CN109414560B - 具有加湿器旁路的咳嗽辅助系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本技术总体上涉及具有加湿咳嗽辅助的咳嗽辅助装置。在一个示例中,一种系统包括咳嗽辅助装置,该咳嗽辅助装置具有被配置为向患者回路提供吹入气体的第一阶段和被配置为从患者回路抽取吹出气体的第二阶段。加湿器设置在咳嗽辅助装置和患者回路的远端之间,加湿器包括腔室,该腔室被配置为容纳加热的水并且流体地耦合到咳嗽辅助装置和患者回路。该系统还包括旁路,该旁路被配置为(a)引导来自咳嗽辅助装置的吹入气体通过第一路径而达到患者回路,使得吹入气体在腔室中被加湿,以及(b)路由来自患者回路的吹出气体通过第二路径而达到咳嗽辅助装置,使得吹出气体绕过腔室。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2016年6月21日提交的第15/188,722号美国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本技术一般涉及用于通气(ventilation)和咳嗽辅助系统的加湿器。
背景技术
机械呼吸机(ventilator)用于辅助呼吸。传统的呼吸机通常驱使包括氧气的吸气(inspiratory)气体进入患者的肺部。许多使用呼吸机的患者还需要与治疗和维持他们呼吸道(airways)及肺部相关的其他类型的辅助,例如咳嗽辅助。目前,为了接受咳嗽辅助,患者必须与机械呼吸机断开连接并连接到单独的咳嗽辅助装置。在完成咳嗽辅助之后,患者必须与咳嗽辅助装置断开连接并重新连接到机械呼吸机。通常,在患者已与咳嗽辅助装置断开连接并在咳嗽辅助之后重新连接到机械呼吸机以移除患者呼吸道中的剩余分泌物之后,患者的呼吸道也会被抽吸。因为此过程可能是冗长的,所以其通常并不是以对患者最有利的方式进行。
因此,需要呼吸机提供除了将吸气气体输送到患者的肺部之外的额外功能,例如咳嗽辅助和加湿。从以下详细描述和附图中可以明显看出,本技术提供了这些和其他优点。
附图简要说明
图1是示出包括供人类患者使用的呼吸机的系统的框图。
图2A是示出图1的呼吸机的呼吸机组件的部件的示意图,其中呼吸机组件的咳嗽辅助阀以第一配置示出。
图2B是示出处于第二配置的呼吸机组件的咳嗽辅助阀的示意图。
图3示出了包括具有集成的咳嗽辅助功能的呼吸机,患者回路,加湿器和加湿器旁路系统的通气系统。
图4A-4D示出了加湿器旁路系统的几种视图。
图5A和5B示出了加湿器旁路系统的另一实施方案的横截面视图。
具体实施例
呼吸机上的患者通常需要对提供给患者的吸气(inspiratory)气体和用于辅助咳嗽治疗(也被称为机械吹入(insufflation)-吹出(exsufflation))的吹入气体进行加湿。为呼吸机配备咳嗽辅助功能,无需改变患者回路以在通气和咳嗽治疗之间进行转换。然而,本发明人已经注意到,在咳嗽辅助期间经过加湿器腔室的高吹出流(high exsufflationflows)会导致水返回至呼吸机。为了缓解这个问题,本技术涉及一种加湿器旁路,该加湿器旁路允许吹入的气体通过加湿器腔室而到达患者,并且将吹出的气体路由返回至呼吸机而不通过加湿器腔室。
呼吸机旁路的目的是使吹出流重新导向在加湿器腔室周围,以防止吹出流将腔室中的水吹回至呼吸机。旁路可以是被动附件(passive accessory),其连接到标准的市售加湿器腔室。在咳嗽治疗之后,旁路可以在呼吸机和患者之间保持联机(in line)。当通气重新开始时,被吸入的气体通过加湿器腔室进行输送,就像旁路不存在一样。
此外,旁路也可以由具有独立咳嗽辅助机器的呼吸机患者来使用。通常,患者回路在患者处被断开连接以执行咳嗽治疗。然后将咳嗽机器上的专用患者导管连接到患者。通过有创性的通气(invasive ventilation),在靠近气管造口术部位操作导管时,患者会感到不适,并且存在意外拔管的风险。并且,在这种情况下,被加湿的气体不再被输送给患者,直到通气重新开始并且加湿器重新返回至联机。根据本技术的实施方案的加湿器旁路系统使得患者回路能够在呼吸机和加湿器之间的任何地方断开连接,而不是在患者处断开连接。因此,在吹入期间输送被加湿的气体,但旁路会防止水在呼气期间从加湿器进入咳嗽辅助机器。
