CN109757246A - A method of improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate - Google Patents

A method of improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109757246A
CN109757246A CN201910150422.XA CN201910150422A CN109757246A CN 109757246 A CN109757246 A CN 109757246A CN 201910150422 A CN201910150422 A CN 201910150422A CN 109757246 A CN109757246 A CN 109757246A
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survival rate
honey locust
side shoot
soda soil
root
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CN109757246B (en
Inventor
王志芬
韩金龙
王宪昌
刘喜民
倪大鹏
单成刚
隋学圃
赵春
朱彦伟
张教洪
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Institute of Agro Food Science and Technology of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Agro Food Science and Technology of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate.This method is using the small gleditsia sinensis tree species for wiping out stem and main root apical dominance;Then Tai Jiankeng is built, chad, organic substrate and soil are successively added in hole bottom, bucking ladder stage body with covering black cloth;2nd year spring wiped out small and weak side shoot on the trunk for growing side shoot, retained the prosperous side shoot of 2-4 growing way;When long to 1.6-1.8 meters of side shoot height, topping becomes dry branch;On dry branch after topping, spatially distribution retains 2-3 side shoot, constructs compact shape tree crown.The present invention promotes the development growth of lateral root and side shoot by way of removing main root and stem apical dominance, inhibits to prick depth and tree body height under root system, increases root amount distribution ratio and cross direction profiles space of the root system in shallow soil layer, reduces tree body center of gravity.The slow seedling ability of gleditsia sinensis seedling can be remarkably reinforced in mode through the invention, improve the survival rate of transplanting sapling, survival rate improves 20% or so within 2 years.

