CN109983188A - 盖顶、包覆或护墙模块或设备 - Google Patents
盖顶、包覆或护墙模块或设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
描述了一种盖顶、包覆或护墙模块。所述模块包括下置区,当安装在建筑物表面上时,所述下置区适于被相邻的上覆模块的暴露区显著地覆盖。在所述下置区的下侧上形成多个突起。这些突起是用于将所述模块支撑在所述建筑物表面上以在所述模块与所述建筑物表面之间提供间隙的支脚,和/或在所述下置区的下侧上提供轮廓,以限定供空气在所述模块与所述建筑物表面之间流动的路径。每个突起由所述下置区的向下突出部分形成,在所述下置区的上侧具有对应的腔室,并且,所述腔室的形状被确定为防止或最小化水在所述腔室中的汇集。
Description
发明领域
本技术总体上涉及用于在建筑物表面上提供覆盖层的盖顶、包覆和/或护墙产品。
发明背景
环境问题和可持续性问题已经产生了对替代性或可再生能源系统的需求。太阳能是一种可再生能源,并且太阳能可以通过各种不同的方式来收集。一种是将太阳能转换为热能以加热流体,比如空气或水。另一种是使用光伏电池将太阳能转换为电能。适当大小的且适当安装的太阳能收集系统可以是获取能量需求的实际替代方案。
用于这些目的的传统产品的缺点在于,它们很重并且难以安装,许多不具有良好的耐久性和耐环境性,并且许多难以经济地批量生产。此外,传统产品可以使用穿透屋顶基材(比如盖顶瓦片或类似物)的紧固件附接至屋顶表面上。这样的紧固件穿透可能影响盖顶基材的耐风雨性。
盖顶表面和包覆表面倾向于在长时间暴露于阳光下之后变热,并且接着热量可能传递到建筑物内部。这可能增加空调和环境控制的费用。因此,还已知了多种不同的使热量偏转的方法,例如通过提供反射表面。
WO 2015/132756披露了一种太阳能热控制系统100,所述太阳能热控制系统由外包覆层构成,所述外包覆层与建筑物结构的基础支撑材料形成腔室。所述系统被配置用于通过从腔室抽取空气来收集来自太阳能的热量。
在本说明书中参考了专利说明书、其他外部文件、或其他信息来源,这通常是为了提供用于讨论本发明的特征的背景。除非另外明确声明,否则对这些外部文件的参考不应被解释为承认这些文件、或这些信息来源在任何管辖权内是现有技术或形成了本领域公共常识的一部分。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种盖顶、包覆或护墙设备、或者盖顶、包覆或护墙部件,所述设备或部件旨在至少部分地解决一个或多个前述问题、或者至少向公众提供有用的选择。
在第一方面,本发明涉及一种盖顶、包覆或护墙模块,包括:
下置区,当安装在建筑物表面上时,所述下置区适于被相邻的上覆模块的暴露区覆盖,
在所述下置区的下侧上形成的多个突起,其中,这些突起:
(i)是用于将所述模块支撑在所述建筑物表面上以在所述模块与所述建筑物表面之间提供间隙的支脚,和/或
(ii)在所述下置区的下侧上提供轮廓,以限定供空气在所述模块与所述建筑物表面之间流动的路径,
每个突起由所述下置区的向下突出部分形成,在所述下置区的上侧具有对应的腔室,
其中,所述腔室的形状被确定为防止或最小化水在所述腔室中的汇集。
在一些实施例中,当所述模块位于倾斜的建筑物表面上时,在所述腔室的基部(底部)与所述腔室的前部之间延伸的腔室表面是倾斜的,以允许水从所述腔室中流出。
在一些实施例中,每个突起是一个所述支脚,并且所述腔室的所述表面与所述支脚的基部之间的角度小于所述倾斜的建筑物表面的倾斜角。
在一些实施例中,每个突起是一个所述支脚,并且所述腔室的所述表面与同所述支脚的基部毗连的平面之间的角度小于所述倾斜的建筑物表面的倾斜角。
在一些实施例中,在所述模块位于所述建筑物表面上的情况下,所述腔室的所述表面与所述建筑物表面之间的角度小于所述倾斜的建筑物表面的倾斜角。
在一些实施例中,所述腔室的所述表面的角度小于30度、或小于25度、或小于20度、或小于15度、或者为10度至15度。
在一些实施例中,在所述腔室的基部与所述腔室的后部之间延伸的腔室表面的角度大于在所述腔室的基部与所述腔室的前部之间延伸的腔室表面的角度。