下面参考图1-5B来描述本技术的若干实施方案的进一步具体细节。尽管下面针对具有加湿咳嗽辅助的用于通气的装置,系统和方法描述了许多实施方案,但是其他实施方案也在本技术的范围内。另外,本技术的其他实施方案可以具有与本文所描述的那些不同的配置,部件和/或过程。例如,其他实施方案可以包括除了本文所描述的那些之外的附加元件和特征,或者其他实施方案可以不包括本文所示出和描述的若干元件和特征。
为了便于参考,遍及本公开的相同的附图标记用于标识相似或类似的部件或特征,但是由相同的附图标记所标识的部件不一定相同。实际上,在本文所描述的许多示例中,相同编号的部分在结构和/或功能上是不同的。
图1是示出根据本技术的实施方案的包括具有集成的加湿咳嗽辅助的呼吸机100的系统10的框图。首先将描述系统10的若干概况,以提供对与本技术的加湿旁路装置的实施方案相关的部件的理解。呼吸机100可被配置为提供传统的容量控制通气和压力控制通气。呼吸机100具有可选的多内腔导管(multi-lumen tube)连接件103,主呼吸机连接件104和患者氧气出口105。系统100还具有患者连接件106(例如,气管导管,鼻罩,接口管(mouthpiece)和类似装置)和患者回路110,该患者回路110将患者连接件106流体地耦合到主呼吸机连接件104和/或患者氧气出口105。
患者回路110可以是主动患者回路或被动患者回路。可选地,当患者回路110是主动患者回路时,患者回路110可以包括一个或多个端口111,该端口111被配置为连接到可选的多内腔导管连接件103。端口111允许一个或多个压力信号109在可选的多内腔导管连接件103和患者回路110之间流动。压力信号109可以是从要被测量压力的流体(和/或气体)源获得的一种或多种气体。所获得的一种或多种气体处于和流体(和/或气体)源相同的压力下。
系统100还包括与患者回路110和主呼吸机连接件104相联机的加湿器141。在一些实施方案中,患者回路110除了包括在加湿器141和患者连接件106之间延伸的导管或管道之外,还包括在加湿器141和主呼吸机机连接件104之间延伸的导管或管道。系统100,或更具体地加湿器141,可以配备如以下更为详细描述的旁路142。
主呼吸机机连接件104被配置成提供气体112,该气体112包括任选地与氧气混合的空气114。虽然被认定为“空气”,但是本领域普通技术人员应当认识到空气114可以包括从呼吸机100外部的任何来源而获得的环境空气或加压空气。气体112可以是用于呼吸的吸气阶段的吸气气体或是用于咳嗽辅助的吹入阶段的吹入气体。主呼吸机连接件104被配置为接收气体113,该气体113可包括在咳嗽辅助的吹出阶段期间由患者102吹出的吹出气体。
空气114经由患者进气口116被呼吸机100所接收。任选地与空气114混合的氧气可以由呼吸机100在内部产生和/或从可选的低压氧气源118(例如,氧气浓缩器)和/或可选的高压氧气源120来接收。当氧气在内部产生时,呼吸机100可以经由出口通气口124来输出废气(例如,富氮气体122)。任选地,呼吸机100可以包括低压氧气入口126,该低压氧气入口126被配置为耦合到可选的低压氧气源118并从其接收可选的低压氧气128。呼吸机100可包括可选的高压氧气入口130,该高压氧气入口130被配置为耦合到可选的高压氧气源120并从其接收可选的高压氧气132。
患者氧气出口105被配置为经由与患者的呼吸同步的患者回路110向患者连接件106提供氧气140的剂量或氧气140的脉冲。与主呼吸机连接件104所提供的气体112不同,氧气140的脉冲不包括空气114。
被输送到加湿器141和患者回路110的气体112和/或氧气140的脉冲由此作为吸气或吹入气体108而被引导至患者连接件106,该患者连接件106至少部分地将这些气体引导到患者的肺143。每当患者在呼吸的呼气阶段期间呼气或在咳嗽辅助的吹出阶段期间吹出时,吹出气体107经由患者连接件106进入患者回路110。因此,患者回路110可包含以下气体中的一种或多种:由呼吸机100提供的气体112,氧气140的脉冲和吹出气体107。为了便于说明,患者回路110内的气体在下文中被称为“患者气体”。
呼吸机100可任选地包括抽吸连接件150,该抽吸连接件150被配置为耦合到可选的抽吸组件152。呼吸机100可经由可选的抽吸连接件150向可选的抽吸组件152提供抽吸154。抽吸组件152可以被配置为连接到患者连接件件106,可定位在患者连接件106内的抽吸导管(catheter)(未示出)和/或引流管(drain)(未示出)。
