CN109529046B - 一种靶向线粒体的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒的制备与应用 - Google Patents

一种靶向线粒体的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒的制备与应用 Download PDF

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CN109529046B
CN109529046B CN201811336263.4A CN201811336263A CN109529046B CN 109529046 B CN109529046 B CN 109529046B CN 201811336263 A CN201811336263 A CN 201811336263A CN 109529046 B CN109529046 B CN 109529046B
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林坚
朱新杰
徐良
许诺
陈龙
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种线粒体靶向的蛋白质纳米颗粒,包含其氨基酸序列,编码核酸序列,以及所述编码核酸的载体、宿主表达菌等相关信息。在金属离子的诱导下,利用大肠杆菌表达系统可获得自组装的上述蛋白质纳米颗粒。所述蛋白质纳米颗粒可应用于癌症诊断和治疗中,相比于现有的线粒体靶向小分子(TPP、MPP等),该蛋白质纳米颗粒能够实现肿瘤富集、线粒体靶向、造成细胞内ROS含量增加、引发细胞发生凋亡以及抑制肿瘤生长等性能。

Description

一种靶向线粒体的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒的制备与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及生物工程及医药领域,特别涉及肿瘤成像和治疗以及药物递送技术领域,具体涉及一种新型靶向线粒体的蛋白质纳米颗粒(GSTP1-MT3),该蛋白质纳米颗粒具有线粒体靶向、引起线粒体功能性紊乱、在肿瘤周围富集以及抑制肿瘤生长等相关性质。
背景技术
癌症是当前人们亟待解决的世界性难题,根据世界卫生组织统计,每年将近有1400万人死于癌症,其中乳腺癌是在女性中发病率仅次于皮肤病的第二大癌症。根据美国卫生局统计,每年将近有26万的女性死于乳腺癌。因此,对于乳腺癌的治疗也越来越受到人们的关注。
然而,病人一般在癌症晚期才会发现自己的相关症状,同时很多的癌症病人会对很多的化疗药物产生一定的多重耐药性等问题,这给癌症的治疗带来了很大的挑战。线粒体作为细胞内主要的ATP供应站,对于维持细胞的生长与代谢起着非常重要的作用。由于线粒体功能性损伤,会细胞造成不可逆的损伤,因此越来越多的人在探索基于线粒体功能性紊乱的癌症治疗方案。最近人们发现对线粒体功能性紊乱,能够从一定程度上克服癌症的多重耐药性这一难题。然而现在能够靶向线粒体的药物主要是一些三苯基膦类似物以及线粒体穿膜肽等小分子,但是这些小分子存在半衰期短、在肿瘤周围不能有效富集等问题,这些不足极大限制了其在癌症治疗中的应用。
发明内容
为了有效解决上述问题,本发明提供一种新型线粒体靶向的蛋白质纳米颗粒(GSTP1-MT3),该蛋白质纳米颗粒能够以大肠杆菌作为宿主菌进行融合表达,再经金属离子诱导而获得。在Balb/c小鼠中移植4T1乳腺癌细胞构建小鼠的乳腺癌模型,发现GSTP1-MT3蛋白质纳米颗粒能够在肿瘤部位富集,快速进入到肿瘤细胞的线粒体中,造成线粒体膜电位下降以及细胞内ROS含量的增加,最终能够有效地抑制肿瘤的生长。同时我们还发现GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)通过化学偶联的方式和紫杉醇联用,不仅能够提高紫杉醇的水溶性,而且还极大地延长了小鼠的生存期,为临床上乳腺癌治疗提供了广阔的前景。
一方面,本发明提供一种新型线粒体靶向的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒,其特征在于:所述蛋白质纳米颗粒由蛋白质单体自组装形成,所述蛋白质单体包括由金属硫蛋白、连接肽以及谷胱甘肽硫转移酶以从氨基端到羧基端的顺序依次连接组成的融合蛋白,所述连接肽的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示。
本发明所述蛋白质纳米颗粒,其特征在于:所述谷胱甘肽硫转移酶为GSTP1,所述GSTP1的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
本发明所述蛋白质纳米颗粒,其特征在于:所述金属硫蛋白优选为MT3,所述MT3的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
本发明所述自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒,其特征在于:所述蛋白质纳米颗粒是由金属离子诱导而形成的融合蛋白,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示。所述金属离子包含Cd2+、Gd3+、Cr3+、Ni2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Co2+等金属离子。
