CN109287352A - A method of improving elder artificialpollination percentage of fertile fruit - Google Patents
A method of improving elder artificialpollination percentage of fertile fruit Download PDFInfo
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- CN109287352A CN109287352A CN201811025203.0A CN201811025203A CN109287352A CN 109287352 A CN109287352 A CN 109287352A CN 201811025203 A CN201811025203 A CN 201811025203A CN 109287352 A CN109287352 A CN 109287352A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for improving elder artificialpollination percentage of fertile fruit, and described method includes following steps: the determination of S1. hybridization Parent plant；S2. pollen collection；S3. flower thinning, emasculation；S4. it is managed after pollinating and pollinate；Wherein, 3-5 days before the elder florescence, hybridization after and fruit expanding period spray nutritional preparation three times, thus flower and fruit protecting simultaneously promote elder hybridization fructescence it is consistent.By giving elder inflorescence flower thinning, emasculation, pollination, while spraying in due course and promoting elder and yield positive results and maturity period consistent nutritional preparation.The method of the invention is pollinated the stage through entire elder artificial hybridization, can be effectively improved elder percentage of fertile fruit and be obtained maturity period consistent hybrid seed, and the method for the present invention is simple, low in cost, the value with good popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant variety breeding technology, and in particular to a kind of to improve elder artificialpollination percentage of fertile fruit
Method.
Background technique
Sambucus (Sambucus Linn) is Caprifoliaceae (Caprifoliaceae) plant, be deciduous tree or shrub,
Dilute draft, is dispersed throughout temperate zone and subtropical zone by about 20 kinds of this category.About 6 kinds of China, north and south produces, mainly be distributed Northeast China,
North China, Central China, East China, southwest, wild resource are abundant.Elder is precious medicinal plant, elder plant (root, flower,
Leaf) decoct juice and can be used for adjusting body material's metabolism, treat dermatitis, traumatic injury, in terms of there is significant treat
Effect.The many type fruit oil content of Sambucus plant are high (35%~44%), be the traditional oil tree announced of the Ministry of Agriculture it
One, long-term consumption has prevention and treatment artery sclerosis, reducing blood lipid, anticancer, antithrombus formation and raising memory and other effects.Meanwhile elder
Plant type is beautiful, pretty ease, and leaf color is dark green, and pattern is yellowish and smell faint scent, and it is excellent that fruit color is purplish red, and florescence, fruiting period are relatively long
Flower garden ornamental tree species also can well grow around high pollution area, be generally acknowledged pollution resisting tree varietys.Elder adapts to environment
Property is extremely strong, has many advantages, such as drought-resistant, barren-resistant, Resistant, stable and high yields.Both woody oil tree species, and collection are important
Ornamental and restoration of the ecosystem in the important ecological functions plant of one, develop and use its resource have apparent economic, society and
Ecological benefits.
The main modes of reproduction of elder is to sow, based on cuttage, wherein when elder is with seminal propagation, pregermination procedure
More complex, the time is longer and the variation of seed seedling is big, and cutting propagation is simple and easy, the breeding cycle is big compared with short and breeding coefficient, can
Elite stand good characteristic is kept, but cannot determine breeding objective according to artificial wish, can not independently select hybrid parent.Artificial control
Hybridization technique processed can select to be suitble to breeding objective as hybrid parent, obtain super close hybrid generation according to artificial wish.Pass through
Measurement, screening and evaluation to hybrid generation obtain improved Varieties.
Elder is the same flowering plant of monoecism, which is deciduous tree or shrub, dilute draft；Stem often has skin
Hole has flourishing marrow；Imparipinnate leaf, to life, leaflet has sawtooth.Stipule is lobate or is degenerated to body of gland.Multiple poly- umbrella or circular cone
Inflorescence, every inflorescence 300-400 little Hua, basidixed；Small, white or yellow-white are spent, neatly；Calyx is brief, and 5 pieces of calyx tooth；Corolla spoke shape, 5
It splits；5 pieces of stamen, filigree is short, and anther is export-oriented；Ovary Room 3~5, style are short or almost without column cap 2~3 is split.Due to flores sambuci
Sequence protogyny and spend small, need to carry out emasculation, flower thinning to it before pollination, due to spend it is small cause very big inconvenience to emasculation work, need
Remove stamen by tool and column cap cannot be damaged, this brings great difficulty to artificial hybridization breeding and percentage of fertile fruit is low.
Summary of the invention
For the low problem of current artificialpollination percentage of fertile fruit, the present invention provides a kind of raising elder manual control and awards
The method of powder percentage of fertile fruit, by give elder inflorescence flower thinning, emasculation, pollination, while in due course spray promote elder yield positive results and
Maturity period consistent nutritional preparation.The method of the invention is pollinated the stage through entire elder artificial hybridization, can effectively be mentioned
High elder percentage of fertile fruit, and obtain maturity period consistent hybrid seed.