Description

A method of improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate
Technical field
The present invention relates to the planting technology field of medicinal material, in particular to a kind of side for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate Method.
Background technique
Gleditsia sinensis Pterostyrax deciduous tree is a kind of great Eco-economic Type tree species for having value of exploiting and utilizing, can be used as doctor Medicine, health care product, cosmetics and articles for washing natural material, it is excellent tree of getting rich that high financial profit, market prospects are good, can Effectively to drive Huanghe Beach Regional Economic Development.
Honey locust is system of taproot plant, belongs to deep-rootedness tree species, and medicinal part is gleditsia sinensis and spina gleditsiae.Honey locust light and slightly Warm and moist weather and deep appropriate moist soil are liked in resistance to shade, but not tight to soil requirement, in calcium carbonate and saline and alkaline or even clay Or sand can normal growth.The speed of growth of Chinese honey locust is relatively slow but the service life is very long, needs the nutrient growth of 4-6 that can just bloom knot Fruit.But its productive phase, is centuries.
Huanghe Beach regional soil type is mainly moisture soil, and soil salt content is high, is unevenly distributed, underground water buried depth is shallower (generally 1-3 meters), surface soil moisture, salt content change greatly, when the main root of honey locust absorbs the underground of high salt content When water, honey locust growing way weakens, and withered phenomenon easily first occurs for trunk and center side shoot top;Although honey locust has certain resist Salt alkali ability, but be not easy to survive or tree vigo(u)r is weaker, there be saying for " 10 years difficult one trees living " in locality.Further, since the Yellow River Beach area underground water is shallower, and how exposed ground is outside, and the evaporation of dry season moisture is fast, and salt branch reaches in ground with the moisture of evaporation Table, increases earth's surface salt content, and the serious growth and development for inhibiting ground flora forms undesirable ecological circulation.
Low for salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate of planting, tree vigo(u)r is weak, and honey locust trunk and center side shoot top easily occur withered Dead phenomenon, currently without effective solution method.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate of planting is low, tree vigo(u)r is weak, withered, the present invention easily first occurs for trunk A kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate is provided, it fully considers local ground condition, rationally utilizes plant growth Characteristic controls the plant height of honey locust, removes main root apical dominance, control and prick under root system by removing tree body trunk apical dominance Depth, and in the ranks plantation covers the mode of the medicinal material of earth's surface, guarantees its macroeconomic while improving honey locust survival rate Value.
The technical scheme is that a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate, characterized in that including following Step:
1) preparation of gleditsia sinensis sapling
The small gleditsia sinensis tree species of local saline-alkali tolerant are selected, 1-2 raw complete healthy and strong sapling wipes out stem and main root top, Retain the long 40 ± 5cm of stem, retains main root length 20 ± 2cm and 3 or more lateral root;
2) Tai Jiankeng is built
Bucking ladder is built, 100 ± 10cm of top width, 200 ± 20cm of bottom width, high 50 ± 5cm, length is depending on field;Trapezoidal 40 ± 5cm dell is dug at the top of platform, is cheated away from 150-200cm;
Hole bottom adds one layer of chad, 5 ± 1cm of thickness;Add one layer of 5 ± 1cm of organic substrate on chad layer;Tread earthing 5 ±1cm。
3) it transplants
Late October transplanting, the one plant of gleditsia sinensis sapling in every hole, fill compaction;Cheat 3 ± 0.5cm of upper gland organic substrate;Ladder Cloth, surrounding are compacted shape platform stage body with covering black;
4) stay branch training dry
2nd year spring wiped out small and weak side shoot on the trunk for growing side shoot, and spatially it is prosperous to retain 2-4 growing way for distribution Side shoot, to cultivate Cheng Ganzhi;
5) calmly dry to build hat
When long to 1.6-1.8 meters of side shoot height, pinch into new dry branch;On dry branch after topping, spatially distribution is protected 2-3 side shoot is stayed, constructs compact shape tree crown, 2.0-2.5 meters of tree body height, 1.5-2.0 meters of crown diameter.
Preferably, honey locust line-spacing (adjacent two bucking ladders spacing) 500 ± 30cm.Among two row honey locusts can between make it is thin The Chinese medicine of the covering earth's surface such as lotus, Radix Isatidis, blackberry lily, cassia seed.
Organic substrate of the invention is for edible fungi residues or with edible fungi residue organic substrate as main component.Preferably A kind of (the denomination of invention are as follows: edible fungi residue living soil fertility adjusts compound and its preparation side of application number 2017102498034 Method) edible fungi residue living soil fertility adjust compound (using edible fungi residue as main component, pH value 7.0-7.5).
The principle of the present invention is: the growth and development of plant have close correlation, mainly include aerial part (hat) and Under ground portion (root system) is closely related, i.e. the growth and development of root system and overground part interdependence was not only mutually promoted, but also mutually system About, " root is deep could be full of leaves, and hat great talent understands root depth " usually said;Terminal bud and lateral bud, main root and lateral root are closely related, i.e. the top of stem End and root top growth have advantage, be able to suppress the growth of lateral bud and lateral root, remove apical dominance, then can promote lateral bud and The growth of lateral root;The extraneous factors such as the growth of root system and soil types, quality, moisture, Mineral Elements Content are closely related.According to Above-mentioned principle, the present invention improve honey locust survival rate by following measures, mainly: first is that by removing main root and stem top The mode of end advantage promotes the development growth of lateral root and side shoot, inhibits to prick depth and tree body height under root system, increases root system shallow Root amount distribution ratio and cross direction profiles space in soil layer reduce tree body center of gravity;Second is that building plateau, groundwater level depth is increased With root growth distribution space;Third is that setting chad layer and organic substrate layer, can block or inhibit main root zone underground water and salt That divides moves up, and reduces salinity surface layer and gathers, inhibit the longitudinal growth of lateral root, promotes cross growth;Fourth is that halfpace covering ground Cloth reduces the evaporation of soil surface moisture and salinity surface layer on halfpace and gathers, inhibition or controlling weeds;Fifth is that being made by plantation in the ranks It is suitable for the medicinal material covering earth's surface of salt-soda soil growth, reduces the surface layer of soil moisture evaporation and salinity under halfpace and gather, favorably In the crosswise development of honey locust root system.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, honey locust survival rate is improved