本发明所述蛋白质纳米颗粒,其特征在于:谷胱甘肽硫转移酶位于所述融合蛋白的C端。
第二方面,本发明还提供编码所述的蛋白质纳米颗粒中的融合蛋白的核酸,所述核酸的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:5所示。
第三方面,本发明还提供包含所述编码核酸的构建体,所述构建体包括表达盒、载体。
本发明所述载体包括原核表达载体,所述表达载体中包括启动子、终止子和其他调控元件。
第四方面,本发明还提供一种含有所述编码核酸、核酸构建体的宿主表达菌。
本发明所述宿主细胞包括原核宿主表达菌,所述原核宿主BL21(DE3)。
第五方面,本发明还提供所述线粒体靶向的蛋白质纳米颗粒在癌症诊断中的应用。
其中,所述蛋白质纳米颗粒还能够连接有活性物质,所述活性物质为诊断试剂。
其中,所述蛋白质纳米颗粒能够在肿瘤周围富集。所述诊断试剂包括荧光基团、同位素、MRI造影剂、放射性同位素等物质。
第六方面,本发明还提供所述线粒体靶向的蛋白质纳米颗粒在肿瘤治疗中的应用。
其中,所述线粒体靶向的蛋白质纳米颗粒能够抑制肿瘤生长。
其中,所述蛋白质纳米颗粒还连接有活性物质,所述活性物质为肿瘤治疗药物,所述肿瘤治疗药物为紫杉醇、所述肿瘤为乳腺癌。
第七方面,本发明还提供一种新型的线粒体靶向的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒制备方法。
本发明所述制备线粒体靶向的新型蛋白质纳米颗粒的方法,其特征在于:蛋白质单体在0.3mM的金属离子的诱导下,可能利用金属和蛋白质上的氨基和巯基配位,自组装形成蛋白质纳米颗粒。
本发明所述制备线粒体靶向的新型蛋白质纳米颗粒的方法,其中所述金属离子包含Cd2+、Gd3+、Cr3+、Ni2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Co2+等金属离子。
本发明所述制备线粒体靶向的新型蛋白质纳米颗粒的方法,其还包括利用GST纯化柱对自组装形成的蛋白质纳米颗粒进行纯化的步骤。
第八方面,本发明提供了一种能显著提高紫杉醇水溶性的蛋白质纳米颗粒。
其中,所述蛋白质纳米颗粒和紫杉醇联用后,显著延长4T1乳腺癌小鼠的生存期。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术方案具有以下优点:
第一、首次报道了通过金属介导的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒,该蛋白质纳米颗粒能够快速靶向到线粒体,实时监测线粒体的变化。相比于其它的靶向线粒体的小分子而言,该蛋白质纳米颗粒的生物相容性和水溶性较好,而且靶向速度快,更能实时反映线粒体真实情况。
第二、该蛋白纳米颗粒能够造成线粒体膜电位下降、细胞内ROS含量的增加,进而引起细胞发生凋亡。
第三、癌症对化学药物的多重耐药性是降低化学药物治疗效果的主要因素。线粒体作为细胞内ATP供应站,在细胞的生长与分裂中扮演着重要的角色。由于线粒体的损伤是不可逆性的,因此对线粒体功能性紊乱能够有效地克服多重药物耐受等问题,该蛋白质纳米颗粒在克服多重耐药性方面起着重要的作用。
第四、相比于其它的线粒体靶向小分子而言,该蛋白质能够在肿瘤周围进行有效地富集,能够减少药物对其它器官的损伤,因此减少对正常组织的损伤。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。
图1:GSTP1-MT3线粒体靶向的蛋白质纳米颗粒的氨基酸序列构成
图2:GSTP1-MT3蛋白质纳米颗粒的相关表征
A:分别在金属Co2+、Ni2+诱导下的蛋白表达情况;
B:在1mmol/L不同金属诱导下,蛋白质的表达量高低;
C:GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)粒径大小测定;
D:GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)蛋白质纳米颗粒在不同pH条件下二级结构的变化;
E-F:GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)蛋白质纳米颗粒形貌测定(E)扫描电镜、(F)透射电镜。
图3:不同浓度下Co2+的表达量水平高低。
图4:GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)靶向线粒体。
图:5:线粒体的Pearson’s co-localization coefficient测定
图6:GSTP1-MT3蛋白质纳米颗粒能够引起细胞内ROS含量的增加。
图7:细胞内ROS含量的测定。
图8:GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)在肿瘤周围富集。
图9:GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)抑制肿瘤生长
A:小鼠体重的变化,其中箭头代表给药的时间点;
B:小鼠肿瘤大小的测定,其中箭头代表给药的时间点;
C:第21天时,小鼠的实体图(上)以及小鼠的肿瘤实体图片(下);
D:第21天时,小鼠肿瘤的体重。
图10:GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)偶联PTX(紫杉醇)延长4T1乳腺癌小鼠的生存期。
