CN109757246A - A method of improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate - Google Patents
A method of improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate.This method is using the small gleditsia sinensis tree species for wiping out stem and main root apical dominance;Then Tai Jiankeng is built, chad, organic substrate and soil are successively added in hole bottom, bucking ladder stage body with covering black cloth;2nd year spring wiped out small and weak side shoot on the trunk for growing side shoot, retained the prosperous side shoot of 2-4 growing way;When long to 1.6-1.8 meters of side shoot height, topping becomes dry branch;On dry branch after topping, spatially distribution retains 2-3 side shoot, constructs compact shape tree crown.The present invention promotes the development growth of lateral root and side shoot by way of removing main root and stem apical dominance, inhibits to prick depth and tree body height under root system, increases root amount distribution ratio and cross direction profiles space of the root system in shallow soil layer, reduces tree body center of gravity.The slow seedling ability of gleditsia sinensis seedling can be remarkably reinforced in mode through the invention, improve the survival rate of transplanting sapling, survival rate improves 20% or so within 2 years.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the planting technology field of medicinal material, in particular to a kind of side for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate
Method.
Background technique
Gleditsia sinensis Pterostyrax deciduous tree is a kind of great Eco-economic Type tree species for having value of exploiting and utilizing, can be used as doctor
Medicine, health care product, cosmetics and articles for washing natural material, it is excellent tree of getting rich that high financial profit, market prospects are good, can
Effectively to drive Huanghe Beach Regional Economic Development.
Honey locust is system of taproot plant, belongs to deep-rootedness tree species, and medicinal part is gleditsia sinensis and spina gleditsiae.Honey locust light and slightly
Warm and moist weather and deep appropriate moist soil are liked in resistance to shade, but not tight to soil requirement, in calcium carbonate and saline and alkaline or even clay
Or sand can normal growth.The speed of growth of Chinese honey locust is relatively slow but the service life is very long, needs the nutrient growth of 4-6 that can just bloom knot
Fruit.But its productive phase, is centuries.
Huanghe Beach regional soil type is mainly moisture soil, and soil salt content is high, is unevenly distributed, underground water buried depth is shallower
(generally 1-3 meters), surface soil moisture, salt content change greatly, when the main root of honey locust absorbs the underground of high salt content
When water, honey locust growing way weakens, and withered phenomenon easily first occurs for trunk and center side shoot top;Although honey locust has certain resist
Salt alkali ability, but be not easy to survive or tree vigo(u)r is weaker, there be saying for " 10 years difficult one trees living " in locality.Further, since the Yellow River
Beach area underground water is shallower, and how exposed ground is outside, and the evaporation of dry season moisture is fast, and salt branch reaches in ground with the moisture of evaporation
Table, increases earth's surface salt content, and the serious growth and development for inhibiting ground flora forms undesirable ecological circulation.
Low for salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate of planting, tree vigo(u)r is weak, and honey locust trunk and center side shoot top easily occur withered
Dead phenomenon, currently without effective solution method.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate of planting is low, tree vigo(u)r is weak, withered, the present invention easily first occurs for trunk
A kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate is provided, it fully considers local ground condition, rationally utilizes plant growth
Characteristic controls the plant height of honey locust, removes main root apical dominance, control and prick under root system by removing tree body trunk apical dominance
Depth, and in the ranks plantation covers the mode of the medicinal material of earth's surface, guarantees its macroeconomic while improving honey locust survival rate
Value.
The technical scheme is that a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate, characterized in that including following
Step:
1) preparation of gleditsia sinensis sapling
The small gleditsia sinensis tree species of local saline-alkali tolerant are selected, 1-2 raw complete healthy and strong sapling wipes out stem and main root top,
Retain the long 40 ± 5cm of stem, retains main root length 20 ± 2cm and 3 or more lateral root;
2) Tai Jiankeng is built
Bucking ladder is built, 100 ± 10cm of top width, 200 ± 20cm of bottom width, high 50 ± 5cm, length is depending on field;Trapezoidal
40 ± 5cm dell is dug at the top of platform, is cheated away from 150-200cm;
Hole bottom adds one layer of chad, 5 ± 1cm of thickness;Add one layer of 5 ± 1cm of organic substrate on chad layer;Tread earthing 5
±1cm。
3) it transplants
Late October transplanting, the one plant of gleditsia sinensis sapling in every hole, fill compaction;Cheat 3 ± 0.5cm of upper gland organic substrate;Ladder
Cloth, surrounding are compacted shape platform stage body with covering black;
4) stay branch training dry
2nd year spring wiped out small and weak side shoot on the trunk for growing side shoot, and spatially it is prosperous to retain 2-4 growing way for distribution
Side shoot, to cultivate Cheng Ganzhi;
5) calmly dry to build hat
When long to 1.6-1.8 meters of side shoot height, pinch into new dry branch;On dry branch after topping, spatially distribution is protected
2-3 side shoot is stayed, constructs compact shape tree crown, 2.0-2.5 meters of tree body height, 1.5-2.0 meters of crown diameter.
