CN109314784B - 用于编码视频内容的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于编码视频内容的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN109314784B
CN109314784B CN201780037033.5A CN201780037033A CN109314784B CN 109314784 B CN109314784 B CN 109314784B CN 201780037033 A CN201780037033 A CN 201780037033A CN 109314784 B CN109314784 B CN 109314784B
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stream
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CN109314784A (zh
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W·D·阿米德
A·希弗达斯
K·D-Y·吴
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Devi Vision Co ltd
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Abstract

公开了根据本发明的实施例的使用多个编码器对视频内容的多个备用流进行编码的系统和方法。编码系统包括多个编码器。每个编码器接收被分成多个部分的视频内容的源流。每个编码器根据源流的部分生成多个备用流的部分。由特定编码器生成的备用流的部分被存储在用于特定编码器的容器中。每个编码器还生成由编码器生成的备用流的部分的索引信息，该索引信息存储在编码器的清单中。

Description

用于编码视频内容的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及自适应流处理，更特别地，涉及将视频数据编码成具有不同最大比特率的流的系统和使用这些流来从编码流中获得编码视频内容的回放设备。
背景技术
术语“流媒体”描述了媒体在回放设备上的回放，其中媒体被存储于服务器上并且在回放期间通过网络连续地被发送到回放设备。典型地，在回放期间回放设备在任何给定时间将足够数量的媒体存储在缓冲器中，以防止由于回放设备在接收到媒体的下一部分之前完成所有已缓冲的媒体的回放而导致的回放中断。自适应比特率流处理或自适应流处理涉及实时地检测当前流处理条件(例如用户的网络带宽和CPU能力)并相应地调整经流处理的媒体的质量。典型地，按多个比特率对源媒体进行编码，并且回放设备或客户端根据可用的资源来在不同编码的流处理之间切换。
自适应流处理方案典型地利用由互联网工程任务组和万维网联盟发布为RFC2616的超文本传输协议(HTTP)或者由互联网工程任务组发布为RFC 2326的实时流传输协议(RTSP)，来在服务器和回放设备之间流处理媒体。HTTP是一种无状态协议，它使回放设备能够请求文件内的字节范围。HTTP被描述为是无状态的，因为服务器不需要记录关于请求信息的回放设备的状态或由回放设备请求的字节范围的信息以便对从回放设备接收的请求作出响应。RTSP是用于控制流媒体服务器的网络控制协议。回放设备向流处理媒体的服务器发出控制命令，诸如“回放”和“暂停”，来控制媒体文件的回放。当利用RTSP时，媒体服务器记录每个客户端设备的状态，并基于从客户端设备接收的指令和客户端的状态确定要流处理的媒体。
在自适应流处理系统中，源媒体典型地作为顶级索引文件或清单(manifest)存储在媒体服务器上，顶级索引文件或清单指向包含实际的视频和音频数据的多个备用流。每个流典型地存储在一个或多个容器文件中。不同的自适应流处理方案典型地利用不同的索引和媒体容器。由万维网联盟开发的同步多媒体集成语言(SMIL)用于在若干自适应流处理方案中创建索引，自适应流处理方案包括由华盛顿州雷蒙德市的微软公司开发的IIS平滑流处理和由加利福尼亚州圣何塞市的Adobe系统公司开发的Flash动态流处理。由加利福尼亚州库比蒂诺市的苹果计算机公司开发的HTTP自适应比特率流处理使用扩展的M3U回放列表文件(.M3U8)实现索引文件，扩展的M3U回放列表文件是包含典型地标识媒体容器文件的URI的列表的文本文件。最常用的媒体容器格式是MPEG-4第14部分(即ISO/IEC 14496-14)中指定的MP4容器格式和MPEG-2第1部分(即ISO/IEC标准13818-1)中指定的MPEG传输流(TS)容器。MP4容器格式被用在IIS平滑流处理和Flash动态流处理中。TS容器被用在HTTP自适应比特率流处理中。