图11:GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)蛋白纳米颗粒体内抗肿瘤作用机理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施方式。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施方式,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反,提供这些实施方式是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
根据本发明的实施方式,提出以下实施案例
实施例一、构建GSTP1-MT3线粒体靶向的蛋白质纳米颗粒氨基酸序列:
基于前期实验研究,构建了如下的线粒体靶向的蛋白质纳米颗粒表达载体,如图1所示,GSTP1-MT3主要由GSTP1和MT3两部分组成,其中MT3在氨基酸序列的N端,GSTP1在氨基酸序列的C端,MT3和GSTP1中间通过GGGGS序列偶联。
GSTP1氨基酸序列:
MPPYTVVYFPVRGRCAALRMLLADQGQSWKEEVVTVETWQEGSLKASCLYGQLPKFQDGDLTLYQSNTILRHLGRTLGLYGKDQQEAALVDMVNDGVEDLRCKYISLIYTNYEAGKDDYVKALPGQLKPFETLLSQNQGGKTFIVGDQISFADYNLLDLLLIHEVLAPGCLDAFPLLSAYVGRLSARPKLKAFLASPEYVNLPINGNGKQ(SEQ ID NO:1);
MT3氨基酸序列:
MDPETCPCPSGGSCTCADSCKCEGCKCTSCKKSCCSCCPAECEKCAKDCVCKGGEAAEAEAEKCSCCQ(SEQ ID NO:2);
GSTP1和MT3之间的linker:
GGGGS(SEQ ID NO:3)。
完整的GSTP1-MT3氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示,其分子量为30.566kDa,等电点PI为5.14;GSTP1-MT3的编码核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:5所示。
实施例二、GSTP1-MT3蛋白质纳米颗粒载体构建
为了利于后续的GSTP1-MT3蛋白质纳米颗粒在重组细胞中的表达,构建了其原核表达载体,其中选择pET-28a(+)作为原核表达载体,利用其上的酶切位点HindIII、NdeI将如SEQ ID NO:5所示编码GSTP1-MT3的核苷酸序列连接到pET-28a(+)中,经酶切、电泳及单克隆测序检测后成功获得重组表达载体pET-28a(+)-GSTP1-MT3。
实施例三、GSTP1-MT3蛋白质纳米颗粒的重组表达
采用大肠杆菌作为宿主菌进行重组表达,具体表达方法如下:
1、质粒转化
取2μL 42ng/μL pET-28a(+)-GSTP1-MT3质粒,加入到20μL BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,在冰上预混15-30分钟,然后放在42℃水浴锅中加热90秒,随后冰上再放置10分钟。加入800μL的无抗性的LB培养基,在37℃ 220rpm培养1小时,然后在3500rpm离心10分钟,移去600μL的上清,剩余的200μL混匀后,待用。
2、抗性筛选
将步骤1中剩余的200μL菌液加入到含有卡那霉素的琼脂糖平板中,37℃培养箱中培养2小时后,将平板倒置培养过夜。
3、单克隆挑选
挑选单个克隆,加入到10mL含有卡那霉素的LB培养基中,37℃ 220rpm培养10小时,溶液逐渐变浑浊。
4、蛋白质诱导表达
将步骤3中的10mL菌液加入到1L含有卡那霉素的LB培养基中,37℃ 220rpm培养4小时后,再分别加入1mL 0.1mol/L IPTG(培养基中终浓度0.1mmol/L)和1mmol/L不同金属离子(金属离子可为Cd2+、Gd3+、Cr3+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Co2+等)继续诱导表达过夜,4℃4000rpm离心20分钟,弃去上清,加入20mL GST重悬液(pH=8.0、50mM Tris/HCl、100mMNaCl、60mM β-Mercaptoethanol)进行超声波碎(30%的功率,SCIENTZ,JY 92-IIN),4℃12000rpm超速离心,收集上清,使用0.22μm的滤膜进行过滤,有待进一步纯化。
5、蛋白纯化
利用AKTA纯化系统进行纯化,首先使用5倍(5V)柱体积的PBS平衡,然后利用AKTA将步骤4中上清结合到GST柱子上,继续使用5V柱体积的PBS进行冲洗待基线平稳后,使用GST洗脱液(pH=8.0、10mmol/L GSH、50mM Tris/HCl、100mM NaCl、60mM β-Mercaptoethanol)洗脱并收集。收集的蛋白使用10kDa超滤管除去蛋白中的GSH,最后使用0.22μm的滤膜过滤。4℃短期保存(如长期-80℃保存,需要保存在10%的甘油中)。
如图2所示,经由Co2+或Ni2+诱导均能获得分子量约30kDa的GSTP1-MT3(图2A);而1mmol/L的不同金属离子(金属离子可为Cd2+、Gd3+、Cr3+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Co2+等)均能够用于诱导GSTP1-MT3蛋白质纳米颗粒,其中CO2+的诱导能力最强(图2B),因此,后续还探索了Co2+在不同浓度下表达量的高低,结果表明Co2+最适宜的诱导浓度为0.3mmol/L(图3)(无特殊说明所有的金属诱导浓度均为0.3mmol/L)。采用Co2+诱导的蛋白质纳米颗粒进行功能分析;图2D给出了GSTP1-MT3蛋白质纳米颗粒在不同的pH条件下二级结构情况;由图2C、图2E-2F可知,GSTP1-MT3经由金属离子诱导后形成了大小分布均匀的纳米颗粒。