Preferably, honey locust line-spacing (adjacent two bucking ladders spacing) 500 ± 30cm.Among two row honey locusts can between make it is thin
The Chinese medicine of the covering earth's surface such as lotus, Radix Isatidis, blackberry lily, cassia seed.
Organic substrate of the invention is for edible fungi residues or with edible fungi residue organic substrate as main component.Preferably
A kind of (the denomination of invention are as follows: edible fungi residue living soil fertility adjusts compound and its preparation side of application number 2017102498034
Method) edible fungi residue living soil fertility adjust compound (using edible fungi residue as main component, pH value 7.0-7.5).
The principle of the present invention is: the growth and development of plant have close correlation, mainly include aerial part (hat) and
Under ground portion (root system) is closely related, i.e. the growth and development of root system and overground part interdependence was not only mutually promoted, but also mutually system
About, " root is deep could be full of leaves, and hat great talent understands root depth " usually said;Terminal bud and lateral bud, main root and lateral root are closely related, i.e. the top of stem
End and root top growth have advantage, be able to suppress the growth of lateral bud and lateral root, remove apical dominance, then can promote lateral bud and
The growth of lateral root;The extraneous factors such as the growth of root system and soil types, quality, moisture, Mineral Elements Content are closely related.According to
Above-mentioned principle, the present invention improve honey locust survival rate by following measures, mainly: first is that by removing main root and stem top
The mode of end advantage promotes the development growth of lateral root and side shoot, inhibits to prick depth and tree body height under root system, increases root system shallow
Root amount distribution ratio and cross direction profiles space in soil layer reduce tree body center of gravity;Second is that building plateau, groundwater level depth is increased
With root growth distribution space;Third is that setting chad layer and organic substrate layer, can block or inhibit main root zone underground water and salt
That divides moves up, and reduces salinity surface layer and gathers, inhibit the longitudinal growth of lateral root, promotes cross growth;Fourth is that halfpace covering ground
Cloth reduces the evaporation of soil surface moisture and salinity surface layer on halfpace and gathers, inhibition or controlling weeds;Fifth is that being made by plantation in the ranks
It is suitable for the medicinal material covering earth's surface of salt-soda soil growth, reduces the surface layer of soil moisture evaporation and salinity under halfpace and gather, favorably
In the crosswise development of honey locust root system.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, honey locust survival rate is improved
Traditional method for planting, the trunk and branches and leaves of honey locust are easy withered, and mode through the invention can obviously increase
The slow seedling ability of strong gleditsia sinensis seedling improves the survival rate of transplanting sapling, and survival rate improves 20% or so within 2 years.
2, enhance tree vigo(u)r
After traditional method for planting gleditsia sinensis sapling survives, newborn branches and leaves are easily withered and yellow, and shoot growth gesture is weak;The method of the present invention can be with
The growth and development ability of newborn branch is significantly increased, newborn branch is sturdy, leaf color is deep and dark green, and seedling tree vigo(u)r is strong.
3, surface soil salinity content is reduced
Make medicinal material peppermint, cassia seed, blackberry lily, the Radix Isatidis etc. that suitable salt-soda soil is grown between in the ranks, these medicinal material spring go out
Seedling is fast, and property in great numbers is strong, easily forms earth's surface biological covering early, can substantially reduce the surface layer collection of soil moisture evaporation and salinity
It is poly-;After rainy season set, in the ranks can drainage waterlogging prevention, and wash out earth's surface salinity, reduce surface soil salinity content, be conducive to root system
Growth and development.