在一些实施例中,在所述腔室的所述基部与所述腔室的后部之间延伸的腔室表面、与在所述腔室的基部与所述腔室的前部之间延伸的表面之间的角度小于120度。
在一些实施例中,所述或这些角度是相对于所述腔室的从前到后中心线而言的。
在一些实施例中,所述腔室的宽度朝向所述腔室的前部减小,以使水呈漏斗状流向所述腔室的前部。
在一些实施例中,所述腔室的宽度在所述腔室的基部与所述腔室的前部之间减小。
在一些实施例中,在平面图中,所述腔室为大约泪滴形状,所述泪滴形状的顶部形成所述腔室的前部。
在一些实施例中,每个突起是一个所述支脚,并且所述支脚的基部包括支承在所述建筑物表面上的平坦部分。
在一些实施例中,所述腔室的对应基部包括平坦部分。
在一些实施例中,所述模块包括至少两排所述突起,并且其中,这些排在所述下置区的前部与后部之间偏移或交错。
在一些实施例中,这些突起创建了曲折路径以供空气在所述建筑物表面与所述模块之间流动。
在一些实施例中,所述模块是用于所述建筑物表面的下边缘处的起动器模块,所述模块基本上完全被相邻的盖顶、包覆或护墙模块的暴露区上覆。
在一些实施例中,所述模块包括暴露区,当安装在所述建筑物表面上时,所述暴露区适于覆盖相邻模块的下置区。
在一些实施例中,所述暴露区的上表面包括光伏电池或装置。
在一些实施例中,所述模块适于用作热能回收系统的一部分。
在一些实施例中,所述模块包括:
从所述暴露区延伸的突起,以用于提供面向所述暴露区的下表面的支承表面,以及
在所述下置区中的一个或多个位置细部,每一个位置细部用于接纳夹子,所述夹子包括舌部,在安装在建筑物表面上时,所述舌部适于被接纳在所述支承表面与相邻上覆模块的暴露区的下表面之间。
在第二方面,本发明在于一种盖顶、包覆或护墙设备,所述设备包括如上述任一项或多项所述的盖顶、包覆或护墙模块;以及可附接到所述下置区上以提供舌部的一个或多个夹子,所述舌部在安装在所述建筑物表面上时被接纳在支承表面与相邻上覆模块的暴露区的下表面之间。
在第三方面,本发明涉及一种用于从建筑物表面移除或回收热能的系统,所述系统包括:
一种盖顶、包覆或护墙组件,所述组件包括多个基本上覆盖所述建筑物表面的部分上覆模块,其中,每个模块是如上述任一项或多项所述的模块;以及适于引起空气流的风扇。
在第四方面,本发明在于一种盖顶、包覆或护墙模块,所述模块包括:
下置区,当安装在建筑物表面上时,所述下置区适于被相邻的上覆模块的暴露区覆盖,
支脚,所述支脚从所述下置区的下侧突出以在所述模块与所述建筑物表面之间提供间隙,每个支脚由所述下置区的向下突出部分形成,从而在所述下置区的上侧中形成对应的腔室,
其中,当所述模块位于倾斜的建筑物表面上时,在所述腔室的基部与所述腔室的前部之间延伸的腔室表面是倾斜的,以允许水从所述腔室中流出,从而防止或最小化水在所述腔室中的汇集。
相关术语、比如“下(lower)”或“底部(bottom)”、“上(upper)”或“顶部(top)”、“前部(front)”或“后部(back)”,在本文中可以用于描述一个元件与另一元件的关系,如附图中所展示的。应理解的是,相关术语旨在除了附图中所描绘的取向之外涵盖装置的不同取向。例如,如果其中一个附图中的装置或设备被翻转,则被描述为在其他元件的“下”侧上的元件将被定向为在其他元件的“上”侧上。因此,示例性术语“下”涵盖“下”和“上”两者的取向,取决于附图的特定取向。类似地,如果这些附图中的装置被翻转,被描述为在其他元件“下方”或“之下”的元件将被定向为在其他元件“上方”。因此,示例性术语“下方(below)”或“之下(beneath)”可以包括上方和下方的取向。此外,除非上下文另有所指,否则“前部”旨在是关于盖顶模块的“前部”而言,所述盖顶模块上覆在倾斜的建筑物表面的下方的相邻的盖顶模块上。
如在本文中所使用的,除非另外指明,否则术语“建筑物表面”是指建筑物的墙壁表面或顶表面等,例如外墙、屋顶、天花板等。在屋顶的背景下,建筑物表面典型地包括防水盖顶膜,所述防水盖顶膜附接到与屋顶屋檐相邻的屋顶板上,以防止屋顶板和建筑物内部受到风吹雨水或屋顶积水的损坏。屋顶板典型地由基础材料制成,比如胶合板。防水膜可以是本领域已知的许多防水盖顶膜中的任何一种,比如但不限于沥青防水膜、改性沥青盖顶膜、自粘盖顶膜或单层防水盖顶膜(例如,EPDM防水盖顶膜、PVC防水盖顶膜、TPO防水盖顶膜)。一种示例性膜片是Deck-ArmorTM屋顶保护(Roof Protection)、由新泽西韦恩州的GAF公司(GAF Corp.,Wayne,New Jersey)制造。
