CN109258344A - A kind of method of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin - Google Patents

A kind of method of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109258344A
CN109258344A CN201811280058.0A CN201811280058A CN109258344A CN 109258344 A CN109258344 A CN 109258344A CN 201811280058 A CN201811280058 A CN 201811280058A CN 109258344 A CN109258344 A CN 109258344A
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pumpkin
hawthorn
parts
seedling
culture
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李贵林
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DAXIN COUNTY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION INSTITUTE
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DAXIN COUNTY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION INSTITUTE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin, including selection of land site preparation, breeding transplanting, field management, trimming, harvesting.Hawthorn of the invention interplants pumpkin method, and soil is rationally utilized, improves soil per mu yield output, realizes the Optimum utilization of resource.

Description

A kind of method of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technical field, the method for specifically a kind of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin.
Background technique
Hawthorn (scientific name:Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) also known as hawthorn, large-fruited Chinese hawthorn, rosaceae hawthorn Belong to, deciduous tree, it is high up to 6 meters.Stone fruit, caryoplasm is hard, and pulp is thin, and taste is slightly sour puckery.Fruit is raw-eaten or makees preserved fruit fruitcake, It can be used as medicine after drying, be the distinctive dual-purpose of drug and fruit tree species of China, have the effects that reducing blood lipid, blood pressure, heart tonifying, arrhythmia, It is simultaneously also the good medicine of spleen benefiting and stimulating the appetite, relieving dyspepsia, phlegm reduction of blood circulation promoting, to chest diaphragm spleen, the diseases such as full, hernia, blood stasis, amenorrhoea have very well Curative effect.Flavone compound Vitexin in hawthorn, is a kind of stronger drug of antitumaous effect, and extract is internal to inhibition Growth of cancer cells, proliferation and infiltration metastasis have certain effect.Hawthorn is adaptable, and the environment that happiness is nice and cool, wet resists cold again High temperature resistant can be grown between -36~43 DEG C；Light is also resistant to shade, is typically distributed about bare hills and mountains, tailo, half tailo, mountain Paddy, the gradient is preferably 15~25 degree；Drought-enduring, when excess moisture, branches and leaves are easy excessive growth；It is not stringent to soil requirement, but in soil layer It is deep, quality is fertile, loose, well-drained subacidity sandy loam well-grown.
Pumpkin (scientific name:Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret) Curcurbitaceae south One kind that melon belongs to, annual sprawling herbs plant often take root in section portion, and petiole is sturdy, and blade width egg shape or oval, matter is slightly Softness, vein protuberance, tendril is slightly sturdy, and monoecism, carpopodium is sturdy, there is rib and slot, different because of kind, and outside often has several vertical Ditch or nothing, seed majority long avette or oblong.The fruit of pumpkin makees sumptuous courses at a meal, also can be for grain.Each portion of complete stool and hyoscine, kind Son contains cucurbitine, has the effect of removing damp-heat, expelling parasite, plays the role of control and killing to blood fluke, rattan has heat-clearing Effect, muskmelon pedicel have the effect of miscarriage prevention, radical cure toothache.Pumpkin is the short-day plant of happiness temperature, and drought tolerance is strong, is required soil not tight Lattice, but preferably fertile, neutral or subacidity sandy loam.
In the past, the plantation of hawthorn and pumpkin is mostly single cropping, and not only occupied area is wide, but also cost of investment is high, effect Benefit is poor, can not achieve maximally utilizing for resource.The implantation methods of hawthorn interplanting agaric and straw mushroom also once had been reported that, but planted Agaric and straw mushroom require to prepare compost, the collocation of compost ingredient bad, agaric and straw mushroom low output, and plant and manage It is comparatively laborious.The interplanting of hawthorn and pumpkin does not also have document to disclose report so far.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin, this method is rationally utilized soil, improves Soil per mu yield output, realizes the Optimum utilization of resource.
A kind of method of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin includes selection of land site preparation, breeding transplanting, field management, trimming, harvesting, it is specific in Hold as follows:
(1) it selection of land site preparation: selects to have abundant water resources, the planting site of soil layer is deep, fertile subacidity sandy loam soil as hawthorn；? Month previous year 9-11 of transplanting deep ploughs to soil, depth 40-50cm, is embedded to green manure and base manure, green manure release amount It is 100-250 kgs/acre, base manure release amount is 250-450 kgs/acre.
(2) breeding is transplanted: being cultivated hawthorn plant using quick breeding by group culture method, is grown to 5-10cm high time shift to it and join the army Feeding bag is cultivated, and is carried out hardening 10-20 days when growing supreme 1-1.2m, then by its balled transplanting, transplanting seeding row spacing is 3m* 2.5m, depth 35-45cm are put into sapling in hole and irrigate root water after backfill, then are spreading one layer of fine earth above；Separate The place of seedling root 50cm, with the seed of the spacing sowing pumpkin of 30-50cm, every 3-5 seed of bunch planting kind；After 15-20 days Hawthorn sick seedling, dead seedling are removed, and is filled the gaps with seedlings in time；When pumpkin seedling grows 20-30cm, pumpkin seedling is respectively transplanted, often Cave retains 2-3 seedling；
The nutrient bag is used as base according to the ratio mixing of volume ratio (2-3): 5:0.5 by coco bran+thin river sand+biomass carbon calcium powder Matter.