Specific implementation method
The organic substrate that the embodiment of the present invention uses is a kind of (denomination of invention are as follows: edible mushroom of application number 2017102498034
Bacteria residue living soil fertility adjusts compound and preparation method thereof) edible fungi residue living soil fertility adjust compound (with
Edible fungi residue is main component, pH value 7.0-7.5).
Embodiment 1:
The area Dongying City Nong Gao, Ground-water level 150cm, 20cm soil layer salt content 0.25%.
1) preparation of gleditsia sinensis sapling
The annual sapling of small gleditsia sinensis of the local production of selection, stem thickness (diameter) 1.5cm, wipes out main root and stem top is excellent
Gesture retains the long 20cm of main root and thereon lateral root, retains the long 40cm of stem;
2) Tai Jiankeng is built
Bucking ladder is built in fitting moisture in the soil after autumn, top width 100cm, bottom width 200cm, length is depending on field;Spacing in the rows 150cm makes cave,
Specification are as follows: 30cm × 30cm × 40cm (long × wide × deep), the chad layer of 5cm and the organic substrate of 5cm are successively added in cave bottom
Layer, treads earthing 5cm;
3) it transplants
Late October transplanting, the one plant of gleditsia sinensis sapling in every hole, fill compaction;Cheat upper gland 3cm organic substrate;Bucking ladder platform
Cloth, surrounding are compacted body with covering black.Honey locust Planting Row Distance 500cm.In the ranks make blackberry lily 6-7 row between (furrow), sow November,
It is sowed by line-spacing 30-40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, 2-3 is harvested after plantation, and root is dug, removes soil and dries.
4) stay branch training dry
2nd year spring wiped out small and weak side shoot on the trunk for growing side shoot, and spatially it is prosperous to retain 2-4 growing way for distribution
Side shoot, to cultivate Cheng Ganzhi;
5) calmly dry to build hat
When long to 1.7 meters of side shoot (the prosperous side shoot of the 2-4 growing way retained in step 4) height, pinch Cheng Ganzhi;Topping
On dry branch afterwards, spatially distribution retains 2-3 side shoot (as the side shoot on dry branch), constructs compact shape tree crown, tree body height
2.0-2.5 rice, 1.5-2.0 meters of crown diameter.
Successively second year and autumn in third year after transplanting measure sapling survival rate.It routinely transplants, selects same in adjacent plot
Kind sapling retains main root and stem top;Directly dig 30cm × 30cm × 30cm tree well, synchronous transplanting, as control.Experiment
The results are shown in Table 1, as can be seen from Table 1: method for planting of the invention can significantly improve the survival rate of honey locust.Lead to simultaneously
Cross observation discovery: after traditional method for planting gleditsia sinensis sapling survives, fixed to 2 meters of trunk, the side shoot below of trunk height 2/3rds
Remove, transplant 3 years, tree body height reaches 3.0 meters or more, and newborn branches and leaves are easily withered and yellow, and shoot growth gesture is on the weak side;The method of the present invention
Transplanting 3 years, about 2.0-2.5 meters of tree body height (suitably trims the branch of superelevation in growth course), newborn branch is sturdy,
Leaf color is deep and dark green, and seedling tree vigo(u)r is strong.
The survival rate (%) of top plant gleditsia sinensis sapling is gone in 1 salt-soda soil of table
Embodiment 2:
Dongying City HUANGHE ESTUARY ecological preservation area, underground water buried depth 120cm, 20cm soil layer salt content 0.36%.
1) preparation of gleditsia sinensis sapling
The annual sapling of small gleditsia sinensis of the local production of selection, stem thickness (diameter) 1.5cm, wipes out main root and stem top is excellent
Gesture retains main root 20cm and thereon lateral root, retains stem 40cm.
2) Tai Jiankeng is built
Bucking ladder, top width 100cm, bottom width 200cm are built in fitting moisture in the soil after autumn, spacing in the rows 150cm makes cave, specification are as follows: 30cm ×
30cm × 40cm (long × wide × deep), 5cm chad layer and 5cm organic substrate layer are successively added in cave bottom, tread earthing 5cm;
3) it transplants
Late October transplanting, the one plant of gleditsia sinensis sapling in every hole, fill compaction;Cheat upper gland 3cm organic substrate;Bucking ladder platform
Cloth, surrounding are compacted body with covering black.Honey locust Planting Row Distance 500cm.2nd year early spring in the ranks made 7 row of peppermint between (furrow), thin
Trench digging transplanting before lotus sprouts is transplanted the kind root of 6-10cm long by 10cm spacing in the rows, and earthing is treaded, watered, successively in July
The first tenday period of a month and the first tenday period of a month in October harvest, are dried.