如在本文中所使用的,术语“盖顶”是指对建筑物屋顶表面进行保护性覆盖。在没有限制的情况下,这种保护性覆盖可以采用木瓦、瓦片、面板、混合材料、木板、板墙、模制品或板片的形式。
如在本文中所使用的,术语“包覆(cladding)”和/或“护墙(siding)”是指对建筑物的侧面或其他表面进行保护性覆盖。在没有限制的情况下,这种保护性覆盖层可以采用木瓦、瓦片、面板、混合材料、木板、板墙、模制品或板片的形式。
在没有限制的情况下,形成建筑物的屋顶、包覆层或护墙板的一部分的盖顶、包覆和/或护墙模块可以包括一个或多个木瓦、瓦片、面板、混合材料、木板、板墙、模制品或板片或这些之一的一部分。例如,在一些实施例中,包覆或护墙模块可以是挡风雨板墙,并且盖顶模块可以是瓦片或木瓦。在优选实施例中,盖顶、包覆或护墙模块由聚合材料或多种材料(可以是以层为单位的)模制而成。每个模制的聚合物模块优选包括多个三维或更多维的成型表面,这些成型表面在没有焊接线或折射模制点的情况下相连。每个成型表面是沿着模块长度的模制段。在一些实施例中,每个形成的段可以对应于连续成形机的单个模具或模型。在一些实施例中,一种或多种聚合物材料选自由以下各项构成的组:聚碳酸酯、发泡聚碳酸酯、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、热塑性烯烃(TPO)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈树脂(SAN)、热塑性橡胶、以及任何其他无定形或结晶聚合物或聚合物组合。在一些实施例中,一种或多种聚合物材料是阻燃的。在一些实施例中,一种或多种聚合物材料是防风雨、防冰雹、防紫外线、防撕裂、防发霉和抗冲击性。在一些实施例中,盖顶、包覆或护墙模块可以由金属、复合材料、纤维水泥、玻璃纤维、混凝土、粘土、木材和/或沥青形成。
如在本文中所使用的,术语“成型”和/或“使具有轮廓”是指具有一个或多个区,所述区在沿着产品的纵向轴线的想象平面表面上方或下方延伸。这包括仅对一个上表面或下表面进行成型或使其具有轮廓,和/或对材料整个厚度的进行成型或使其具有轮廓,使得上表面和下表面在想象平面表面上方或下方具有相同的相对延伸度。
如在本文中所使用的,术语“聚合物(polymer)”(和相关联术语,比如“聚合体(polymeric)”)包括聚合物、聚合物共混物、以及具有或不具有添加剂包含物的聚合物。
如在本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的,术语“包括(comprising)”是指“至少部分地由……组成”。在解释本说明书和权利要求书中的包括术语“包括(comprising)”的每一个表述时,还可以存在除了该术语前述的那个或那些之外的特征。以相同的方式来解释相关的术语,如“包括(comprise和comprises)”。
在此的意图是提及本文披露的数字范围(例如,1至10)同样结合了对于在该范围内的所有的有理数(例如,1、1.1、2、3、3.9、4、5、6、6.5、7、8、9以及10)以及在该范围的任何有理数范围(例如,2至8、1.5至5.5以及3.1至4.7)的提及,并且因此本文明确披露的所有范围的所有子范围均在此明确地进行了披露。这些仅是特定地预期的实例,并且在最低值与最高值之间的数值的所有可能组合被认为是以类似的方式在本申请中清楚地指出。
除非另有说明,否则单数形式“一(a)”,“一个(an)”和“该(the)”包括复数形式。例如,对“装置”的提及包括多个装置。
如在本文中所使用的,术语“和/或”是指“和”或“或”或两者。
如在本文中所使用的,名词之后的“(s)”是指名词的复数和/或单数形式。
对于本发明所涉及的领域内的那些普通技术人员而言,在本发明的结构上的许多改变以及多种极为不同的实施例和应用将自我显现而不背离所附权利要求书中定义的本发明的范围。在此的披露和说明完全是说明性的,并不是旨在以任何意义进行限制。