此外,呼吸机100可包括可选的雾化器连接件160,该雾化器连接件160被配置为耦合到可选的雾化器组件162。呼吸机100可经由可选的雾化器连接件160将气体164(例如,空气114)提供给可选的雾化器组件162。可选的喷雾器组件162可被配置成连接到患者回路110。然而,这不是必需的。任选地,呼吸机100可包括出口端166,废气167可通过出口端166从呼吸机100排出。
呼吸机100可被配置为便携式的并且由内部电池(未示出)和/或外部电源(未示出)例如传统的壁式插座来供电。呼吸机100还包括通气组件190,用户界面170,氧气组件172,控制系统174,以及传统的监测和报警系统176。控制系统174接收来自用户界面170的输入信息196(例如,设置,参数值等),并且向用户界面170提供输出信息198(例如,性能信息,状态信息等)。用户界面170被配置为从用户(例如,护理人员,临床医生以及与患者102相关联的人员)接收输入,并在输入信息196中将该输入提供给控制系统174。用户界面170还可被配置为向用户显示输出信息198。
通气组件190可以从控制系统174接收一个或多个控制信号192,并且通气组件190可以向控制系统174提供一个或多个数据信号194。通气组件190还可经由多内腔连接件103接收来自患者回路110的压力信号109。氧气组件172可以从控制系统174接收一个或多个控制信号178,并且氧气组件172可以向控制系统174提供一个或多个数据信号180。控制信号192和178以及数据信号194和180可由控制系统174使用,以监测和/或控制呼吸机100的内部操作。
图2A和2B是示出通气组件190,加湿器141和旁路系统242的实施方案的示意图。参考图2A和2B,通气组件190包括咳嗽辅助阀204,蓄能器202和内部细菌过滤器230。咳嗽辅助阀204通过管道或流动管线214连接到(a)蓄能器202,通过管道或流动管线215连接到(b)出口端166,以及通过管道或流动管线273连接到(c)主呼吸机连接件104。图2A描绘了处于用于正常呼吸的第一配置和咳嗽辅助的吹入阶段的咳嗽辅助阀204,图2B描绘了处于用于咳嗽辅助的吹出阶段的第二配置的咳嗽辅助阀204。
参考图2A,在第一配置中,咳嗽辅助阀204从蓄能器202(经由流动管线214)接收气体252,并且将气体252输出到主呼吸机连接件104(经由流动管线273)。在呼吸的吸气阶段或由呼吸机100执行的咳嗽辅助操作的吹入阶段期间,气体252流过鼓风机222和咳嗽辅助阀204(参见图1)。在正常呼吸/通气以及咳嗽辅助的吹入阶段期间,咳嗽辅助阀204保持在第一配置中。用于支持正常呼吸和通气的典型压力范围在吸气期间可以约为10-40cm H2O,而在呼气期间可以约为0-10cm H2O。在咳嗽辅助期间,咳嗽辅助阀204在吹入阶段期间处于第一配置(图2A),并且在吹出阶段期间处于第二配置(图2B)。用以提供咳嗽辅助功能的典型压力范围通常高于用于正常呼吸/通气的压力,例如在吹入期间约为30-70cm H2O而在吹出期间约为负30-70cm H2O。
咳嗽辅助阀204具有阀-至-鼓风机出口206,鼓风机-至-阀入口208,进气口210,排气口212和孔213。孔213通过流动管线273连接到主呼吸机连接件104。如图2A所示,当咳嗽辅助阀204处于第一配置时,进气口210与阀-至-鼓风机出口206流体连通,并且鼓风机-至-阀入口208与孔213流体连通。此外,排气口212关闭,使得阀-至-鼓风机出口206和进气口210仅通过鼓风机222与孔213流体连通。因此,气体252可以流入进气口210,通过咳嗽辅助阀204的一部分到达阀-至-鼓风机出口206,并进入鼓风机222。从鼓风机222流出的气体252流入鼓风机-至-阀入口208,通过咳嗽辅助阀204的另一部分,并进入孔213。孔213连接到流动管线273,该流动管线273将气体252引导至主呼吸机连接件104。
在吸气或吹入期间,气体252经过主呼吸机连接件104,穿过细菌过滤器230并到达旁路系统242。在图2A所示的实施方案中,旁路系统242具有耦合到加湿器141的第一阀244和第二阀246。在正常呼吸/通气和吹入期间,气体252流过第一阀244并进入加湿器141,在加湿器141中进行加湿。然后,气体252经过旁路系统242的输出并进入患者回路110。旁路系统242的第二阀246防止气体252直接通过并到达患者回路110而不首先通过加湿器141。下面参考图3-5B更为详细地描述旁路系统242的操作。