Matroska容器是作为开放标准项目由法国奥松内的Matroska非营利组织开发的媒体容器。Matroska容器基于可扩展二进制元语言(EBML)，EBML是可扩展标记语言(XML)的二进制衍生。许多消费者电子(CE)设备支持Matroska容器的解码。由加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥市的DivX有限责任公司开发的DivX Plus文件格式利用Matroska容器格式的扩展(即，基于Matroska容器格式，但包括未在Matroska格式内指定的元素)。
为了提供用于通过互连网递送媒体内容的一致手段，国际标准化组织(ISO)和国际电工委员会(IEC)已提出了基于HTTP的动态自适应流处理(DASH)标准。DASH标准指定了媒体内容的格式和内容描述以便使用HTTP递送MPEG内容。根据DASH，用于呈现的媒体内容的每个成分存储在一个或多个流中。每个流被分成片段。媒体呈现描述(MPD)是包括关于每个流中的片段的信息以及在回放期间呈现媒体内容所需的其他信息的数据结构。回放设备使用MPD来使用自适应比特率流处理来获得媒体内容的组件以进行回放。
随着流处理内容的速度提高，诸如体育赛事和音乐会之类的现场活动的流处理已经变得普及。然而，将来自现场活动的视频内容编码成用于自适应比特率流处理的流是个问题。为此，编码器服务器系统典型地使用专门被设计为将视频内容编码成各种流的硬件编码器。获得这些专用编码器是昂贵的。因此，本领域技术人员一直在努力寻找专用编码器的低成本替代。
发明内容
公开了根据本发明的一些实施例的用于将视频内容编码成具有不同最大比特率的多个流以及使用回放设备获得视频内容的系统和方法。根据许多实施例的处理以如下方式执行。编码系统中的每个服务器从内容提供者系统接收视频内容的源流的各个部分。每个编码器使用在每个编码器中接收的源流的部分对备用流中的一部分进行编码。由每个特定编码器编码的备用流的部分被存储在用于该特定编码器的容器中。每个编码器然后生成由每个编码器生成的备用流的部分的索引信息，并将索引信息存储在由特定编码器生成的备用流的部分的清单中。
根据本发明的一些实施例，由每个编码器编码的备用流的部分是备用流中的一个，并且以下列方式由每个编码器生成流。编码器接收源流的每个部分，并对来自源流的每个部分的备用流的片段进行编码，以生成备用流的片段。根据这些实施例中的多个实施例，每个特定编码器具有用于生成流的特定参数集。每个编码器还生成由该特定编码器生成的每个片段的索引信息，并将索引信息存储在特定编码器的清单中。根据这些实施例中的若干实施例，由特定编码器生成的备用流具有特定的最大比特率作为参数。根据这些实施例中的更进一步的实施例，由不同编码器生成的备用流的至少两个备用流具有相同的最大比特率和不同的至少一个其他参数。根据这些实施例中的许多，至少一个其他参数选自包含宽高比、帧率和分辨率的一组参数。
根据本发明的一些实施例，该系统包括N个编码器，其中N是整数，并且N个编码器中的每个编码器将源流的部分的1/N编码成每个备用流的片段。根据一些实施例，以下列方式执行将源流的1/N部分编码成每个备用流中的片段。为每个编码器分配第M编码顺序，其中M是从1到N的整数。每个编码器将接收到的源流的第M部分以及此后从源流的接收的每第N部分确定为由第M编码器编码的源流的部分集合。对部分的编码包括将该部分编码成每个备用流中的片段。索引信息的生成包括为针对每个备用流中的每个部分生成的每个片段生成索引信息，并且将从部分集合中的每个部分生成的每个片段的索引信息存储在第M编码器的清单中。根据这些实施例中的一些实施例，每个第M编码器丢弃不在第M编码器的部分集合中的每个部分。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的自适应比特率流处理系统的网络图。
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的编码服务器系统的组件的框图。