Specifically, technical scheme is as follows:
The present invention provides a kind of method for improving elder artificialpollination percentage of fertile fruit, and the method includes walking as follows
It is rapid:
S1. hybridize the determination of Parent plant；
S2. pollen collection；
S3. flower thinning, emasculation；
S4. it is managed after pollinating and pollinate；
Wherein, 3-5 days before the elder florescence, hybridization after and fruit expanding period spray nutritional preparation three times, to protect flower
Fruit retention promotes elder hybridization fructescence consistent simultaneously.
Wherein, the nutritional preparation is made of the following raw material by weight:
0.5~2 part of Phytolacca acinosa fruit, 5~30 parts of fresh withy, 20~60 parts of chaste honey, 30~70 parts of brown sugar, fish freeze 10~30
Part, 10~30 parts of compound fertilizer；
Above-mentioned raw materials are placed in biogas slurry after infusion after cooling to obtain the final product.
Further, the mass ratio of each raw material summation and biogas slurry is 1~2:5, preferably 1.41:5；
Further, the nutritional preparation is made of the following raw material by weight:
1 part of Phytolacca acinosa fruit, 10 parts of fresh withy, 40 parts of chaste honey, 50 parts of brown sugar, fish freeze 20 parts, 20 parts of compound fertilizer；
Above-mentioned raw materials are placed in 50 parts of biogas slurries after infusion after cooling to obtain the final product.
The application method of above-mentioned nutritional preparation are as follows: blade face is carried out after nutritional preparation is diluted with water 500-600 times when use
It sprays.
Further, in the step S1, hybrid parent plant is selected method particularly includes: according to breeding objective, selection
Into generative growth phase the excellent strain of elder as hybrid parent；
Further, in the step S2, pollen is harvested method particularly includes: after paternal plant enters the early flowering season, choosing
The flower that will be opened and not yet open is selected, is entangled with paper bag, pollen is allowed to fall off naturally, according to weather condition, is within general 2-3 days
Collect pollen, after pollen collecting, be put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators save it is stand-by；
Wherein, the paper bag is preferably waterproof sulfuric acid paper bag；
Further, in the step S3, flower thinning, emasculation method particularly includes: flower will be opened in maternal plant selection
Sequence, to guarantee that nutrition ample supply need to carry out flower thinning, every inflorescence only retains 60-80, then removes the little Hua of reservation
Entire stamen leaks out style and column cap；
Further, in the step S4, pollination method particularly includes: after style and column cap leak out, rapidly with speckling with pollen
Brosse be uniformly applied on column cap, entangle entire inflorescence with sulfuric acid paper bag rapidly and seal, continuous pollination 2-3 times；Pollination
After slowly remove sulfuric acid paper bag within 3-5 days；
Further, the above method further include to hybridizing mature fruit harvesting, method particularly includes: 60-70 days after pollination,
Become red or atropurpureus to fruit, harvests ripening fruits, get out seed collecting bag, ripe berry is cut and is put into bag, carry out
Label, by berry in bag dryness in the sun a couple of days, be placed on indoor shady and cool dry place's storage.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that
A kind of method for improving its artificialpollination percentage of fertile fruit for elder that the present invention provides for the first time, by being connect
Bone wood inflorescence flower thinning, emasculation, pollination, while spraying in due course and promoting elder and yield positive results and maturity period consistent nutritional preparation.Its
In, nutritional preparation raw material is cheap and easy to get, tests prove that, by spray nutritional preparation can effective flower and fruit protecting, significantly improve and connect
Bone wood percentage of fertile fruit.The method of the invention is pollinated the stage through entire elder artificial hybridization, can effectively improve elder seat
Fruit rate and acquisition maturity period consistent hybrid seed, the method for the present invention is simple, low in cost, the valence with good popularization and application
Value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the practical harvesting pollen figure of elder of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the present invention has sprayed the elder figure (experimental group 1) that nutritional preparation is in fruit expanding period；
Fig. 3 is not spray the elder figure (experimental group 6) that nutritional preparation is in fruit expanding period from the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
It should be noted that Phytolacca acinosa fruit is the mellow fruit of Phytolacca acinosa (Phytolacca acinosa Roxb) in the present invention
It is real；It is by gained after the miscellaneous freezing of stewing soup of fish that fish, which is frozen,.
As previously described, because elder inflorescence protogyny and spending small, need to carry out emasculation, flower thinning to it before pollination, due to
It spends small work to emasculation to cause very big inconvenience, stamen need to be removed by tool and column cap cannot be damaged, give artificial hybridization breeding band
Carry out great difficulty and percentage of fertile fruit is low.
