultural fertilizer (2006)
2009) it is sprayed with sprayer on peanut blade face after, taking stoste to dilute 500 times.
After 14 days 07 month descended heavy rain, it is watered with 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 500g to per hectare peanut
750 ㎏ (100 ㎎ ㎏ -1) are fitted into sprayer, and by manually carrying out foliar spray, control peanut prosperous growth makes peanut leaf thicken,
Leaf color deepens, and nutrient growth and reproductive growth are coordinated, and growing way is neat, improves field ventilation and penetrating light condition.
It manually harvests within September 15 days, removes stalk after harvest.
Winter wheat selects " Jimai 22 ", and pre-sowing water is poured before broadcasting, is sowed using seeding plough on October 13rd, 2016, wheat
15 ㎝ of line-spacing, 300 ㎏ hm of application rate-2；Rear field management is broadcast with locality, poured jointing water on 04 12nd, 2017, irrigation amount is about
50㎜；It is harvested using combine harvester on 06 03rd, 2017, removes wheat flour stalk after harvest.
Summer corn selects " Zheng Dan 958 ", waits rain moisture creating before broadcasting, is broadcast using seeder single grain fine sowing on 06 07th, 2017
Kind, 60 ㎝ of line-spacing, 24 ㎝ of spacing in the rows；Rear field management is broadcast with local；It is harvested using combine harvester on 09 14th, 2017,
Corn stover is removed after harvest, into winter slack.
Simultaneously using traditional Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation mode as control, based on the local average city 2015-2017
Field price, with wheat/peanut/corn (1.1/3/0.7) average price than the yield of winter wheat and Spring Peanut is converted to jade
Meter Dang Liang yield.In terms of calculated result, the equivalent yield highest of Spring Peanut is 22.6t hm-2；Use the water of equivalent Production rate
Divide in utilization efficiency, the water use efficiency highest of Spring Peanut, is 45.6 ㎏ hm-2mm-1。
The water consumption and yield result of the entire period of crop-rotation is as shown in table 1.
Each crop of 1 different land use patterns of table and period (2015-2017) yield, equivalent yield and water use efficiency
Note: F/Pe-W/M (winter slack/Spring Peanut-Winter Wheat/Summer Maize), W/M (Winter Wheat/Summer Maize) are to yield two crops a year
Multiple cropping continuous cropping cropping pattern；F is annual Natural Becreation.Equivalent yield be according to local average market price, with wheat/peanut/
The average price of corn (1.1/3/0.7) is than being converted to corn equivalent yield for the yield of winter wheat and spring-sown crops.Runic table
Show this season crop.
The above results show 2 years three ripe rotation systems of Spring Peanut-Winter Wheat/Summer Maize from yield and water-saving angle all
With promotional value.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of 2 years three ripe water-saving alternating methods in black imperial port low plain area, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps that
(1) it sows peanut First Year April, does not pour pre-sowing water before sowing, spread fertilizer over the fields chlopyrifos and base manure, rotary tillage, bedder- planter, after
Cover white clear mulch；
(2) it after peanut seeding 10-20 days, chooses film and puts seedling；After peanut seeding 30 days, by ground membrane removal；Whole strain is carried out to peanut
Lasso management, growth period carry out field management；Peanut straw is removed after harvesting peanut；
(3) winter wheat is sowed before and after Cold Dew solar term, not basal dressing, grab moisture sowing after water before broadcasting moisture creating or rain, moisture creating 2-4 days
After earth's surface is dry, drilling is carried out；Field management is carried out during wheat growth, guarantees winter wheat normal growth；Second year Grain in Ear
Before and after solar term, harvested；The wheat stubble of 18-23 ㎝ high is stayed after harvesting, removes stalk；
(4) after winter wheat harvest, summer corn is sowed, basal dressing, does not pour pre-sowing water；It before and after Autumnal Equinox solar term, is harvested, is harvested
Stalk is removed afterwards.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein continuously dried 2-4 days before peanut seeding to peanut seed, and
It is dressed seed with peanut rhizobium inoculant.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, per kilogram peanut seed dilutes 500 with 10ml nitragin
It dresses seed after times.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein rotary tillage described in step (1), the method packet of bedder- planter
Include: rotary tillage depth is 20 ㎝, and bedder- planter, the bunch planting on ridge, a height of 25 ㎝ in ridge, row spacing is 45 ㎝, and hill spacing is 20 ㎝, every bunch planting
Kind 4.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein choosing film described in step (2) puts seedling before daily 08:30
Or it is carried out after 16:30 or in the cloudy day.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method for whole strain lasso management described in step (2) includes:
Peanut is set to favour earth's surface by every cave peanut point to 3 directions in the seedling stage of peanut, so that directive breeding is grown；It is sealed to peanut
Row front and back, the bamboo circle for being 40 ㎝ with a diameter, set are pressed in the center portion of every cave peanut, make 3 plants of peanuts respectively to 3 differences
Direction crawl in aerial growth.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method for field management described in step (2) includes: in flower
Raw florescence is in foliage-spray siliceous fertilizer；After peanut plant height length to 30 ㎝ or after 6, first time in July heavy rain, multiple-effect is sprayed
Azoles.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the method for spraying paclobutrazol is using foliar spray side
Formula.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, it is 100 that the method for spraying paclobutrazol, which is with concentration,
The paclobutrazol suspension of ㎎ ㎏ -1 sprays, and per hectare dosage is 750-800kg.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111631094A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-08 | 宁夏农林科学院固原分院 | Efficient planting method for two-year-three-cropping in dry land |
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