4) stay branch training dry
2nd year spring wiped out small and weak side shoot on the trunk for growing side shoot, and spatially it is prosperous to retain 2-4 growing way for distribution
Side shoot, to cultivate Cheng Ganzhi;
5) calmly dry to build hat
When long to 1.6 meters of side shoot height, pinch Cheng Ganzhi;On dry branch after topping, spatially distribution retains 2-3 side
Branch, constructs compact shape tree crown, and 2.0-2.5 meters of tree body height, 1.5-2.0 meters of crown diameter.
Successively second year and autumn in third year after transplanting measure sapling survival rate.It routinely transplants, selects same in adjacent plot
Kind sapling retains main root and stem top;Directly dig 30cm × 30cm × 30cm tree well, synchronous transplanting, as control.Experiment
The results are shown in Table 2, as can be seen from Table 2: method for planting of the invention can significantly improve the survival rate of honey locust.Lead to simultaneously
Cross observation discovery: after traditional method for planting gleditsia sinensis sapling survives, fixed to 2 meters of trunk, the side shoot below of trunk height 2/3rds
Remove, transplant 3 years, tree body height reaches 3.0 meters or more, and newborn branches and leaves are easily withered and yellow, and shoot growth gesture is weak;The method of the present invention is moved
It plants 3 years, tree body height maintains 2.0-2.5 meters (suitably trimming in growth course for the branch of superelevation), and newborn branch is thick
It is strong, leaf color is deep and dark green, seedling tree vigo(u)r is strong.
The survival rate (%) of top plant gleditsia sinensis sapling is gone in 2 salt-soda soil of table
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate, characterized in that the following steps are included:
1) preparation of gleditsia sinensis sapling
Gleditsia sinensis sapling is wiped out into stem and main root top, retains the long 40 ± 5cm of stem, retains main root length 20 ± 2cm and 3 or more
Lateral root;
2) Tai Jiankeng is built
Build bucking ladder, 100 ± 10cm of top width, bottom width 200 ± 20cm, high 50 ± 5cm;It is upper at the top of bucking ladder to dig 40 ± 5cm depth
Hole;
Hole bottom adds one layer of chad, 5 ± 1cm of thickness;Add one layer of 5 ± 1cm of organic substrate on chad layer;Tread earthing 5 ±
1cm;
3) it transplants
Late October transplanting, the one plant of gleditsia sinensis sapling in every hole, fill compaction;Cheat 3 ± 0.5cm of upper gland organic substrate;Bucking ladder
Cloth, surrounding are compacted stage body with covering black;
4) stay branch training dry
2nd year spring wiped out small and weak side shoot on the trunk for growing side shoot, retained the prosperous side shoot of 2-4 growing way;
5) calmly dry to build hat
When side shoot height it is long to 160-180cm when, pinch Cheng Ganzhi;On dry branch after topping, retain 2-3 side shoot, building is tight
Gather shape tree crown, tree body height 200-250cm, crown diameter 150-200cm.
2. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that the honey locust row
Away from 500 ± 30cm.
3. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that the step 2)
Hole is away from 150-200cm.
4. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that the step 2)
Cheat specification are as follows: length × wide × depth=30cm × 30cm × 40cm.
5. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that the organic substrate
For edible fungi residues or with edible fungi residue organic substrate as main component.
6. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that the step 1)
Gleditsia sinensis sapling is the small gleditsia sinensis tree species of local saline-alkali tolerant, 1-2 raw complete healthy and strong sapling.
7. a kind of method of raising salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in any one of claim 1-6, characterized in that
Two row honey locust middle wares make Chinese medicine peppermint, Radix Isatidis, blackberry lily or cassia seed.
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Cited By (2)
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CN114027078A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-11 | 山东省果树研究所 | Arbor fruit tree planting method suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil |
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