CN1092407A - 新的环乙烷亚基衍生物 - Google Patents
新的环乙烷亚基衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1092407A CN1092407A CN93105726A CN93105726A CN1092407A CN 1092407 A CN1092407 A CN 1092407A CN 93105726 A CN93105726 A CN 93105726A CN 93105726 A CN93105726 A CN 93105726A CN 1092407 A CN1092407 A CN 1092407A
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- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- -1 cyclohexane-ylidene Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 88
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- C07C255/45—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
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- C07C235/82—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/44—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reduction and hydrolysis of nitriles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了通式(I)的新的环已烷-亚基衍生
物。这些化合物抑制PDEIV或肿瘤坏死因子
(TNF)的产生,在治疗由于TNF的产生而传递或加
重的疾病方面有用;这些化合物在传递或抑制磷酸二
酯酶TV的酶或催化活性上也是有用的。
Description
本发明涉及的是新的化合物、包含这些化合物的药物组合物以及它们在治疗过敏性和炎性疾病和抑制肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的产生上的用途。
支气管哮喘是一种复杂的、多因素的疾病,其特点是气管的可逆性变窄和呼吸道对外界刺激的超活动性。
由于多种递质涉及该疾病发展的这一事实,要鉴别一种治疗哮喘的新药是很困难的。因此,消除单个递质的作用以对慢性哮喘的所有三个要素产生显著影响似乎是不可能的。“递质方法”的一种替代途径是限制引起疾病病理生理的细胞的活性。
这样的方法之一是增加cAMP(adenosine cyclic 3′,5′-monophosphate,环腺苷酸)的量。对大范围内的激素、神经递质和药物,环状的AMP是传递生物感应的第二信使;[Krebs Endocrinology Proceedings of the 4th International Congress Experta Medica,17-29,1973]。当适当的兴奋剂结合到特殊的细胞表面受体上时,腺甘酸环化酶被激活,它在一种加速的速度下把Mg2+-ATP转化成cAMP。
环化AMP如果不是完全,也是能改变引起非固有(过敏性)哮喘的病理生理的大部分细胞的活性。这样,cAMP的增加将产生有利的效力,包括:1)气道平滑肌的放松,2)抑制柱状细胞递质的释放,3)遏制中性粒细胞的失粒,4)抑制嗜碱性细胞的失粒,5)抑制巨噬细胞和单核细胞的活化。因此,激化腺苷酸环化酶或抑制磷酸二脂酶的化合物应有效地遏制气道平滑肌和众多的炎性细胞的不适宜的活化。cAMP的失活的主要细胞机理是3′-磷酸二脂键被一族称之为环化核苷酸磷酸二脂酶(PDEs)的同功酶中的一种或多种酶水解。
现在已经了解到一种独特的环化核苷酸磷酸二脂酶(PDE)同功酶,PDEIV,引起气道平滑肌和发炎细胞中的cAMl′的分解。[Torphy,“Phosphodiesterase Isozymes:Potential Targets for Novel Anti-asthmatic Agents”in New Drugs for Asthma,Barnes,ed.IBC Technical Services Ltd.1989]。研究指出,对这种酶的抑制不仅能使气道平滑肌放松,而且遏制柱状细胞、嗜碱性细胞和中性粒细胞的失粒,同时还抑制单核细胞和中性粒细胞的活化。进一步说,当目标细胞的腺苷酸环化酶的活性被适当的激素或内分泌物增强时,PDE IV抑制剂的有利影响会显著地加强,这一点正如体内的情况。因此,前列腺素E2和前列腺环素(腺苷酸环化酶的激活体)的量增加时,PDE IV抑制剂对哮喘肺是有效的。这些化合物对支气管哮喘能提供独特的药物治疗,相对市场上的药物来说具有有效的治疗优点。
本发明的化合物也能抑制肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)(一种血清糖蛋白)的产生。过量的或未调节的TNF的产生涉及到许多疾病的传递或加重,这些疾病包括类风湿性关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎,骨关节炎、痛风关节炎和其它关节炎病;脓毒病、脓毒性休克、内毒性休克、革兰氏阴性脓毒病、毒性休克综合征、成人呼吸痛综合征、脑型症、慢性肺炎、硅肺病、肺类肉瘤病、骨吸收病、再灌注(reperfusion)损伤、对宿主反应的移植(graft VS.host reaction)、异源移植的排斥、由感染引起的发热和肌肉痛,如流感、由感染或恶性感染引起的继发性恶痛,由人的后天免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)引起的继发性噁痛、爱滋病(AIDS)、ARC(与爱滋病有关的复合征)、形成瘢痕瘤、瘢痕组织的形成、克罗思氏痛、溃疡性结肠炎或Pyresis,此外,还有许多自身免疫糖尿病和全身红斑狼疮。
AIDS是因T淋巴细胞被人体免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染产生的。HIV的至少三种类型或菌株已经鉴定出来了,即HIV-1、HIV-2和HIV-3。由HIV感染的结果是T细胞传递的免疫性受到损害,和被感染个体表现出严重的机会感染和形成奇异的肿瘤。HIV进入T淋巴细胞要求T淋巴细胞活化。HIV-1或HIV-2之类的病毒在T细胞活化后感染T淋巴细胞,而且这种病毒蛋白质的表达和/或复制是通过这种T细胞的活化来传递或保持。一旦被活化的T淋巴细胞被HIV感染,该T淋巴细胞必须保持在激活状态,以允许HIV基因表达或复制。
通过在维持T淋巴细胞活化中所起的作用,细胞活素(特别是TNF)就会影响活化T细胞传递的HIV蛋白质的表达和/或病毒的复制。因此,在HIV感染的个体中,干扰细胞活素的活性,例如通过抑制细胞活素的产生,特别是TNF,有助于限制T细胞活化的维持,由此降低对先前未感染的细胞感染HIV的进展,其结果是减慢或消除了由HIV感染而引起的免疫机能障碍的进展。单核细胞、巨噬细胞及有关的细胞,如枯否氏细胞和神经胶质细胞也涉及到维持HIV感染。这些细胞,象T细胞是病毒复制的目标细胞,而病毒复制的量取决于该细胞的活化状态。[请参考Rosenberg等人的:The Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection,Advances in Immunology,Vol.57,1989]。单核细胞活素,例如TNF,已经证实了对在单核细胞和/或巨噬细胞中的HIV复制起了激化作用[请参考Poli等人的:Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,87:782-784,1990],因此抑制单核细胞活素的产生或活性,有助于限制如上对T细胞所述的HIV的进展。
由类似于上述提到的原因,TNF还以不同的作用影响其它的病毒感染,例如细胞肥大病毒(CMV)、流感病毒、腺病毒和疱疹病毒。
TNF与酵母和真菌的感染有关,特别是白色的假丝酵母已经实在人为环境中,在人体单核细胞和天然杀伤细胞的细胞内能诱导TNF的产生。[请参考Riipi等人的Infection and Immunity,58(9):2750-54,1990;和Jafari等人的Journal of Infectious Disease,164:389-95,1991。也可参考Wasan等人的Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,35,(10):2046-48,1991;及Luke等人的Journal of Infectious Disease,162:211-214,1990]。