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的编码器服务器系统中的处理系统的组件的框图，该编码器服务器系统将视频内容编码成具有不同最大比特率的流。
图4示出了根据本发明实施例的回放设备中的处理系统的组件的框图，该回放设备使用具有不同最大比特率的编码流来经由自适应比特率流处理从编码系统获得视频内容。
图5示出了根据本发明实施例的由编码器服务器系统中的每个编码器执行以将视频内容编码成在自适应比特率流处理系统中使用的流之一的处理的流程图。
图6示出了根据本发明实施例的由编码器服务器系统中的N个编码器中的每个编码器执行以对视频内容的每第N片段进行编码的处理的流程图。
图7示出了根据本发明实施例的由回放设备执行以获得流的清单信息并使用流来利用自适应比特率系统获得视频内容的处理的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在转到附图，示出了根据本发明的一些实施例的用于将视频内容编码成用于自适应比特率流处理的流并使用回放设备获得流的系统和方法。根据本发明的一些实施例，编码系统包括多于一个编码器。根据这些实施例中的一些实施例，编码器可以由编码系统中的处理系统执行的软件提供。根据许多实施例，编码器可以由编码系统中的固件提供。根据多个实施例，编码器由服务器系统中的硬件提供。
编码系统从源接收包括嵌入式时间戳的视频内容的源流。根据一些实施例，视频内容是实时记录的现场馈送。根据这些实施例中的一些实施例，视频内容的源流包括根据通用时间的时间戳。
根据一些实施例，每个编码器用于生成要用于内容的自适应比特率流处理的一组流中的单个流。根据这些实施例中的一些实施例，所有编码器开始接收视频内容源流的部分，并使用所接收的部分内的嵌入式时间戳来同步。当每个编码器从源系统接收到视频内容的源流的部分时，编码器将接收的视频内容的源流的部分编码成具有特定于每个编码器的预定义参数的流的片段。根据一些实施例，由每个编码器产生的流具有与由其他编码器产生的流不同的最大比特率(或不同的目标平均比特率)。根据一些其他实施例，在由各种编码器生成的流中可以改变包括但不限于宽高比、分辨率和帧率的其他参数。
根据本发明的一些实施例，每个编码器将所生成的部分存储在用于所生成的流的一个或多个容器文件中。根据本发明的许多实施例，编码器还生成流的每个所生成的部分的索引或清单信息，并将生成的索引或清单信息添加到索引文件或清单。重复该处理，直到收到源流的末尾。
根据一些其他实施例，编码系统包括多个(N个)编码器，并且每个编码器使用不同的编码参数集多次编码源流的一部分(例如1/N)，以针对流的自适应集中的每个流创建片段。根据这些实施例中的一些实施例，每个编码器被分配在处理顺序中的位置。每个编码器然后开始接收视频内容的源流。当每个编码器接收到源流的部分时，编码器确定部分是否是分配给编码器的源流的第N片段。如果部分不是第N片段，则编码器丢弃该片段。如果部分是第N片段，则编码器根据该组流中的各个流的每个配置文件将接收的部分编码成片段，并将这些片段存储在用于适当的流的容器文件中。编码器然后为每个所生成的片段生成索引或清单信息，并将信息添加到适当的索引文件或清单。根据这些实施例中的许多实施例，索引或清单信息被添加到由编码器产生的片段的清单中。根据一些其他实施例，为各种流产生的每个片段的索引或清单信息被添加到为特定流维护的索引文件或清单中和/或被存储在存储器中的数据库中以供将来在生成清单文件中使用。由每个编码器重复该处理，直到每个编码器接收到源流的末尾。
根据一些实施例，媒体内容根据DASH标准存储在流中。然而本领域技术人员将认识到，诸如但不限于Matroska(MKV)容器文件格式的格式可用于存储媒体内容的流而不脱离本发明。
通过以如下的方式对每个备用流中的源视频的每个部分进行编码，可以显著增强根据本发明的一些实施例的自适应比特率流处理系统的性能：使得视频片段在每个流中被编码为从瞬时解码器刷新(IDR)帧(其是帧内帧)开始的单个(或至少一个)封闭图片群(GOP)。回放设备可以在视频片段的回放完成时在在回放期间使用的备用流之间切换，并且无论从哪个流获得视频片段，视频片段中的第一帧将是IDR帧，IDR帧可以在除了视频片段内包含的编码媒体之外不参考任何编码媒体的情况下被解码。