(3) field management: hawthorn imposes 3 compound fertilizers, each mu dosage 600kg-750kg every year after surviving；It is annual right Thornbuss sprays 1-2 plant insecticide；Pumpkin grows 20-30cm to harvesting previous moon growth period from seedling every year, It is primary monthly to apply formula fertilizer, formula fertilizer is dissolved in after methane liquid and pours leaching, monthly sprays more than 50% to pumpkin by mu dosage 30kg-40kg Bacterium 500 times of dilutions of spirit；Tillage and weeding is carried out to soil before planting pumpkin every year.
(4) it trims: removing terminal bud when hawthorn long supreme 1.2-1.4m, after the lateral bud of main trunk is grown, it is carried out It prunes, leaves three branches and do I, done after I grows 30-40cm after branch and remove terminal bud, do after I grows lateral bud, prune after branch, It leaves three branches and does II, terminal bud is removed after branch does II long to 45-65cm, after the dry lateral bud of branch is grown；Each point There are 5 lateral buds by limb II；Thornbuss was trimmed before the annual beginning of spring, except branch of preventing or cure a disease, deadwood, overstocked branch, crossing branch；To south The main seedling of melon it is long to long 2-2.5m when, cut the terminal bud of main seedling, when side seedling it is long to long 2.5-3m when, cut the terminal bud of side seedling；Every The 8-10 section climing firming of melon is primary, and pressure 1-2 section prevents from running rattan and growth-promoting adventitious root；Small melon is grown when small melon is bloomed to melon seedling to cut Fall the terminal bud of the affiliated seedling of small melon, carries out guarantor's melon；Heavy foliage and old leaf were removed in time.
(5) harvest: every year to pumpkin melon skin uniform coloring, fruit be hardened and after raw wax coat, retain 2-3cm muskmelon pedicel, Harvest pumpkin；Harvest hawthorn in 10-11 month.
The green manure is daghestan sweet clover and/or sesbania；The base manure is made of following parts by weight raw material: 20-50 parts of cow dung, 50-70 parts of pig manure, 30-60 parts of filter mud of sugar refinery, waste 10-30 parts molasses fermented, 10-15 parts of pine needle meal, spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder 10-15 parts, fermentation 1-2 months.
The compound fertilizer is made of following parts by weight raw material: 10-15 parts of cow dung, 10-15 parts of methane tank residue, molasses hair 10-15 parts of 8-10 parts of ferment powder, cushaw leaf and pumpkin peel, 25-30 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 12-15 parts of potassium chloride, 0.01-0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.01-0.2 parts of Chelating state zinc, 0.01-0.2 parts of Chelating state selenium, 0.01-0.2 parts of boric acid, copper sulphate 0.01-0.2 parts.
The ratio of the formula fertilizer N P and K is 6:(1-2): (1-2).
The plant insecticide is that the alcohol extract of eucalyptus leaves, leaf of Chinese ilex, pine needle, camphor leaf, Celastrus angulatus and kuh-seng is used Water dilutes 6-10 times.
It is described that using quick breeding by group culture method cultivation hawthorn plant, specific step is as follows:
(1) explant is handled: before early spring rudiment, choosing the semi-lignified stem section of the strong thornbuss of well developed root system, disease resistance, first It is rinsed well with clear water, after blotting paper blots, impregnates 20-25min with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, then with aseptic water washing 2-3 It is secondary, cleaned stem section is clamped with tweezers, on aseptic operating platform, blots surface moisture, clip 1.5- with the filter paper to sterilize The stem with bud of 2.5cm is as explant.
(2) Primary culture: the explant after sterilizing being inoculated into the Primary culture base through high-temperature sterilization and is cultivated, and cultivates item Part is 24-26 DEG C of temperature, intensity of illumination 2400-2500lx, light application time 16-17h/d, and sterile culture is extremely in culturing room It sprouts.
(3) squamous subculture: moving into the subculture medium through high-temperature sterilization for bud obtained by step (2), is 24- in cultivation temperature 25 DEG C, intensity of illumination 2000-2500lx, light application time cultivate 35-36d under conditions of being 16-17h/d.
(4) culture of rootage: aseptically, the band base of leaf section that the long 2-3cm squamous subculture of clip obtains is inserted into training of taking root It supports in base and carries out culture of rootage；26-28 DEG C of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 2000-22001x, light application time 15h/d.