In view of this, providing a kind of raising elder artificialpollination seat in a kind of specific embodiment of the invention
The method of fruit rate, comprising the following steps:
(1) hybridize the determination of Parent plant；
(2) pollen collection and storage；
(3) flower thinning, emasculation；
(4) it is managed after pollinating and pollinate；
(5) hybridize mature fruit harvesting.
Wherein, in step (1), the method for selected hybrid parent plant is: according to breeding objective, selection enters reproductive growth
The excellent strain of the elder in stage is as hybrid parent.
In step (2), the method for harvesting pollen is: after paternal plant enters the early flowering season, selection will be opened and not yet
The flower of opening is entangled with the sulfuric acid paper bag of waterproof, pollen is allowed to fall off naturally, according to weather condition, is collected within general 2-3 days
Pollen after pollen collecting, is put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators and saves.
In step (3), flower thinning, emasculation method be: maternal plant selection will open inflorescence, for guarantee nutrition it is abundant
Supply need to carry out flower thinning, hold inflorescence, with tweezers gently by open it is small spent, reservation 60-80, then use tweezer
Son gently pinches the bottom little Hua and removes entire stamen leakage style and column cap.
The method managed after pollination and pollination is: uniform with polliniferous brosse is stained with rapidly after style and column cap leakage
It is applied on column cap, entangles entire inflorescence with sulfuric acid paper bag rapidly and seals, continuous pollination 2-3 times；Management method is after pollination:
It slowly removes sulfuric acid paper bag within 3-5 days after pollination, marks, fruit initial stage (fruit expanding period) to be formed sprays one
It is secondary, it can accomplish that the maturity period is consistent.
In step (5), the mature fruit picking up method of the hybridization be 60-70 days after pollination, to fruit become red or
Atropurpureus harvests ripening fruits, gets out seed collecting bag, ripe berry is cut and is put into bag, mark, by berry in bag
Dryness in the sun a couple of days is placed at indoor shady and cool drying and stores.
In still another embodiment of the invention, a kind of nutritional preparation is provided, nutritional preparation mother liquor formula is as follows: the twigs of the chaste tree
Honey: 400g
Brown sugar: 500g
Fresh withy: 100g
Phytolacca acinosa fruit: 10g
Fish is frozen: 200g
Compound fertilizer: 200g
The above material is put into 5000g biogas slurry, small fire tanning is fused together, and it is cooling, that is, it can be used.
In still another embodiment of the invention, nutritional preparation specifically used method are as follows:
Mother liquor is watered 500-600 times, three times to elder foliage-spray:
1) 3-5 days foliage-sprays before florescence can protect flower
2) it is sprayed at once after hybridizing, it can fruit retention
3) fruit expanding period sprays once again, can accomplish that the maturity period is consistent.
In conjunction with specific example, the present invention is further illustrated, and following instance is not right merely to the explanation present invention
Its content is defined.If the actual conditions being not specified in embodiment, usually according to normal condition, or according to institute of sales company
The condition of recommendation；It is not particularly limited in the present invention, can be commercially available by commercial sources.
Embodiment 1
It is tested in one elder planting base of Jinan, Shandong Province Licheng District within 2017, randomly selects the same year raw elder
120 plants, each strain elder growing way is more consistent in test, and there was no significant difference.
In test, select nutritional preparation mother liquor formula as follows:
Chaste honey: 400g
Brown sugar: 500g
Fresh withy: 100g
Phytolacca acinosa fruit: 10g
Fish is frozen: 200g
Compound fertilizer: 200g
The above material is put into 5000g biogas slurry, small fire tanning is fused together, cooling.500- is watered using by mother liquor
600 times, foliage-spray processing is carried out to elder.
Steps are as follows for specific experiment:
(1) hybridize the determination of Parent plant；
(2) pollen collection and storage；
(3) flower thinning, emasculation；
(4) it is managed after pollinating and pollinate；
(5) hybridize mature fruit harvesting.
Wherein, in step (1), the method for selected hybrid parent plant is: according to breeding objective, selection enters reproductive growth
The excellent strain of the elder in stage is as hybrid parent.
In step (2), the method for harvesting pollen is: after paternal plant enters the early flowering season, selection will be opened and not yet
The flower of opening is entangled with the sulfuric acid paper bag of waterproof, pollen is allowed to fall off naturally, according to weather condition, is collected within general 2-3 days
Pollen after pollen collecting, is put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators and saves.
In step (3), flower thinning, emasculation method be: maternal plant selection will open inflorescence, for guarantee nutrition it is abundant
Supply need to carry out flower thinning, hold inflorescence, with tweezers gently by open it is small spent, reservation 60-80, then use tweezer
Son gently pinches the bottom little Hua and removes entire stamen leakage style and column cap.
The method managed after pollination and pollination is: uniform with polliniferous brosse is stained with rapidly after style and column cap leakage
It is applied on column cap, entangles entire inflorescence with sulfuric acid paper bag rapidly and seals, continuous pollination 2-3 times；Management method is after pollination:
It slowly removes sulfuric acid paper bag within 3-5 days after pollination, marks.
