CN1093066A - 含有在生理介质中分解的玻璃纤维的隔热和/或隔声制品 - Google Patents

含有在生理介质中分解的玻璃纤维的隔热和/或隔声制品 Download PDF

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CN1093066A
CN1093066A CN94103735A CN94103735A CN1093066A CN 1093066 A CN1093066 A CN 1093066A CN 94103735 A CN94103735 A CN 94103735A CN 94103735 A CN94103735 A CN 94103735A CN 1093066 A CN1093066 A CN 1093066A
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伊莎贝尔·科恩
西尔维·特罗汉
汉斯·福塔克
哈特穆特·蒂斯勒
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种玻璃成分,该玻璃成分可用于制 备能在生理介质中分解的纤维,以及含该纤维的隔热 和/或隔声制品。
优选的玻璃成分具有按下列重量百分比计的组 分:
SiO2 57—70%
Al2O3 0—5%
CaO 5—10%
MgO 0—5%
Na2O+K2O 13—18%
B2O3 2—12%
F 0—1.5%
P2O5 0—4%
杂质 <2%

Description

本发明的制品涉及玻璃纤维的成份,更明确地说,是涉及这样一种玻璃纤维,该纤维的组成一与生理介质接触就能发生分解。
建筑物的保温和隔声经常需采用主要由无机纤维(例如玻璃纤维)组成的产品,由于要隔绝处的结构各不相同,故常常要求放置这些产品的施工人员在现场将它们剪裁,这种操作使得纤维发生断裂,且可能使其中的一部分分散到空气中,有时会造成纤维被偶然地吸入人体内。
虽然吸入纤维的毒性一直没有被证实,但是,人们感到需要有一种可以使用户放心的产品,一种真正无害的产品。
本发明的目的在于提供含有一种玻璃纤维的隔热和/或隔声制品,该纤维在与生理介质接触时能迅速地分解。
本发明进一步的目的在于提供能够使用传统工艺(例如离心工艺)转变成纤维的玻璃成分。
用于通过离心法(即人们已知的内离心法、其中离心机中的熔融物料通过较小的周边小孔逸出)而转变成纤维的玻璃成份,其使用条件很苛刻,特别是,为了保证设备特别是离心机有足够长的寿命,它们必须能在相当低的温度下操作。此外,该玻璃的一些失透温度特性(例如液相)必须明显地低于玻璃纤维的拉制温度,从而将能够阻塞离心机小孔的晶体的偶然出现的危险性降至最小。
本发明的目的是通过对已知的、主要由氧化硅、氧化铝、碱金属氧化物和碱土金属氧化物以及氧化硼组成的成分进行改进来完成的。当使用这些成分作为起始物料时,本发明人发现,降低氧化铝的百分含量,或者甚至将它完全删去,同时适当地放入一些五氧化二磷,可以使所获得的玻璃(以纤维形式)在生理介质中迅速分解。
然而,按照本发明的玻璃,其主要特性与已知的那些玻璃很接近,因此,它们能够用普通的离心机转变成纤维。还有一点值得注意的是,按照本发明的玻璃,尽管可能存在磷,但它能在普通的熔炉中进行制造,而不会使耐火材料过分磨损。
本发明的玻璃纤维具有下列组分,这些组分的重量比由下列范围限定:
SiO257-70 %
Al2O30-5 %
CaO    5-10    %
MgO    0-5    %
Na2O+K2O 13-18 %
B2O32-12 %
F    0-1.5    %
P2O50-4 %
杂质    <2    %
当Al2O3的百分比等于或高于约1%时,P2O5的百分比高于0.1%。
所限定的成分可以用纯组分来制备,但通常是通过将含有各种杂质的、天然存在的原料混和物进行溶化来进行制备的。
按照本发明的纤维的优选成分范围由以下两组范围限定(重量比):
SiO259-68 % 60-68 %
Al2O30-3 % 1-5 %
CaO    6-9    %    6-9    %
MgO    2-4    %    2-4    %
Na2O 14-17 % 14-17 %
K2O 0-2 % 0-2 %
B2O34-11 % 4-11 %
F    0-1.5    %    0-1.5    %
P2O50-3 % 0.5-4 %
为了能用于外离心工艺中,本发明的成分最好在较低温度下具有足够高的粘度,优选地,这些成分在粘度为1000泊时,其对应的温度为1200℃,最好低于1150℃。
纤维生产的另一个重要物理特性是与失透现象,即晶体在透明玻璃体中形成,相联系的温度,影响该失透过程的温度为:
-晶体生长率为最大时所处的温度;
-晶体生长率变为零时的温度,通常称为液相温度。
一般说来,与1000泊粘度相对应的温度与液相温度之间的差值不小于约50℃是合乎需要的。
在下面的详细描述中,将证实本发明的优点,此外,这些详细描述也说明了实施例。
第一组实验