The ingredient of Primary culture base are as follows: 6 benzyladenine 1.2mg/L of MS+ N+0 .6mg/L of methyl α-naphthyl acetate+vitamin B1 1 .0mg/L+molasses 3g/L+agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.0；
The ingredient of subculture medium are as follows: MS+ N6 benzyladenine 2.1mg/L+ methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.5mg/L+ vitamin B1 0 .8mg/ L+ vitamin C 1.5mg/L+ glutamic acid 2.1mg/L+ molasses 3.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 5.8；
The ingredient of root media are as follows: MS++methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.02mg/L+ indolebutyric acid 0.8mg/L+ heteroauxin 0.2mg/L+ sugar Sweet 4.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.1.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention interplants pumpkin in hawthorn planting site, allows pumpkin sprawl growth in hawthorn planting site, can inhibit the clump of weeds It is raw, remove the work of most of weeding from, and soil is rationally utilized, improves the yield of hawthorn and pumpkin, realize resource Optimum utilization.
2, the present invention using quick breeding by group culture method cultivate hawthorn seedling, limit by the season of growth, reproduction speed fastly, Breeding coefficient is big, can get nontoxic seedling and the neat and consistent that raises up seed, and is able to maintain the merit of original kind；By adjusting training The ingredient and content for supporting base can promote hawthorn sprout to grow up strong and sturdy and hestening rooting, obtain strong, well developed root system tissue culture Seedling.
3, compound fertilizer is applied to thornbuss, compound fertilizer used is full of nutrition, covers nutrition necessary to thornbuss is grown Element: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, chlorine etc., meet thornbuss growth need while, also act and repair Earth backing, keep land fertility effect.To thornbuss spray on plants insecticide, pest and disease damage can be both effectively prevented, it can also It is detrimental to health to avoid pesticide residue.And the raw material sources of plant insecticide used are wide, are easy to get, and transform mountains to anti- Short, bristly hair or beard tetranychid, heart-eating worm, dichocrocis punctiferalis etc. are effective in cure.
4, the present invention is added to molasses fermented powder in compound fertilizer, and water-soluble substance > 99% of molasses fermented powder is water-soluble yellow Rotten acid > 50%, crude protein content 19.78% or so, amino acid content 8.51% or so, there are also a large amount of B family vitamins, vitamin C, inositol, polysaccharide etc., for pH between 5-6, activity is 10 times of natural humus acid, also containing multivitamin, microelement, Mycoprotein, nucleic acid, surface-active substance and somatomedin (bioactive substance) etc..The molasses fermented antiacid alkalization of powder, to two Valence cation has very strong sequestering power, can form organic chelated microelement with metal ions such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, calcium, can Promote absorption and utilization of the plant to minerals.It also added cushaw leaf and pumpkin peel in compound fertilizer, studies show that, it has one Fixed anthelmintic action.
4, the present invention trims thornbuss and pumpkin seedling, can not only keep strong limb, reduces disease pest Evil, moreover it is possible to flower and fruit protecting, Accelerate bloom and strong fruit.
Specific embodiment
For the more detailed introduction present invention, below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin includes selection of land site preparation, breeding transplanting, field management, trimming, harvesting, and particular content is such as Under:
(1) it selection of land site preparation: selects to have abundant water resources, the planting site of soil layer is deep, fertile subacidity sandy loam soil as hawthorn；? The previous year of transplanting deep ploughs to soil October, depth 40-50cm, is embedded to green manure and base manure, green manure release amount are 180 kgs/acre, base manure release amount is 300 kgs/acre.
(2) breeding is transplanted: being cultivated hawthorn plant using quick breeding by group culture method, is grown to 5-10cm high time shift to it and join the army Feeding bag is cultivated, and is carried out hardening 15 days when growing supreme 1-1.2m, then by its balled transplanting, transplanting seeding row spacing is 3m*2.5m, deep Degree is 35-45cm, and sapling is put into kind of plant hole and irrigates root water after backfill, then is spreading one layer of fine earth above；Far from children The place of seedling root 50cm, with the seed of the spacing sowing pumpkin of 40cm, 4 seeds of every bunch planting kind；Hawthorn disease is removed after 18 days Seedling, dead seedling, and fill the gaps with seedlings in time；When pumpkin seedling grows 20-30cm, pumpkin seedling is respectively transplanted, every cave retains 3 childrens Seedling；
The nutrient bag is used as matrix according to the ratio mixing of volume ratio 2:5:0.5 by coco bran+thin river sand+biomass carbon calcium powder.
(3) field management: hawthorn imposes 3 compound fertilizers, each mu dosage 680kg every year after surviving；Every year to thornbuss Spray 2 plant insecticides；Pumpkin grows 20-30cm to previous moon growth period is harvested from seedling every year, monthly applies and matches Side's fertilizer is primary, and formula fertilizer is dissolved in after methane liquid and pours leaching by mu dosage 35kg, monthly sprays 500 times of 50% carbendazim dilutions to pumpkin Liquid；Tillage and weeding is carried out to soil before planting pumpkin every year.