实施例四、GSTP1-MT3标记Cy5.5荧光
以实施例3获得的GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)为例,将500μL 100μM GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)加入到pH=9.0的Tris/HCl缓冲液中,充分混匀后,向其中加入6.7μL 15mMCy5.5-NHS(Cy5.5-NHS溶解在DMSO中),快速混匀,放到25℃ 1000rpm混匀器中反应过夜(全程避光),利用脱盐柱除去没有反应完的Cy5.5-NHS,最后用0.22μm的滤膜过滤,反应后的产物记为GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)-Cy5.5,4℃避光保存。
实施例五、GSTP1-MT3靶向线粒体
以U87MG细胞株为例,向共聚焦皿中加入5×104个U87MG细胞,37℃、5%CO2培养过夜,向其中加入实施例4制备的GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)-Cy5.5(终浓度6μmo/L),然后使用PBS清洗三次,最后加入
Figure GDA0002490290910000071
Green FM(终浓度2μmol/L),继续在37℃、5%CO2培养30分钟,最终使用PBS清洗3次,使用共聚焦成像,并使用Image J计算Pearson’s co-localizationcoefficient。
结果如图4和图5可知,该蛋白质纳米颗粒能够很好地定位到线粒体,其中GSTP1在线粒体靶向中起着关键性作用。
以U87MG细胞株为例,向共聚焦皿中加入5×104个U87MG细胞,37℃、5%CO2培养过夜,向其中加入实施例3制备的GSTP1-MT3(Fe2+)和GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)(终浓度6μmol/L)继续培养24小时,然后使用PBS清洗三次,随后加入10μmol/L DCFH-DA(ROS探针),37℃孵育30分钟后,使用PBS清洗三次,最后进行共聚焦成像,并统计ROS的含量高低。如图6-7结果表明GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)能够显著引起细胞内ROS含量的增加。
实施例六、GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)在肿瘤富集
以Balb/c小鼠的乳腺癌为例,向Balb/c小鼠接种3*106 4T1(稳转Luciferase)乳腺癌细胞,当肿瘤生长到150mm3。通过尾静脉注射100μL 30μmol/L GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)-Cy5.5,在不同时间点观察荧光的强度,然后通过腹腔注射Luciferase底物,观察肿瘤的共定位情况。
结果如图8所示,Cy5.5荧光能和Luciferase生物发光很好地重合在一起,表明GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)-Cy5.5能够很好地在肿瘤部位富集。
实施例七、GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)对乳腺癌的治疗
以Balb/c小鼠的乳腺癌为例,向Balb/c小鼠接种3×106 4T1(稳转Luciferase)乳腺癌细胞,当肿瘤生长到50-70mm3。通过尾静脉注射100μL 30μmol/L GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)作为实验组;通过尾静脉注射100μL PBS作为对照组。每两天注射一次,即在实验开始的第3天、第5天、第7天、第9天和第11天分别进行尾静脉注射,一共注射5次,在不同时间点记录小鼠的体重以及肿瘤大小。
如图6所示,实验组小鼠和对照组小鼠的体重相差不大,表明GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)对小鼠无明显的毒副作用;从肿瘤体积和重量来看,实验组小鼠和对照组小鼠的肿瘤体积差异显著(P<0.05),而且实验组小鼠和对照组小鼠的肿瘤重量差异显著(p<0.05),表明GSTP1-MT3蛋白质纳米颗粒能够显著抑制肿瘤生长。
同时,结果发现GSTP1-MT3(Co2+)偶联紫杉醇以后,能够显著延长4T1乳腺癌小鼠的生存期(如图10)。GSTP1-MT3体内抗肿瘤作用机理示意图如图11所示。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
序列表
<110> 北京大学
<120> 一种靶向线粒体的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒的制备和应用
<130> 无
<160> 5
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