本发明在于前述内容、并且还设想了多种构建,下文仅给出这些构建的实例。
附图说明
仅通过举例方式并且参照这些附图来说明本发明的优选实施例,在附图中:
图1是太阳能热系统的示意性图示。
图2A至2E示出了包括盖顶模块的盖顶设备,该盖顶模块包括具有用于固定上覆模块的前边缘的夹子。图2A示出了顶视透视图、图2B示出了底视透视图、图2C示出了俯视图、图2D示出了底视图、并且图2E示出了后视图。
图3是用于形成屋顶或盖顶膜的多个上覆(overlapping)盖顶模块的侧视图。
图4是图2A至图2C的盖顶模块和夹子的横截面侧视图。
图5示出了具有夹子的“起动器”模块的各个视图,所述夹子用于将上覆模块固定在建筑物表面的下边缘处。
具体实施方式
太阳能热系统在图1中被示为屋顶设施。然而,包括包覆层或外部膜的太阳能热系统可以安装或联接至建筑物或结构的任何基础支撑材料(例如,墙壁、屋顶等)上,以在所述结构处收集太阳能。
所述太阳能热系统可以包括太阳能收集器,所述太阳能收集器由与建筑物结构的基础支撑材料形成腔室的外包覆层或外部膜(例如,一个或多个盖顶模块)组成。所述系统被配置用于通过从腔室抽取空气来收集来自太阳能的热量。所述太阳能热系统还包括热收集单元(例如,热盒),所述热收集单元可以安装在外部膜下方并且连接至腔室上以从所述腔室收集空气流并进行引导。所述系统还可以包括管道(即,管道系统)以在太阳能热系统内引导空气的流动。本文中描述的系统提供了以下额外的益处:在温暖季节期间通过减少进入建筑物或其他相关联结构中的热负荷、并且在寒冷季节期间减少在建筑物或其他结构中产生的热能的逸出而提供建筑物效率(例如,能量效率)。
参照图1,示出了太阳能热控制系统100。系统100可以被配置用于形成建筑物或其他结构的最外(例如,最顶)表面。系统100包括盖顶膜102,所述盖顶膜被配置用于覆盖相关联建筑物的基础支撑材料112(例如,建筑纸、胶合板、干砌墙等)。盖顶膜102可以至少部分地由防风雨材料制成,以保护结构(包括基础材料112)免受这些元素的影响。盖顶膜102的最外表面可以由被配置用于吸收阳光的材料制成,例如太阳能面板。在示例性实施例中,盖顶膜102由多个上覆区段(例如,盖顶模块、瓦片、木瓦等)制成,如图3中所示。
盖顶膜102被配置用于形成腔室108以供空气在膜102与基础材料112之间流动。在示例性实施例中,腔室108内的空气被由盖顶膜102捕获的阳光(即,太阳能)加热。热空气从腔室108被抽入到热能收集单元(被示为盒104)中。图1的箭头展示了热空气的示例性路径。盒104流体地连接至腔室108上、并且被配置用于接收来自腔室108的热空气。
空气从热能收集单元104被引导至建筑物(根据图1向下)中以用于加热建筑物内的水或环境,或者空气经由系统100的通气脊部106而排放到外部空气中。在该实施例或其他实施例中,空气还可以以其他方式从建筑物排出(例如,经由管道排出至外墙、比如山墙端)。通气脊部106被配置用于覆盖盖顶膜102的一部分、并且提供至少一个抽气点(被示为开口114)以使过量的热空气从系统100(例如,从盒104)排放。在其他实施例中,系统100可以包括任何数量的抽气口(例如,开口、排放区域等)。抽气口的数量可以取决于屋顶或相关联建筑物的大小和/或形状、和/或热控制系统100的特定应用。可以提供风扇来将空气抽入或推入腔室,和/或从盒104中抽出空气。
现在参照图2A至图2E,示出了盖顶、包覆或护墙设备20。在该实施例中,两个或更多个盖顶设备20可以组合(例如,联接、堆叠、重叠等)以形成用于系统100的盖顶膜102或另一类似的外包覆层或覆盖层,如图3中所示。每个盖顶、包覆或护墙设备包括盖顶、包覆或护墙模块200。每个模块200包括下置区段202(例如,底部区段、下区段等)和上覆区段204(例如,顶部区段、上区段等)。区段202和区段204可以由类似的材料制成、并且优选地一体地形成为单一整体构件。在示例性实施例中,区段202和区段204具有类似的尺寸(包括类似的面积),使得区段202和区段204重叠以形成膜102。
每个模块可以通过紧固件(例如钉子或螺钉)固定至建筑物表面(比如,屋顶表面)上,所述紧固件在所述模块的下置区或固定区中被施加穿过所述模块。优选地,紧固件被施加穿过下置区,使得紧固件不穿透模块的暴露上覆区,由此使盖顶、包覆或护墙设备不太可能发生泄漏。在一些实施例中,下置区可以被预先形成为具有紧固件孔,或者可以包括用于定位或支撑穿透模块的紧固件的标记。