参照图2B,在第二配置中,咳嗽辅助阀204经由流动管线273接收吹出气体253,并且经由流动管线215将吹出气体253(例如废气167)输出到出口端166。在由呼吸机100执行的咳嗽辅助的吹出阶段期间,吹出气体253流经鼓风机222和咳嗽辅助阀204(参见图1)。
如图2B所示,当咳嗽辅助阀204处于第二配置时,进气口210关闭,并且鼓风机-至-阀入口208和排气口212仅通过鼓风机222与孔213流体连通。此外,孔213与阀-至-鼓风机出口206流体连通,并且鼓风机-至-阀入口208与排气口212流体连通。因此,吹出气体253流入孔213,穿过咳嗽辅助阀204的一部分,到达阀-至-鼓风机出口206,并进入鼓风机222。离开鼓风机222的吹出气体253流入鼓风机-至-阀入口208,通过咳嗽辅助阀204的一部分,并通过排气口212离开咳嗽辅助阀204。排气口212连接到流动管线215,该流动管线215将吹出气体253引导到出口端166。
在吹出期间,气体253经过患者回路110,通过旁路系统242的第二阀246,并且在到达主呼吸机连接件104之前穿过细菌过滤器230。旁路系统242的第二阀246允许气体253传递到主呼吸机连接件104,而旁路系统242的第一阀244防止气体253通过加湿器141返回。例如,第一阀244在吹出流期间关闭以防止气体253通过加湿器141返回至主呼吸机连接件144。因此,高速吹出气体253不能将来自加湿器141的液体夹带到返回至呼吸机100的气体253流中。下面参考图3-5B更为详细地描述旁路系统242的操作。
图3示出了包括具有集成的咳嗽辅助功能的呼吸机100的系统300,呼吸机100耦合到患者回路110以及配备有旁路系统242的实施方案的加湿器141。如图所示,加湿器141的该实施方案和旁路系统242与患者回路110相联机。患者回路110包括连接到细菌过滤器230和旁路系统242的一侧的第一导管301,以及连接到旁路系统242的另一侧的第二导管303。第二导管303的远端305可以连接到患者连接件106(图1)。
加湿器141包括具有集成的加热器的基座307和被配置为保留有水的腔室309。在操作中,基座307加热腔室309中的水以产生水蒸气。因此,经过腔室309的吸气和吹入气体在被输送到患者之前被加湿。
旁路系统242与腔室309以及患者回路110的第一导管301和第二导管303流体连通。具体地,旁路系统242包括第一管道311,该第一管道311在加湿器141的腔室309和患者回路110的第一导管301之间延伸。另外,旁路系统242包括第二管道313,该第二管道313在加湿器141的腔室309和患者回路110的第二导管303之间延伸。旁路系统242还可包括桥接器315,该桥接器315在与腔室309间隔开的位置处流体地耦合到第一管道311和第二管道313,并在第一管道311和第二管道313之间延伸。
第一阀244被设置在第一管道311中,位于桥接器315和第一管道311的交叉点下方的位置。第一阀244可以是单向阀,其被配置为在当第一导管301中的压力高于腔室309中的压力时打开,但是当腔室309中的压力高于第一导管301中的压力时关闭。因此,在吸气或吹入期间,气体从呼吸机100,从患者回路110的第一导管301流出,通过第一管道311并通过第一阀244进入加湿器141的腔室309。然而,在呼气或吹出期间,则防止气体通过腔室309流回并向上流回至第一管道311。
第二阀246被设置在旁路系统242的桥接器315中。第二阀246可以是单向阀,其被配置为朝向第一管道311打开,使得在吹出期间,来自患者的气体从患者回路110的第二导管303通过第二管道313,通过桥接器315,并通过第二阀246朝呼吸机100流动。因此,第一阀244和第二阀246的相反的单向方向及位置将高速吹出气流引导至呼吸机100而不经过加湿器141。
第一阀244和第二阀246可以是许多不同类型的阀。例如,阀244,246中的一个或两个可以是球形止回阀,隔膜止回阀,叶片阀,旋启式止回阀,倾斜盘止回阀,瓣阀,或允许在一个方向上流动而不允许在相反方向上流动的任何其他合适的阀。第一阀244和第二阀246可以是被动阀,其被配置为于存在流动的情况下在一个方向上打开而无需致动。在其他实施方案中,阀中的一个或两个可以是主动阀,其被电子地控制以响应于从控制器所传递的信号以打开或关闭(参见图5)。