Traditional method for planting, the trunk and branches and leaves of honey locust are easy withered, and mode through the invention can obviously increase The slow seedling ability of strong gleditsia sinensis seedling improves the survival rate of transplanting sapling, and survival rate improves 20% or so within 2 years.
2, enhance tree vigo(u)r
After traditional method for planting gleditsia sinensis sapling survives, newborn branches and leaves are easily withered and yellow, and shoot growth gesture is weak;The method of the present invention can be with The growth and development ability of newborn branch is significantly increased, newborn branch is sturdy, leaf color is deep and dark green, and seedling tree vigo(u)r is strong.
3, surface soil salinity content is reduced
Make medicinal material peppermint, cassia seed, blackberry lily, the Radix Isatidis etc. that suitable salt-soda soil is grown between in the ranks, these medicinal material spring go out Seedling is fast, and property in great numbers is strong, easily forms earth's surface biological covering early, can substantially reduce the surface layer collection of soil moisture evaporation and salinity It is poly-;After rainy season set, in the ranks can drainage waterlogging prevention, and wash out earth's surface salinity, reduce surface soil salinity content, be conducive to root system Growth and development.
Specific implementation method
The organic substrate that the embodiment of the present invention uses is a kind of (denomination of invention are as follows: edible mushroom of application number 2017102498034 Bacteria residue living soil fertility adjusts compound and preparation method thereof) edible fungi residue living soil fertility adjust compound (with Edible fungi residue is main component, pH value 7.0-7.5).
Embodiment 1:
The area Dongying City Nong Gao, Ground-water level 150cm, 20cm soil layer salt content 0.25%.
1) preparation of gleditsia sinensis sapling
The annual sapling of small gleditsia sinensis of the local production of selection, stem thickness (diameter) 1.5cm, wipes out main root and stem top is excellent Gesture retains the long 20cm of main root and thereon lateral root, retains the long 40cm of stem;
2) Tai Jiankeng is built
Bucking ladder is built in fitting moisture in the soil after autumn, top width 100cm, bottom width 200cm, length is depending on field;Spacing in the rows 150cm makes cave, Specification are as follows: 30cm × 30cm × 40cm (long × wide × deep), the chad layer of 5cm and the organic substrate of 5cm are successively added in cave bottom Layer, treads earthing 5cm;
3) it transplants
Late October transplanting, the one plant of gleditsia sinensis sapling in every hole, fill compaction;Cheat upper gland 3cm organic substrate;Bucking ladder platform Cloth, surrounding are compacted body with covering black.Honey locust Planting Row Distance 500cm.In the ranks make blackberry lily 6-7 row between (furrow), sow November, It is sowed by line-spacing 30-40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, 2-3 is harvested after plantation, and root is dug, removes soil and dries.
4) stay branch training dry
2nd year spring wiped out small and weak side shoot on the trunk for growing side shoot, and spatially it is prosperous to retain 2-4 growing way for distribution Side shoot, to cultivate Cheng Ganzhi;
5) calmly dry to build hat
When long to 1.7 meters of side shoot (the prosperous side shoot of the 2-4 growing way retained in step 4) height, pinch Cheng Ganzhi;Topping On dry branch afterwards, spatially distribution retains 2-3 side shoot (as the side shoot on dry branch), constructs compact shape tree crown, tree body height 2.0-2.5 rice, 1.5-2.0 meters of crown diameter.
Successively second year and autumn in third year after transplanting measure sapling survival rate.It routinely transplants, selects same in adjacent plot Kind sapling retains main root and stem top;Directly dig 30cm × 30cm × 30cm tree well, synchronous transplanting, as control.Experiment The results are shown in Table 1, as can be seen from Table 1: method for planting of the invention can significantly improve the survival rate of honey locust.Lead to simultaneously Cross observation discovery: after traditional method for planting gleditsia sinensis sapling survives, fixed to 2 meters of trunk, the side shoot below of trunk height 2/3rds Remove, transplant 3 years, tree body height reaches 3.0 meters or more, and newborn branches and leaves are easily withered and yellow, and shoot growth gesture is on the weak side;The method of the present invention Transplanting 3 years, about 2.0-2.5 meters of tree body height (suitably trims the branch of superelevation in growth course), newborn branch is sturdy, Leaf color is deep and dark green, and seedling tree vigo(u)r is strong.
The survival rate (%) of top plant gleditsia sinensis sapling is gone in 1 salt-soda soil of table
Embodiment 2:
Dongying City HUANGHE ESTUARY ecological preservation area, underground water buried depth 120cm, 20cm soil layer salt content 0.36%.
1) preparation of gleditsia sinensis sapling
The annual sapling of small gleditsia sinensis of the local production of selection, stem thickness (diameter) 1.5cm, wipes out main root and stem top is excellent Gesture retains main root 20cm and thereon lateral root, retains stem 40cm.
2) Tai Jiankeng is built
Bucking ladder, top width 100cm, bottom width 200cm are built in fitting moisture in the soil after autumn, spacing in the rows 150cm makes cave, specification are as follows: 30cm × 30cm × 40cm (long × wide × deep), 5cm chad layer and 5cm organic substrate layer are successively added in cave bottom, tread earthing 5cm;
3) it transplants
Late October transplanting, the one plant of gleditsia sinensis sapling in every hole, fill compaction;Cheat upper gland 3cm organic substrate;Bucking ladder platform Cloth, surrounding are compacted body with covering black.Honey locust Planting Row Distance 500cm.2nd year early spring in the ranks made 7 row of peppermint between (furrow), thin Trench digging transplanting before lotus sprouts is transplanted the kind root of 6-10cm long by 10cm spacing in the rows, and earthing is treaded, watered, successively in July The first tenday period of a month and the first tenday period of a month in October harvest, are dried.
4) stay branch training dry
2nd year spring wiped out small and weak side shoot on the trunk for growing side shoot, and spatially it is prosperous to retain 2-4 growing way for distribution Side shoot, to cultivate Cheng Ganzhi;
5) calmly dry to build hat
When long to 1.6 meters of side shoot height, pinch Cheng Ganzhi;On dry branch after topping, spatially distribution retains 2-3 side Branch, constructs compact shape tree crown, and 2.0-2.5 meters of tree body height, 1.5-2.0 meters of crown diameter.
Successively second year and autumn in third year after transplanting measure sapling survival rate.It routinely transplants, selects same in adjacent plot Kind sapling retains main root and stem top;Directly dig 30cm × 30cm × 30cm tree well, synchronous transplanting, as control.Experiment The results are shown in Table 2, as can be seen from Table 2: method for planting of the invention can significantly improve the survival rate of honey locust.Lead to simultaneously Cross observation discovery: after traditional method for planting gleditsia sinensis sapling survives, fixed to 2 meters of trunk, the side shoot below of trunk height 2/3rds Remove, transplant 3 years, tree body height reaches 3.0 meters or more, and newborn branches and leaves are easily withered and yellow, and shoot growth gesture is weak;The method of the present invention is moved It plants 3 years, tree body height maintains 2.0-2.5 meters (suitably trimming in growth course for the branch of superelevation), and newborn branch is thick It is strong, leaf color is deep and dark green, seedling tree vigo(u)r is strong.
The survival rate (%) of top plant gleditsia sinensis sapling is gone in 2 salt-soda soil of table