优选地,模块的暴露区也紧固至建筑物表面上,以确保模块适当地紧固至建筑物上。优选地,暴露区的前边缘或前边缘部分紧固至建筑物表面,以防止由于风将模块的前边缘吹离或远离基础模块而导致的对模块的损坏。
为了将模块的暴露区紧固至建筑物表面上,根据一些实施例的盖顶、包覆或护墙设备包括一个或多个夹子208。每个夹子208将相邻的上覆模块200的暴露区204紧固至下置模块200。每个夹子可以位于下置区202上的位置细部内。当下置模块紧固至建筑物表面上时,上覆模块的暴露区204经由下置模块紧固至建筑物表面上。在一些实施例中,夹子通过延伸穿过下置模块的下置区段202的紧固件(例如,钉子或螺钉,未示出)紧固至建筑物表面上,上覆模块的暴露区204通过夹子208和延伸穿过下置模块的紧固件紧固至建筑物表面上。因此,紧固件和夹子将下置模块和上覆模块在建筑物表面的单一位置处紧固至建筑物表面上。
如在图4中最佳所示,每个夹子208提供舌部209,以被接纳在相邻的上覆模块200的暴露区204的相应凹槽210中。在一些实施例中,模块包括从暴露区202的下表面向后延伸的突起或唇部211。唇部211在唇部211与暴露区204的下表面212之间提供凹槽或通道210。在一些实施例中,凹槽或通道210朝向模块的后部开放,以接纳夹子208的向前延伸舌部209。
为了将模块200紧固至建筑物表面上,可以提供具有下置区202且不具有上覆区的“起动器模块”。图5中展示了起动器模块300。起动器模块300可以在建筑物表面112的下边缘处固定至表面112(例如盖顶表面)上。在建筑物表面之上的下一排模块中施加了模块200,其上覆区段204上覆在起动器模块300上,并且其前边缘215经由夹子208紧固至起动器模块上。
模块200、300的下置区段202包括突起206。一些突起可以形成支脚206,所述支脚被配置为搁置在相关联建筑物的基础材料112(或另一外表面)上,以将下置区段202的其余部分升高高于基础材料112一定距离。当支脚206搁置在基础材料112上时,在下置区段202与基础材料112之间(即,围绕支脚206或在其间)形成腔室108。
支脚206的高度可以与穿过腔室108的既定空气流相关,其中较大的高度产生较大的空气流。在示例性实施例中,突起206的大小和形状被确定为在盖顶模块200与基础材料112之间提供大约20毫米的空气间隙(例如,其中,支脚206和/或腔室具有大约20毫米的高度)。空气间隙(例如,腔室108)旨在允许将空气从某个区段(例如,盖顶模块200)或整个屋顶(例如,膜102)抽取到居中定位的热收集单元(例如,盒104)。然而,建筑物结构的屋顶可以包含多个收集单元以优化热能产量。例如,太阳能热能可以从第一屋顶表面收集并且被引导(例如,经由具有管道和阻尼器的系统)至第二屋顶表面以融化第二屋顶表面上的雪。在另一实施例中,可以利用屋顶表面中的第一屋顶表面或区段来进行水加热,并且可以利用屋顶表面中的第二屋顶表面或区段来进行空间加热。
在一些实施例中,一些突起206可以不用作支脚,而是可以被提供用于扰乱或引导穿过腔室的空气流。例如,一些突起206可以用作支脚、并且还可以用作引导空气流的突起,并且一些突起206可以仅用于引导空气流,而不从建筑物表面支撑模块200。在一些实施例中,如在图2C和图2D中最佳展示的,这些突起206可以以交错的排来提供,从而提供用于使空气流向上流到建筑物表面与膜之间的腔室的曲折路径。
下置区段202可以包括适于系统100的特定应用的任何数量的支脚206。例如,如果需要较大的空气流穿过腔室108,则下置区段202可以包括较少的突起206(即,以在腔室108内产生更大的空气空间)。如果盖顶模块200由特别重的材料制成、或者定位在屋顶的相对高的步行通过(foot-traffic)区域中,则下置区段202还可以包括更多的突起206(即,以支撑突起200的重量)、或(例如,以支撑屋顶上的任何维修人员或其他人员的重量)。这些突起206可以大约等间距地布置在整个下置区段202上,以将下置区段202升高高于基础材料112适当距离并形成腔室108。
