CN1099593C - 高效液体色谱用填充剂 - Google Patents

高效液体色谱用填充剂 Download PDF

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CN1099593C
CN1099593C CN96199055.4A CN96199055A CN1099593C CN 1099593 C CN1099593 C CN 1099593C CN 96199055 A CN96199055 A CN 96199055A CN 1099593 C CN1099593 C CN 1099593C
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织田博史
尾田阳子
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用具有分离能力的物质包覆载体的高效液体色谱用的填充剂,由于其中留有部分的涂料溶剂,而使该填充剂的分离功能的偏差达到最少,并使其性能得到充分发挥。

Description

高效液体色谱用填充剂
本发明涉及高效液体色谱用的填充剂,该填充剂特别是在旋光异构体分离领域具有优异的分离能力,其分离的偏差很少。
目前有许多高效液体色谱用的填充剂,例如:本身具有分离能力的粒状(粉碎的或珠粒状的)物质的填充剂;含有与载体化学键合的物质的填充剂;以及载体用这样的物质包覆的填充剂。特别是在旋光异物体分离领域,在许多情况下实际上使用的填充剂载体是用能拆分旋光异构体的旋光活性物质包覆的。这些已知填充剂的例子包括:载体用旋光活性冠醚作为低分子化合物包覆的填充剂(JP-A62-210053);载体用旋光活性甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯这种合成聚合物包覆的填充剂(JP-A57-150432);载体用三乙酸纤维素酯这种多糖衍生物包覆的填充剂(JP-A60-80858);载体用苯甲酸纤维素酯包覆的填充剂(JP-A60-40952),以及载体用苯基氨基甲酸纤维素酯包覆的填充剂(JP-A60-108751)。这些填充剂凭借其高光学分辨能力而被商品化,并得到广泛使用。
然而,用这些填充剂填充的柱子,即使用相同的填充剂填充,有时拆分性能也会产生很大差别。当拆分某些外消旋化合物时,该填充剂的不同生产批料,有时拆分性能很好,而有时很差。特别是制剂(或等分试样)如果分离能力差,就不得不采用低效拆分操作,例如降低流动相进入柱子的流速,或者降低样品进料速度。
为了解决上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种载体用具有分离能力的物质包覆的高效色谱用填充剂,该填充剂的效率可从几乎没有偏差的拆分能力来充分体现。
本发明人进一步研究结果发现,载体用具有分离能力的物质包覆的高效色谱用的填充剂,其分离能力受留在填充剂内的涂料溶剂含量的影响。本发明就是在此基础上完成的。
本发明提供一种高效液体色谱用的填充剂,其中的载体用具有分离能力的物质包覆,并且部分涂料溶剂留在其中。
具有分离能力的物质优选的是:有旋光活性的甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯聚合物;旋光活性的甲基丙烯酰胺聚合物或多糖衍生物;具有分离能力的多糖衍生物;具有分离能力的多糖的酯衍生物、氨基甲酸酯衍生物或醚衍生物;或者是具有分离能力的多糖的芳族酯衍生物。
更优选的具有分离能力的物质是多糖的芳族酯衍生物,其中多糖的羟基平均30-100%被下式(I)所示的基团取代:
式中R1到R5各自为氢原子、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C6-C14芳基、或卤原子。
在这些具有分离能力的物质中,优选三(4-甲基苯甲酸)纤维素酯。
优选的涂料溶剂是低沸点溶剂与高沸点溶剂的混合物,留在填充剂内的低沸点溶剂量至多1.5%重量,而留在填充剂内的高沸点溶剂量为15-19%重量。
多糖的氨基甲酸酯衍生物或多糖的芳族氨基甲酸酯衍生物也是优选的具有分离能力的物质。