控制TNF有害影响的能力是通过使用某些化合物来促进的,这些化合物能在需要这样使用的哺乳动物体内抑制TNF。目前仍需要可用于治疗TNF-传递的疾病的化合物,而这些疾病是通过TNF过量和/或未调节产生TNF而加速或加重。
本发明是关于下面所述通式(Ⅰ)的新化合物,它们可用于传递或抑制磷酸二脂酶IV(PDE IV)的酶活性。这些化合物还具有对肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的抑制活性。
本发明还涉及一种药物组合物,它包括通式Ⅰ的化合物和药物上可接受的载体或稀释剂。
本发明也还涉及在哺乳动物,包括人类,体内的PDE IV的酶活性(催化活性)的一种传递或抑制方法,该方法包括给予需要它的哺乳动物有效量的如下面所示的通式(Ⅰ)的一种化合物。
本发明进一步提供了治疗过敏性和炎性疾病的方法,它包括给予需要它的哺乳动物,包括人类,有效量的通式(Ⅰ)的一种化合物。
本发明还提供了一种治疗哮喘的方法,包括给予需要它的哺乳动物,包括人类,有效量的通式(Ⅰ)的一种化合物。
本发明还涉及抑制哺乳动物,包括人类,体内的TNF的产生的方法,该方法包括给予需要这样治疗的哺乳动物有效抑制量的通式(Ⅰ)的一种化合物。该方法可用于易受TNF传递的某些疾病的预防性治疗或防止。
本发明还涉及一种治疗感染了人体免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的人的方法,它包括给予这些人有效抑制TNF的量的一种通式(Ⅰ)的化合物。
通式(Ⅰ)的化合物还可用于治疗其它病毒性感染,这些病毒对TNF的上调敏感或诱导在体内产生TNF。
本发明的新化合物部分由通式(Ⅰ)代表:
或是其药物中可接受的盐,
其中:
R1是-(CR4R5)nC(O)O(CR4R5)mR5、-(CR4R5)nC(O)NR4(CR4R5)mR6、-(CR4R5)nO(CR4R5)mR5、或-(CR4R5)rR6,其中烷基可以任选地被一个或多个卤原子取代;
m是0-2;
n是1-4;
r是1-6;
R4和R5单独选自氢或C1-2烷基;
R6是氢、甲基、羟基、芳基、卤代芳基、芳氧基C1-3烷基、卤代芳氧基C1-3烷基、2,3-二氢化茚基、茚基、C7-11多环烷基、四氢呋喃基、呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、吡喃基、四氢噻吩基、噻吩基、四氢噻喃基、噻喃基、C3-6环烷基、或包含有一个或两个不饱和键的C4-6的环烷基,其中环烷基和杂环基可以任选地被1-3个甲基或一个乙基取代;
应满足如下条件:
a)当R6是羟基,则m是2;或
b)当R6是羟基,则r是2-6;或
c)当R6是2-四氢吡喃基、2-四氢噻喃基、2-四氢呋喃基、或2-四氢噻吩基,则m是1或2;或
d)当R6是2-四氢吡喃基、2-四氢噻喃基、2-四氢呋喃基、或2-四氢噻吩基,则r是1-6;
e)当n为1,m为0时,则在-(CR4R5)nO(CR4R5)mR6中的R6不是氢;
X是YR2、卤素、硝基、NR4R5、或甲酰胺;
Y是O或S(O)m′;
m′是0,1,或2;
X2是O或NR8;
X3是氢或X;
R2单独选自任选被一个或多个卤原子取代的-CH3或-CH2CH3;
S是0-4;
R3是氢、卤素、C1-4烷基、卤代C1-4烷基、CH2NHC(O)C(O)NH2、-CH=CR8′R8′、任选被R8′取代的环丙基、CN、OR8、CH2OR8、NR8R10、CH2NR8R10、C(Z′)H、C(O)OR8、C(O)NR8R10、或C≡CR8′;
Z′是O、NR9、NOR8、NCN、C(-CN)2、CR8CN、CR8NO2、CR8C(O)OR8、CR8C(O)NR8R8、C(-CN)NO2、C(-CN)C(O)OR9、或C(-CN)C(O)NR8R8;
Z是C(-CN)2、CR14CN、CR14C(O)OR8、CR14C(O)NR8R14、C(-CN)NO2、C(-CN)C(O)OR9、C(-CN)OC(O)OR9、C(-CN)OR9、或C(-CN)C(O)NR8R14;
R7是-(CR4R5)qR12或C1-5的烷基(其中R12或C1-5烷基任选被甲基或乙基取代一或多次,所述甲基或乙基任选被1-3个氟取代)、-F、-Br、-Cl、-NO2、-NR10R11、-C(O)R8、-CO2R8、-OR8、-CN、-C(O)NR10R11、-OC(O)NR10R11、-OC(O)R8、-NR10C(O)NR10R11、-NR10C(O)R11、-NR10C(O)OR9、-NR10C(O)R13、-C(NR10)NR10R11、-C(NCN)NR10R11、-C(NCN)SR9、-NR10C(NCN)SR9、-NR10C(NCN)NR10R11、-NR10S(O)2R9、-S(O)m′R9、-NR10C(O)C(O)NR10R11、-NR10C(O)C(O)R10、噻唑基、咪唑基、噁唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、或四唑基;
q是0,1或2;
R12是C3-C7环烷基、(2-,3-或4-吡啶基)、嘧啶基、吡唑基、(1-或2-咪唑基)、噻唑基、三唑基、吡咯基、哌嗪基、哌嗪烷基、吗啉基、呋喃基、(2-或3-噻吩基)、(4-或5-噻唑基)、喹啉基、萘基、或苯基;
R8单独选自氢或R9;
Ra′是R8或氟;
R9是任选地被1-3个氟取代的C1-4烷基;
R10是OR8或R11;
R11是氢、或任选被1-3个氟取代的C1-4烷基;或当R10和R11有NR10R11的形式时,它们与氮一起构成包含有至少一个其它选自O、N、S的杂原子的5-7节环;
R13是噁唑烷基、噁唑基、噻唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、四唑基、咪唑基、咪唑烷基、噻唑烷基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、或噻二唑基,所有这些杂环都通过碳原子相连,且都可是未取代的或可以被一个或两个C1-2烷基取代;
R14是氢或R7;或者当R8和R14有NR8R14的形式时,它们与氮相连形成任选包含一个或多个其它选自O、N或S的杂原子的5-7节环;应满足如下条件:
f)当R12是N-吡唑基、N-咪唑基、N-三唑基、N-吡咯基、N-哌嗪基、N-哌嗪烷基、或N-吗啉基时,则q不为1;
本发明还涉及一种传递或抑制哺乳动物内的PDE IV的酶活性(或催化活性)的方法,和抑制有此种需求的哺乳动物体内TNF的产生的方法,它们包括给予所述的哺乳动物有效量的通式(Ⅰ)的化合物。
磷酸二酯酶IV抑制剂可用于治疗各种过敏性和炎性疾病,这些疾病包括:哮喘、慢性支气管炎、特应性皮炎、荨麻疹、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性结膜炎、春季发生的结膜炎、嗜酸性内芽瘤、牛皮癣、类风湿性关节炎、败血症休克、溃疡性结肠炎、节段性回肠炎、心肌和脑再灌注(reperfusion)损伤、慢性肾小球性肾炎、内毒性休克和成人呼吸痛综合征。此外,PDE抑制剂在治疗尿崩征及如抑郁症和多种梗塞性痴呆等中枢神经系统混乱方面也有用。
这里治疗所要作用的病毒是那些由于感染而产生TNF的和对抑制作用敏感的病毒,如那些用通式(Ⅰ)的抑制剂能减少直接或间接复制的病毒。这些病毒包括,但不限于,HIV-1、HIV-2、和HIV-3、巨细胞病毒(CMV)、流感病毒、腺病毒、和如、但不限于、带状疱疹、单一疱疹等的疱疹病毒。
本发明特别涉及到治疗被人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)所感染的哺乳动物的方法,它包括给予这些哺乳动物TNF有效抑制量的通式(Ⅰ)的化合物。
本发明的化合物也可以用于除人类在外的需要抑制TNF产生的动物的兽医治疗上。治疗和预防的动物的TNF传递疾病包括上面提及的疾病,但特别是病毒感染。这些病毒的例子包括,但不限于,猫科动物免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和其它如马的传染性贫血病毒、羊的关节炎病毒、绵羊脱髓性脑白质炎病毒、maedi病毒和其它晶状体炎病毒一类的后病毒感染。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗酵母菌和真菌感染,这些酵母菌和真菌对TNF的上调敏感或诱导体内TNF的产生。能治疗的优选的疾病是真菌脑膜炎。此外,通式(Ⅰ)的化合物可以和其它选择来治疗酵母菌和真菌感染的药物一起下药。选择来治疗真菌感染的药包括,但不限于,称之为多粘霉素的一类化合物,如多粘霉素B;称之为咪唑的一类化合物,如克霉唑、氯苯甲氧咪唑、咪可那唑、和酮哌噁咪唑;称之为三唑的一类化合物,如flucoazole,和itranazole;及称之为两性霉素的一类化合物,特别是两性霉素B和脂质体两性霉素B。