每个突起206由下置区202的向下突出部分形成,在下置区202的上侧213具有对应的腔室214。如果水可能到达上覆区的暴露区204与下置模块的下置区之间,例如在极端天气条件下,水可能被向上引导到屋顶表面,则水可以聚集或汇集在模块的上表面的腔室中。因此,根据本发明,每个腔室的形状被确定为防止或最小化水在腔室中的汇集。如图3A中所示,盖顶膜102特别被配置用于倾斜或成角度的屋顶(相对于地平线)。每个腔室的形状优选地被确定为防止或最小化水在针对特定倾斜角的建筑物表面的腔室中的汇集。在模块以一定角度定位成使得模块的前部215在模块的后部220下方的情况下,腔室的形状被确定为使得水从腔室朝向模块的前部排出或流出。
参照图4,腔室214具有基部或底部218。腔室的深度在腔室的基部或底部处最大。根据一些实施例,腔室的在腔室的基部218与腔室的前部之间延伸的表面219是倾斜的,以允许在模块位于倾斜的建筑物表面上时水从腔室流出。形成用于从建筑物表面112支撑模块200的支脚的突起206包括与建筑物表面接触的底部或基部217。支脚206的基部217优选地包括支承在建筑物表面112上的平坦部分。相应地,腔室的基部218可以是平坦的。在一些实施例中,腔室214的表面219与支脚的基部217之间的角度As小于倾斜的建筑物表面112(相对于地平线)的倾斜角Ai,使得水从腔室214朝向模块的前部215排出。多个支脚206的基部217在平面上是毗连的,使得它们都接触建筑物表面112以支撑模块。腔室214的表面219与同支脚的基部217毗连的平面之间的角度As小于倾斜的建筑物表面的倾斜角Ai。在模块200位于倾斜的建筑物表面112上的情况下,腔室的表面219与建筑物表面112之间的角度As小于倾斜的建筑物表面的倾斜角度Ai。在一些实施例中,上述角度As小于30度、或小于25度、或小于20度、或小于15度、或者为10度至15度。例如,小于15度的角度As允许实现允许水从腔室排出的、15度的最小屋顶倾斜角Ai。在一个实施例中,角度As为约11度。
在一些实施例中,腔室214的、在腔室214的基部218与腔室的后部222(图2C)之间延伸的表面223的角度Ar大于所述腔室的在腔室的基部218与腔室的前部221(图2C)之间延伸的表面219的角度As。在一些实施例中,在腔室的表面223(在腔室的基部218与腔室的后部222之间延伸)与表面219(在腔室的基部218与腔室的前部221之间延伸)之间的角度小于120度。
图4的截面是沿着腔室214之一的中心线截取的。因此,上述角度As和Ar可以相对于所述腔室的从前到后中心线而言的。
如在图2C的平面图中最佳所示,在一些实施例中,腔室214的宽度朝向腔室的前部减小,使得腔室将水呈漏斗状流向腔室的前部221。腔室的宽度在腔室214的基部218与腔室的前部221之间减小。如图所示,在一些实施例中,在平面图中腔室为大约泪滴形状,泪滴形状的顶部221形成腔室214的前部221。
在一些实施例中,模块200可以在系统中适用于用太阳能来生成电能。这样的产品通常被称为建筑物一体化光伏产品(“BIPV”)。光伏电池系列或阵列可以承载在模块200的暴露区204上,使得它们在安装在建筑物表面112上时捕获光子。例如,能量生成模块可包括一个或多个模制材料层、连接的光伏电池的太阳能电池阵列层、以及可选的透明表面层压层。所述能量生成模块还可以包括将层粘合/封装/连接到PV层的前部和/或后部上,并且还可以包含用于阻止PV层被腐蚀的层,例如聚乙烯、EFTE等。安装在模块上的光伏电池可以成排地布置,并经由延伸了整个模块长度的两个母线条相连;一个母线条延伸穿越电池的上边缘,并且一个母线条延伸穿越下边缘,使得每个模块只需要单一电气接头来连接到安装时的主电源输出。另一种选择是在成形工艺期间将母线条材料整体模制到模块中。这些模块可以被模制成适应光伏系统的各个部件。例如,如图2A中所示,下置区的上表面可以包括通道224,所述通道被配置用于接纳光伏阵列的电缆或电线。此外,下置区的上表面还可以包括已形成腔室,所述已形成腔室被配置用于接纳光伏阵列的接线盒、印刷电路板(PCB)、通信装置、电缆、电线、母线、部件、电池或二极管、以及类似物。因此,这些模块可以包含为了连接和调节PV电池所需的所有硬件和软件。在WO 2013/081477中描述了示例热能回收模块和包括用于电能生成的太阳能电池阵列的模块、以及用于制造此类模块的连续成形工艺的方法,所述文件通过援引并入本文。