在制备纤维之前,先对用于制备过程的三种成分进行分析测试,从而与后面对本发明成份的分解性能测试结果进行比较,见表1。成分1是用于绝缘纤维制备过程,特别是用于内离心法制备过程的常用成份。成分2是用于外离心法的常用成分。成分3用于通过气流拉制的制备过程。
为了在生理介质中进行分解测试,将各种玻璃成分用拉丝工艺、在具有一个小孔的实验室拉丝模上机械地拉到10微米的直径。
将所得到的纤维浸渍在模拟缓冲重量介质的溶液中,该介质的化学成分如下所示(用克/升表示):
NaCl    6.78
NH4Cl 0.535
NaHCO32.268
NaH2PO4H2O 0.166
(柠檬酸钠)2H2O 0.059
甘氨酸    0.450
H2SO40.049
CaCl20.022
该溶液的分解性能测试在以下条件下进行:将30毫克的纤维浸渍在30毫升溶液中,该溶液被放入温度为37℃的密封介质中,分别进行3、10和32天的浸渍,在每一个阶段结束时,测量分解在溶液中的氧化硅的浓度,将该浓度表示为毫克/升。
作为辅助参考量,对其抗水解性也进行测量,该测量采用通常的、称为DGG法的方法进行,这种方法包括在100毫升沸水中浸渍10克玻璃粉,玻璃粉的粒度在360-400微米之间,浸5个小时,在迅速冷却以后,过滤其溶液,且将一定量的滤液蒸发呈干燥,由所获得的干燥物质的重量就能够计算出水中分解的玻璃量,该数量用(毫克/克测试玻璃)来表示。
表2中给出了每一种成分的分解性能和用DGG测量的结果。由此可以看出,对于每一种玻璃,其纤维在反应溶液中的分解性能相差很大。就这三种成分来说,只有第一号玻璃表现出明显的分解,但与本发明的纤维分解量相比,该第一号玻璃的分解量仍是比较低的,而其它两种玻璃反应更弱。
第二组实验
这一组实验涉及本发明的玻璃纤维的各种成分,这些成分被示于表3中,分别对应于玻璃第4-11号。前面的一种已知玻璃(第一号玻璃)用来作为对照。开始时,在与第一组实验相同的条件下,把这些玻璃拉成直径为10微米的纤维。
在如上所述的相同条件下测量这些纤维在生理介质中的抗化学性,并测量它们的抗水解性(DGG)。
通过测定纤维在反应溶液中,在各种滞留时间内(有些纤维是3、6、10天)分解的氧化硅的浓度来测量这些纤维的分解程度。
在此有必要强调一下,该测量过程是在一个确定的介质中进行的,分解速率随时间而变化,而不是随测试结束时所达到的量而变化。事实上,由于没有更换溶液,故溶液的反应速度将变慢,在最短的反应时间结束时测得的被分解的氧化硅的浓度最能反映纤维在生理介质中的分解能力。所获得的结果被详细对照于表4中。
第4、5、7和8号玻璃说明在含有相同B2O3百分比的成分的纤维中P2O5对反应速率的影响。在第3天结束时,第4和5号玻璃(它们含有较高含量的磷),其分解速度是作为参考的第1号玻璃的4-5倍。在氧化铝含量不变时,玻璃的分解速度随含磷量而降低,这一点可以通过第4、7和8号玻璃来说明。
第5和10号玻璃含有相同的Al2O3量,但其P2O5量彼此不同,第10号玻璃的分解速率稍稍慢于第5号玻璃,但所观察的这一差别并未高到能够通过P2O5含量之间的不同来判断,很明显,在第10号玻璃中B2O3的含量(为最高)补偿或至少部分补偿了降低的P2O5量。
通过第9和11号玻璃可以证实B2O3的影响,这两种玻璃含有较高的B2O3量,第一种玻璃尽管含有相当高的Al2O3量,却具有较高的分解速率;第二种玻璃与第10号玻璃相比具有较高的分解速率,这是因为其Al2O3含量较低,且B2O3的含量较高。
本发明玻璃中的磷始终将增加纤维在生理介质中的分解速率,然而,我们发现仅仅降低氧化铝含量,或者甚至完全不用这种氧化物能够引起高分解速率。第6号玻璃表明了这一点,它不含有铝(如果它不是因用来提供其它组分的天然原料而产生的杂质的话)。虽然在本发明的玻璃中含有磷一般是合乎需要的,但是,当氧化铝的含量不超过重量比的1%时,磷则并非是不可缺少的,当超过该百分点时,纤维的成分中则最好含有大于0.1%重量比的五氧化二磷。Al2O3在2%以上时,则合理的P2O5的百分比至少为0.5%。
为了防止用于建造熔化本发明玻璃的熔炉的耐火材料磨损加快,合理的P2O5的含量应不大于4%。在本发明的优选成分中,该氧化物的百分比保持在等于或低于约3%,而氧化铝的百分比不大于约3%。
本发明的玻璃具有可以与那些已知玻璃(例如第1号玻璃)相比较的粘度和失透特性,见表5和表6。
因此,这些玻璃具有能够使用传统设备转变成纤维的优点,例如在被称为内离心法的工艺中实施制作,这种工艺已在许多专利中进行了描述,例如US3020586,3304164,2949632,或3523774。这种工艺主要包括把熔化的玻璃送入其周边壁上具有大量小孔的离心机中,在离心作用下,其熔化的玻璃通过这些小孔,然后,在热汽的喷射作用下转变成纤维。
由此所获得的纤维可以进一步制成高质量的纤维产品,它们适用于多种用途,例如,本发明的纤维可以用于制备几何尺寸随心而定的垫或用聚合粘合剂增强的片状材料,或用于制备作为绝缘管道系统的管状产品,本发明的纤维也能用于在插件板或金属网格上形成填料,用于制备玻璃球,甚至松散填料。
Figure 941037355_IMG1
Figure 941037355_IMG2
Figure 941037355_IMG3
Figure 941037355_IMG5