通式(Ⅰ)的化合物也可用来通过给予需要如此治疗的哺乳动物有效量的通式(Ⅰ)的化合物来抑制或降低抗真菌、抗细菌、抗病毒剂的毒性。特别地,通式(Ⅰ)的化合物可以用来抑制或降低两性霉素一类的化合物,特别是两性霉素B的毒性。
优选的化合物如下:
当通式(Ⅰ)的化合物的R1是一个被一个或多个卤素原子取代的烷基时,优选的卤素是氟和氯,进一步优选的是被一个或多个氟取代的C1-4的烷基。优选的卤素取代烷基的链长是一个或二个碳原子,最优选的是这些基团:-CF3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF2CHF2、-CH2CF3、和-CH2CHF2。通式(Ⅰ)化合物的优选的R1取代基是CH2-环丙基、CH2-C5-6环烷基、C4-6环烷基、C7-11的多环烷基、(3-或4-环戊基)、苯基、四氢呋喃-3-基、任选地被一个或多个氟取代的苄基或C1-2烷基、-(CH2)1-3C(O)O(CH2)0-2CH3、-(CH2)1-3O(CH2)0-2CH3和-(CH2)2-4OH。
当R1有(CR4R5)的形式时,R4和R5单独地是氢或烷基。这允许各个亚甲基单元带有支链,呈(CR4R5)n或(CR4R5)m;每个重复的亚甲基单元是彼此独立的,如当n是2时,(CR4R5)n可以是-CH2CH(-CH3)-。重复的亚甲基单元或支链烃上的各个氢原子可以任选相互独立地被氟取代,以产生例如前面提到的优选的R1取代基。
当R1是C7-11的多环烷基时,其例子有二环[2.2.1]-庚烷基、二环[2.2.2]辛基、二环[3.2.1]辛基、三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸基等,它们的其它例子在Saccmano等人于1987年11月5日公开的WO87/06576中已描述过,他们的发明在这里结合为一个整体作为参考。
优选的Z是C(CN)2、C(-CN)OC(O)R9、C(-CN)OR9、CR14C(O)OR8或CR9C(O)NR13R14。进一步优选的是C(CN)2、C(-CN)OC(O)R9、C(-CN)OR9和CR8C(O)OR8。
通式(Ⅰ)的优选的X基团是YR2,且Y是氧。通式(Ⅰ)的优选的X2基团是氧。通式(Ⅰ)的优选的X3基团是氢。合适的优选的R2基团是C1-2烷基,它任选被一个或多个卤素取代。优选的卤素原子是氟和氯,进一步优选的是氟。进一步优选的R2基团是甲基、或氟代烷基,特别是C1-3烷基,如-CF3、-CHF2或-CH2CHF2。最优选的是CHF2和CH3。
优选的R3基团是C(O)NH2、C≡CR8、CN、C(Z′)H、CH2OH、CH2F、CF2H和CF3。进一步优选的是C≡CH和CN。优选的Z′是O或NOR8。
优选的R7基团包括任选被取代的-(CH2)1-2环丙基、-(CH2)0-2环丁基、-(CH2)0-2环戊基、-(CH2)0-2环己基、-(CH2)0-2(2-、3-、或4-吡啶基)、-(CH2)1-2(2-咪唑基)、(CH2)2(4-吗啉基)、(CH2)2(4-哌嗪基)、(CH2)1-2(2-噻吩基)、(CH2)1-2(4-噻唑基)和(CH2)0-2苯基。
当-NR10R11基团中的R10和R11和与它们相连接的N构成任选包含至少一个选自O、N或S的其它杂原子的5-7节环时,优选的环包括,但并不限于,1-咪唑基、2-(R8)-1-咪唑基、1-吡唑基、3-(R8)-1-吡唑基、1-三唑基、2-三唑基、5-(R8)-1-三唑基、5-(R8)-2-三唑基、5-(R8)-1-四唑基、5-(R8)-2-四唑基、1-四唑基、2-四唑基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、4-(R8)-1-哌嗪基或吡咯基。
当-NR8R14基团中的R8和R14和与它们相连接的氮构成任选包含有至少一个其它选自O、N或S的杂原子的5-7节环时,优选的环包括,但不限于,1-咪唑基、1-吡唑基、1-三唑基、2-三唑基、1-四唑基、2-四唑基、吗啉基、哌嗪基和吡咯基。当可实现时,相应的环可以在合适的氮或碳上被R7基团取代,如这里对通式(Ⅰ)所述的。这些碳取代的例子包括,但不限于,2-(R7)-1-咪唑基、4-(R7)-1-咪唑基、5-(R7)-1-咪唑基、3-(R7)-1-吡唑基、4-(R7)-1-吡唑基、5-(R7)-1-吡唑基、4-(R7)-2-三唑基、5-(R7)-2-三唑基、4-(R7)-1-三唑基、5-(R7)-1-三唑基、5-(R7)-1-四唑基、和5-(R7)-2-四唑基。合适的被R7的氮位取代包括,但不限于,1-(R7)-2-四唑基、2-(R7)-1-四唑基、4-(R7)-1-哌嗪基。合适的话,这些环可以被R7一次或多次取代。
优选的包含一个杂环的NR8R14基团是5-(R14)-1-四唑基、2-(R14)-1-咪唑基、5-(R14)-2-四唑基、4-(R14)-1-哌嗪基或4-(R15)-1-哌嗪基。
R13的优选的环包括(2-,4-或5-咪唑基)、(3-,4-或5-吡唑基)、(4-或5-三唑基[1,2,3])、(3-或5-三唑基[1,2,4])、(5-四唑基)、(2-,4-或5-噁唑基)、(3-,4-或5-异噁唑基)、(3-或5-噁二唑基[1,2,4])、(2-噁二唑基[1,3,4])、(2-噻二唑基[1,3,4])、(2-,4-或5-噻唑基)、(2-,4-或5-噁唑烷基)、(2-,4-或5-噻唑烷基)或(2-,4-或5-咪唑烷基)。
当R7基团任选地被如咪唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、四唑基或噻唑基这样一些杂环取代时,杂环本身可以任选地被R8在适当的氮或碳上取代,如1-(R8)-2-咪唑基、1-(R8)-4-咪唑基、1-(R8)-5-咪唑基、1-(R8)-3-吡唑基、1-(R8)-4-吡唑基、1-(R8)-5-吡唑基、1-(R8)-4-三唑基、或1-(R8)-5-三唑基。如果合适的话,环可以被R8一次或多次取代。
通式(Ⅰ)优选的是这些化合物,其中R1是-CH2-环丙基、-CH2-C5-6环烷基、-C4-6环烷基、四氢呋喃-3-基、(3-或4-环戊烯基)、任选被一个或多个氟取代的苄基或-C1-2烷基,和-(CH2)2-4OH;R2是甲基或氟代烷基,R3是CN或C≡CR8;和X是YR2。
最优选的是这些化合物,其中R1是-CH2环丙基,环戊基、甲基或CF2H;R3是CN或C≡CH;X是YR2;Y是氧;X2是氧;X3是氢;而R2是CF2H或甲基。
通式(Ⅰ)的优选的小类是有通式(Ⅰa)结构的这样一些化合物:
或其药物中可接受的盐,
其中:
R1是CH2-环丙基、CH2-C5-6环烷基、C4-6环烷基、C7-11多环烷基、(3-或4-环戊烯基)、苯基、四氢呋喃-3-基、任选地被一个或多个氟取代的苄基或C1-2烷基、-(CH2)1-3C(O)O(CH2)0-2CH3、-(CH2)1-3O(CH2)0-2CH3、和-(CH2)2-4OH;
X是YR2、卤素、硝基、CR4R5、或甲酰胺;
Y是O或S(O)m′;
m′是0,1,或2;
R2是任选地被一个或多个卤素取代的-CH3或-CH2CH3;
R3是氢、C1-4烷基、卤素取代的C1-4烷基、CH2C(O)C(O)N、CH2NHC(O)C(O)NH2、CN、CH2OR8、C(Z′)H、C(O)OR8、C(O)NR8R10、或C≡CR8;
Z′是O或NOR8;
Z是C(-CN)2、CR14CN、CR14C(O)OR8、CR14C(O)NR8R14、C(-CN)C(O)OR8、C(-CN)OC(O)R9、C(-CN)OR9、或C(-CN)C(O)NR8R14;
R7是-(CR4R5)qR12或C1-6烷基(其中R12或C1-6烷基基团任选的是被有1-3个氟取代的甲基或乙基所取代)、-F、-Br、-Cl、-NO2、-NR10R11、-C(O)R8、-CO2R8、-OR8、-CN、-C(O)NR10R11、-OC(O)NR10R11、-OC(O)R8、-NR10C(O)NR10R11、-NR10C(O)R11、-NR10C(O)OR9、-NR10C(O)R13、-C(NR10)NR10R11、-C(NCN)NR10R11、-C(NCN)SR9、-NR10C(NCN)SR9、-NR10C(NCN)NR10R11、-NR10S(O)2R9、-S(O)m′R9、-NR10C(O)C(O)NR10R11、-NR10C(O)C(O)R10、噻唑基、咪唑基、噁唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、或四唑基;