更优选的具有分离能力的物质是多糖的芳族氨基甲酸酯衍生物,其中多糖的羟基平均30-100%被下式(II)所示的基团取代:
Figure C9619905500052
式中R1-R5各自为氢原子、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C6-C14芳基或卤原子。
在这些具有分离能力的物质中,优选三(4-氯代苯基氨基甲酸)纤维素酯。
优选涂料溶剂的残留量为4-22%重量,该涂料溶剂优选是丙酮,二氯甲烷,四氢呋喃或二噁烷。
理想的低沸点溶剂和高沸点溶剂分别是二氯甲烷和苯甲酸甲酯,其残留的溶剂量为10-25%重量。
本发明还提供一种用高效液体色谱分离旋光异物体的方法,其中使用的填充剂的载体用具有分离能力的物质包覆,并且部分溶剂留在其中;同时提供一种用填充剂填充的高效液体色谱柱,其中填充剂的载体用具有分离能力的物质包覆,并且部分溶剂留在其中。
本发明中任何物质均可用作具有分离能力的物质,只要它具有分离液体混合物的能力。这些物质包括旋光活性的甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯聚合物、光学活性的(甲基)丙烯酰胺聚合物、和多糖衍生物,其中优选的是多糖衍生物。
任何多糖均可用作多糖衍生物的原料,不管它是否是合成多糖、天然多糖或改性的天然多糖,只要它具有旋光活性即可。尽管如此,优选具有高规整度键合方式的多糖。多糖的例子包括β-1,4-葡聚糖(纤维素)、α-1,4-葡聚糖(直链淀粉,支链淀粉)、α-1,6-葡聚糖、β-1,4-半乳聚糖、β-1,6-葡聚糖(石脐素)、β-1,3-葡聚糖(如curdlan,裂裥菌素)、α-1,3-葡聚糖、β-1,4-甘露聚糖、α-1,6-甘露聚糖、β-1,2-果聚糖(旋复花粉)、β-2,6-果聚糖(左聚糖)、β-1,4-木聚糖、β-1,4-脱乙酰壳多糖、β-1,4-N-乙酰壳多糖(壳多糖)、支链淀粉、琼脂糖和藻酸。其它例子包括含有直链淀粉的淀粉和环糊精如环多糖。特别优选的是β-1,4-葡聚糖(纤维素),α-1,4-葡聚糖(直链淀粉,支链淀粉),β-1,4-脱乙酰壳多糖,β-1,4-N-乙酰壳多糖(壳多糖),β-1,4-甘露聚糖,β-1,4-木聚糖,旋复花粉,curdlan,和环糊精,因为它们都很容易以高纯多糖的形式得到。多糖的数均聚合度(即一个分子中含有吡喃糖环或呋喃糖环的平均数)至少为2,最好至少为5,上限没有特别的限制,但是为便于操作,最好至多为500。
用于本发明的多糖衍生物的种类包括酯衍生物、氨基甲酸酯衍生物和醚衍生物,其中,优选酯衍生物和氨基甲酸酯衍生物。更优选的是芳族酯衍生物和芳族氨基甲酸酯衍生物。
用于形成酯的醇与酰氯或与酰溴的常规反应可用于多糖的芳族酯衍生物的合成反应,例如,在路易斯碱(如叔胺)存在下,在合适的溶剂中,多糖与相应的酰氯或酰溴反应能得到多糖芳族酯衍生物。
用于形成氨基甲酸酯的醇与异氰酸酯的常规反应可用于多糖芳族氨基甲酸酯的合成反应,例如,在合适溶剂中,用路易斯碱(如叔胺)或路易斯酸(如锡化合物)作催化剂,多糖与含有相应芳环的异氰酸酯反应便可获得多糖芳族氨基甲酸酯衍生物。同时,例如用相应的苯氨衍生物的氨基与光气反应很容易合成异氰酸酯。
用于本发明的载体是任何有机或无机载体,优选无机载体。适用的无机载体包括硅胶、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钛、玻璃、硅酸盐和高岭土,其中硅胶特别优选。载体粒径随所用的柱子尺寸而变化,但通常为1μm至10mm,优选1μm至300μm。最好用性能好的多孔载体。用多孔载体时,载体的平均孔径为10-100μmm,优选50-50,000。可载在这种载体上的多糖衍生物的量是载体重量的1-100%重量,优选5-50%重量。
按照把多糖的芳族酯衍生物或氨基甲酸酯衍生物承载在载体上的方法,将多糖的芳族酯衍生物或氨基甲酸酯衍生物溶解在溶剂中,制成涂布液,然后在搅拌下缓慢地滴加到载体上,从而均匀的包覆载体。然后,在减压下或在空气流中加热和干燥除去溶剂。