在许多实施例中，回放设备从MPD获得关于每个可用流的信息，并选择一个或多个流以在媒体的回放中利用。回放设备还可以请求索引信息，该索引信息索引在有关容器文件内存储的编码视频内容的片段。索引信息可以存储于容器文件中，或者可以与容器文件分开存储于MPD中，或者可以存储于分开的索引文件中。索引信息使得回放设备能够经由HTTP(或另一适当的有状态或无状态协议)从服务器请求与包含编码视频内容的特定部分的容器文件内的编码视频内容的片段相对应的字节范围。根据一些实施例，回放设备使用索引信息来从备用流请求视频内容的片段。随着回放设备从具有视频内容的流请求编码视频内容的片段，回放继续，其中视频内容是以网络条件可支持的最大比特率编码的。
根据本发明的一些实施例，回放设备按下列方式操作以使用由编码系统中的多个编码器生成的流。回放设备请求包括视频内容的媒体内容。响应于该请求，回放设备接收由每个编码器维护和/或生成的MPD或索引文件。回放设备使用嵌入式时间戳来接着将来自各个编码器的MPD或索引文件加入到索引信息的组合自适应集中。回放设备然后使用来自组合自适应集的索引信息来执行自适应比特率流处理以获得视频内容。根据一些其他实施例，服务器使用嵌入式时间戳从由每个编码器生成的MPD或索引文件生成MPD，并将MPD提供给回放设备。回放设备然后使用MPD执行自适应比特率流处理以获得视频内容。
下面进一步讨论根据本发明的一些实施例的使用多个编码器对视频内容到用于自适应比特率流处理的多个流的编码以及由回放设备使用自适应比特率流处理从所生成的流获得视频内容的处理。
自适应流处理系统架构
现在转到图1，示出了根据本发明实施例的包括使用多个编码器生成流的编码系统的自适应流处理系统。自适应流处理系统10包括被配置为将包括视频内容的源媒体内容编码为多个备用流的源编码系统12。在所示出的实施例中，源编码器是单个服务器。在其他实施例中，源编码器可以是包括处理器和足够的资源以执行源媒体(包括但不限于视频、音频和/或字幕)到备用流的转码的任何处理设备或处理设备组。典型地，源编码服务器12生成MPD，该MPD包括指示包含流(其中至少多个是备用流)和/或元数据信息的容器文件的索引。备用流是以不同方式编码相同媒体内容的流。在许多情况下，备用流以不同的最大比特率编码媒体内容(诸如但不限于视频内容和/或音频内容)。在许多实施例中，视频内容的备用流以不同的分辨率和/或以不同的帧率编码。然而，源编码器系统12使用多个编码器来生成备用流，并且每个特定编码器生成由该特定编码器生成的一个或多个流的片段的MPD。由各个编码器生成的MPD和容器文件被上载到HTTP服务器14。各种回放设备然后可以使用HTTP或另一适当的无状态协议来经由诸如互联网之类的网络16请求MPD、索引文件和容器文件的部分。
在所示出的实施例中，可以使用来自各个编码器的MPD执行自适应比特率流处理的回放设备包括个人计算机18、CE播放器和移动电话20。根据一些其他实施例，回放设备可以包括消费者电子设备，诸如DVD播放器、蓝光播放器、电视、机顶盒、视频游戏控制台、平板电脑、虚拟现实头戴式装置、增强现实头戴式装置以及能够经由包括(但不限于)HTTP的通信协议连接到服务器和回放编码媒体的其他设备。根据本发明的各种实施例，尽管图1中示出了特定架构，但是可以利用包括执行传统流处理而非自适应比特率流处理的系统的各种架构中的任何架构，这使得回放设备能够请求MPD和容器文件的部分。
编码器系统
图2中示出了根据本发明实施例的使用多个编码器将视频内容编码成备用流以用于自适应比特率流处理的编码器系统。编码系统200包括路由器205和通信地连接到路由器205的编码服务器202。本领域技术人员将认识到，任何数量的服务器或处理器可以被连接到路由器205而不脱离本发明，并且为了清楚和简洁起见仅示出一个服务器。编码器包括多个编码器215-218。根据一些实施例，编码器215-218中的每一个均是正由处理器根据存储在存储器中的指令执行以进行源内容的解码和/或编码的软件的实例化。根据一些其他实施例，编码器215-218中的一个或多个是服务器中对接收的内容进行编码的特定硬件组件。在其他实施例中，编码器中的一个或多个可以是固件组件，其中硬件和软件用于提供编码器。路由器向服务器210的编码器215-218中的每个提供视频内容的输入源流。根据一些实施例，路由器将流的副本传送到每个编码器。根据一些其他实施例，服务器210接收源流并在接收到源流时向每个编码器215提供输入源流的副本。源流包括嵌入式定时信息。
尽管图2中示出了服务器系统的特定架构，但是根据本发明的各种实施例，可以利用包括从接收的流编码视频内容的系统的各种架构中的任何架构。
回放设备
