CN109221526A - 一种夏秋茶鲜叶加工高茶黄素红茶的方法及设备 - Google Patents
一种夏秋茶鲜叶加工高茶黄素红茶的方法及设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种夏秋茶鲜叶加工高茶黄素红茶的方法,通过萎调、揉捻、发酵、干燥、保藏的工序来实现。本发明的红茶为高茶黄素红茶,经过自然萎调、揉捻、炒茶等工序,使茶叶携带香气品质成分如芳樟醇氧化物、β‑芳樟醇、脱氢芳樟醇及橙花叔醇相对总含量≥18%,茶黄素含量≥2%,产品品质优。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种夏秋茶鲜叶加工高茶黄素红茶的方法及设备,属于茶叶加工技术领域。
背景技术
夏秋茶鲜叶加工以传统的大宗茶类绿茶为主,由于产品缺乏特色、品质不高,价格普遍偏低,经济效益较差,加上国外市场不景气,有的茶厂甚至无利可图,从而造成了部分企业亏损、生产设备大量闲置,许多茶叶企业和茶农只采春茶,夏秋茶资源白白浪费,每年40—50%的夏秋茶资源未能加工利用。
石门县是湖南有机茶第一县和茶产业龙头县,同我省其他地区一样,近几年来,石门县茶叶产业虽飞速发展,种植面积快速增加,产量增长幅度较大,但在品种结构上也是重点发展的是名优绿茶,重点利用的是春茶,忽视了夏秋茶资源的充分利用。一个重要的原因就是:由于受夏秋季气温高、光照强、病虫害严重等因素的影响,夏季与秋季茶鲜叶虽然茶多酚、儿茶素等含量较高,但苦涩味较重,难以加工成优质绿茶,大部分鲜叶资源被浪费。因此,提高夏秋茶资源的利用率,增加企业产品种类和生产效益,增加茶农夏秋茶收入,是目前茶业行业亟待解决的问题之一。
夏秋茶在用于制作成红茶中,因夏秋茶茶多酚含量较高,在加工过程中不能充分氧化,易造成红茶带有苦涩味,导致饮用红茶的人群受限。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种夏秋茶鲜叶加工高茶黄素红茶的方法及设备,以提高夏秋茶的利用率。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:夏秋茶鲜叶加工高茶黄素红茶的方法,通过萎调、揉捻、发酵、干燥、保藏的工序来实现,其特征在于,
其中萎调为自然萎调,即采摘两叶一心或三叶一心的夏茶或秋茶鲜叶放置于晴天的室外,要求通风良好、避免太阳光直射,摊放厚度为1-1.5cm,摊晒至叶片卷曲,期间翻动1-2次;
揉捻、炒茶,即采用轻重轻的揉捻原则,将将经过萎调的茶叶揉捻至茎叶慢慢溢出水,用手摸可感到柔软、粘黏,一般揉捻20-30min,然后送入特制的炒锅内在50-60℃下炒制15-25min,在炒茶的过程中往炒锅内用雾化喷头喷施氨基酸与还原糖的混合水溶液,其中混合水溶液中氨基酸、还原糖、水的重量比为2-3:3-5:10,混合水溶液的用量为茶叶总重的1-3%;
发酵:将经过揉捻、炒茶工序的茶叶充分散开,摊放在发酵框中,摊放厚度为6-10cm,发酵温度为26-31℃,空气相对湿度为85-95%,发酵时间为3-6h,当发酵叶叶脉及汁液泛红,75%以上的叶色变成红黄色,发出香味即可;
干燥:将上述发酵的茶叶采用隧道烘干机烘干,摊叶量为3.0-3.75kg/m²,烘干温度为90-110℃烘至茶叶含水率达6%以下,干燥后摊凉;
