CN109224024B

CN109224024B - Pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating bacterial mixed infection of freshwater fish and application method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN109224024B
Application number: CN201811427157.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王利
Original assignee: Southwest Minzu University
Current assignee: Southwest Minzu University
Priority date: 2018-11-27
Filing date: 2018-11-27
Publication date: 2021-07-30
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-27
Also published as: CN109224024A

Abstract

The invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition for treating freshwater fish bacterial mixed infection and an application method thereof. The pharmaceutical composition comprises the following components: honeysuckle, cyrtomium rhizome, coix seed, purslane, rhubarb, calamus and amomum fruit, wherein the preferable weight ratio is 1:2:2:3:1:1: 1. The composition has good prevention and treatment functions on mixed infection of freshwater fish bacteria and mixed infection of freshwater fish bacteria secondary to other diseases.

Description

Pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating bacterial mixed infection of freshwater fish and application method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to aquaculture, in particular to the technical field of medicines for preventing and treating bacterial mixed infection of freshwater fish.

Background

Bacterial fish diseases refer to fish diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria, are the most common and most harmful diseases in aquaculture, have the characteristics of wide distribution, urgent onset, quick transmission, high morbidity and mortality and the like, and cause great economic loss to aquaculture industries of various countries in the world every year, so the bacterial fish diseases are always concerned by fish disease research workers at home and abroad. In recent years, freshwater fish is easy to infect various pathogens in water due to continuous deterioration of water body environment, pollution of culture water areas, poor management and the like, and mixed or secondary infection of some bacterial diseases often occurs, so that the main pathogenic bacteria of the fish which are separately reported so far reach dozens, and the production of freshwater fishery is severely restricted.

How to effectively prevent and treat fish bacterial diseases is not only related to the healthy development of fishery, but also closely related to the food safety of dining tables. The main means for controlling fish bacterial diseases for a long time is to use antibacterial drugs, such as quinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and other antibiotics, which are widely used in the production of freshwater fishery for a long time. In recent years, with the general attention of the whole society to the problems of drug residues, antibiotic resistance and the like, governments have also conducted large-scale rectification on the whole fishing medicine market, and a large number of aquatic product forbidden drugs such as chloramphenicol, furazolidone, malachite green, sodium pentachlorophenolate and the like are successively published. Under the mutual efforts of all aspects, the use of forbidden drugs is better controlled.

However, in the conventional fish culture process, because bacterial diseases occur frequently, the occurrence area is large, the market price of fish commodities is low, and the like, in particular, in recent years, the water quality is reduced, the long-term circulation of fish diseases is accumulated, and single bacterial infection is rare and complex mixed infection is frequently presented. Still, farmers often select some old methods for disease prevention and treatment, especially in fish schools with reduced water quality and serious mixed infection, and even abuse antibiotics and other drugs, so that drug resistance is easy to generate, the prevention and treatment of fish bacterial diseases are difficult, serious adverse effects are easy to be brought to the quality of aquatic products, and the discharged culture wastewater directly or indirectly pollutes the natural environment.

In addition, research on nutrition physiology proves that when the fish diseases are prevented and treated by the chemical drugs, some chemical drugs are not easy to degrade in the fish body and gradually accumulate in the fish body, finally reach the human body through a food chain and continuously accumulate in the human body, and finally can cause great harm to the health of the human body, thereby bringing serious negative effects to the sustainable development of the society. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the technology of replacing antibiotics for preventing and treating bacterial fish diseases in fishery breeding.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a traditional Chinese medicine composition with a good prevention and treatment function on mixed infection of freshwater fish bacteria and an application method thereof.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating mixed infection of freshwater fish and bacteria comprises the following raw material medicines: honeysuckle, cyrtomium rhizome, coix seed, purslane, rhubarb, calamus and amomum fruit.

The pharmaceutical composition may also comprise other known or well-known medicines for treating mixed infection of freshwater fish bacteria, or other auxiliary products, such as one or more of antibiotics, electrolytic vitamins and disinfectants.

Preferably, the raw material medicaments of the pharmaceutical composition consist of the following components: honeysuckle, cyrtomium rhizome, coix seed, purslane, rhubarb, calamus and amomum fruit.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the honeysuckle, the cyrtomium rhizome, the coix seed, the purslane, the rhubarb, the calamus and the fructus amomi is 1-3: 1-3: 1-3: 1-3: 1-3: 1-3: 1-3.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the honeysuckle to the cyrtomium rhizome to the coix seed to the purslane to the rhubarb to the calamus to the fructus amomi is 1:2:2:3:1:1: 1.