系统300通过旁路系统242提供第一流动路径(flowpath)317。第一流动路径317接收从呼吸机100流经患者回路110的第一导管301并进入旁路系统242的第一管道的气体。当第二阀246关闭时,第一阀244于存在沿第一流动路径317的方向流动的气体的情况下打开。因此,第一流动路径317继续通过第一阀244,通过加湿器141的腔室309,并进入旁路系统242的第二管道313中。第一流动路径317将气体输送到患者回路110的第二导管303中,在第二导管303中经过患者回路110的远端305并到达患者。在此第一流动路径317中,气体(例如,由呼吸机100在呼吸辅助(吸气)或咳嗽辅助(吹入)模式中提供的气体)在到达患者回路110的远端305并被输送到患者之前被加湿。
系统300还通过旁路系统242提供第二流动路径319。第二流动路径319接收从患者回路110的远端305流经患者回路的第二导管303并进入旁路系统242的第二管道313的气体。在第二阀246打开时,第一阀244于存在沿第二流动路径319的方向流动的气体的情况下保持关闭。因此,第二流动路径319继续通过桥接器315并通过旁路系统242的第一管道311流出。第二流动路径319将气体输送到患者回路110的第一导管301中,然后在第一导管301中通过细菌过滤器230并进入呼吸机100。在此第二流动路径319中,气体(例如,在咳嗽辅助期间从患者中抽出的吹出气体)不通过加湿器141的腔室309。因此,液体从腔室309经过患者回路110的第一导管301进入细菌过滤器230和/或呼吸机100的风险会降低。
图4A-4D示出了耦合到加湿器的腔室309的旁路系统242的实施方案的几种视图。图4A是透视图,图4B是局部分解图,图4C是侧视图,而图4D是沿图4C中的线4D-4D截取的横截面图。共同参考图4A-4D,旁路系统242与腔室309相接合,并且腔室309可被配置为耦合到标准的市售加湿器基座。一旦耦合到加湿器基座,腔室309内的液体就可以被加热。图4A-4D所示的实施方案中的腔室309包括主体401,该主体401具有第一杆403和远离主体401的突出的第二杆405。旁路系统242的第一管道311接合腔室309的第一杆403,第一阀244位于第一管道311内,使得通过第一管道311并通过第一杆403进入腔室309的主体401的气体必须通过第一阀244。如上面参考图3所述,旁路系统242的第一管道311连接到患者回路110的第一导管301,其将气体输送到呼吸机100并从呼吸机100输送气体。
旁路系统242的第二管道313耦合到腔室309的第二杆405。如前所述,旁路系统242的第二管道313连接到患者回路110的第二导管303,其连接到患者连接器并将气体输送到患者以及从患者输送气体。桥接器315在旁路系统242的第一管道311和第二管道313之间延伸,并且第二阀246在桥接器315中。
旁路系统242还可以具有耦合到腔室309的第二杆405的再填充端口(re-fillingport)407。该再填充端口407可以与第二管道313共享导管的一部分,使得液体可通过再填充端口407被提供至腔室309。在其他实施方案中,腔室309可通过单独的端口被填充。
图5A和5B示出了根据本技术的加湿器旁路系统501的另一实施方案的截面图。旁路系统501通常可类似于图4A-4D中所示的旁路系统242系统,除了旁路系统501包括单个可控阀503,该单个可控阀503被耦合到集成在以上关于图1所描述的控制系统174中的控制器505。响应于从控制器505所接收的信号,阀503可以在第一位置(图5A)和第二位置(图5B)之间移动。在第一位置(图5A),阀503允许吸气或吹入气体通过第一管道311,经第一杆403,并进入腔室309,在腔室309中气体被加湿,然后通过第二杆405和第二管道313离开并到达患者。在第二位置(图5B),阀503允许吹出气体穿过桥接器315而通过第二管道313,并通过第一管道311而不通过腔室309离开。当阀503处于第二位置时,腔室309中的液体被阻止流回至呼吸机。因此,单个可控阀503提供了与以上参考图3-4D所描述的双阀系统相类似的功能。
其他实例
1.一种系统,包括:
咳嗽辅助装置,其具有被配置为向患者回路提供吹入气体的第一阶段和被配置为从患者回路抽取吹出气体的第二阶段;
在咳嗽辅助装置和患者回路的远端之间的加湿器,该加湿器包括腔室,该腔室被配置为容纳加热的水并且流体地耦合到咳嗽辅助装置和患者回路;和