(4) it trims: removing terminal bud when hawthorn long supreme 1.2-1.4m, after the lateral bud of main trunk is grown, it is carried out It prunes, leaves three branches and do I, done after I grows 30-40cm after branch and remove terminal bud, do after I grows lateral bud, prune after branch, It leaves three branches and does II, terminal bud is removed after branch does II long to 45-65cm, after the dry lateral bud of branch is grown；Each point There are 5 lateral buds by limb II；Thornbuss was trimmed before the annual beginning of spring, except branch of preventing or cure a disease, deadwood, overstocked branch, crossing branch；To south The main seedling of melon it is long to long 2-2.5m when, cut the terminal bud of main seedling, when side seedling it is long to long 2.5-3m when, cut the terminal bud of side seedling；Every The 8-10 section climing firming of melon is primary, and pressure 1-2 section prevents from running rattan and growth-promoting adventitious root；Small melon is grown when small melon is bloomed to melon seedling to cut Fall the terminal bud of the affiliated seedling of small melon, carries out guarantor's melon；Heavy foliage and old leaf were removed in time.
(5) harvest: every year to pumpkin melon skin uniform coloring, fruit be hardened and after raw wax coat, retain 2-3cm muskmelon pedicel, Harvest pumpkin；Harvest hawthorn October.
The green manure is daghestan sweet clover and/or sesbania；The base manure is made of following parts by weight raw material: 35 parts of cow dung, pig 60 parts of excrement, 45 parts of filter mud of sugar refinery, 20 parts of molasses fermented waste, 12 parts of pine needle meal, 12 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder ferment 2 months.
The compound fertilizer is made of following parts by weight raw material: 12 parts of cow dung, 12 parts of methane tank residue, molasses fermented powder 9 Part, cushaw leaf and 12 parts of pumpkin peel, 28 parts of ammonium sulfate, 18 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 14 parts of potassium chloride, 0.1 part of ammonium molybdate, Chelating state zinc 0.1 part, 0.1 part of Chelating state selenium, 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of copper sulphate.
The ratio of the formula fertilizer N P and K is 6:2:2.
The plant insecticide is that the alcohol extract of eucalyptus leaves, leaf of Chinese ilex, pine needle, camphor leaf, Celastrus angulatus and kuh-seng is used Water dilutes 8 times.
It is described that using quick breeding by group culture method cultivation hawthorn plant, specific step is as follows:
(1) explant is handled: before early spring rudiment, choosing the semi-lignified stem section of the strong thornbuss of well developed root system, disease resistance, first It is rinsed well with clear water, after blotting paper blots, impregnates 22min with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, then with aseptic water washing 3 times, use Tweezers clamp cleaned stem section, on aseptic operating platform, blot surface moisture, the band bud of clip 2cm with the filter paper to sterilize Stem section is as explant.
(2) Primary culture: the explant after sterilizing being inoculated into the Primary culture base through high-temperature sterilization and is cultivated, and cultivates item Part is 25 DEG C of temperature, intensity of illumination 2450lx, light application time 17h/d, and sterile culture is to sprouting in culturing room.
(3) squamous subculture: moving into the subculture medium through high-temperature sterilization for bud obtained by step (2), is 25 in cultivation temperature DEG C, intensity of illumination 2250lx, light application time cultivate 35d under conditions of being 17h/d.
(4) culture of rootage: aseptically, the band base of leaf section that the long 2cm squamous subculture of clip obtains is inserted into culture of rootage Culture of rootage is carried out in base；27 DEG C of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 21001x, light application time 15h/d.
The ingredient of Primary culture base are as follows: 6 benzyladenine 1.2mg/L of MS+ N+0 .6mg/L of methyl α-naphthyl acetate+vitamin B1 1 .0mg/L+molasses 3g/L+agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.0；
The ingredient of subculture medium are as follows: MS+ N6 benzyladenine 2.1mg/L+ methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.5mg/L+ vitamin B1 0 .8mg/ L+ vitamin C 1.5mg/L+ glutamic acid 2.1mg/L+ molasses 3.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 5.8；
The ingredient of root media are as follows: MS++methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.02mg/L+ indolebutyric acid 0.8mg/L+ heteroauxin 0.2mg/L+ sugar Sweet 4.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.1.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin includes selection of land site preparation, breeding transplanting, field management, trimming, harvesting, and particular content is such as Under:
(1) it selection of land site preparation: selects to have abundant water resources, the planting site of soil layer is deep, fertile subacidity sandy loam soil as hawthorn；? Previous year September part of transplanting deep ploughs to soil, depth 40-50cm, is embedded to green manure and base manure, green manure release amount are 250 kgs/acre, base manure release amount is 250 kgs/acre.