Furthermore, the pharmaceutical composition is prepared by combining one or more than two of medicinal powder, water extract and ethanol extract of the raw materials. The raw material medicaments of the invention refer to raw material medicaments for producing the pharmaceutical composition of the invention, can be active ingredients, and can also be carriers (such as traditional Chinese medicines) containing the active ingredients, and the existing forms of the raw material medicaments can be solid, liquid or other forms. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the traditional Chinese medicines such as honeysuckle, cyrtomium rhizome, coix seed, purslane, rhubarb, calamus, villous amomum fruit and the like can be called as raw material medicines.

Furthermore, the medicinal powder of the raw material medicines is sieved by a sieve of 80-100 meshes.

Correspondingly, the application method of the pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating the mixed infection of the freshwater fish bacteria comprises the following steps: the pharmaceutical composition is used alone or in combination with an antibiotic. The medicinal composition can be used as a mixed material for oral administration, and can also be used in modes of bag hanging administration in a feeding area and the like. The application method is still completed by the pharmaceutical composition of the invention, the antibiotic is mainly used for controlling secondary infection, and the secondary infection can be effectively controlled, the treatment period is shortened, the use of the antibiotic is reduced, and the treatment effect is enhanced while the antibiotic and the pharmaceutical composition are matched for treatment. The pharmaceutical composition and the antibiotics have good synergistic effect in controlling primary and secondary infection, and can treat diseases more quickly.

Preferably, the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition is 0.5-1 kg per 100 kg of fish per day, and the pharmaceutical composition is mixed with feed or made into granules for feeding. In actual use, the medicine taking method can be selected within the application method range according to individual weight, diseased conditions and the like of fish shoal, if the disease of the fish shoal is rapid and serious, the fish shoal can be taken orally and hung in a bag to take medicine, even the dosage is properly increased, or antibiotics are adopted for matching treatment; if the disease condition of the fish is mild, the medicine can be taken orally or hung in a bag.

Preferably, the supplementary feeding of electrolytic multivitamins also promotes the recovery of fish stocks during the course of using the pharmaceutical composition alone or in combination with antibiotics. The feed area aquaculture water can be assisted to disinfect in the process of using the medicine composition alone or in combination with antibiotics.

The theoretical idea of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is as follows:

the honeysuckle flower in the formula has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, resisting inflammation, treating wind, resisting bacteria and viruses and enhancing the immunity; rhizoma Osmundae has effects of clearing heat, cooling blood, removing toxic substance, killing parasite, resisting bacteria and virus; herba Portulacae has effects of clearing heat, diminishing inflammation, clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispelling blood stasis, relieving swelling, resisting bacteria and virus; fructus Amomi has effects in promoting qi circulation, regulating middle warmer, regulating stomach function, and activating spleen; radix et rhizoma Rhei has effects of clearing heat-fire, cooling blood, removing toxic substance, removing blood stasis, dredging channels, promoting diuresis, and eliminating jaundice; the calamus has the functions of eliminating dampness, promoting qi circulation, dispelling wind, removing obstruction of qi, relieving swelling and pain and regulating immunity; fructus Amomi has the effects of regulating qi and blood, dispelling cold and dampness, warming spleen, stimulating appetite, relieving diarrhea, and stopping bleeding. Clearing away heat and toxic material to achieve the effects of resisting bacteria and viruses, resisting inflammation and infection, strengthening body resistance and consolidating constitution, and exerting the comprehensive effect of compatibility of medicines.

Meanwhile, in the process of freshwater aquaculture, pure specific bacterial infection is rare, and the mixed bacterial infection is usually shown in the aspects of virus or water quality reduction, parasite infection or direct bacterial attack. The honeysuckle flower in the formula is used as a monarch drug and takes a large amount of the traditional dosage, the villous amomum fruit and the calamus are used as ministers and assistants, the cyrtomium rhizome and the rhubarb are used as assistants, and the coix seed is used as a guide (considering the water medication, the dosage of the coix seed is increased by the drug combination after the actual curative effect is proved for strengthening and strengthening the body resistance), so that the effects of broad-spectrum antibiosis, anti-inflammation, detoxification and strengthening the body resistance are achieved.