q是0,1或2;
R12是C3-C7环烷基、(2-,3-或4-吡啶基)、(1-或2-咪唑基)、哌嗪基、吗啉基、(2-或3-噻吩基)、(4-或5-噻唑基)或苯基;
R8是单独地选自氢或R9;
R9是C1-4烷基,它任选地被1-3个氟取代;
R10是OR8或R11;
R11是氢或任选被1-3个氟取代的C1-4烷基;或当R10和R11有NR10R11的形式时,它们与氮一起构成包含有至少一个选自O、N、S的其它杂原子的5-7节环;
R13是噁唑烷基、噁唑基、噻唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、四唑基、咪唑基、咪唑烷基、噻唑烷基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基,所有这些杂环都通过一个碳原子相连,且都可以是未取代的或可以被一个或两个C1-2烷基取代;
R14是氢或R7;或者当R8和R14有NR8R14的形式时,它们可与氮一起构成任选包含有一个或多个选自O、N或S的其它杂原子的5-7节环;应满足如下条件:
当R12是N-咪唑基、N-三唑基、N-吡咯基、N-哌嗪基或N-吗啉基,则q不等于1。
通式(Ⅰ)的化合物的例子有:
[4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-亚基]丙二腈;
2-[4-(3,4-双二氟甲氧苯基)-4-氰基环己-1-亚基]-2-叔丁氧基乙腈;
2-[4-(3,4-双二氟甲氧苯基)-4-氰环己-1-亚基]-2-乙酰氧基乙腈;
[4-氰基-4-(3-环丙基甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-亚基]-乙酸甲酯;和
[4-氰基-4-(3-环丙基甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-亚基]甲酸。
这一点应该认识到,通式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)的化合物可以以外消旋的和旋光的活性形式存在;有些也可以独特的非对应形式存在,它们具有独特的物理和生物性质。所有这些化合物都被认为属于本发明的范围。
“C1-3烷基”、“C1-4烷基”、“C1-6烷基”或“烷基”基团除了链的长度另有限制外,在这里指包括直链和支链的有1-10个碳原子的基团,包括,但不限于甲基、乙基、n-丙基、异丙基、n-丁基、仲-丁基、异丁基、叔丁基和其它类似的基团。
“链烯基”除了链长有限制外,是指有1-6个碳原子长的直链或支链基团,包括但不限于乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、2-丙炔基、或3-甲基-2-丙烯基。
“环烷基”或“环烷基烷基”指3-7个碳原子的基团,如环丙基、环丙甲基、环戊基、或环己基。
“芳基”或“芳烷基”,除特别声明外,是指有6-10个碳原子的芳香环或环体系,如苯基、苄基、苯乙基、或萘基。优选的芳基是单环的,如苯基。烷基链包括有1-4个碳原子的直链或支链基团。
“杂芳基(Heteroaryl)”是包括有一个或多个杂原子的芳环体系,如咪唑基、三唑基、噁唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡唑基、吡咯基、呋喃基、或噻吩基。
“卤素”指所有的卤素,如氯、氟、溴或碘。
“抑制IL-1的产生”或“抑制TNF的产生”是指:
a)分别降低体内过量的IL-1或TNF的量,是在体内通过抑制所有细胞,包括但不限于单核细胞或巨噬细胞释放IL-1,使IL-1或TNF的量在人体内到达正常水平或低于正常水平;
b)以翻译或转录的量,分别下调体内过量的IL-1或TNF的量,在人体内到达正常水平或低于正常水平,或
c)作为后翻译结果通过抑制IL-1和TNF的直接合成来下调。
“TNF传递的疾病或疾病状态”是指任何和全部TNF在其中起作用的疾病状态,或者是由产生TNF自身、或者是由TNF导致其它细胞活素(cytokine)被释放(例如,但不限于IL-1或IL-6)而起作用。例如IL-1是主要成分、它的产生或作用是由于TNF而加重或分泌的疾病状态也可认为是由TNF传递的疾病状态。因为TNF-β(淋巴细胞毒素)与TNF-α在结构上相近,它们导致相似的生物反应和连接在相同的细胞受体上,TNF-α和TNF-β都被本发明的化合物所抑制,因此,除有特别的描述外,它们统称为“TNF”。优选TNF-α被本发明的化合物所抑制。
“细胞活素(Cytokine)”指任何影响细胞功能的分泌的多肽,是一种对应于免疫、炎性或造血反应而调整细胞间相互作用的分子。细胞活素(Cytokine)包括,但不限于单核细胞活素(monokine)和淋巴激活素,而不管是什么细胞产生的。
对于治疗被HIV感染的人的应用,被本发明所抑制的细胞活素(Cytokine)必须是这样的,它们涉及到(a)T细胞的活化的产生和/或维持,和/或活化T细胞传递的HIV基因的表达和/或复制,和/或(b)与细胞活素传递的疾病相关的问题如恶病质或肌肉变性。优选这些细胞活素是TNF-α。
所有通式(Ⅰ)的化合物在需要治疗的包括人类在内的哺乳动物物体中抑制特别是由巨噬细胞、单核细胞或巨噬细胞和单核细胞产生的TNF的方法中是有用的。所有通式(Ⅰ)的化合物可用于抑制或传递PDEIV的酶或催化活性的方法和治疗由此传递的疾病。
制备方法:
通式(Ⅰ)的化合物的制备由本领域内的技术人员根据下面的实施例中描述的方法可以完成。在下面没有描述的通式(Ⅰ)的其它化合物也可以通过类似的方法来制备,它们包括:
通式(Ⅰ)的化合物是由通式(Ⅰ)的相应的酮(这里Z是O)在有催化剂存在或如需要在去水的条件下与活性亚甲基试剂反应制备,或与在下面的实施例中描述的方法中所述的稳定的内鎓盐反应来制备。然而,当R3是CHO时,在反应中R3必须保护成如酮缩醇的形式,然后再解除保护。
前体酮可以用普通的方法来制备,其实施例在于1992年10月30申请的共同待批的申请USSN07/968,753中已经列出;这些材料在此结合作为参考,如同将其全部列出。
下面的实施例列出来描述怎样制备本发明的化合物和确定相关的治疗活性的方法。这些实施例不是用来限制本发明的,它们的目的是描述而不是限制。
实施例1:
4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-酮
1a.(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)乙腈
往3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(20g,90.8mmol)乙腈(100ml)溶液中加入溴化锂(15g,173mmol),再滴入三甲基甲硅氯(trimethylsilylchloride)(17.4ml,137mmol)。15分钟后,反应混合物冷却到0℃,再滴入1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(26.7ml,151mmol),所得混合物允许升温至室温。搅拌3小时后,混合物分两层。移出下层,用二氯甲烷稀释,再用硅藻土过滤。滤液减压浓缩,并溶解到二氯甲烷中,再过滤,在真空下除去溶剂,得到浅褐色的油状物。往这一粗制a-溴-3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基甲苯的二甲基甲酰胺(160ml)溶液中,在氩气氛中加入氰化钠(10.1g,206mmol),所得混合物在室温下搅拌18个小时,然后注入到冷水(600ml)中,用醚萃取三次。有机萃取液用水洗三次,用盐水洗涤一次,再干燥(碳酸钾)。在真空中除去溶剂,残留物用快速色谱法纯化、用10%的乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱,得到m.p为32-34℃的灰白色固体(17.7g,84%),还离析出其它稍微不纯的物质(1.3g)。
1b.4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)庚二酸二甲酯
往(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)乙腈(7g,30.3mmol)的乙腈(200ml)溶液中在氩气氛下加入40%的三通B的甲醇(1.4ml,3.03mmol)溶液,混合物加热并回流。小心加入丙烯酸甲酯(27ml,303mmol),反应混合物维持回流5小时,然后冷却。混合物用醚稀释,用1N盐酸洗涤一次,用盐水洗涤一次,干燥(硫酸镁),真空去除溶剂,固体剩余物用5%乙醇/己烷研制,得熔点为81-82℃的白色固体(98,74%),此外从滤液得到1.1g(9%)。