旁路,其被配置为将来自患者回路的吹出气体路由至呼吸机,使得吹出气体绕过腔室。
2.根据示例1的系统,其中咳嗽辅助装置包括呼吸机,该呼吸机被配置为在第一模式下提供呼吸辅助并在第二模式下提供咳嗽辅助。
3.根据示例1-2中任一项的系统,其中旁路还被配置为将来自呼吸机的吹入气体引导至患者回路,使得吹入气体在腔室中被加湿。
4.根据示例3的系统,其中旁路包括:
第一阀,其被配置为(a)在吹入气体存在的条件下打开,使得来自咳嗽辅助装置的吹入气体通过腔室,和(b)在吹出气体存在的条件下关闭,以防止吹出气体离开腔室;和
第二阀,其被配置为(a)在来自患者回路的吹出气体存在的条件下打开,使得吹出气体通过呼吸机而不通过腔室,和(b)在吹入气体存在的条件下关闭。
5.根据示例3的系统,其中旁路包括:
第一管道,其远离腔室延伸并将呼吸机流体地耦合到腔室;
第二管道,其远离腔室延伸并将腔室流体地耦合到患者回路的远端;和
桥接器,其连接在第一管道和第二管道之间,并在第一管道和第二管道之间延伸,该桥接器与腔室隔开;
第一阀,其设置在第一管道中,并位于腔室和桥接器之间的位置;和
第二阀,其设置在桥接器中,并位于第一管道和第二管道之间的位置。
6.根据示例5的系统,其中第一阀是单向阀,其被配置为在吹入气体存在的条件下朝向腔室打开,并且其中第二阀是单向阀,其被配置为在吹出气体存在的条件下朝向第一管道打开。
7.一种系统,包括:
咳嗽辅助装置,其具有吹入模块,该吹入模块被配置为向患者回路提供吹入气流,以及吹出模块,该吹出模块被配置为从患者回路抽取吹出气流;
加湿器,其流体地耦合到咳嗽辅助装置和患者回路,该加湿器具有配置为容纳加热的水的腔室;和
旁路,其具有位于咳嗽辅助装置和腔室之间的第一流动路径,位于腔室和患者回路之间的第二流动路径,位于第一和第二流动路径之间的第三流动路径,以及阀系统,其中所述阀系统被配置为-
(a)在吹入期间阻塞第三流动路径,使吹入气流经由第一和第二流动路径通过腔室,并且
(b)在吹出期间打开第三流动路径并阻塞第一流动路径,使吹出气流通过第三流动路径并绕过腔室。
8.根据示例7的系统,其中阀系统包括:
在第一流动路径中的第一被动阀,该第一被动阀位于腔室与第一流动路径和第三流动路径之间的交叉点之间;和
在第三流动路径中的第二被动阀。
9.根据示例8的系统,其中第一被动阀包括第一止回阀,该第一止回阀被配置为在吹入期间朝向腔室打开,并且其中第二被动阀包括第二止回阀,该第二止回阀被配置为在吹出期间朝向第一流动路径打开。
10.根据示例7-9中任一项的系统,其中阀系统包括设置在第一流动路径中的阀,该阀位于第一流动路径和第三流动路径之间的交叉点处,该阀被配置为:
(a)在吹入期间阻塞第三流动路径,使吹入气流经由第一流动路径进入腔室,并且
(b)在吹出期间打开第三流动路径并阻塞第一流动路径,使吹出气流通过第三流动路径并绕过腔室。
11.一种加湿器组件,包括:
腔室,其被配置为在其中保持液体;
加热器,其被配置为将热输送给腔室内的液体;
吹入流动路径,其被配置为从咳嗽辅助装置接收吹入气体,并引导吹入气体通过腔室而到达患者回路;和
吹出流动路径,其被配置为从患者回路接收吹出气体,并引导吹出气体达到咳嗽辅助装置而不通过腔室。
12.根据示例11的加湿器组件,进一步包括
第一管道,其远离腔室延伸并被配置为将咳嗽辅助装置流体地耦合到腔室;
第二管道,其远离腔室延伸并被配置为将腔室流体地耦合到患者回路;和
桥接器,其连接在第一管道和第二管道之间,并在第一管道和第二管道之间延伸,该桥接器与腔室隔开。
13.根据示例12的加湿器组件,进一步包括第一阀,该第一阀设置在第一管道中,并在腔室和桥接器之间的位置处,
其中,吹入流动路径通过第一阀。
14.根据示例13的加湿器组件,其中吹出流动路径不通过第一阀。
15.根据示例12-14中任一项的加湿器组件,进一步包括第二阀,该第二阀设置在桥接器中,并在第一管道和第二管道之间的位置处,
其中,吹出流动路径通过第二阀。
16.根据示例15的加湿器组件,其中吹入流动路径不通过第二阀。
17.一种向患者提供咳嗽辅助的方法,该方法包括:
经由患者回路将来自咳嗽辅助装置的吹入气体输送给患者;和
经由患者回路将来自患者的吹出气体抽出,其中该吹出气体在到达咳嗽辅助装置之前绕过加湿器。
18.根据示例17的方法,其中抽出吹出气体包括在患者回路中提供负30-70cm H2O之间的压力。