In addition, the invention fully considers the particularity of the water body medication: the fish diseases are characterized by two main aspects, namely the fish diseases usually and remarkably show group outbreaks, such as fresh water fish bacterial septicemia, grass carp bacterial enteritis, grass carp hemorrhagic disease, gill rot disease, trichodiniasis, dactylogosis, sporozoosis and other parasitic diseases, the fish diseases have group outbreaks, and hundreds of fish die within a few days and even are empty in a pond. Secondly, the disease condition of the fish disease is complex and easy to repeat-the epidemic characteristics, pathological symptoms and prevention and treatment medicines of different fish ponds are obviously different, the method is greatly different from the prevention and treatment methods of livestock and poultry and the like, the unified clinical treatment standard of the fish disease is difficult to form, the stubborn degree and the occurrence frequency of the fish disease are enhanced in recent years, the recurrence rate is very high, the same disease is repeated, and the fish disease is frequently caused by multiple diseases or different diseases.

The corresponding fish disease medicine also has outstanding particularity, one is that the medicine for livestock and poultry can be accurately quantified basically according to the weight or age, and the medicine for freshwater fish is difficult to prepare the dosage according to the weight or age; secondly, the application of the medicines to the aquaculture water not only needs to consider the influence of physicochemical factors of the aquaculture water on the medicine effect, but also needs to consider the safety quality of the fish products and the safety of the water environment after the medicines are scattered in the water; thirdly, the livestock and poultry can accurately treat the sick animals or the adjacent animals in the same group, and the prevention and treatment scheme is timely adjusted according to the disease condition change, while the freshwater aquaculture production drug is used for the same purpose of disease and has obvious lag in scheme adjustment under the production condition.

Therefore, in the fresh water fish farming production, the single disease drug is difficult to be effective, and the chemical drugs such as antibiotics and the like have obvious hidden danger to the water environment, and the traditional Chinese medicine formula which is prepared by soaking natural drugs without influencing the curative effect in water and achieves the broad-spectrum, efficient and safe prevention and treatment effect has obvious advantages.

The invention has the following beneficial effects which are concentrated and embodied in the following aspects:

(1) the pharmaceutical composition has good treatment effect and anti-infection effect, can balance and condition the functions of the body surface barrier, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the immune system and the like of the fish body, and controls the spreading of epidemic situations; can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of the diseased fish, promote the balance and improvement of physiological functions and has no toxic or side effect.

(2) The pharmaceutical composition has good prevention and treatment effects when being used alone, does not need antibiotics, and effectively avoids the harm of antibiotic resistance caused by the large-scale use of antibiotics.

(3) The pharmaceutical composition can be used together with antibiotics, so that the bacterial mixed infection of fish schools can be cured in a short time under the condition of less antibiotic dosage;

(4) the pharmaceutical composition can prevent and treat the bacterial infection of the freshwater fish, and can also prevent and treat mixed bacterial infection of the freshwater fish caused by other diseases.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made by those skilled in the art and by conventional means without departing from the spirit of the method of the invention described above.

Example 1

In summer, the mixed infection of the hemorrhagic disease and the gill rot disease of the grass carp in the fishing ground in provinces such as Sichuan, Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong and the like which are treated is more violent in disease condition, wider in epidemic range, generally shorter in disease course, mostly days, high in death rate and great in production loss risk. The medicaments of the invention are used for treatment: crude drugs of honeysuckle, cyrtomium rhizome, coix seed, purslane, rhubarb, calamus and amomum fruit are taken according to the mass ratio, the components of the formula are processed into powder, the powder is evenly mixed and sieved by a 80-mesh sieve, the powder is filled into a clean moisture-proof glass bottle for standby, 100 kilograms of fish are taken every day, 0.5 kilogram of the fish is mixed with the feed for oral administration, the bag is hung in a feeding area, measures such as sanitation disinfection, feeding management enhancement and the like are assisted, the average symptom relieving time is 24-48h, fish groups gradually show that the symptoms of body surface focuses are relieved, the diarrhea and the digestive function are gradually restored, the feeding and the activities are gradually restored during the symptom relieving period, and the group health degree is obviously improved; on the 5 th day of administration, the average value is calculated after sampling 100 tails per point by using a five-point sampling method, the body surface has no focus visible to naked eyes, the feeding activity is recovered effectively, the effective rate reaches more than 83 percent, the body surface focus and the feeding activity of the fish school are completely recovered after insisting on using the natural pharmaceutical composition for 6 to 10 days, and no visible health difference exists between the original diseased fish school and the healthy fish school after healing.