分析计算:C22H29NO6:C 65.49,H 7.25,N 3.47;
实测值:C 65.47,H 7.11,N 3.49。
1c.2-甲酯基-4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-酮
往4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)庚二酸二甲酯(5.9g,14.6mmol)在干1,2-二甲氧乙烷(120ml)的溶液中在氩气氛中加入氢化钠(80%在矿物油中的悬浮液,1.05g,43.8mmol)。混合物加热回流4.5小时,然后冷却到室温并搅拌16小时。加入水,反应混合物在醚和酸性水之间分配,干燥有机萃取物(硫酸镁),真空去除溶剂。用快速色谱法纯化并用3∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱残留物,得白色泡沫(4.9g,93%)。
分析计算:C19H23NO31/4H2O C 67.09,H 6.84,N 3.72;实测值: C 66.92,H 6.61,N 3.74。
1d.4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-酮
2-甲酯基-4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-酮(0.80g,2.15mmol)、二甲亚砜(16ml)、水(1ml)、和氯化钠(0.8g)混合物在氩气氛中在140-145℃下加热5个小时。反应混合物冷却、浓缩。用快速色谱法纯化并用3∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱残留物,得黄色固体。和己烷/乙酸乙酯一起研制,得m.p.为111-112℃的白色固体(0.52g,77%)
分析计算:C19H23NO3:C 72.82,H 7.40,N 4.47,实测值: C 72.72,H 7.39,N 4.48。
1e.4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-酮
2-甲酯基-4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-酮(0.80g,2.15mmol)、二甲亚砜(16ml)、水(1ml)和氯化钠(0.8g)的混合物在氩气氛中在140-145℃下加热5小时。冷却、浓缩反应混合物,用快速色谱法纯化并用3∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱残留物,得黄色固体。与己烷/乙酸乙酯一起研制得m.p.为111-112℃的白色固体(0.52g,77%)。
分析计算:C19H23NO3C 72.82,H 7.40,N 4.47;实测值:C 72.72,H 7.39,N 4.48。
实施例2:
4-氰基-4-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-酮
2a.3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛
剧烈搅拌下的在二甲基甲酰胺(400ml)中的3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(20g,131mmol)、氯甲基环丙烷(18.2ml,197mmol)及粉末状的碳酸钾(27.3g,197mmol)的混合物在氩气氛中在80℃下加热9小时。混合物冷却、用硅藻土过滤。滤液减压浓缩,残留物用乙酸乙酯萃取二次,有机萃取物用饱和碳酸钠水溶液洗涤五次,干燥(硫酸钠),真空去除溶剂,得到m.p.为67-69℃的灰白色固体(21.2g,78%)。
2b.(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)乙腈
3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(21.2g,103mmol)中加入溴化锂(17.8g,206mmol)和乙腈(110ml),溶解后,反应物冷却至0℃。慢慢地加入三甲基硅氯(19.6ml,154mmol),反应混合物可以升温至室温,并搅拌15分钟。反应混合物再冷却至0℃,加入1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(27.2ml,154mmol),所得混合物可以升温至室温。搅拌2小时后,混合物分为两层。移出下层,用二氯甲烷稀释、过滤、减压浓缩滤液,这一步骤重复三次。所得浅褐色油在氩气氛中溶解在二甲基甲酰胺(90ml)中并用氰化钠(11.3g,232mmol)处理。所得混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,注入冷水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取二次。混合的有机萃取物用水洗三次,用盐水洗一次,干燥(硫酸钠)。真空去除溶剂,得到油状物(21.4g,96%),它未经纯化即可用。
2c.4-氰基-4-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)庚二酸二甲酯
在氩气氛中往(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)乙腈(21.4g,98.6mmol)的乙腈(400ml)溶液中添加40%的三通B的甲醇(4.5ml,9.9mmol)溶液。所得混合物加热回流,并小心加入丙烯酸甲酯(178ml,197mmol)。3小时后,冷却反应物至室温并浓缩。残留物在10%的盐酸水溶液与乙酸乙酯之间分配,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,有机层干燥(碳酸钾)并蒸发。用快速色谱法纯化并用2∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得油状物(27g,71%)。
2d.2-甲酯基-4-氰基-4-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-酮
向-4-氰基-4-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)庚二酸二甲酯(10.4g,26.7mol)的干燥1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(500ml)溶液中在氩气氛中添加氢化钠(矿物油中的80%的分散体,2.5g,31.2mmol)。所得混合物回流4小时,冷却到室温,用水急冷。混合物在乙酸乙酯与酸性水之间分配,萃取三次,干燥(硫酸镁)有机层,真空去除溶剂。用快速色谱法纯化并用2∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱产物,得油状物(9g,95%)。
分析计算:C20H23NO5·1/8H2O C 66.79,H 6.52,N 3.89;实测值:C 66.62,H 6.43,N 3.92。
2e.4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-酮
2-甲酯基-4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-酮(0.8g,2.15mmol)、二甲亚砜(16ml)、水(1ml)和氯化钠(0.8g)的混合物在140-145℃下加热5小时。冷却、浓缩反应物。用快速色谱法纯化并用3∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱残留物,得黄色固体。和己烷/乙酸乙酯一起研制得白色固体(0.52g,77%),其m.p.为111-112℃。
分析计算:C19H23NO3C 72.82,H 7.40,N 4.47;实测值: C 72.72,H 7.39,N 4.48。
实施例3
[4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-亚基]丙二腈
4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)-环己-1-酮(0.2g,0.64mmol)和丙二腈(0.042g,0.64mmol)的混合物加热到110℃。熔融物中加入包含有微量β氨基丙酸的水(2ml),接着加热3小时。冷却混合物,并在水与乙酸乙酯间分配,用乙酸乙酯萃取二次,干燥(碳酸钾)有机萃取物,真空去除溶剂。用快速色谱法纯化并用20%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱,产品再与乙酸乙酯/乙醇一起研制,得m.p.为142-143℃的白色固体(0.15g,65%)。
