CN110075854A - 一种整体式催化剂的制备及其应用方法 - Google Patents
一种整体式催化剂的制备及其应用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种面向“磁‑光‑热”耦合增强反应器的整体式催化剂制备及其应用方法。该催化剂的制备方法为:以泡沫铁、泡沫铝、泡沫铜等金属泡沫材料为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法将CeO2、BiVO4、WO3等光催化材料负载到金属泡沫表面上,再用沉积沉淀法将Fe‑FeOx、Cu‑CuOx、Ni‑NiOx、Co‑CoOx等助催化剂负载到上述催化材料表面,制备出整体式催化剂。该催化剂可在“磁‑光‑热”耦合增强反应器中应用于光催化CO2还原反应。本发明制备的整体式催化剂结构有利于三场耦合催化过程的工程应用,此外,整体式催化剂中泡沫金属不仅作为载体,还发挥着磁热效应和光热效应的作用,能够实现太阳能驱动CO2高效转化的目的,为CO2光催化还原生产烃的含氧衍生物提供一条新的理想途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种面向“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器的整体式催化剂制备及其应用,尤其是设计的整体式催化剂结构更加有利于三场耦合催化过程的工程应用。
背景技术
随着经济社会的迅速发展,人类活动消耗大量化石能源,导致大气中CO2的浓度持续高速增长。作为一种主要的温室气体,CO2浓度增长是目前全球变暖的主要原因,严重威胁着人类的生存和可持续发展。而另一方面,CO2也是宝贵的碳资源,对其进行有效捕集和利用,不但可以缓解温室效应所导致的各种环境问题,同时可以解决能源短缺所带来的社会问题。所以,研究太阳能驱动CO2转化利用具有十分重要的科学和现实意义。光催化还原CO2技术在近年来不断发展和突破,各种光催化材料层出不穷,但单一地利用光催化还原CO2仍然面临诸多问题:(1)CO2转化率低,产物选择性差;(2)半导体能势(光生电子和空穴电势)与CO2的还原电势不相匹配;(3)光催化CO2还原为多电子多步反应,反应动力学制约着光催化效率。为解决上述问题,越来越多的研究者逐渐将目光投向光-热耦合催化路线,利用光热协同作用,提高光催化效率。
针对传统光催化、热催化、光热协同催化CO2还原转化过程中能量转化的问题,“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器基于太阳光分频利用、“磁-光-热”三场耦合的方法,能够实现太阳能驱动CO2高效转化的目的,解决太阳光能量利用率低的问题。该反应器通过外加磁场改变催化剂表面反应物和产物的吸附、脱附以及活化性能,抑制光生电子和空穴的复合,提高光量子效率;通过交变磁场的磁热耦合作用,实现催化剂定点定位高效加热,提高反应性能,降低外场能耗。
基于“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器的优异特性,本发明构建了一种以泡沫铁、泡沫铝、泡沫铜等金属泡沫材料为载体的整体式催化剂结构,并将其应用于在“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器中的光催化CO2还原反应。整体式催化剂中泡沫金属不仅作为载体,还发挥着磁热效应和光热效应的作用,此外,这种整体式的催化剂结构更加有利于三场耦合催化过程的工程应用,为CO2光催化还原生产烃的含氧衍生物提供了一条新的理想途径。
发明内容
技术问题:本发明的目的是提供一种整体式催化剂的制备方法及其在“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器的应用方法,为CO2光催化还原生产烃的含氧衍生物提供了一条新的理想途径,本发明制备的整体式催化剂发挥着磁热效应和光热效应的作用,能够实现太阳能驱动CO2高效转化的目的。本发明制备的整体式催化剂结构有利于光催化CO2还原反应所需要的势能要求;有利于低频光子的光热转换;有利于高效磁感应加热;还有利于三场耦合催化过程的工程应用。