本发明的以上描述包括其优选形式。可以在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下对本发明作出修改。
Claims (24)
1.一种盖顶、包覆或护墙模块,包括:
下置区,当安装在建筑物表面上时,所述下置区适于被相邻的上覆模块的暴露区显著地覆盖,
在所述下置区的下侧上形成的多个突起,其中,这些突起:
(i)是用于将所述模块支撑在所述建筑物表面上以在所述模块与所述建筑物表面之间提供间隙的支脚,和/或
(ii)在所述下置区的下侧上提供轮廓,以限定供空气在所述模块与所述建筑物表面之间流动的路径,
每个突起由所述下置区的向下突出部分形成,在所述下置区的上侧具有对应的腔室,
其中,所述腔室的形状被确定为防止或最小化水在所述腔室中的汇集。
2.如权利要求1所述的模块,其中,当所述模块位于倾斜的建筑物表面上时,在所述腔室的基部(底部)与所述腔室的前部之间延伸的腔室表面是倾斜的,以允许水从所述腔室中流出。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的模块,其中,每个突起是一个所述支脚,并且所述腔室的所述表面与所述支脚的基部之间的角度小于所述倾斜的建筑物表面的倾斜角。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的模块,其中,每个突起是一个所述支脚,并且所述腔室的所述表面与同所述支脚的基部毗连的平面之间的角度小于所述倾斜的建筑物表面的倾斜角。
5.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的模块,其中,在所述模块位于所述建筑物表面上的情况下,所述腔室的所述表面与所述建筑物表面之间的角度小于所述倾斜的建筑物表面的倾斜角。
6.如权利要求2至5中任一项所述的模块,其中,所述腔室的所述表面的角度小于30度、或小于25度、或小于20度、或小于15度、或者为10度至15度。
7.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的模块,其中,在所述腔室的基部与所述腔室的后部之间延伸的腔室表面的角度大于在所述腔室的基部与所述腔室的前部之间延伸的腔室表面的角度。
8.如权利要求7所述的模块,其中,在所述腔室的所述基部与所述腔室的后部之间延伸的腔室表面、与在所述腔室的基部与所述腔室的前部之间延伸的表面之间的角度小于120度。
9.如权利要求2至8中任一项所述的模块,其中,该或这些角度是相对于所述腔室的从前到后中心线而言的。
10.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的模块,其中,所述腔室的宽度朝向所述腔室的前部减小,以使水呈漏斗状流向所述腔室的前部。
11.如权利要求10所述的模块,其中,所述腔室的宽度在所述腔室的基部与所述腔室的前部之间减小。
12.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的模块,其中,在平面图中,所述腔室为大约泪滴形状,所述泪滴形状的顶部形成所述腔室的前部。
13.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的模块,其中,每个突起是一个所述支脚,并且所述支脚的基部包括支承在所述建筑物表面上的平坦部分。
14.如权利要求13所述的模块,其中,所述腔室的对应基部包括平坦部分。
15.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的模块,其中,所述模块包括至少两排所述突起,并且其中,这些排在所述下置区的前部与后部之间偏移或交错。
16.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的模块,其中,这些突起创建了曲折路径以供空气在所述建筑物表面与所述模块之间流动。