当用于把多糖的芳族酯衍生物承载在载体上所用的溶剂(即涂料溶剂)是低沸点溶剂(能很好地溶解多糖芳族酯衍生物)和高沸点溶剂(能使多糖芳族酯衍生物溶胀)的混合溶剂时,可获得良好的分离能力。适用的低沸点溶剂包括二氯甲烷(沸点40℃)等,而适用的高沸点溶剂包括苯甲酸甲酯(沸点200℃)等。
用于把多糖的氨基甲酸酯衍生物载在载体上的溶剂包括丙酮、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃和二噁烷。
本发明中,重要的问题是在干燥除去涂敷溶剂的步骤中,让部分涂料溶剂留在填充剂中。
在使用多糖芳族酯衍生物的情况下,留在填充剂中的溶剂量优选大致为总重量的10-25%。当其超过25%重量时,颗粒相互聚集使填充剂不能使用。在载有多糖芳族酯衍生物的填充剂中,留在填充剂中的低沸点溶剂的量优选至多为1.5%重量,而留在填充剂中的高沸点溶剂的量最好为15-19%重量。当留在填充剂中的溶剂量在这些范围内时,填充剂表现出良好的分离能力。为了使留在填充剂中的溶剂量落在这些范围内,包覆后的干燥条件,即温度、压力、时间等通过经验确定,并且,填充剂在确定的干燥条件下制备。
在使用多糖芳族氨基甲酸酯衍生物的情况下,留下的溶剂量最好为4-22%重量。
将制得的填充剂填充到柱中的方法使用传统的浆液填充法。该方法使用正己烷、2-丙醇、甲醇等作溶剂。
本发明的用于高效液体色谱的其中留有部分涂敷溶剂的填充剂充分显示出它的分离能力,几乎没有偏差。特别是在制剂(或等分试样)时,在分离差的情况下,至今不可避免地由于降低流动相进到柱的流速和降低样品进料速度而引起的低效分离操作问题,通过本发明得到了解决。
实施例
下面的实施例将具体解释本发明,但不应理解为对本发明范围的限制。
实施例1
把10g纤维素三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)溶解在40ml二氯甲烷和10ml苯甲酸甲酯的混合溶剂中,制成粘稠的涂布液,然后在25℃搅拌下,将其缓慢滴加到用3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯氨基甲酰化的氨基丙基硅烷处理过的40g硅胶(由Daiso有限公司制造,平均粒径20μm,平均孔径1300A)中。滴加完之后,先在500乇45℃下进一步搅拌45分钟,然后在100乇40℃下搅拌1小时,基本上蒸馏出二氯甲烷,然后将此填充料分散在200ml甲醇中制成浆液,此后过滤回收固体物料。回收的固体物料在2-5乇60℃下干燥3小时,得到填充剂。留在此填充剂中的溶剂量测定结果示于表1。
实施例2
除了将实施例1中最后的干燥时间改变为2.5小时外,基本上重复实施例1同样的步骤制备填充剂。留在该填充剂中的溶剂量测定结果示于表1。比较例1
除了将实施例1中最后的干燥时间改为2小时外,基本上重复实施例1相同的步骤制备填充剂。留在该填充剂内的溶剂量测定结果示于表1。
                      表1
         留在填充剂内的溶剂量(重量%)
    填充剂溶剂   实施例1   实施例2   比较例1
  二氯甲烷     0.22     1.07     1.72
  苯甲酸甲酯     17.9     18.0     18.0
应用例A
用正己烷/丙醇-2(体积比7/3)作混合溶剂,用浆液填充法将实施例1、实施例2和比较例1制备的各种填充剂填充入不锈钢柱(内径:1.0cm,长:25cm)。用该柱在下述条件下进行西沙必利(cisapride)外消旋变体的光学拆分试验。实验结果(分离指数和色谱图)示于表2。
流动相:正己烷/丙醇-2(体积比7/3)
        含有0.1%二乙胺
流  速:4.7ml/min
检测器:紫外检测器,254nm
        (灵敏度:0.16AFUS)
温  度:25℃
进料量:50μg
表2旋光拆分试验结果应用例B
用正己烷/丙醇-2(体积比7/3)作混合溶剂,用浆液填充法将实施例1、实施例2和比较例1制备的各种填充剂填充入不锈钢柱(内径:1.0cm,长:25cm)。用该柱在下述条件下进行茚磺苯酰胺(Indapamide)外消旋变体的光学拆分试验。实验结果(分离指数和色谱图)示于表2。
流动相:正己烷/丙醇-2(体积比7/3)
        含有0.1%二乙胺