回放设备执行根据本发明的一些实施例的提供用于使用由多个编码器生成的备用流的方法和系统的处理。图3中示出了可以执行根据本发明实施例的处理的回放设备中的相关组件。本领域技术人员将认识到，回放设备可以包括为简洁起见而省略的其他组件而不脱离本发明的所描述的实施例。回放设备300包括处理器305、非易失性存储器310和易失性存储器315。处理器305是处理器、微处理器、控制器或处理器、微处理器和/或控制器的组合，其执行存储在易失性存储器315或非易失性存储器310中的指令以操纵存储在存储器中的数据。非易失性存储器310可以存储用于配置回放设备300执行处理的处理器指令，该处理包括根据本发明的一些实施例的用于使用由多个编码器编码的备用流以使用自适应比特率流处理来获得视频内容的处理。根据各种其他实施例，回放设备可以具有可以包括指令和/或执行这些处理的硬件和/或固件。根据还有其他实施例，用于处理的指令可以存储在适合于特定应用的各种非暂时性计算机可读介质中的任何一种中。
服务器
根据本发明的实施例的使用多个编码器将视频内容编码成用于自适应比特率流处理的流的方法和系统中的处理由诸如编码服务器之类的编码器执行。图4中示出了执行根据本发明的实施例的这些处理的编码服务器中的相关组件。本领域技术人员将认识到，服务器可以包括为简洁起见而省略的其他组件而不脱离本发明的所描述的实施例。服务器400包括处理器405、非易失性存储器410和易失性存储器415。处理器405是处理器、微处理器、控制器或处理器、微处理器和/或控制器的组合，其执行存储在易失性存储器415或非易失性存储器410中的指令以操纵存储在存储器中的数据。非易失性存储器410可以存储用于配置服务器400执行处理的处理器指令和/或用于所利用的处理的数据，该处理包括根据本发明的一些实施例的用于编码媒体内容和/或生成标记信息的处理。根据各种实施例，这些指令可以在服务器软件和/或固件中，可以存储在适合于特定应用的各种非暂时性计算机可读介质中的任何一种中。尽管图4中示出了特定服务器，但是根据本发明的各种实施例，可以利用被配置为执行任何数量的处理的各种服务器中的任何一种。
在编码系统中使用多个编码器将视频内容编码成用于自适应比特率流处理的备用流
根据一些实施例，编码系统使用多个编码器将视频内容编码成用于自适应比特率流处理的备用流。根据本发明的一些实施例，编码器是软件编码器，其是从存储器读取的可以由处理器执行的软件指令的实例化。当期望降低编码器的成本和/或提高系统的可扩展性时，可以使用软件编码器，因为仅需要处理和存储器资源来向系统添加附加的编码器。根据许多实施例，所述多个编码器中的一个或多个是硬件编码器。硬件编码器是被配置为执行用于将接收的内容编码成一个或多个流的处理的电路。根据多个实施例，编码器中的一个或多个可以是固件编码器。固件编码器将一些硬件组件和一些软件处理组合以提供编码器。
可以从内容提供者接收视频内容作为源流。根据一些实施例，视频内容是现场广播，意味着正在实时地捕获和流处理视频内容。视频内容可以包括时间信息。时间信息可以包括但不限于广播时间、呈现时间和/或记录的时间。每个编码器接收视频内容的源流并生成备用流的部分。根据一些实施例，多个编码器中的每个编码器根据源流产生具有编码器特定参数的单个流。根据一些其他实施例，编码系统包括多个(N个)编码器，并且每个编码器使用不同的编码参数集多次对源流的一部分(例如1/N)进行编码以针对流的自适应集中的每个流创建片段。在图5和图6中示出了根据本发明的一些不同实施例的使用多个编码器根据视频内容的源流来对视频内容的备用流进行编码的处理。
图5中示出了根据本发明的实施例的由一组多个编码器中的至少一个执行以从视频内容的源流生成备用流中的单个流的处理的流程图。在处理500中，编码器接收包括定时信息的视频内容的源流的一部分(505)。根据一些实施例，编码器可以使用与该部分一起接收的时间信息来确定编码器将在流中的哪个点开始对流进行编码。由于编码器使用相同的定时信息，因此由编码器执行的编码被同步，使得由每个编码器产生的片段包括依据呈现时间而呈现的相同持续时间的视频内容并且片段被对齐。编码器使用视频内容的源流的一部分来对具有特定于编码器的指定参数的视频内容流的片段进行编码(510)。根据一些实施例，由每个编码器生成的流的指定参数包括不同的最大比特率。
根据一些其他实施例，来自两个或更多个编码器的流具有相同的最大比特率和不同的宽高比、分辨率和/或帧率。编码器还为所生成的片段生成索引或清单信息(515)。所生成的片段被存储在正由编码器生成的流的容器中(520)，并且索引或清单信息被添加到在存储器中存储的流的清单或索引文件中和/或作为更新被递送到客户端回放设备(525)。处理500重复，直到编码器接收到流的末尾和/或流的接收以某种其他方式停止(530)。