Claims (7)

1. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate, characterized in that the following steps are included:
1) preparation of gleditsia sinensis sapling
Gleditsia sinensis sapling is wiped out into stem and main root top, retains the long 40 ± 5cm of stem, retains main root length 20 ± 2cm and 3 or more Lateral root;
2) Tai Jiankeng is built
Build bucking ladder, 100 ± 10cm of top width, bottom width 200 ± 20cm, high 50 ± 5cm;It is upper at the top of bucking ladder to dig 40 ± 5cm depth Hole;
Hole bottom adds one layer of chad, 5 ± 1cm of thickness;Add one layer of 5 ± 1cm of organic substrate on chad layer;Tread earthing 5 ± 1cm;
3) it transplants
Late October transplanting, the one plant of gleditsia sinensis sapling in every hole, fill compaction;Cheat 3 ± 0.5cm of upper gland organic substrate;Bucking ladder Cloth, surrounding are compacted stage body with covering black;
4) stay branch training dry
2nd year spring wiped out small and weak side shoot on the trunk for growing side shoot, retained the prosperous side shoot of 2-4 growing way;
5) calmly dry to build hat
When side shoot height it is long to 160-180cm when, pinch Cheng Ganzhi;On dry branch after topping, retain 2-3 side shoot, building is tight Gather shape tree crown, tree body height 200-250cm, crown diameter 150-200cm.
2. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that the honey locust row Away from 500 ± 30cm.
3. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that the step 2) Hole is away from 150-200cm.
4. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that the step 2) Cheat specification are as follows: length × wide × depth=30cm × 30cm × 40cm.
5. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that the organic substrate For edible fungi residues or with edible fungi residue organic substrate as main component.
6. a kind of method for improving salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in claim 1, characterized in that the step 1) Gleditsia sinensis sapling is the small gleditsia sinensis tree species of local saline-alkali tolerant, 1-2 raw complete healthy and strong sapling.
7. a kind of method of raising salt-soda soil honey locust survival rate as described in any one of claim 1-6, characterized in that Two row honey locust middle wares make Chinese medicine peppermint, Radix Isatidis, blackberry lily or cassia seed.
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CN112075316A (en) * 2020-09-14 2020-12-15 山东华夏高科农业科技发展有限公司 Transplanting method of drought-tolerant medicinal gleditsia sinensis trees in low-lying zones
CN114027078A (en) * 2021-10-20 2022-02-11 山东省果树研究所 Arbor fruit tree planting method suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil

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CN112075316B (en) * 2020-09-14 2022-02-01 山东华夏高科农业科技发展有限公司 Transplanting method of drought-tolerant medicinal gleditsia sinensis trees in low-lying zones
CN114027078A (en) * 2021-10-20 2022-02-11 山东省果树研究所 Arbor fruit tree planting method suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil

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