(2) breeding is transplanted: being cultivated hawthorn plant using quick breeding by group culture method, is grown to 5-10cm high time shift to it and join the army Feeding bag is cultivated, and is carried out hardening 10 days when growing supreme 1-1.2m, then by its balled transplanting, transplanting seeding row spacing is 3m*2.5m, deep Degree is 35-45cm, and sapling is put into kind of plant hole and irrigates root water after backfill, then is spreading one layer of fine earth above；Far from children The place of seedling root 50cm, with the seed of the spacing sowing pumpkin of 30cm, 3 seeds of every bunch planting kind；Hawthorn disease is removed after 20 days Seedling, dead seedling, and fill the gaps with seedlings in time；When pumpkin seedling grows 20-30cm, pumpkin seedling is respectively transplanted, every cave retains 2 childrens Seedling；
The nutrient bag is used as matrix according to the ratio mixing of volume ratio 2:5:0.5 by coco bran+thin river sand+biomass carbon calcium powder.
(3) field management: hawthorn imposes 3 compound fertilizers, each mu dosage 600kg every year after surviving；Every year to thornbuss Spray 1 plant insecticide；Pumpkin grows 20-30cm to previous moon growth period is harvested from seedling every year, monthly applies and matches Side's fertilizer is primary, and formula fertilizer is dissolved in after methane liquid and pours leaching by mu dosage 30kg, monthly sprays 500 times of 50% carbendazim dilutions to pumpkin Liquid；Tillage and weeding is carried out to soil before planting pumpkin every year.
(4) it trims: removing terminal bud when hawthorn long supreme 1.2-1.4m, after the lateral bud of main trunk is grown, it is carried out It prunes, leaves three branches and do I, done after I grows 30-40cm after branch and remove terminal bud, do after I grows lateral bud, prune after branch, It leaves three branches and does II, terminal bud is removed after branch does II long to 45-65cm, after the dry lateral bud of branch is grown；Each point There are 5 lateral buds by limb II；Thornbuss was trimmed before the annual beginning of spring, except branch of preventing or cure a disease, deadwood, overstocked branch, crossing branch；To south The main seedling of melon it is long to long 2-2.5m when, cut the terminal bud of main seedling, when side seedling it is long to long 2.5-3m when, cut the terminal bud of side seedling；Every The 8-10 section climing firming of melon is primary, and pressure 1-2 section prevents from running rattan and growth-promoting adventitious root；Small melon is grown when small melon is bloomed to melon seedling to cut Fall the terminal bud of the affiliated seedling of small melon, carries out guarantor's melon；Heavy foliage and old leaf were removed in time.
(5) harvest: every year to pumpkin melon skin uniform coloring, fruit be hardened and after raw wax coat, retain 2-3cm muskmelon pedicel, Harvest pumpkin；Harvest hawthorn October.
The green manure is daghestan sweet clover and/or sesbania；The base manure is made of following parts by weight raw material: 50 parts of cow dung, pig 70 parts of excrement, 60 parts of filter mud of sugar refinery, 30 parts of molasses fermented waste, 15 parts of pine needle meal, 15 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder ferment 2 months.
The compound fertilizer is made of following parts by weight raw material: 15 parts of cow dung, 15 parts of methane tank residue, molasses fermented powder 10 Part, cushaw leaf and 15 parts of pumpkin peel, 30 parts of ammonium sulfate, 20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 15 parts of potassium chloride, 0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, Chelating state zinc 0.2 part, 0.2 part of Chelating state selenium, 0.2 part of boric acid, 0.2 part of copper sulphate.
The ratio of the formula fertilizer N P and K is 6:2:2.
The plant insecticide is that the alcohol extract of eucalyptus leaves, leaf of Chinese ilex, pine needle, camphor leaf, Celastrus angulatus and kuh-seng is used Water dilutes 10 times.
It is described that using quick breeding by group culture method cultivation hawthorn plant, specific step is as follows:
(1) explant is handled: before early spring rudiment, choosing the semi-lignified stem section of the strong thornbuss of well developed root system, disease resistance, first It is rinsed well with clear water, after blotting paper blots, impregnates 20min with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, then with aseptic water washing 2 times, use Tweezers clamp cleaned stem section, on aseptic operating platform, blot surface moisture, the band of clip 1.5cm with the filter paper to sterilize Leaf stem section is as explant.
(2) Primary culture: the explant after sterilizing being inoculated into the Primary culture base through high-temperature sterilization and is cultivated, and cultivates item Part is 24 DEG C of temperature, intensity of illumination 2500lx, light application time 16h/d, and sterile culture is to sprouting in culturing room.
(3) squamous subculture: moving into the subculture medium through high-temperature sterilization for bud obtained by step (2), is 24 in cultivation temperature DEG C, intensity of illumination 2500lx, light application time cultivate 35-36d under conditions of being 16h/d.