尽管上面描述了由编码器执行的用于对视频内容的一组备用流之一进行编码的处理的各种示例，但是本领域技术人员将认识到，可以根据本发明的一些实施例执行用于对流进行编码的其他处理。
根据本发明的一些其他实施例，编码系统包括多个(N个)编码器，并且每个编码器使用不同的编码参数集多次编码源流的一部分(例如1/N)，以针对流的自适应集中的每个流创建片段。为每个编码器分配编码器顺序位置M，其中M是1到N之间的数字。第一编码器将源流的第1部分和此后接收的每第N部分编码成每个备用流的片段。第二编码器将源流的第2接收部分和此后接收的每第N部分处置成每个备用流的片段。同样地，编码顺序1到N中的剩余编码器将此后接收的每N个部分的第M个接收部分编码成各种备用流的片段，其中M是编码顺序位置。因此，每个编码器仅将源流的片段的总数的1/N编码成备用流。这种类型的编码使得片段的可用性为N*|片段持续时间|而非实际时间。因此，可能需要将片段的可用性时间添加到清单中的信息以允许客户端知道片段何时可用。图6中示出了根据本发明的实施例的由N个编码器中的每个编码器执行以从源流生成视频内容的每第N片段的处理的流程图。
在处理600中，编码器接收包括定时信息的视频内容的一部分源流(605)。根据一些实施例，编码器可以使用与该部分一起接收的时间信息来确定编码器在流中的哪个点开始对流进行编码。由于编码器使用来自源流的相同定时信息，因此由编码器执行的编码被同步，使得由每个编码器产生的片段包括依据呈现时间而呈现的相同量的视频内容并且片段与后续片段对齐。
编码器然后确定所接收的部分是否是要处理的源流的第N部分之一(610)。根据一些实施例，可以通过使用计数器来对接收的部分进行计数并将当前计数与M比较并且确定该计数是否等于M或是M的倍数来执行确定，其中M是编码器位置顺序。根据一些其他实施例，所接收的源流的部分的元数据被用于进行确定。
如果所接收的部分不是编码器要处理的部分之一，则编码器丢弃所接收的流的部分(615)。如果确定所接收的部分是编码器要编码的输入流的部分之一，则编码器基于每个备用流的特定参数对每个备用流的片段中的部分进行编码(620)。流的参数包括但不限于最大比特率、分辨率、宽高比和帧率。
编码器还生成每个所生成的片段的索引或清单信息(625)。这包括生成每个备用流的清单信息。每个所生成的片段被存储在适当的备用流的容器中(630)，并且索引或清单信息被添加到适当的清单或索引文件(635)。根据一些实施例，清单或索引信息被添加到存储在存储器中的备用流的MPD。根据一些其他实施例，清单或索引信息被添加到由编码器编码的片段的MPD。在其他实施例中，清单或索引信息作为更新被递送到客户端回放设备。重复处理600，直到编码器接收到流的末尾和/或流的接收以某种其他方式停止(640)。
尽管上面描述了由编码器执行的用于对视频内容的每个备用流的每第N片段进行编码的处理的各种示例，但是本领域技术人员将认识到，可以根据本发明的一些实施例执行用于对流的部分进行编码的其他处理。
由回放设备执行以使用由多个编码器生成的备用流来获得视频内容的处理
根据本发明的一些实施例，回放设备使用由多个编码器生成的流来获得用于回放的视频内容。根据本发明的一些实施例，回放设备进行自适应比特率流处理以从使用多个编码器生成的备用流中获得媒体内容。为此，回放设备必须接收由每个编码器生成的MPD以生成组合自适应集，组合自适应集用于使用自适应比特率流处理来获得片段。根据一些实施例，基于由每个编码器生成的MPD中嵌入式时间戳生成组合自适应集。图7中示出了由回放设备执行的用于执行根据本发明的实施例的自适应比特率流处理的处理。
在处理700中，回放设备请求视频内容的索引或清单信息(705)。当编码器生成备用流的片段时，回放设备接收由每个编码器生成的MPD或索引文件(710)。回放设备使用每个MPD中的嵌入式时间戳，从来自编码器的MPD中的索引或清单信息生成组合自适应集(715)。根据一些实施例，所生成的组合自适应集具有与MPD相同的格式，并且是通过用来自接收的MPD的索引或清单信息填充组合自适应集而生成的。回放设备使用组合自适应集来执行自适应比特率流处理以获得用于回放的视频内容(720)。根据一些实施例，回放设备使用组合自适应集来请求视频内容的部分。