Claims (4)

1、用于隔热和/或隔声并且至少其一部分是玻璃纤维组成的制品,其特征在于所述纤维至少其一部分具有如下所限定的化学成分(重量百分率):
SiO257-70%
Al2O30-5%
CaO      5-10%
MgO      0-5%
Na2O+K2O 13-18%
B2O32-12%
F        0-1.5%
P2O50-4%
杂质     <2%
并且当氧化铝的重量百分比等于或大于约1%时,五氧化二磷的重量比含量大于0.1%。
2、按照权利要求1的制品,其特征在于当氧化铝的重量百分比至少约2%时,其成分中含有至少0.5%重量比的五氧化二磷。
3、按照权利要求1或2制品,其特征在于所限定的化学成分如下(重量百分率):
SiO259-68 %
Al2O30-3 %
CaO  6-9  %
MgO  2-4  %
Na2O 14-17 %
K2O 0-2 %
B2O34-11 %
F  0-1.5  %
P2O50-3 %
4、按照权利要求1或2的制品,其特征在于所限定的化学成分如下(重量百分率):
SiO260-68 %
Al2O31-5 %
CaO  6-9  %
MgO  2-4  %
Na2O 14-17 %
K2O 0-2 %
B2O34-11 %
F  0-1.5  %
P2O50.5-4 %
CN94103735A 1989-08-11 1994-03-25 含有在生理介质中分解的玻璃纤维的隔热和/或隔声制品 Expired - Fee Related CN1041511C (zh)