17.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的模块,其中,所述模块是用于所述建筑物表面的下边缘处的起动器模块,所述模块基本上完全被相邻的盖顶、包覆或护墙模块的暴露区从上覆盖。
18.如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的模块,其中,所述模块包括暴露区,当安装在所述建筑物表面上时,所述暴露区适于覆盖相邻模块的下置区。
19.如权利要求18所述的模块,其中,所述暴露区的上表面包括光伏电池或装置。
20.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的模块,其中,所述模块适于用作热能回收系统的一部分。
21.如权利要求18或19所述的模块,包括:
从所述暴露区延伸的突起,以用于提供面向所述暴露区的下表面的支承表面,以及
在所述下置区中的一个或多个位置细部,每一个位置细部用于接纳夹子,所述夹子包括舌部,在安装在建筑物表面上时,所述舌部适于被接纳在所述支承表面与相邻上覆模块的暴露区的下表面之间。
22.一种包括如以上权利要求中任一项所述的盖顶、包覆或护墙模块的盖顶、包覆或护墙设备,所述设备包括:
可附接到所述下置区上以提供舌部的一个或多个夹子,所述舌部在安装在所述建筑物表面上时被接纳在支承表面与相邻上覆模块的暴露区的下表面之间。
23.一种用于从建筑物表面移除或回收热能的系统,所述系统包括:
一种盖顶、包覆或护墙组件,所述组件包括多个基本上覆盖所述建筑物表面的部分上覆模块,其中,每个模块是如权利要求1至21中任一项所述的模块;以及
适于引起空气流的风扇。
24.一种盖顶、包覆或护墙模块,包括:
下置区,当安装在建筑物表面上时,所述下置区适于被相邻的上覆模块的暴露区显著地覆盖,
支脚,所述支脚从所述下置区的下侧突出以在所述模块与所述建筑物表面之间提供间隙,每个支脚由所述下置区的向下突出部分形成,从而在所述下置区的上侧中形成对应的腔室,
其中,当所述模块位于倾斜的建筑物表面上时,在所述腔室的基部与所述腔室的前部之间延伸的腔室表面是倾斜的,以允许水从所述腔室中流出,从而防止或最小化水在所述腔室中的汇集。
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- 2017-10-12 CN CN201780064018.XA patent/CN109983188B/zh active Active
- 2017-10-12 EP EP17862727.9A patent/EP3526419B1/en active Active
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AU2017345370B2 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
US20190238090A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 |
AU2017345370A1 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
EP3526419A4 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
JP7046929B2 (ja) | 2022-04-04 |
EP3526419B1 (en) | 2024-08-28 |
EP3526419A1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
US10879842B2 (en) | 2020-12-29 |
JP2019532199A (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
CN109983188B (zh) | 2021-11-26 |
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