In step (5), the mature fruit picking up method of the hybridization be 60-70 days after pollination, to fruit become red or
Atropurpureus harvests ripening fruits, gets out seed collecting bag, ripe berry is cut and is put into bag, mark, by berry in bag
Dryness in the sun a couple of days is placed at indoor shady and cool drying and stores.
120 plants of elder are randomly divided into 6 groups, every group of 20 plants of elder are all made of the above method and are tested, different
It is, wherein
Experimental group 1 is within elder growth period to elder foliage-spray nutritional preparation three times, respectively 1) 3-5 before the florescence
Its foliage-spray；2) it is sprayed at once after hybridizing；3) fruit expanding period sprays once again；
Experimental group 2 within elder growth period to the secondary nutritional preparation of elder foliage-spray, respectively 1) 3-5 before the florescence
Its foliage-spray；2) fruit expanding period sprays once again；
Experimental group 3 within elder growth period to elder foliage-spray one time of nutrition preparation, only 3-5 days leaves before the florescence
Face sprays once；
Experimental group 4 within elder growth period only to elder foliage-spray one time of nutrition preparation, only after hybridization at once
It sprays primary；
Experimental group 5 within elder growth period only to elder foliage-spray one time of nutrition preparation, only in fruit expanding period
It sprays primary；
Experimental group 6 does not spray nutritional preparation.
Each group percentage of fertile fruit is counted, obtains following table data:
As seen from the above table, the elder hybrid seed of its elder percentage of fertile fruit of nutritional preparation and acquisition is continuously sprayed three times
Situation is much better than other each experimental groups, especially compared with the experimental group 6 for not spraying nutritional preparation, forms significant difference.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, any to be familiar with
Those skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, it is contemplated that change or replacement, should all cover this
Within the protection scope of invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope that claim is defined.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for improving elder artificialpollination percentage of fertile fruit, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps:
S1. hybridize the determination of Parent plant；
S2. pollen collection；
S3. flower thinning, emasculation；
S4. it is managed after pollinating and pollinate；
Wherein, 3-5 days before the elder florescence, hybridization after and fruit expanding period spray nutritional preparation three times.
2. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that nutritional preparation is made of the following raw material by weight:
0.5~2 part of Phytolacca acinosa fruit, 5~30 parts of fresh withy, 20~60 parts of chaste honey, 30~70 parts of brown sugar, fish freeze 10~30 parts,
10~30 parts of compound fertilizer；
Above-mentioned raw materials are placed in biogas slurry after infusion after cooling to obtain the final product.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the mass ratio of each raw material summation and biogas slurry is 1~2:5, preferably
1.41:5。
4. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the nutritional preparation is made of the following raw material by weight:
1 part of Phytolacca acinosa fruit, 10 parts of fresh withy, 40 parts of chaste honey, 50 parts of brown sugar, fish freeze 20 parts, 20 parts of compound fertilizer；
Above-mentioned raw materials are placed in 50 parts of biogas slurries after infusion after cooling to obtain the final product.
5. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the application method of nutritional preparation are as follows: add nutritional preparation when use
Water carries out foliage-spray after diluting 500-600 times.
6. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S1, select the specific method of hybrid parent plant
Are as follows: according to breeding objective, select the excellent strain of elder into generative growth phase as hybrid parent.
7. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S2, harvest pollen method particularly includes: in male parent
After plant enters the early flowering season, the flower that will be opened and not yet open is selected, is entangled with paper bag, pollen is allowed to fall off naturally, according to
Weather condition, general 2-3 days are to collect pollen, after pollen collecting, are put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators and save for use；
Wherein, the paper bag is preferably waterproof sulfuric acid paper bag.
8. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S3, flower thinning, emasculation method particularly includes: in mother
The selection of this plant will open inflorescence, and to guarantee that nutrition ample supply need to carry out flower thinning, every inflorescence only retains 60-80,
The little Hua of reservation is then removed into entire stamen, leaks out style and column cap.
9. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S4, pollination method particularly includes: style and column cap leakage
After out, uniformly it is applied on column cap with being stained with polliniferous brosse rapidly, entangles entire inflorescence with sulfuric acid paper bag rapidly and seal,
Continuous pollination 2-3 times；Slowly remove sulfuric acid paper bag within 3-5 days after pollination.
10. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the method also includes to the mature fruit harvesting of hybridization, specific side
Method are as follows: 60-70 days after pollination, becomes red or atropurpureus to fruit, harvest ripening fruits, get out seed collecting bag, it will be mature
Berry, which is cut, to be put into bag, is marked, by berry in bag dryness in the sun a couple of days, be placed on indoor shady and cool dry place's storage.
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