流  速:4.7ml/min
检测器:紫外检测器,254nm
        (灵敏度:0.16AFUS)
温  度:25℃
进料量:50μg
实施例3
将10g纤维素三(4-氯代苯基氨基甲酸酯)溶于65ml丙酮制备粘稠的涂布液。然后在搅拌下于45℃将此涂布液缓慢地滴加到用氨丙基硅烷处理过的40g硅胶(由Daiso有限公司制造,平均粒径20μm,平均孔径1300A)中。在搅拌下调节系统压力至减压(350乇),接着于45℃搅拌1小时蒸馏出丙酮。然后,将该填充料分散在250ml丙醇-2中得到一种浆液,过滤回收固体物料。由此得到的固体物料在2-5乇60℃下干燥3小时得到一种填充剂。留在该填充剂内的溶剂量测定结果示于表3。
表3
  残留涂敷溶剂量(wt.%)             光学拆分试验结果
  保留体积(k′1)   分离指数(α)   拆分率(Rs)
实施例3     20.1     1.89     3.10     3.17
实施例4     10.8     2.18     3.17     3.22
实施例5     4.7     1.96     3.22     3.34
比较例2     27.6     2.02     3.09     2.91
比较例3     3.3     2.14     3.34     2.70
实施例4和5以及比较例2和3
除了改变实施例3中的最后干燥时间外,基本上重复实施例3的同样操作,制得的各种填充剂列于表3。应用例C
用丙醇-2作溶剂,用浆液填充法将实施例3、4和5和比较例2和3制备的各种填充剂填充入不锈钢柱(内径:1.0cm,长:25cm)。用该柱在下述条件下进行丙吡胺(disopyramide)外消旋变体的光学拆分试验。实验结果(分离指数和色谱图)示于表3。
流动相:正己烷/丙醇-2(体积比1/1)
        含有0.1%二乙胺
流  速:4.7ml/min
检测器:紫外检测器,254nm
        (灵敏度:0.16AFUS)
温  度:25℃
进料量:50μl(1000ppm)
由表3可见,比较例2和3的拆分率低,不适于制备丙吡胺,其中,作为溶剂而残留的丙酮量与4-22%重量范围不一致。
实施例6
将10g纤维素三(4-氯代苯基氨基甲酸酯)溶于65ml丙酮制备粘稠的涂布液。然后在搅拌下于25℃将此涂布液缓慢地滴加到用氨丙基硅烷处理过的40g硅胶(由Daiso有限公司制造,平均粒径50μm,平均孔径1000)中。在搅拌下调节系统压力至减压(350乇),接着于45℃搅拌1小时蒸馏出丙酮。然后,将该填充料分散在250ml丙醇-2中得到一种浆液,过滤回收固体物料。由此得到的固体物料在2-5乇60℃下干燥3小时得到一种填充剂。留在该填充剂内的溶剂量测定结果示于表4。
表4
  残留涂敷溶剂量(wt.%)             光学拆分试验结果
  保留体积(k′1)   分离指数(α)    拆分率(Rs)
实施例6     18.2     3.81     1.31     0.71
实施例7     4.4     4.30     1.29     0.61
比较例4     23.1     3.54     1.22     0.31
比较例5     1.5     3.96     1.17     0.21
实施例7以及比较例4和5
除了改变实施例6中的最后干燥时间外,基本上重复实施例6的同样操作,制得的各种填充剂列于表4。
应用例D
用丙醇-2作溶剂,用浆液填充法将实施例6、实施例7和比较例4和5制备的各种填充剂填充入不锈钢柱(内径:1.0cm,长:25cm)。用该柱在下述条件下进行苯基异噁唑基六氢吡啶乙醇(perisoxal)外消旋变体的光学拆分试验。实验结果(分离指数和色谱图)示于表4。
流动相:正己烷/丙醇-2(体积比9/1)
        含有0.1%二乙胺
流  速:4.7ml/min
检测器:紫外检测器,254nm
        (灵敏度:0.16AFUS)
温  度:25℃
进料量:50μl(1000ppm)
由表4可见,比较例4和5的拆分率低,所以不适合作苯基异噁唑基六氢吡啶乙醇的制备色谱,其中残留的丙酮量与4-22%重量范围不一致。