In the area, 100 samples are taken from each sampling point by adopting five sampling methods of drug administration of different formulas on the 5 th day of mixed infection of the hemorrhagic disease and the gill rot disease of the grass carp, and the concrete result data of 5 balance efficiencies are calculated according to the standard, wherein the fish groups of the formulas 3 to 5 are treated for 3 days by using a single variety of antibiotics of quinolones, aminoglycosides or tetracyclines, and the dosage of the antibiotics is according to the drug instruction:

treatment of conditions with different weight ratios of the component drugs

Item	Composition 1	Composition 2	Composition 3	Composition 4	Composition 5	Composition 6
							Honeysuckle	1	1	3	3	2	2
Rhizoma Osmundae	2	2	3	3	2	1
							Coix seed	2	3	2	3	2	1
Herba Portulacae	3	3	2	2	2	1
							Radix et rhizoma Rhei	1	3	2	1	2	3
Acorus calamus	1	3	1	1	3	3
							Fructus amomi	1	1	1	2	2	3
Using antibiotics	/	/	Quinolones: enrofloxacin	Aminoglycosides: gentamicin	Tetracyclines: aureomycin	/
							Days of antibiotic use	/	/	3	3	3	/
Effective rate of 5 days	93%	85%	90%	89%	87%	83%
							Total time of healing	6	9	6	7	7	10

Example 2

Chinesia and enteritis mixed infection in fishing farms in Sichuan, Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong provinces and the like. The treatment with the medicament of the invention: crude drugs of honeysuckle, cyrtomium rhizome, coix seed, purslane, rhubarb, calamus and amomum fruit are taken according to the mass ratio, the components of the formula are processed into powder, the powder is uniformly mixed and sieved by a sieve of 80 meshes, the powder is filled into a clean moisture-proof glass bottle for standby, 100 kilograms of fish are taken every day, 1 kilogram of the drug is mixed with the feed for oral administration, measures such as sanitation, disinfection, feeding management enhancement and the like are taken as auxiliary measures, the average symptom relieving time is 24 to 48 hours, the fish shoal gradually shows that the symptoms of the focus on the body surface are relieved, the shrinkage, the diarrhea and the digestive function are gradually repaired, the food intake and the activity are gradually recovered during the symptom relieving period, and the group health degree is obviously improved; on the 5 th day of administration, the average value is calculated after sampling 100 tails per point by using a five-point sampling method, the recovery of the feeding activity is effective because no focus is visible on the body surface, the effective rate reaches over 90 percent, the body surface focus and the feeding activity of the fish school are completely recovered after insisting on using the natural pharmaceutical composition for 5 to 8 days, and no visible health difference exists between the original diseased fish school and the healthy fish school after healing.

In the area, the five sampling methods of the drug administration of different formulas are adopted for the mixed infection of the red skin disease and the enteritis of the grass carp, 100 samples are taken from each sampling point, and the specific result data of 5 balance average efficiencies are calculated according to the standard as follows:

treatment of conditions with different weight ratios of the component drugs

Item	Composition 1	Composition 2	Composition 3	Composition 4	Composition 5	Composition 6
							Honeysuckle	1	1	3	3	2	2
Rhizoma Osmundae	2	2	3	3	2	1
							Coix seed	2	3	2	3	2	1
Herba Portulacae	3	3	2	2	2	1
							Radix et rhizoma Rhei	1	3	2	1	2	3
Acorus calamus	1	3	1	1	3	3
							Fructus amomi	1	1	1	2	2	3
Using antibiotics	/	/	/	/	/	/
							Days of antibiotic use	/	/	/	/	/	/
Effective rate of 5 days	100%	90%	93%	95%	96%	91%
							Total time of healing	5	7	8	8	6	10