分析计算:C22H23N3O2为:C 73.11,H 6.41,N 11.63;实测值:C 73.27,H 6.46,N 11.41。
实施例4:
2-[4-(3,4-双二氟甲氧苯基)-4-氰亚环己基]-2-叔丁氧基乙腈
往氢化钠(80%的分散体,0.02g,0.66mmol)的干四氢呋喃(0.5ml)悬浮液中在0℃和氩气氛中加入二乙基叔-丁基(氰基)甲基-磷酸酯(0.15g,0.6mmol)。半小时后,加入4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-酮(0.1g,0.3mmol)的四氢呋喃(0.5ml)溶液,混合物可以到达室温。半小时后,混合物加热回流10分钟,冷却,再加入氯化钠水溶液和水,用乙醚萃取混合物三次,干燥(硫酸镁)、蒸发萃取物。用快速色谱法纯化并用15%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱,再用己烷/乙醚研制,得m.p.为67-68℃的白色固体(0.07g,58%)。
分析计算:C21H22F4N2O3C 59.15,H 5.20,N 6.57;实测值:C 58.80,H 5.04,N 6.24。
实施例5
2-[4-(3,4-双二氟甲氧苯基)-4-氰基亚环己基]-2-乙酰氧基乙腈
在乙酸酐(1.5ml)中的2-[4-(3,4-双二氟甲氧苯基)-4-氰基亚环己基]-2-叔-丁氧基乙腈(0.08g,0.19mmol)和碘化锌(0.07g,0.23mmol)的混合物在氩气氛中加热回流15分钟,冷却,用水稀释,用乙醚萃取三次。用水、盐水洗涤萃取物,再干燥(硫酸镁)、蒸发。用快速色谱法纯化并用20%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱,再与己烷/乙醚/二氯甲烷研制,得m.p.为73-74℃的白色固体。
分析计算:C19H16F4N2O4·1/4H2O C 54.75,H 3.99,N 6.70;实测值:C 54.58,H 3.86,N 6.61。
实施例6
4-氰基-4-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-亚基乙酸甲酯
在室温下和氩气氛中用固体氢化钠(0.22g,7.3mmol,80%的矿物油分散体)处理甲基二乙基磷酸酯(1.2ml,6.68mmol)的乙二醇二甲基醚(10ml)溶液。搅拌1.5小时后,加入4-氰基-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己酮(1.0g,3.34mmol)溶液。混合物再搅拌3小时,反应混合物在二氯甲烷和水之间分配,萃取二次,干燥(碳酸钾)、蒸发得到一油状物。用快速色谱法纯化并用2∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱得一油状物(0.48g,40%)
分析计算:C21H25NO4·1/8H2O C 70.5,H 7.12,N 3.92;实测值:C 70.36,H 7.01,N 3.89。
实施例7
4-氰基-4-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-亚基甲酸
用氢氧化钾(0.81g,1.44mol,2.7ml水)的水溶液处理4-氰基-4-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-乙酸酯 (0.17g,0.48mmol)的甲醇(4.8ml)溶液,在室温下和氩气氛中搅拌3天。反应混合物在二氯甲烷与酸性水中分配,并萃取三次,干燥(硫酸镁)、蒸发。用快速色谱法纯化并用95∶5的氯仿/甲醇洗脱,得泡沫状物(0.12g,73%)。
治疗方法:
为了用通式(Ⅰ)的化合物及它们的药物上可以接受的盐治疗人和其它哺乳动物,通常按标准的药物惯例将其配制成药物组合物。
通式(Ⅰ)的化合物,或者它们的药物上可接受的盐可以用在药剂的生产上,该药剂由传递对PDE IV的抑制来预防和治疗人类或通过其它哺乳动物的各种疾病,例如,但不限于哮喘、过敏性或炎性疾病。用有效量的通式(Ⅰ)的化合物来治疗人类或其它哺乳动物的这类疾病。
为了这些目的,对所有通式(Ⅰ)的化合物,治疗方法和应用剂量都是一致的。
为了用通式(Ⅰ)的化合物或它们的药物上可接受的盐治疗人或其它哺乳动物,通常按标准的药物惯例将其配制成药物组合物。
一定治疗效果所需施用的通式(Ⅰ)的化合物的量当然应根据所选择的化合物、病况的性质及严重性、所治疗的动物而变化,最后是按医师的处方而定。
口服的日服用量合适的是0.001mg/Kg至100mg/Kg。优选的是0.01mg/Kg至40mg/Kg的通式(Ⅰ)的化合物或它们的药物上可接受的盐(以游离碱计算)。活性成份可每日服用1-6次,就足以显示出活性。
当按本发明服用这些化合物时,不会有毒性。
应用实施例:
实施例A:
通式(Ⅰ)的化合物对人体内单核细胞产生TNF的抑制作用
通式(Ⅰ)的化合物对人体内单核细胞产生TNF的抑制作用可以通过如Badger等人的1991年2月6日分开的EPO 0411754A2及Hanna的1990年12月27日公开的WO90/15534中描述的方案来确定。
实施例B:
两种内毒素休克方式用来测定体内TNF对通式(Ⅰ)的化合物的活性。用在这两种方式上的方案描述在Badger等人的1991年2月6日公开的EPO 0411754A2及Hanna的1990年12月27公开的WO90/15534中。
本发明的化合物证明在体内对降低由于注射内毒素而导致的TNF的血清量有阳性反应。
实施例C:
PDE同功酶的分离
通式(Ⅰ)化合物的磷酸二酯酶的抑制活性和选择性可以用一组五种明显不同的同功酶来测定。用做不同的同功酶来源的组织如下:1)PDE Ⅰb,猪的主动脉;2)PEDIC,荷兰猪心脏;3)PVEⅢ,荷兰猪心脏;4)PDE Ⅳ,人体单核细胞;5)PDE V(也叫“Ⅰa”),犬的气管。PEES Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅰc和Ⅲ用标准色谱技术来部分纯化[Torphy and Cieslinski,Mol.Pharmacol.,37:206-214,1990]。PDE Ⅳ顺序用阴离子交换及肝素-琼脂糖色谱[Torphy等,J.Biol.Chem.,267:1798-1804,1992]来纯化至动力学均匀。
磷酸二酯酶的活性按Torphy和Cieslinski,Mol.Pharmacol.,37:206-214,1990上描述的方法测定,毫微摩尔-微摩尔浓度范围的这里描述的例举的实施例的通式(Ⅰ)的化合物的阳性IC50′s已得到了证实。
实施例D:
选择的PDE Ⅳ抑制体对升高cAMP在完整组织内的聚集能力通过U-937细胞(已显示包含有大量PDE Ⅳ的人体单核细胞链)来测量。为了测量完整细胞内PDE Ⅳ抑制能力,无区别的U-937细胞(约105个细胞/反应试管)用不同浓度(0.01-1000μM)的PDE抑制体培养一分钟,再用1μM的前列腺素E2培养4分钟。开始反应5分钟后,加入17.5%的高氯酸使细胞溶解,加入1M碳酸钾使PH为中性,用RIA测量cAPM的含量。这一测量的总的方案公开在Brocker等人的“Radioimmunassay of Cyclic AMP and Cyclic GMP.,Adv.Cyclic Nucleotide Res.,10:1-33,1979。在这里描述的通式(Ⅰ)的列举的实施例的化合物已在上述测量中证实在μM范围内具有阳性EC50s。
Claims (8)
1、一种具有通式(Ⅰ)的化合物
其中:
R1是-(CR4R5)nC(O)O(CR4R5)mR5、
-(CR4R5)nC(O)NR4(CR4R5)mR6、-(CR4R5)nO(CR4R5)mR5、或-(CR4R5)rR6,其中烷基任选的是被一个或多个卤素取代;
m是0-2;
n是1-4;
r是1-6;
R4和R5单独选自氢或C1-2烷基;
R6是氢、甲基、羟基、芳基、卤代芳基、芳氧基C1-3烷基、卤取代芳氧基C1-3烷基、2,3-二氢化茚基、茚基、C7-11多环烷基、四氢呋喃基、呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、吡喃基、四氢噻吩基、噻吩基、四氢噻喃基、噻喃基、C3-6环烷基、或包含有一个或两个不饱和键的C4-6的环烷基,其中,环烷基和杂环基可以任选地被1-3个甲基或一个乙基取代;
应满足以下条件:
a)当R6是羟基,则m是2;或