19.根据示例17-18中任一项的方法,其中输送吹入气体包括使吹入气体通过加湿器中的腔室,从而在吹入气体到达患者之前对其进行加湿。
20.根据示例17-19中任一项的方法,其中抽出吹出气体包括使吹出气体通过被耦合到加湿器的旁路。
21.根据示例20的方法,其中旁路包括:
第一阀,其被配置为(a)在输送吹入气体时打开,使来自咳嗽辅助装置的吹入气体通过加湿器中的腔室,以及(b)在吹出气体存在的条件下关闭,以防止吹出气体从腔室离开;和
第二阀,其被配置为(a)在从患者回路抽出吹出气体时打开,使吹出气体通过呼吸机而不通过腔室,和(b)在吹入气体存在的条件下关闭。
以上对本技术的实施方案的详细描述并非旨在穷举或将本技术限制于上文所公开的精确形式。尽管出于说明性目的在上文中描述了本技术的特定实施方案和示例,但是如相关技术领域的技术人员将认识到的,在本技术的范围内可以进行多种等同修改。例如,虽然以给定的顺序来呈现步骤,但是替代实施方案则可以以不同顺序来执行步骤。本文所描述的几种实施方案也可以进行组合以提供进一步的实施方案。
从前述内容可以理解,虽然本文出于说明的目的已经描述了本技术的特定实施方案,但是未详细示出或描述公知的结构和功能以避免不必要地导致本技术实施方案的描述变得模糊不清。在上下文允许的情况下,单数或复数术语也可以分别包括复数或单数术语。
此外,除非词语“或”明确地限于仅指代参考两个或多个项目的列表而排除其他项目的单个项目,否则在这样的列表中使用“或”将被解释为包括(a)列表中的任何单个项目,(b)列表中的所有项目,或(c)列表中项目的任何组合。另外,术语“包括”始终用于表示至少包括所限定的特征,从而不排除任何更多数量的相同特征和/或其他类型的其他特征。还应当理解的是,本文出于说明的目的已经描述了特定的实施方案,但是在不脱离本技术的情况下可以进行多种修改。此外,虽然在那些实施方案的上下文中已经描述了与本技术的某些实施方案相关联的优点,但是其他实施方案也可以表现出这样的优点,并且并非所有实施方案都必须表现出这些优点才能落入本技术范围内。因此,本公开和相关技术可以包含未在本文中明确示出或描述的其他实施方案。
Claims (16)
1.一种咳嗽辅助系统,包括:
咳嗽辅助装置,其具有被配置为向患者回路提供吹入气体的第一阶段和被配置为从所述患者回路抽取吹出气体的第二阶段;
在所述咳嗽辅助装置和所述患者回路的远端之间的加湿器,所述加湿器包括腔室,所述腔室被配置为容纳加热的水并且流体地耦合到所述咳嗽辅助装置和所述患者回路;以及
旁路,其被配置为将来自所述患者回路的吹出气体路由至咳嗽辅助装置,使得在所述腔室流体地耦合到所述咳嗽辅助装置和所述患者回路的情况下所述吹出气体的至少一部分绕过所述腔室。
2.如权利要求1所述的咳嗽辅助系统,其中所述咳嗽辅助装置包括呼吸机,所述呼吸机被配置为在第一模式下提供呼吸辅助并在第二模式下提供咳嗽辅助。
3.如权利要求1所述的咳嗽辅助系统,其中所述旁路进一步被配置为将来自所述咳嗽辅助装置的吹入气体引导至所述患者回路,使得所述吹入气体在所述腔室中被加湿。
4.如权利要求3所述的咳嗽辅助系统,其中所述旁路包括:
第一阀,其被配置为(a)在吹入气体存在的条件下打开,使得来自所述咳嗽辅助装置的吹入气体通过所述腔室,和(b)在吹出气体存在的条件下关闭,以防止吹出气体离开所述腔室;和
第二阀,其被配置为(a)在来自所述患者回路的吹出气体存在的条件下打开,使得所述吹出气体的至少一部分通过所述咳嗽辅助装置 而不通过所述腔室,和(b)在吹入气体存在的条件下关闭。
5.如权利要求3所述的咳嗽辅助系统,其中所述旁路包括:
第一管道,其远离所述腔室延伸并将所述咳嗽辅助装置流体地耦合到所述腔室;
第二管道,其远离所述腔室延伸并将所述腔室流体地耦合到所述患者回路的远端;和
桥接器,其连接在所述第一管道和所述第二管道之间,并在所述第一管道和所述第二管道之间延伸,所述桥接器与所述腔室隔开;
第一阀,其设置在所述第一管道中,并位于所述腔室和所述桥接器之间的位置上;和
第二阀,其设置在所述桥接器中,并位于所述第一管道和所述第二管道之间的位置上。
6.如权利要求5所述的咳嗽辅助系统,其中所述第一阀是单向阀,其被配置为在吹入气体存在的条件下朝向所述腔室打开,并且其中所述第二阀是单向阀,其被配置为在吹出气体存在的条件下朝向所述第一管道打开。
7.一种咳嗽辅助系统,包括:
咳嗽辅助装置,其具有吹入模块,所述吹入模块被配置为向患者回路提供吹入气流,以及吹出模块,所述吹出模块被配置为从所述患者回路抽取吹出气流;