Example 3

Mixed infection of hemorrhagic disease, gill rot disease and enteritis in fishery in provinces such as Sichuan, Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong and the like has fierce disease situation, wide epidemic range and high death rate. The treatment with the medicament of the invention: taking crude drugs of honeysuckle, cyrtomium rhizome, coix seed, purslane, rhubarb, calamus and amomum fruit according to the mass ratio, processing the components of the formula into powder, uniformly mixing, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, filling into a clean moisture-proof glass bottle for later use, mixing 1 kg of the drug for 100 kg of fish every day, taking the mixture orally, hanging the mixture in a feeding area, assisting measures such as sanitation disinfection, feeding management enhancement and the like, and treating the fish groups by matching with a certain single variety of antibiotics such as quinolone, aminoglycoside or tetracycline for 3-5 days; the average symptom relieving time is 24-48h, the fish shoal gradually shows that the symptoms of body surface focus are relieved, the fish shoal is reduced, the diarrhea and the digestive function are gradually repaired, the food intake and the activities are gradually recovered during the symptom relieving period, and the group health degree is obviously improved; on the 5 th day of administration, the average value is calculated after sampling 100 tails per point by using a five-point sampling method, the body surface has no focus visible to naked eyes, the feeding activity is recovered effectively, the effective rate reaches more than 85 percent, the body surface focus and the feeding activity of the fish school are completely recovered after insisting on using the natural pharmaceutical composition for 6 to 10 days, and no visible health difference exists between the original diseased fish school and the healthy fish school after healing.

In the area, the five sampling methods of the 5 th day for the mixed infection of the hemorrhagic disease, the gill rot disease and the enteritis of the grass carp adopt the medicines with different formulas to sample 100 samples of each sampling point, and the specific result data of 5 balance efficiencies calculated according to the standard is as follows:

treatment of conditions with different weight ratios of the component drugs

Item	Composition 1	Composition 2	Composition 3	Composition 4	Composition 5	Composition 6
							Honeysuckle	1	1	3	3	2	2
Rhizoma Osmundae	2	2	3	3	2	1
							Coix seed	2	3	2	3	2	1
Herba Portulacae	3	3	2	2	2	1
							Radix et rhizoma Rhei	1	3	2	1	2	3
Acorus calamus	1	3	1	1	3	3
							Fructus amomi	1	1	1	2	2	3
Using antibiotics	Quinolones: norfloxacin hydrochloride	Aminoglycosides: neomycin	Tetracyclines: oxytetracycline	Quinolones: norfloxacin hydrochloride	Aminoglycosides: neomycin	Tetracycline oxytetracycline
							Days of antibiotic use	3	3	3	4	4	5
Effective rate of 5 days	92%	85%	90%	91%	92%	91%
							Total time of healing	6	10	7	8	8	7

Example 4

The inventor treats diseased fish in a centralized way by carrying out centralized treatment on diseased fish after hemorrhagic disease, water quality deterioration or parasitic infection in a large-scale fishery and secondary bacterial infection such as enteritis, gill rot and the like and secondary infection symptoms. The following methods were used for treatment: crude drugs of honeysuckle, cyrtomium fortunei, coix seed, purslane, rhubarb, calamus and amomum villosum are taken according to the mass ratio of 1:2:2:3:1:1:1, the components of the drug are processed into powder, the powder is uniformly mixed and sieved by 80-100 meshes, the powder is put into a clean moisture-proof glass bottle, 0.5-1 kg of mixed materials is taken per day according to 100 kg for oral administration, meanwhile, the water quality is improved by using antiparasitic drugs or measures of regulating water and increasing oxygen, and the measures of sanitation, enhancing feeding management and the like are supplemented, the average symptom relieving time is 24-48h, the spreading condition of epidemic situation is basically controlled at 72h, and the body surface focus and the feeding activity of fish herds are basically recovered after the natural drug composition is used for 6-10 days; on the 5 th day of administration, the average value is calculated after sampling 100 tails per point by using a five-point sampling method, the body surface has no focus visible to naked eyes, and the feeding activity is recovered to be effective, and the effective rate is more than 86%; the original diseased fish after curing has no visible health difference with healthy fish.

Results of treatment with the drug of this example for bacterial Mixed infections of different causes

Claims

1. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating mixed infection of freshwater fish bacteria is characterized in that: the pharmaceutical composition is prepared from the following raw material medicines: the traditional Chinese medicine comprises honeysuckle, cyrtomium rhizome, coix seed, purslane, rheum officinale, calamus and fructus amomi, wherein the mass ratio of the honeysuckle to the cyrtomium rhizome to the coix seed to the purslane to the rheum officinale to the calamus to the fructus amomi is 1:2:2:3:1:1: 1.

2. The pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating mixed infection of freshwater fish bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pharmaceutical composition also comprises one or more of antibiotics and disinfectants.

3. The pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating mixed bacterial infection in freshwater fish according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the medicine composition is prepared by combining one or more than two of medicine powder, water extract and ethanol extract of the raw materials.

4. The pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating mixed infection of freshwater fish bacteria according to claim 3, characterized in that: the medicinal powder of the raw material medicines is 80-100-mesh sieved medicinal powder.