技术方案:本发明的一种整体式催化剂的制备方法,以金属泡沫材料为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法将光催化材料负载到金属泡沫表面上,再用沉积沉淀法将助催化剂负载到上述光催化材料表面,制备出整体式催化剂。
所述制备方法具的体操作步骤如下:
步骤1:光催化材料的制备:在室温下,将冰醋酸溶解到无水乙醇溶剂中,搅拌20~40min,记为溶液A,将草酸铈溶解到无水乙醇溶剂中,逐滴加入溶液A中,上述组分的质量比分别为:冰醋酸与无水乙醇的质量比为1:10~1:12、草酸铈与无水乙醇的质量比为1:5~1:10;滴加完毕后,持续搅拌5~8h,再置于暗处密封静置18~28h,最后得到均一、稳定的光催化材料;
步骤2:金属泡沫材料光催化剂的制备:将泡沫铁首先经过无水乙醇超声洗涤处理去除有机物以及其他杂质,再用去离子水洗涤3~5次,室温干燥后放入已制备好的光催化材料中浸渍10~15min,然后通过磁性分离缓慢取出,将多余的溶胶滤去后,在室温下晾置8~15h至干燥,最后于马弗炉中在400~600℃下焙烧40~80min,制得金属泡沫材料光催化剂;
步骤3:整体式催化剂的制备:取金属泡沫材料光催化剂溶解在去离子水中,搅拌10~15min,再加入硝酸铜,上述组分的质量比分别为:金属泡沫材料光催化剂与去离子水的质量比为1:12~1:20、硝酸铜与去离子水的质量比为1:6~1:20;然后在剧烈搅拌下加入2~5mol/L NaOH溶液,调节至pH值为7~8,继续搅拌8~15h,产物经多次洗涤并真空干燥后放入马弗炉中,在400~600℃下焙烧20~80min,得到整体式催化剂。
其中,所述的光催化材料为CeO2、BiVO4或WO3,制备方法只需在实验开始时加入相对应的金属盐前驱体溶液溶解在无水乙醇溶剂中即可。
所述的BiVO4的前驱体为硝酸铋和偏钒酸铵,WO3的前驱体为钨酸钠,CeO2的前驱体为草酸铈。
所述的助催化剂是Fe-FeOx、Cu-CuOx、Ni-NiOx或Co-CoOx中的任意一种。
所述的金属泡沫材料为泡沫铁、泡沫铝或泡沫铜中的任意一种。
本发明所述方法制备的整体式催化剂的应用为,将整体式催化剂样品均匀分散在石英棉上,置于“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器中,整体式催化剂与石英棉的质量比为1:5~1:8。在60~90mW/cm3氙灯照射下,将体积比例为5:95~10:90的CO2-Ar混合气,经过去离子水后通入反应釜,控制“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器压力为0.3~1.0 MPa,控调磁场强度在5~300kA/m,进行光催化CO2还原反应0.5~3h。
所述整体式催化剂满足“三个有利于”:(1)有利于光催化CO2还原反应所需要的势能要求;(2)有利于低频光子的光热转换;(3)有利于高效磁感应加热。此外,整体式催化剂中泡沫金属不仅作为载体,还发挥着磁热效应和光热效应的作用,这种整体式的催化剂结构更加有利于三场耦合催化过程的工程应用。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
(1)本发明方法的原料价格低廉、反应条件易控制,为CO2光催化还原生产烃的含氧衍生物提供了一条新的理想途径。
(2)本发明制备的整体式催化剂发挥着磁热效应和光热效应的作用,能够实现太阳能驱动CO2高效转化的目的。
(3)本发明制备的整体式催化剂结构有利于光催化CO2还原反应所需要的势能要求;有利于低频光子的光热转换;有利于高效磁感应加热;还有利于三场耦合催化过程的工程应用。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种整体式催化剂的制备方法,所述催化剂以以泡沫铁、泡沫铝、泡沫铜等金属泡沫材料为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法将CeO2、BiVO4、WO3等光催化材料负载到金属泡沫表面上,再用沉积沉淀法将Fe-FeOx、Cu-CuOx、Ni-NiOx、Co-CoOx等助催化剂负载到上述催化材料表面,制备出整体式催化剂,其具体操作步骤如下:
步骤1:光催化材料的制备:在室温下,将冰醋酸溶解到无水乙醇溶剂中,搅拌20~40min,记为溶液A,将草酸铈溶解到无水乙醇溶剂中,逐滴加入溶液A中,上述组分的质量比分别为:冰醋酸跟无水乙醇的质量比为1:10~1:12、草酸铈跟无水乙醇的质量比为1:5~1:10。滴加完毕后,持续搅拌5~8h,再置于暗处密封静置18~28h,最后得到均一、稳定的光催化材料;