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FR8910834 1989-08-11
FR8910834A FR2650821B1 (fr) 1989-08-11 1989-08-11 Composition de verre destinee a etre transformee en fibres degradables en milieu biologique
FR9001497 1990-02-09
FR9001497A FR2658182B1 (fr) 1990-02-09 1990-02-09 Fibres de verre susceptibles de se decomposer en milieu biologique.

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CN103570247A (zh) * 2012-07-24 2014-02-12 南京航空航天大学 一种离心法超细玻璃棉及其制备方法
CN106367887A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-01 安徽吉曜玻璃微纤有限公司 一种高密度干法芯材及其制造方法

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CN103570247B (zh) * 2012-07-24 2016-06-08 南京航空航天大学 一种离心法超细玻璃棉及其制备方法
CN103058526A (zh) * 2013-01-11 2013-04-24 成都瀚江新型建筑材料有限公司 用于干法真空绝热板芯材的玻璃棉及其生产方法
CN106367887A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-01 安徽吉曜玻璃微纤有限公司 一种高密度干法芯材及其制造方法

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CN1026778C (zh) 1994-11-30
NO903461D0 (no) 1990-08-07
CZ285303B6 (cs) 1999-07-14
PL165859B1 (pl) 1995-02-28
FI100795B (fi) 1998-02-27
AU630484B2 (en) 1992-10-29
JPH0393650A (ja) 1991-04-18
NO903461L (no) 1991-02-12
KR0167763B1 (ko) 1999-01-15
DK0412878T3 (da) 1994-07-18
CN1049834A (zh) 1991-03-13
ES2053139T5 (es) 1998-07-01
YU154890A (sh) 1993-05-28
DE69007369T3 (de) 1999-07-22
DE69007369T2 (de) 1994-10-13
NO178023B (no) 1995-10-02
FI903978A0 (fi) 1990-08-10
EP0412878A1 (fr) 1991-02-13
DK0412878T4 (da) 1998-11-30
SK396090A3 (en) 1999-10-08
CZ396090A3 (cs) 1999-04-14
DE69007369C5 (de) 2007-06-06
PT94971A (pt) 1991-04-18
TR24496A (tr) 1991-11-01
EP0412878B2 (fr) 1998-03-04
PL171355B1 (pl) 1997-04-30
CN1041511C (zh) 1999-01-06
NZ234718A (en) 1992-05-26
BR9003934A (pt) 1991-09-03
US5108957A (en) 1992-04-28
EP0412878B1 (fr) 1994-03-16
AU6002590A (en) 1991-02-14
PL286430A1 (en) 1991-04-22
IE902834A1 (en) 1991-02-27
PT94971B (pt) 1997-04-30
NO178023C (no) 1996-01-10
CA2022446C (fr) 2000-10-24
ES2053139T3 (es) 1994-07-16
HUT54953A (en) 1991-04-29
YU47433B (sh) 1995-03-27
JP3192652B2 (ja) 2001-07-30
ATE102902T1 (de) 1994-04-15
SK280262B6 (sk) 1999-10-08
IE66323B1 (en) 1995-12-27
HU210633B (en) 1995-06-28
DE69007369D1 (de) 1994-04-21
HU904971D0 (en) 1991-01-28
CA2022446A1 (fr) 1991-02-12
KR910004492A (ko) 1991-03-28
MX172027B (es) 1993-11-29

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