(4) culture of rootage: aseptically, the band base of leaf section that the long 2-3cm squamous subculture of clip obtains is inserted into training of taking root It supports in base and carries out culture of rootage；26 DEG C of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 22001x, light application time 15h/d.
The ingredient of Primary culture base are as follows: 6 benzyladenine 1.2mg/L of MS+ N+0 .6mg/L of methyl α-naphthyl acetate+vitamin B1 1 .0mg/L+molasses 3g/L+agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.0；
The ingredient of subculture medium are as follows: MS+ N6 benzyladenine 2.1mg/L+ methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.5mg/L+ vitamin B1 0 .8mg/ L+ vitamin C 1.5mg/L+ glutamic acid 2.1mg/L+ molasses 3.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 5.8；
The ingredient of root media are as follows: MS++methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.02mg/L+ indolebutyric acid 0.8mg/L+ heteroauxin 0.2mg/L+ sugar Sweet 4.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin includes selection of land site preparation, breeding transplanting, field management, trimming, harvesting, and particular content is such as Under:
(1) it selection of land site preparation: selects to have abundant water resources, the planting site of soil layer is deep, fertile subacidity sandy loam soil as hawthorn；? The previous year of transplanting deep ploughs to soil November, depth 40-50cm, is embedded to green manure and base manure, green manure release amount are 100 kgs/acre, base manure release amount is 450 kgs/acre.
(2) breeding is transplanted: being cultivated hawthorn plant using quick breeding by group culture method, is grown to 5-10cm high time shift to it and join the army Feeding bag is cultivated, and is carried out hardening 20 days when growing supreme 1-1.2m, then by its balled transplanting, transplanting seeding row spacing is 3m*2.5m, deep Degree is 35-45cm, and sapling is put into kind of plant hole and irrigates root water after backfill, then is spreading one layer of fine earth above；Far from children The place of seedling root 50cm, with the seed of the spacing sowing pumpkin of 50cm, 5 seeds of every bunch planting kind；Hawthorn disease is removed after 15 days Seedling, dead seedling, and fill the gaps with seedlings in time；When pumpkin seedling grows 20-30cm, pumpkin seedling is respectively transplanted, every cave retains 3 childrens Seedling；
The nutrient bag is used as matrix according to the ratio mixing of volume ratio 3:5:0.5 by coco bran+thin river sand+biomass carbon calcium powder.
(3) field management: hawthorn imposes 3 compound fertilizers, each mu dosage 750kg every year after surviving；Every year to thornbuss Spray 2 plant insecticides；Pumpkin grows 20-30cm to previous moon growth period is harvested from seedling every year, monthly applies and matches Side's fertilizer is primary, and formula fertilizer is dissolved in after methane liquid and pours leaching by mu dosage 40kg, monthly sprays 500 times of 50% carbendazim dilutions to pumpkin Liquid；Tillage and weeding is carried out to soil before planting pumpkin every year.
(4) it trims: removing terminal bud when hawthorn long supreme 1.2-1.4m, after the lateral bud of main trunk is grown, it is carried out It prunes, leaves three branches and do I, done after I grows 30-40cm after branch and remove terminal bud, do after I grows lateral bud, prune after branch, It leaves three branches and does II, terminal bud is removed after branch does II long to 45-65cm, after the dry lateral bud of branch is grown；Each point There are 5 lateral buds by limb II；Thornbuss was trimmed before the annual beginning of spring, except branch of preventing or cure a disease, deadwood, overstocked branch, crossing branch；To south The main seedling of melon it is long to long 2-2.5m when, cut the terminal bud of main seedling, when side seedling it is long to long 2.5-3m when, cut the terminal bud of side seedling；Every The 8-10 section climing firming of melon is primary, and pressure 1-2 section prevents from running rattan and growth-promoting adventitious root；Small melon is grown when small melon is bloomed to melon seedling to cut Fall the terminal bud of the affiliated seedling of small melon, carries out guarantor's melon；Heavy foliage and old leaf were removed in time.
(5) harvest: every year to pumpkin melon skin uniform coloring, fruit be hardened and after raw wax coat, retain 2-3cm muskmelon pedicel, Harvest pumpkin；Harvest hawthorn November.
The green manure is daghestan sweet clover and/or sesbania；The base manure is made of following parts by weight raw material: 20 parts of cow dung, pig 50 parts of excrement, 30 parts of filter mud of sugar refinery, 10 parts of molasses fermented waste, 10 parts of pine needle meal, 10 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder ferment 1 month.
The compound fertilizer is made of following parts by weight raw material: 10 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of methane tank residue, molasses fermented powder 8 Part, cushaw leaf and 10 parts of pumpkin peel, 25 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 12 parts of potassium chloride, 0.01 part of ammonium molybdate, Chelating state 0.01 part of zinc, 0.01 part of Chelating state selenium, 0.01 part of boric acid, 0.01 part of copper sulphate.
The ratio of the formula fertilizer N P and K is 6:1:1.