b)当R6是羟基,则r是2-6;或
c)当R6是2-四氢吡喃基、2-四氢噻喃基、2-四氢呋喃基、或2-四氢噻吩基时,则m是1或2;或
d)当R6是2-四氢吡喃基、2-四氢噻喃基、2-四氢呋喃基、或2-四氢噻吩基时,则r是1-6;
e)当n是1且m是0时,在-(CR4R5)nO(CR4R5)mR6中的R6不是H;
X是YR2,卤素、硝基、NR4R5、或乙酰胺;
Y是O或S(O)m′;
m′是0,1,或2;
X2是O或NR8;
X3是氢或X;
R2单独选自任选被一个或多个卤原子取代的-CH3或-CH2CH3;
S是0-4;
R3是氢、卤素、C1-4的烷基、卤取代C1-4烷基、
CH2NHC(O)C(O)NH2、-CH=CR8′R8′、任选地被R8′取代的环丙基、CN、OR8、CH2OR8、NR8R10、CH2NR8R10、C(Z′)H、C(O)OR8、C(O)NR8R10、或C≡CR8′;
Z′是O、NR9、NOR8、NCN、C(-CH)2、CR8CN、CR8NO2、CR8C(O)OR8、CR8C(O)NR8R8、C(-CN)NO2、C(-CN)C(O)OR9、或C(-CN)C(O)NR8R8;
Z是C(-CN)2、CR14CN、CR14C(O)OR8、CR14C(O)NR8R14、C(-CN)NO2、C(-CN)C(O)OR9、C(-CN)OC(O)R9、C(-CN)OR9、或C(-CN)C(O)NR8R14;
R7是-(CR4R5)qR12或C1-6烷基(其中R12或C1-6烷基任选被甲基或乙基取代一或多次,所述甲基或乙基任选被1-3个氟取代)、-F、-Br、-Cl、-NO2、-NR10R11、-C(O)R8、-CO2R6、-OR8、-CN、-C(O)NR10R11、-OC(O)NR10R11、-OC(O)R8、-NR10C(O)NR10R11、-NR10C(O)R11、-NR10C(O)OR9、-NR10C(O)R13、
-C(NR10)NR10R11、-C(NCN)NR10R11、-C(NCN)SR8、
-NR10C(NCN)SR9、-NR10C(NCN)NR10R11、-NR10S(O)2R9、
-S(O)m′R′ 9、-NR10C(O)C(O)NR10R11、-NR10C(O)C(O)R10、噻唑基、咪唑基、噁唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、或四唑基;
q是0,1或2;
R12是C3-C7环烷基、(2-,3-或4-吡啶基)、嘧啶基、吡唑基(1-或2-咪唑基)、噻唑基、三唑基、吡咯基、哌嗪基、哌嗪烷基、吗啉基、呋喃基、(2-或3-噻吩基)、(4-或5-噻唑基)、喹啉基、萘基、或苯基;
R8单独选自氢或R9;
R′ 8是R8或氟;
R9是任选被1-3个氟取代的C1-4烷基;
R10是OR8或R11;
R11是氢或任选被1-3个氟取代的C1-4烷基;或当R10和R11有NR10R11的形式时,它们与氮一起形成任选地包含至少一个选自O、N或S的杂原子的5-7节环;
R13是噁唑烷基、噁唑基、噻唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、四唑基、咪唑基、咪唑烷基、噻唑烷基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、或噻二唑基,所有这些杂环都通过碳原子相连,都是可以被一个或两个C1-2烷基取代或不取代;
R14是氢或R7;或当R8和R14有NR8R14的形式时,它们一起与氮构成任选地包含有一个或多个选自O、N或S的杂原子的5-7节环;条件为当R12是N-吡唑基、N-咪唑基、N-噻唑基、N-吡咯基、N-哌嗪基、N-哌嗪烷基、或吗啉基时,q不是1;
或它们的药物上可接受的盐。
2、一种有通式(Ⅰa)结构的权利要求1的化合物,
其中:
R1是CH2-环丙基、CH2-C5-6环烷基、C4-6环烷基、C7-11多环烷基、(3-或4-环戊烯基)、苯基、四氢呋喃-3-基、任选地被一个或多个氟取代的苄基或C1-2烷基、-(CH2)1-3C(O)O(CH2)0-2CH3、-(CH2)1-3O(CH2)0-2CH3、和-(CH2)2-4OH;
X是YR2、卤素、硝基、NR4R5、或甲酰胺;
Y是O或S(O)m′;
m′是0,1,或2;
R2是任选地被一个或多个卤素取代的-CH3或-CH2CH3;
R3是氢、C1-4烷基、卤取代的C1-4烷基、CH2C(O)C(O)N、CH2NHC(O)C(O)NH2、CN、CH2OR8、C(Z′)H、C(O)OR8、C(O)NR8R10或C≡CR8;
Z′是O或NOR8;
Z是C(-CN)2、CR14CN、CR14C(O)OR8、C(-CN)C(O)OR9、C(-CN)OC(O)R9、C(-CN)OR9、或C(-CN)C(O)NR8R14;
R7是-(CR4R5)qR12或C1-5烷基(其中R12或C1-5烷基任选地被有1-3个氟取代的甲基或乙基取代一或多次)、-F、-Br、-Cl、-NO2、-NR10R11、-C(O)R8、-CO2R8、-OR8、-CN、-C(O)NR10R11、-OC(O)NR10R11、-OC(O)R8、-NR10C(O)NR10R11、-NR10C(O)R11、-NR10C(O)OR9、-NR10C(O)R13、-C(NR10)NR10R11、-C(NCN)NR10R11、-C(NCN)SR9、-NR10C(NCN)SR9、-NR10C(NCN)NR10R11、-NR10S(O)2R9、-S(O)m′R9、-NR10C(O)C(O)NR10R11、-NR10C(O)C(O)R10、噻唑基、咪唑基、噁唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、或四唑基;
q是0,1或2;
R12是C3-C7环烷基、(2-,3-或4-吡啶基)、(1-或2-咪唑基)、哌嗪基、吗啉基、(2-或3-噻吩基)、(4-或5-噻唑基)或苯基;
R8单独选自氢或R9;
R9是任选地被1-3个氟取代的C1-4烷基;
R10是OR8或R11;
R11是氢或任选被1-3个氟取代的C1-4烷基;或当R10R11有NR10R11的形式时,它们和氮一起构成任选地包含有至少一个选自O、N或S的其它杂原子的5-7节环;
R13是噁唑烷基、噁唑基、噻唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、四唑基、咪唑基、咪唑烷基、噻唑烷基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基,所有这些杂环都是通过碳连接,它们都可以被一个或两个C1-2烷基取代或不取代;
R14是氢或R7;或当R8和R14有NR8R14的形式时,它们与氮一起形成任选地包含有一个或多个选自O、N或S的其它杂原子的5-7节环;
应满足以下条件:
当R′ 12是N-咪唑基、N-三唑基、N-吡咯基、N-哌嗪基或N-吗啉基时,q不为1;
或者它们的药物上可以接受的盐。
3、一种权利要求2的化合物,其中:
R1是-CH2-环丙基、环戊基、甲基或CF2H;
R3是CN或C≡CR8;
X是YR2;
Y是氧;
X2是氧;
X3是氢;
R2是CF2H或甲基。
4、一种根据权利要求3的化合物,它们是:
[4-氰基-4-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-亚基]丙二腈;
2-[4-(3,4-双二氟甲氧苯基)-4-氰基环己-1-亚基]-2-叔丁氧基乙腈;
2-[4-(3,4-双二氟甲氧苯基)-4-氰基环己基-1-亚基]-2-乙酰氧基乙腈;
4-氰基-4-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-亚基乙酸甲酯;或
4-氰基-4-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-甲氧苯基)环己-1-亚基甲酸。
5、一种包括按权利要求1-4的任何一项的化合物和药物上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物。
6、一种治疗过敏或炎性疾病的方法,该方法包括给予需要它的个体有效量的按权利要求1-4任何一项的化合物,该化合物单独或者结合药物上可以接受的赋形剂一起使用。
7、一种抑制肿瘤坏死因子的产生的方法,该方法包括给予需要的个体有效量的按权利要求1-4的任何一项的化合物,该化合物单独或结合药物上可以接受的赋形剂一起使用。
8、按权利要求1-4的任何一项的化合物在制备治疗过敏和炎性疾病的药物的用途。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US86208392A | 1992-04-02 | 1992-04-02 | |
US862,083 | 1992-04-02 | ||