根据本发明的一些实施例，回放设备监视用于在回放设备和内容提供者系统之间通过网络通信的网络带宽；并选择按可以根据测量的带宽处置的最高的最大比特率编码的音频和/或视频内容的流。用于选择流和启动回放的系统和方法包括在标题为“Systems and Methods for Determining Available Bandwidthand Performing Initial Stream Selection When Commencing Streaming UsingHypertext Transfer Protocol”的美国专利申请公开2013/0007200和标题为“Systemsand Methods for Performing Multiphase Adaptive Bitrate Streaming”的美国专利号8832297中公开的那些，其公开内容通过引用整体并入本文。更具体地，这些参考文献中描述的由回放设备执行的使用自适应比特率流处理来获得视频内容的处理通过引用并入本文。
尽管在图7中公开了根据本发明的实施例的由回放设备执行的使用由多个编码器生成的备用流执行自适应比特率流处理来获得视频内容的处理，但根据本发明的实施例，可以由回放设备执行其他处理以使用由多个编码器生成的备用流来获得视频内容。
尽管已经在某些特定方面描述了本发明，但是对于本领域技术人员来说许多其他修改和变化是明显的。具体地，本发明可以与特技播放轨道相关联地使用，其中根据本发明的一些实施例仅示出了特技播放轨道的某些帧。因此应该理解，在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，本发明可以以不同于具体描述的方式实践，包括实施方式的各种改变，诸如利用支持超出它们所遵循的特定标准内所指定的那些特征的编码器和解码器。因此，本发明的实施例应该在所有方面都被认为是说明性的而非限制性的。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于在编码系统中使用多个编码器根据视频内容的源流来编码视频内容的多个备用流的方法，所述方法包括：
在编码系统中的多个编码器中的每个编码器中接收视频内容的源流的多个部分，其中所述多个编码器包括N个编码器，其中N是整数，并且所述N个编码器中的每个编码器将所述源流的所述多个部分的1/N编码成多个备用流中的每个备用流的片段，其中每个备用流以不同方式对所述视频内容进行编码；
为所述N个编码器中的每个编码器分配第M编码顺序，其中M是从1到N的整数；
在所述N个编码器中的每个编码器中，将在所述N个编码器中的每个第M编码器中接收的源流的第M部分和此后从源流接收的每第N部分确定为由第M编码器编码的源流的部分集合，其中所述源流的所述多个部分包括多于N个部分；
使用所述多个编码器中的每个编码器中接收的所述源流的所述多个部分，在所述多个编码器中的每个编码器中对所述多个备用流的一部分进行编码，包括在所述N个编码器中的每个编码器中，将来自第M编码器的所述源流的部分集合中的每个部分编码成多个片段，其中所述多个片段中的每个片段是所述多个备用流之一中的片段；
将由所述多个编码器中的每个特定编码器编码的所述多个备用流的所述一部分存储在用于所述特定编码器的容器文件中；
生成由所述多个编码器中的每个特定编码器编码的备用流的所述一部分的索引信息，包括在所述N个编码器中的每个编码器中，生成针对来自第M编码器的部分集合中的每个部分生成的所述多个片段中的每个片段的索引信息，其中针对特定部分的索引信息使得回放设备能够请求所述特定部分；以及
将由每个特定编码器生成的所述多个备用流的所述一部分的索引文件中的索引信息存储在所述多个编码器中的特定编码器的索引文件中，包括使用所述N个编码器中的每个编码器，将由第M编码器从所述部分集合中的每个部分生成的所述多个片段中的每个片段的索引信息存储在第M编码器的索引文件中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中由所述多个编码器中的每个编码器编码的所述备用流的所述一部分是所述多个备用流之一，并且所述方法还包括：
在所述多个编码器中的每个编码器中接收所述源流的所述多个部分中的每个部分；
在所述多个编码器中的每个编码器中对来自所述源流的所述多个部分中的每个部分的备用流的片段进行编码，以生成该备用流的多个片段，其中由所述多个编码器中的每个特定编码器生成的每个特定备用流具有特定的一组参数；
在所述多个编码器中的每个特定编码器中生成由所述多个编码器中的特定编码器生成的所述多个片段中的每个片段的索引信息；以及