The plant insecticide is that the alcohol extract of eucalyptus leaves, leaf of Chinese ilex, pine needle, camphor leaf, Celastrus angulatus and kuh-seng is used Water dilutes 6 times.
It is described that using quick breeding by group culture method cultivation hawthorn plant, specific step is as follows:
(1) explant is handled: before early spring rudiment, choosing the semi-lignified stem section of the strong thornbuss of well developed root system, disease resistance, first It is rinsed well with clear water, after blotting paper blots, impregnates 25min with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, then with aseptic water washing 3 times, use Tweezers clamp cleaned stem section, on aseptic operating platform, blot surface moisture, the band of clip 2.5cm with the filter paper to sterilize Leaf stem section is as explant.
(2) Primary culture: the explant after sterilizing being inoculated into the Primary culture base through high-temperature sterilization and is cultivated, and cultivates item Part is 26 DEG C of temperature, intensity of illumination 2400lx, light application time 17h/d, and sterile culture is to sprouting in culturing room.
(3) squamous subculture: moving into the subculture medium through high-temperature sterilization for bud obtained by step (2), is 25 in cultivation temperature DEG C, intensity of illumination 2000lx, light application time cultivate 35-36d under conditions of being 17h/d.
(4) culture of rootage: aseptically, the band base of leaf section that the long 3cm squamous subculture of clip obtains is inserted into culture of rootage Culture of rootage is carried out in base；28 DEG C of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 20001x, light application time 15h/d.
The ingredient of Primary culture base are as follows: 6 benzyladenine 1.2mg/L of MS+ N+0 .6mg/L of methyl α-naphthyl acetate+vitamin B1 1 .0mg/L+molasses 3g/L+agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.0；
The ingredient of subculture medium are as follows: MS+ N6 benzyladenine 2.1mg/L+ methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.5mg/L+ vitamin B1 0 .8mg/ L+ vitamin C 1.5mg/L+ glutamic acid 2.1mg/L+ molasses 3.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 5.8；
The ingredient of root media are as follows: MS++methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.02mg/L+ indolebutyric acid 0.8mg/L+ heteroauxin 0.2mg/L+ sugar Sweet 4.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.1.
The applicant uses the implantation methods of the embodiment of the present invention 1, has planted 2 mu of hawthorn and pumpkin in Guangxi Daxin County, In order to compare, the method that the applicant also plants hawthorn with a kind of embodiment has individually planted 2 mu of hawthorn group as a comparison, moves to it The per mu yield of 1-4 is counted and has been compared after cultivation, as a result as follows:
As can be seen from the above table, identical cultivated area, interplanting pumpkin can not only harvest pumpkin, moreover it is possible to improve the production of hawthorn Amount, that is, the economic benefit that unit area soil can be clearly improved using interplanting method of the invention increases income, Take full advantage of land resource.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of method of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin, which is characterized in that the method includes selection of land site preparation, breeding transplanting, field pipes Reason, trimming, harvesting, particular content are as follows:
(1) it selection of land site preparation: selects to have abundant water resources, the planting site of soil layer is deep, fertile subacidity sandy loam soil as hawthorn；? Month previous year 9-11 of transplanting deep ploughs to soil, depth 40-50cm, is embedded to green manure and base manure, green manure release amount It is 100-250 kgs/acre, base manure release amount is 250-450 kgs/acre；
(2) breeding is transplanted: being cultivated hawthorn plant using quick breeding by group culture method, is grown to 5-10cm high time shift to it and enter nutrient bag It is cultivated, is carried out hardening 10-20 days when growing supreme 1-1.2m, then by its balled transplanting, transplanting seeding row spacing is 3m*2.5m, deep Degree is 35-45cm, and sapling is put into kind of plant hole and irrigates root water after backfill, then is spreading one layer of fine earth above；Far from children The place of seedling root 50cm, with the seed of the spacing sowing pumpkin of 30-50cm, every 3-5 seed of bunch planting kind；It is clear after 15-20 days It fills the gaps with seedlings except hawthorn sick seedling, dead seedling, and in time；When pumpkin seedling grows 20-30cm, pumpkin seedling is respectively transplanted, every cave Retain 2-3 seedling；
(3) field management: hawthorn imposes 3 compound fertilizers, each mu dosage 600kg-750kg every year after surviving；Every year to hawthorn Tree sprays 1-2 plant insecticide；Pumpkin grows 20-30cm to previous moon growth period is harvested, monthly from seedling every year It is primary to apply formula fertilizer, formula fertilizer is dissolved in after methane liquid and pours leaching, monthly sprays 50% carbendazim to pumpkin by mu dosage 30kg-40kg 500 times of dilutions；Tillage and weeding is carried out to soil before planting pumpkin every year；
(4) it trims: removing terminal bud when hawthorn long supreme 1.2-1.4m, after the lateral bud of main trunk is grown, prune to it, It leaves three branches and does I, done after I grows 30-40cm after branch and remove terminal bud, done after I grows lateral bud after branch, prune, leave Three branches do II, terminal bud are removed after branch does II long to 45-65cm, after the dry lateral bud of branch is grown；Each branch is dry There are 5 lateral buds by II；Thornbuss was trimmed before the annual beginning of spring, except branch of preventing or cure a disease, deadwood, overstocked branch, crossing branch；To pumpkin master Seedling it is long to long 2-2.5m when, cut the terminal bud of main seedling, when side seedling it is long to long 2.5-3m when, cut the terminal bud of side seedling；Every 8-10 It is primary to save the climing firming of melon, pressure 1-2 section prevents from running rattan and growth-promoting adventitious root；Small melon is grown to melon seedling, when small melon is bloomed, is cut small The terminal bud of the affiliated seedling of melon, carries out guarantor's melon；Heavy foliage and old leaf were removed in time；
(5) harvest: every year to pumpkin melon skin uniform coloring, fruit be hardened and after raw wax coat, retain 2-3cm muskmelon pedicel, harvesting Pumpkin；Harvest hawthorn in 10-11 month.