保藏:将茶叶用保鲜膜包裹,放置在陶土储存罐内且往陶土储存罐内喷有生物保鲜剂,保鲜剂是由茶多酚、壳聚糖、葡糖氧化酶按重量比为5:3:1-2混合而成以雾化的方式被使用。
优选地,上述特制的炒锅包括夹层锅体、灶体,夹层锅体搁置在灶体上,其中锅体的内层壁上开设若干针眼大小的孔,锅体的夹层壁上焊接有一补充管,根据需要,通过补充管向锅体的夹层壁内充入儿茶素精油;在夹层锅体上方固定有雾化喷头,雾化喷头上连接有输送氨基酸与还原糖的混合水溶液的管道。
与现有技术相比,本发明具备的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的红茶为高茶黄素红茶,经过自然萎调、揉捻、炒茶等工序,使茶叶携带香气品质成分如芳樟醇氧化物、β-芳樟醇、脱氢芳樟醇及橙花叔醇相对总含量≥18%,茶黄素含量≥2%,与目前我国最好红茶茶黄素含量不超过0.7%以及肯尼亚、斯里兰卡、印度等国红茶茶黄素含量约为1.5%相比,产品品质优;
(2)本发明一方面在传统红茶加工工艺中的炒茶环节采用夹层锅炒制,既能相关内源酶的酶活性,释放茶鲜叶品质成分,又能防止茶叶因受热过急而败味;另一方面,在炒茶中根据需要添加儿茶素提取物,并通过深入研究儿茶素提取物的儿茶素组成、含量及添加量与红茶发酵中茶黄素形成的量效关系,优化发酵工艺参数,最大限度提高茶黄素含量;
(3)生物保鲜剂进行保藏,既能防止茶叶霉变,又能促使红茶进一步发酵,使红茶随储存时间的不同而呈现出不同的口感。
附图说明
图1为本发明涉及到的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
现在结合具体实施例,来对本发明作进一步的阐述。
实施例一
夏秋茶鲜叶加工高茶黄素红茶的方法,通过萎调、揉捻、发酵、干燥、保藏的工序来实现,具体地,
其中萎调为自然萎调,即采摘两叶一心或三叶一心的夏茶或秋茶鲜叶放置于晴天的室外,要求通风良好、避免太阳光直射,摊放厚度为1-1.5cm,摊晒至叶片卷曲,期间翻动1次;
揉捻、炒茶,即采用轻重轻的揉捻原则,将将经过萎调的茶叶揉捻至茎叶慢慢溢出水,用手摸可感到柔软、粘黏,一般揉捻20min,然后送入炒锅内在60℃下炒制15min,在炒茶的过程中往炒锅内用雾化喷头喷施氨基酸与还原糖的混合水溶液,其中混合水溶液中氨基酸、还原糖、水的重量比为3: 5:10,混合水溶液的用量为茶叶总重的3%;
发酵:将经过揉捻、炒茶工序的茶叶充分散开,摊放在发酵框中,摊放厚度为6cm,发酵温度为26℃,空气相对湿度为85%,发酵时间为3h,当发酵叶叶脉及汁液泛红,75%以上的叶色变成红黄色,发出香味即可;
干燥:将上述发酵的茶叶采用隧道烘干机烘干,摊叶量为3.0kg/m²,烘干温度为 100℃烘至茶叶含水率达6%以下,干燥后摊凉;
保藏:将茶叶用保鲜膜包裹,放置在陶土储存罐内且往陶土储存罐内喷有生物保鲜剂,保鲜剂是由茶多酚、壳聚糖、葡糖氧化酶按重量比为5:3:1混合而成以雾化的方式被使用。
如图1所示,上述特制的炒锅包括夹层锅体1、灶体2,夹层锅体1搁置在灶体2上,其中锅体1的内层壁上开设若干针眼大小的孔,锅体1的夹层壁上焊接有一补充管3,根据需要,通过补充管3向锅体1的夹层壁内充入儿茶素精油;在夹层锅体1上方固定有雾化喷头4,雾化喷头4上连接有输送氨基酸与还原糖的混合水溶液的管道。
实施例二
夏秋茶鲜叶加工高茶黄素红茶的方法,通过萎调、揉捻、发酵、干燥、保藏的工序来实现,具体地,