步骤2:金属泡沫材料光催化剂的制备:将泡沫铁首先经过无水乙醇超声洗涤处理去除有机物以及其他杂质,再用去离子水洗涤3~5次,室温干燥后放入已制备好的光催化材料中浸渍10~15min,然后通过磁性分离缓慢取出,将多余的溶胶滤去后,在室温下晾置8~15h至干燥,最后于马弗炉中在400~600℃下焙烧40~80min,制得金属泡沫材料光催化剂;
步骤3:整体式催化剂的制备:取金属泡沫材料光催化剂溶解在去离子水中,搅拌10~15min,再加入硝酸铜,上述组分的质量比分别为:金属泡沫材料光催化剂跟去离子水的质量比为1:12~1:20、硝酸铜跟去离子水的质量比为1:6~1:20。然后在剧烈搅拌下加入2~5mol/L NaOH溶液,调节至pH值为7~8,继续搅拌8~15h,产物经多次洗涤并真空干燥后放入马弗炉中,在400~600℃下焙烧20~80min,得到整体式催化剂。
所述的光催化材料除CeO2外,还可以是BiVO4、WO3等氧化物,制备方法只需在开始时加入相对应的金属盐前驱体溶液(BiVO4的前驱体为硝酸铋和偏钒酸铵,WO3的前驱体为钨酸钠)溶解在无水乙醇溶剂即可。
所述的助催化剂可以是Fe-FeOx、Cu-CuOx、Ni-NiOx、Co-CoOx等物质中的任意一种。
所述的载体除泡沫铁外,还可以是泡沫铝、泡沫铜等金属泡沫材料。
本发明为CO2光催化还原生产烃的含氧衍生物提供了一条新的理想途径将整体式催化剂样品均匀分散在石英棉上,置于“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器中,整体式催化剂跟石英棉的质量比为1:5~1:8。在60~90mW/cm3氙灯照射下,将体积比例为5:95~10:90的CO2-Ar混合气,经过去离子水后通入反应釜,控制“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器压力为0.3~1.0MPa,控调磁场强度在5~300kA/m,进行光催化CO2还原反应0.5~3h。下面通过实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
光催化材料的制备:在室温下,将10mL冰醋酸溶解到100mL无水乙醇溶剂中,搅拌30min,记为溶液A,将10g草酸铈溶解到100ml无水乙醇溶剂中,将其逐滴加入A溶液,滴加完毕后持续搅拌6h,再置于暗处密封静置24h,得到均一、稳定的CeO2溶胶。
其他条件不变,仅改变加入的金属盐前驱体溶液(BiVO4的前驱体为硝酸铋和偏钒酸铵,WO3的前驱体为钨酸钠),可以得到不同金属氧化物。
实施例2
金属泡沫材料光催化剂的制备:将泡沫铁材料用无水乙醇超声洗涤20min,再用去离子水洗涤3次,室温干燥后放入已制备好的CeO2溶胶中浸渍12min,然后通过磁性分离缓慢取出,将多余的溶胶滤去,在室温下晾置12h至干燥,最后于马弗炉中在500℃下焙烧60min,制得泡沫铁基CeO2光催化剂。
其他条件不变,仅改变加入的泡沫材料载体,可以分别得到泡沫铁基光催化剂、泡沫铝基光催化剂、泡沫铜基光催化剂。
实施例3
整体式催化剂的制备:取5g上述光催化剂溶解在80mL去离子水中,搅拌10min,加入6g硝酸铜,再逐滴加入4mol/L NaOH溶液,调节至pH值为7左右,继续搅拌12h,产物经去离子水和乙醇依次洗涤3次后,在60℃下真空干燥9h后放入马弗炉中,在500℃下焙烧60min,得到整体式催化剂。
其他条件不变,仅改变助催化剂的前驱体溶液可以得到Fe-FeOx、Cu-CuOx、Ni-NiOx、Co-CoOx复合的整体式催化剂。
实施例4
将2g制备好的整体式催化剂样品均匀分散在15g石英棉上,置于“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器中,在84mW/cm3氙灯照射下,将体积比例为5:95的CO2-Ar混合气,经过40mL去离子水后通入反应釜,控制系统压力为0.5 MPa控调磁场强度在60kA/m,使反应器内磁性催化剂处于磁稳定状态,进行光催化CO2还原反应,产物由气相色谱仪检测分析。
实施例5
几种整体式催化剂催化性能见表1,反应条件同实施例4。
表1不同整体式催化剂光催化还原CO2性能比较