将由所述多个编码器中的每个特定编码器生成的索引信息存储在所述多个编码器中的所述特定编码器的索引文件中，以生成多个索引文件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中来自由所述多个编码器中的特定编码器生成的所述多个备用流的备用流具有特定的最大比特率作为参数。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中来自由所述多个编码器中的不同编码器生成的所述多个备用流的至少两个备用流具有相同的最大比特率和不同的至少一个其他参数。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述至少一个其他参数选自包含宽高比、帧率和分辨率的一组参数。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括在所述N个编码器的每个编码器中丢弃来自所述多个部分的不在第M编码器的所述部分集合中的每个部分。
7.一种用于根据视频内容的源流来编码视频内容的多个备用流的编码系统，包括：
至少一个处理器；
所述至少一个处理器可访问的存储器；以及
存储在所述存储器中的指令，所述指令当被所述至少一个处理器读取时引导处理器：
提供多个编码器，所述多个编码器包括N个编码器，其中N是整数，其中所述多个编码器中的每个编码器被引导：
接收视频内容的源流的多个部分；
其中所述N个编码器中的每个编码器将所述源流的所述多个部分的1/N编码成多个备用流中的每个备用流的片段，其中每个备用流以不同方式对所述视频内容进行编码；
为所述N个编码器中的每个编码器分配第M编码顺序，
其中M是从1到N的整数；
在所述N个编码器中的每个编码器中，将在所述N个编码器中的每个第M编码器中接收的源流的第M部分和此后从源流接收的每第N部分确定为由第M编码器编码的源流的部分集合；
使用所述源流的所述多个部分对所述多个备用流的一部分进行编码，包括在所述N个编码器中的每个编码器中，将来自第M编码器的所述源流的部分集合中的每个部分编码成多个片段，其中所述多个片段中的每个片段是所述多个备用流之一中的片段；
将经编码的所述多个备用流的所述一部分存储在特定于编码器的容器文件中；
生成由编码器编码的备用流的所述一部分的索引信息，包括在所述N个编码器中的每个编码器中，生成针对来自第M编码器的部分集合中的每个部分生成的所述多个片段中的每个片段的索引信息，其中针对特定部分的索引信息使得回放设备能够请求所述特定部分；以及
将所述索引信息存储在由编码器生成的所述多个备用流的所述一部分的索引文件中，包括使用所述N个编码器中的每个编码器，将由第M编码器从所述部分集合中的每个部分生成的所述多个片段中的每个片段的索引信息存储在第M编码器的索引文件中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中由所述多个编码器中的每个编码器编码的所述备用流的所述一部分是所述多个备用流之一，并且所述多个编码器中的每个编码器还被引导：
接收所述源流的多个部分中的每个部分；
对来自所述源流的多个部分中的每个部分的特定备用流的片段进行编码，以生成所述备用流的多个片段，其中每个特定备用流具有特定的参数；
为所生成的所述多个片段中的每个片段生成索引信息；以及
将所生成的索引信息存储在所述多个编码器中的特定编码器的索引文件中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其中来自由所述多个编码器中的特定编码器生成的所述多个流的备用流具有特定的最大比特率作为参数。
10.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其中来自由所述多个编码器中的不同编码器生成的所述多个备用流的至少两个备用流具有相同的最大比特率和不同的至少一个其他参数。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述至少一个其他参数选自包含宽高比、帧率和分辨率的一组参数。
12.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述N个编码器中的每个编码器还被引导丢弃来自所述多个部分的不在第M编码器的所述部分集合中的每个部分。
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