加湿器,其被流体地耦合到所述咳嗽辅助装置以及所述患者回路,所述加湿器具有被配置为容纳加热的水的腔室;和
旁路,其具有位于所述咳嗽辅助装置和所述腔室之间的第一流动路径,具有位于所述腔室和所述患者回路之间的第二流动路径,具有位于所述第一和第二流动路径之间的第三流动路径,以及阀系统,其中,在所述加湿器流体地耦合至所述咳嗽辅助装置的情况下,所述阀系统被配置为-
(a)在吹入期间阻塞所述第三流动路径,使所述吹入气流经由所述第一和第二流动路径通过所述腔室,并且
(b)在吹出期间打开所述第三流动路径并阻塞所述第一流动路径,使所述吹出气流的至少一部分通过所述第三流动路径并绕过所述腔室。
8.如权利要求7所述的咳嗽辅助系统,其中所述阀系统包括:
在所述第一流动路径中的第一被动阀,所述第一被动阀位于所述腔室与所述第一流动路径和所述第三流动路径之间的交叉点之间;和
在所述第三流动路径中的第二被动阀。
9.如权利要求8所述的咳嗽辅助系统,其中所述第一被动阀包括第一止回阀,所述第一止回阀被配置为在吹入期间朝向所述腔室打开,并且其中所述第二被动阀包括第二止回阀,所述第二止回阀被配置为在吹出期间朝向所述第一流动路径打开。
10.如权利要求7所述的咳嗽辅助系统,其中所述阀系统包括设置在所述第一流动路径中的阀,所述阀位于所述第一流动路径和所述第三流动路径之间的交叉点处,所述阀被配置为:
(a)在吹入期间阻塞所述第三流动路径,使所述吹入气流经由所述第一流动路径进入所述腔室,并且
(b)在吹出期间打开所述第三流动路径并阻塞所述第一流动路径,使所述吹出气流的至少一部分通过所述第三流动路径并绕过所述腔室。
11.一种加湿器组件,包括:
腔室,其被配置为在其中保持液体;
加热器,其被配置为将热输送给所述腔室内的液体;
吹入流动路径,其被配置为从咳嗽辅助装置接收吹入气体并引导所述吹入气体通过所述腔室而到达患者回路;和
吹出流动路径,其被配置为从所述患者回路接收吹出气体并引导所述吹出气体的至少一部分到达所述咳嗽辅助装置而在所述加湿器组件流体地耦合至所述咳嗽辅助装置和所述患者回路时不通过所述腔室。
12.如权利要求11所述的加湿器组件,进一步包括
第一管道,其远离所述腔室延伸并且被配置为将所述咳嗽辅助装置流体地耦合到所述腔室;
第二管道,其远离所述腔室延伸并且被配置为将所述腔室流体地耦合到所述患者回路;和
桥接器,其连接在所述第一管道和所述第二管道之间,并在所述第一管道和所述第二管道之间延伸,所述桥接器与所述腔室隔开。
13.如权利要求12所述的加湿器组件,进一步包括第一阀,所述第一阀设置在所述第一管道中,并位于所述腔室和所述桥接器之间的位置处,
其中所述吹入流动路径通过所述第一阀。
14.如权利要求13所述的加湿器组件,其中所述吹出流动路径不通过所述第一阀。
15.如权利要求12所述的加湿器组件,进一步包括第二阀,所述第二阀设置在所述桥接器中,并位于所述第一管道和所述第二管道之间的位置处,
其中所述吹出流动路径通过所述第二阀。
16.如权利要求15所述的加湿器组件,其中所述吹入流动路径不通过所述第二阀。
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US20230414898A1 (en) | 2023-12-28 |
JP7008964B2 (ja) | 2022-01-25 |
EP3471813A1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
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WO2017222913A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
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CN115253001A (zh) | 2022-11-01 |
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US20210196920A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
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