从表中可以看出,泡沫铁@Cu-CuOx/CeO2整体式催化剂对光催化CO2-H2O反应显示出最佳光催化活性,高效地将CO2转换为CO、CH3CH2OH以及CH3CHO。
Claims (7)
1.一种整体式催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:以金属泡沫材料为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法将光催化材料负载到金属泡沫表面上,再用沉积沉淀法将助催化剂负载到上述光催化材料表面,制备出整体式催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种整体式催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法具的体操作步骤如下:
步骤1:光催化材料的制备:在室温下,将冰醋酸溶解到无水乙醇溶剂中,搅拌20~40min,记为溶液A,将草酸铈溶解到无水乙醇溶剂中,逐滴加入溶液A中,上述组分的质量比分别为:冰醋酸与无水乙醇的质量比为1:10~1:12、草酸铈与无水乙醇的质量比为1:5~1:10;滴加完毕后,持续搅拌5~8h,再置于暗处密封静置18~28h,最后得到均一、稳定的光催化材料;
步骤2:金属泡沫材料光催化剂的制备:将泡沫铁首先经过无水乙醇超声洗涤处理去除有机物以及其他杂质,再用去离子水洗涤3~5次,室温干燥后放入已制备好的光催化材料中浸渍10~15min,然后通过磁性分离缓慢取出,将多余的溶胶滤去后,在室温下晾置8~15h至干燥,最后于马弗炉中在400~600℃下焙烧40~80min,制得金属泡沫材料光催化剂;
步骤3:整体式催化剂的制备:取金属泡沫材料光催化剂溶解在去离子水中,搅拌10~15min,再加入硝酸铜,上述组分的质量比分别为:金属泡沫材料光催化剂与去离子水的质量比为1:12~1:20、硝酸铜与去离子水的质量比为1:6~1:20;然后在剧烈搅拌下加入2~5mol/L NaOH溶液,调节至pH值为7~8,继续搅拌8~15h,产物经多次洗涤并真空干燥后放入马弗炉中,在400~600℃下焙烧20~80min,得到整体式催化剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种整体式催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的光催化材料为CeO2、BiVO4或WO3,制备方法只需在实验开始时加入相对应的金属盐前驱体溶液溶解在无水乙醇溶剂中即可。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种整体式催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的BiVO4的前驱体为硝酸铋和偏钒酸铵,WO3的前驱体为钨酸钠,CeO2的前驱体为草酸铈。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种整体式催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的助催化剂是Fe-FeOx、Cu-CuOx、Ni-NiOx或Co-CoOx中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种整体式催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的金属泡沫材料为泡沫铁、泡沫铝或泡沫铜中的任意一种。
7.一种如权利要求1所述方法制备的整体式催化剂的应用,其特征在于:将整体式催化剂样品均匀分散在石英棉上,置于“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器中,整体式催化剂与石英棉的质量比为1:5~1:8。在60~90mW/cm3氙灯照射下,将体积比例为5:95~10:90的CO2-Ar混合气,经过去离子水后通入反应釜,控制“磁-光-热”耦合增强反应器压力为0.3~1.0MPa,控调磁场强度在5~300kA/m,进行光催化CO2还原反应0.5~3h。
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