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<211> 210
<212> PRT
<213> GSTP1
<400> 1
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aagtgcgagg gctgcaagtg caccagctgc aagaagagct gctgcagctg ctgccccgcc 120
gaatgcgaaa aatgtgccaa ggactgcgtg tgtaaggggg gcgaggccgc cgaggctgag 180
gctgagaagt gctcctgctg ccaaggcgga ggcggcagca tgccccctta taccgtggtg 240
tacttccccg tgagaggcag atgcgccgcc ctgagaatgc tgctggccga ccaaggccaa 300
agttggaagg aggaggtggt cacagtggag acatggcagg agggcagtct gaaggcttcc 360
tgtctgtatg gccagctgcc caaattccaa gacggggatc tgaccctgta ccagagcaac 420
accatactga gacatctggg ccggacactg ggtctctatg ggaaggatca gcaggaggcc 480
gccctggtgg acatggtcaa cgacggagtg gaggacctga gatgcaagta catcagcctg 540
atctacacaa actacgaggc tggcaaagat gattacgtga aagcactgcc cggacagctg 600
aaacctttcg agaccctgct gtctcagaac cagggcggca agaccttcat cgtgggcgac 660
cagatcagct tcgcagatta caacctgctg gacctgctgc tgattcatga ggttctggcc 720
cccggctgtc tcgacgcctt cccactgctc tctgcttacg tgggccggct gagcgccaga 780
cccaagctca aggccttcct ggcctccccc gagtacgtga acctgcccat caacggaaac 840
ggcaagcaa 849

Claims (10)

1.一种线粒体靶向的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒,其特征在于:所述蛋白质纳米颗粒由蛋白质单体经金属离子诱导而自组装形成,所述蛋白质单体包括由金属硫蛋白、连接肽、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶以从氨基端到羧基端的顺序依次连接组成的融合蛋白,所述连接肽的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示;
所述金属离子为Co2+
2.如权利要求1所述的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒,其特征在于:所述谷胱甘肽硫转移酶为GSTP1,所述GSTP1的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示;所述金属硫蛋白为MT3,所述MT3的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
3.如权利要求1所述的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒,其特征在于:所述融合蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示。
4.权利要求1-3任一项所述的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:蛋白质单体在金属离子诱导下,利用金属离子和蛋白质上的氨基和巯基配位自组装成蛋白质纳米颗粒。
5.编码权利要求1-3任一项所述的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒中的融合蛋白的核酸,其特征在于:所述核酸的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:5所示。
6.包含权利要求5所述核酸的核酸构建体,所述构建体包括表达盒、载体。
7.含有权利要求5所述核酸或权利要求6所述核酸构建体的原核宿主细胞或真核宿主细胞。
8.权利要求1-3任一项所述的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒在制备癌症诊断药物或治疗药物中的用途。
9.权利要求1-3任一项所述的自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒在制备肿瘤治疗药物中的用途。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的用途,其特征在于:所述自组装蛋白质纳米颗粒能够连接活性物质,所述活性物质为诊断标记或肿瘤治疗药物,所述活性物质包括荧光分子、同位素、MRI造影剂、放射物质、抗氧化以及抗癌药物。
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