US96875392A | 1992-10-30 | 1992-10-30 | |
US968,753 | 1992-10-30 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1092407A true CN1092407A (zh) | 1994-09-21 |
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CNB931057000A Expired - Lifetime CN1146536C (zh) | 1992-04-02 | 1993-04-02 | 新的环己烷衍生物 |
CN93105726A Pending CN1092407A (zh) | 1992-04-02 | 1993-04-02 | 新的环乙烷亚基衍生物 |
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CNB931057000A Expired - Lifetime CN1146536C (zh) | 1992-04-02 | 1993-04-02 | 新的环己烷衍生物 |
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US (3) | US5449686A (zh) |
EP (2) | EP0633775B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3195353B2 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1146536C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE203159T1 (zh) |
AU (2) | AU3738393A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2133337C (zh) |
CY (1) | CY2311B1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE69328778T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0636025T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2158860T3 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR3036853T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1012262A1 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL105219A0 (zh) |
MA (2) | MA22858A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9301904A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ251176A (zh) |
PT (1) | PT636025E (zh) |
SA (1) | SA93140227B1 (zh) |
SI (1) | SI9300171A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1993019748A1 (zh) |
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1993
- 1993-03-05 DE DE69328778T patent/DE69328778T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-05 JP JP51744593A patent/JP3195353B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-05 AU AU37383/93A patent/AU3738393A/en not_active Abandoned
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- 1993-03-05 WO PCT/US1993/001990 patent/WO1993019748A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-03-12 NZ NZ251176A patent/NZ251176A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-12 EP EP93907493A patent/EP0636025B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-12 AT AT93907493T patent/ATE203159T1/de active
- 1993-03-12 DE DE69330459T patent/DE69330459T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-12 DK DK93907493T patent/DK0636025T3/da active
- 1993-03-12 PT PT93907493T patent/PT636025E/pt unknown
- 1993-03-12 CA CA002133337A patent/CA2133337C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-12 ES ES93907493T patent/ES2158860T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-30 IL IL105219A patent/IL105219A0/xx unknown
- 1993-04-01 MA MA23147A patent/MA22858A1/fr unknown
- 1993-04-01 MX MX9301904A patent/MX9301904A/es unknown
- 1993-04-01 MA MA23146A patent/MA22857A1/fr unknown
- 1993-04-02 CN CNB931057000A patent/CN1146536C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-02 SI SI9300171A patent/SI9300171A/sl unknown
- 1993-04-02 CN CN93105726A patent/CN1092407A/zh active Pending
- 1993-09-29 SA SA93140227A patent/SA93140227B1/ar unknown
-
1994
- 1994-09-29 US US08/313,095 patent/US5449686A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1995
- 1995-05-24 US US08/488,556 patent/US5811455A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-24 US US08/449,633 patent/US5631286A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-11-26 AU AU71999/96A patent/AU708544B2/en not_active Expired
-
1998
- 1998-12-15 HK HK98113532A patent/HK1012262A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-10-09 GR GR20010401717T patent/GR3036853T3/el unknown
-
2003
- 2003-01-15 CY CY0300003A patent/CY2311B1/xx unknown
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