其中萎调为自然萎调,即采摘两叶一心或三叶一心的夏茶或秋茶鲜叶放置于晴天的室外,要求通风良好、避免太阳光直射,摊放厚度为1-1.5cm,摊晒至叶片卷曲,期间翻动2次;
揉捻、炒茶,即采用轻重轻的揉捻原则,将将经过萎调的茶叶揉捻至茎叶慢慢溢出水,用手摸可感到柔软、粘黏,一般揉捻30min,然后送入炒锅内在50℃下炒15-25min,在炒茶的过程中往炒锅内用雾化喷头喷施氨基酸与还原糖的混合水溶液,其中混合水溶液中氨基酸、还原糖、水的重量比为2:3:10,混合水溶液的用量为茶叶总重的2%;
发酵:将经过揉捻、炒茶工序的茶叶充分散开,摊放在发酵框中,摊放厚度为10cm,发酵温度为31℃,空气相对湿度为95%,发酵时间为6h,当发酵叶叶脉及汁液泛红,75%以上的叶色变成红黄色,发出香味即可;
干燥:将上述发酵的茶叶采用隧道烘干机烘干,摊叶量为3.0kg/m²,烘干温度为110℃烘至茶叶含水率达6%以下,干燥后摊凉;
保藏:将茶叶用保鲜膜包裹,放置在陶土储存罐内且往陶土储存罐内喷有生物保鲜剂,保鲜剂是由茶多酚、壳聚糖、葡糖氧化酶按重量比为5:3: 2混合而成以雾化的方式被使用。
上述特制的炒锅包括夹层锅体1、灶体2,夹层锅体1搁置在灶体2上,其中锅体1的内层壁上开设若干针眼大小的孔,锅体1的夹层壁上焊接有一补充管3,根据需要,通过补充管3向锅体1的夹层壁内充入儿茶素精油;在夹层锅体1上方固定有雾化喷头4,雾化喷头4上连接有输送氨基酸与还原糖的混合水溶液的管道。
Claims (2)
1.一种夏秋茶鲜叶加工高茶黄素红茶的方法,通过萎调、揉捻、发酵、干燥、保藏的工序来实现,其特征在于,
其中萎调为自然萎调,即采摘两叶一心或三叶一心的夏茶或秋茶鲜叶放置于晴天的室外,要求通风良好、避免太阳光直射,摊放厚度为1-1.5cm,摊晒至叶片卷曲,期间翻动1-2次;
揉捻、炒茶,即采用轻重轻的揉捻原则,将将经过萎调的茶叶揉捻至茎叶慢慢溢出水,用手摸可感到柔软、粘黏,一般揉捻20-30min,然后送入特制的炒锅内在50-60℃下炒制15-25min,在炒茶的过程中往炒锅内用雾化喷头喷施氨基酸与还原糖的混合水溶液,其中混合水溶液中氨基酸、还原糖、水的重量比为2-3:3-5:10,混合水溶液的用量为茶叶总重的1-3%;
发酵:将经过揉捻、炒茶工序的茶叶充分散开,摊放在发酵框中,摊放厚度为6-10cm,发酵温度为26-31℃,空气相对湿度为85-95%,发酵时间为3-6h,当发酵叶叶脉及汁液泛红,75%以上的叶色变成红黄色,发出香味即可;
干燥:将上述发酵的茶叶采用隧道烘干机烘干,摊叶量为3.0-3.75kg/m²,烘干温度为90-110℃烘至茶叶含水率达6%以下,干燥后摊凉;
保藏:将茶叶用保鲜膜包裹,放置在陶土储存罐内且往陶土储存罐内喷有生物保鲜剂,保鲜剂是由茶多酚、壳聚糖、葡糖氧化酶按重量比为5:3:1-2混合而成以雾化的方式被使用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夏秋茶鲜叶加工高茶黄素红茶的方法,其特征在于,上述特制的炒锅包括夹层锅体、灶体,夹层锅体搁置在灶体上,其中锅体的内层壁上开设若干针眼大小的孔,锅体的夹层壁上焊接有一补充管,根据需要,通过补充管向锅体的夹层壁内充入儿茶素精油;在夹层锅体上方固定有雾化喷头,雾化喷头上连接有输送氨基酸与还原糖的混合水溶液的管道。
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