2. the method for hawthorn interplanting pumpkin according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the green manure is daghestan sweet clover and/or field Cyanines；The base manure is made of following parts by weight raw material: 20-50 parts of cow dung, 50-70 parts of pig manure, 30-60 parts of filter mud of sugar refinery, sugar Sweet fermentation wastes 10-30 parts, 10-15 parts of pine needle meal, 10-15 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder, fermentation 1-2 months.
3. the method for hawthorn interplanting pumpkin according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the compound fertilizer is by following parts by weight Raw material composition: 10-15 parts of cow dung, 10-15 parts of methane tank residue, powder 8-10 parts molasses fermented, cushaw leaf and pumpkin peel 10-15 Part, 25-30 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 12-15 parts of potassium chloride, 0.01-0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, Chelating state zinc 0.01- 0.2 part, 0.01-0.2 parts of Chelating state selenium, 0.01-0.2 parts of boric acid, 0.01-0.2 parts of copper sulphate.
4. the method for hawthorn interplanting pumpkin according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ratio of the formula fertilizer N P and K is 6:(1-2): (1-2).
5. the method for hawthorn interplanting pumpkin according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the plant insecticide is eucalyptus Leaf, leaf of Chinese ilex, pine needle, camphor leaf, Celastrus angulatus and kuh-seng alcohol extract be diluted with water 6-10 times.
6. the method for hawthorn interplanting pumpkin according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to use quick breeding by group culture method Cultivating hawthorn plant, specific step is as follows:
(1) explant is handled: before early spring rudiment, choosing the semi-lignified stem section of the strong thornbuss of well developed root system, disease resistance, first It is rinsed well with clear water, after blotting paper blots, impregnates 20-25min with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, then with aseptic water washing 2-3 It is secondary, cleaned stem section is clamped with tweezers, on aseptic operating platform, blots surface moisture, clip 1.5- with the filter paper to sterilize The stem with bud of 2.5cm is as explant；
(2) Primary culture: the explant after sterilizing is inoculated into the Primary culture base through high-temperature sterilization and is cultivated, condition of culture is 24-26 DEG C of temperature, intensity of illumination 2400-2500lx, light application time 16-17h/d, sterile culture is to sprouting in culturing room；
(3) squamous subculture: moving into the subculture medium through high-temperature sterilization for bud obtained by step (2), is 24-25 in cultivation temperature DEG C, intensity of illumination 2000-2500lx, light application time cultivate 35-36d under conditions of being 16-17h/d；
(4) culture of rootage: aseptically, the band base of leaf section that the long 2-3cm squamous subculture of clip obtains is inserted into root media Middle carry out culture of rootage；26-28 DEG C of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 2000-22001x, light application time 15h/d；
The ingredient of Primary culture base are as follows: 6 benzyladenine 1.2mg/L of MS+ N+0 .6mg/L of methyl α-naphthyl acetate+vitamin B1 1 .0mg/L+molasses 3g/L+agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.0；
The ingredient of subculture medium are as follows: MS+ N6 benzyladenine 2.1mg/L+ methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.5mg/L+ vitamin B1 0 .8mg/L + vitamin C 1.5mg/L+ glutamic acid 2.1mg/L+ molasses 3.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 5.8；
The ingredient of root media are as follows: MS++methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.02mg/L+ indolebutyric acid 0.8mg/L+ heteroauxin 0.2mg/L+ sugar Sweet 4.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.1.
7. the method for hawthorn interplanting pumpkin according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nutrient bag by coco bran+thin river sand+ Biomass carbon calcium powder is used as matrix according to the ratio mixing of volume ratio (2-3): 5:0.5.
CN201811280058.0A 2018-10-30 2018-10-30 A kind of method of hawthorn interplanting pumpkin Pending CN109258344A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190125