Claims (17)

1.一种高效液体色谱用填充剂,它包含用具有分离能力的物质包覆的载体,并且部分涂料溶剂残留。
2.根据权利要求1的填充剂,其中具有分离能力的物质是旋光活性甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯聚合物、旋光活性(甲基)丙烯酰胺聚合物或多糖衍生物。
3.根据权利要求1的填充剂,其中具有分离能力的物质是多糖的酯衍生物、氨基甲酸酯衍生物或醚衍生物。
4.根据权利要求1的填充剂,其中具有分离能力的物质是多糖的芳族酯衍生物。
5.根据权利要求1的填充剂,其中具有分离能力的物质是多糖的芳族酯衍生物,其中多糖的羟基平均30-100%被下式(I)表示的基团取代:
其中,R1-R5各自为氢原子、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C6-C14芳基或卤原子。
6.根据权利要求1的填充剂,其中具有分离能力的物质是纤维素三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)。
7.根据权利要求1-6的任意一项的填充剂,其中涂敷溶剂是低沸点溶剂和高沸点溶剂的混合物,并且,留在填充剂中的低沸点溶剂的量至多为1.5%重量,而留在填充剂中的高沸点溶剂的量为15-19%重量。
8.根据权利要求1的填充剂,其中具有分离能力的物质是多糖的芳族氨基甲酸酯衍生物。
9.根据权利要求1的填充剂,其中具有分离能力的物质是多糖的芳族氨基甲酸酯衍生物,其中多糖的羟基平均30-100%被下式(II)表示的基团取代:
其中,R1-R5各自为氢原子、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C6-C14芳基或卤原子。
10.根据权利要求1的填充剂,其中具有分离能力的物质是纤维素三(4-甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)。
11.根据权利要求1的填充剂,其中残留的涂料溶剂量为4-25%重量。
12.根据权利要求8-11中任一项的填充剂,其中涂料溶剂是丙酮、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃或二噁烷。
13.根据权利要求12的填充剂,其中残留的涂料溶剂量为4-22%重量。
14.根据权利要求7的填充剂,其中低沸点溶剂是二氯甲烷,而高沸点溶剂是苯甲酸甲酯。
15.根据权利要求14的填充剂,其中残留的涂料溶剂量是10-25%重量。
16.一种用高效液体色谱分离旋光异构体的方法,其中所用的填充剂包含用具有分离能力的物质包覆的载体,并且部分涂料溶剂残留。
17.一种用填充剂装柱的高效液体色谱柱,其中填充剂包含用具有分离能力的物质包覆的载体,并且部分涂料溶剂残留。
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EP1762842A3 (en) 2011-01-26
KR19990007934A (ko) 1999-01-25
US6117325A (en) 2000-09-12
KR100459314B1 (ko) 2005-01-17
EP0957358A1 (en) 1999-11-17
US6358418B1 (en) 2002-03-19
EP1762842A2 (en) 2007-03-14
CN1204401A (zh) 1999-01-06
EP0957358B1 (en) 2008-01-23
WO1997023778A1 (fr) 1997-07-03
US5965026A (en) 1999-10-12
EP0957358A4 (en) 2000-01-19
JP3493201B2 (ja) 2004-02-03
DE69637415D1 (de) 2008-03-13
DE69637415T2 (de) 2008-05-21

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