CN109197447A - Rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method - Google Patents
Rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197447A CN109197447A CN201811220937.4A CN201811220937A CN109197447A CN 109197447 A CN109197447 A CN 109197447A CN 201811220937 A CN201811220937 A CN 201811220937A CN 109197447 A CN109197447 A CN 109197447A
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- rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Rice Cropping technical fields, specifically a kind of rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method, comprising the following steps: (1) straw pulp is made in straw, then straw pulp is laid with and is dried into the careless blanket with shrinkage pool, careless blanket with a thickness of 0.3-1 centimetres, shrinkage pool is as kind of a cave；(2) it is laid with broken soil in shrinkage pool, is then placed in rice paddy seed and in one layer of soil of rice paddy seed upper cover；(3) tunic is covered on the careless blanket for being put into rice paddy seed, by seed limit in shrinkage pool, forms seed blanket；(4) by rice field, routinely tillage method is farmed；(5) it applies fertilizer in farmed paddy field, then seed blanket is layered in paddy field；To the soil in paddy field is wet be not cracked also before, supplement water, allow rice paddy seed nature germinating growth；(6) insect prevention is carried out according to conventional farming method in rice seedlings growth course and poured water, until harvest.The method of the present invention is avoided that rotten kind, rotten bud, and weeds are not easy to grow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Rice Cropping technical field, specifically a kind of rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method.
Background technique
Rice is one kind of draft Oryza, belongs to main most long one kind in cereal and Oryza as grain.It passes
The plantation of system rice is typically all in such a way that first seedling is transplanted again, and this mode needs to expend a large amount of manpower.Therefore, people
Use direct sowing of rice cultivation technique.Direct sowing of rice is exactly without seedling, transplants and seed is directly sowed at crop field
A kind of planting type.Direct sowing of rice has the advantage that first is that saving of labor, laborsaving.Live streaming eliminates traditional seedling, transplanting recruitment, and
Rice seedling bed is saved, keeps Rice Production simply light；Second is that yield is high；Since Direct-seeding Rice is more advantageous to low section tiller, ear stem optimization
Reasonable disposition, main tiller fringe substantially neat and consistent, the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, and total spike number is more, and large area produces the upper more traditional shifting of direct seading rice
Transplant rice seedlings general volume increase 5%；Third is that reduction in the life period.Direct seading rice is without process, thus the growing process of turning green after pull up seedlings plant injury and cultivation
Accelerate, rice of the breeding time generally than same period transplanting shortens 5-7 days；Fourth is that being conducive to the production of development scale metaplasia.Large area rice
Live streaming can save a large amount of labours, alleviate the contradiction of labour's season sexual tension, lightness, the specialization, rule to Rice Production is realized
Modelling has great significance, and has wide promotion prospect.Open source literature also reports some direct sowing of rice cultivation techniques, example
Such as:
1, Chinese patent: a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation technique, application number: 201410192739.7, the applying date:
2014.05.09 applicant；It bores in hundred million peasants who dig gold's industry Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. address of Hubei, 441108 area Xiang Zhou of Xiangfan City of Hubei Province
Stone main road 66, inventor: Luo Dao, Jin Luochao, abstract: the invention proposes a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation technique, process is whole
Ground seed selection, seed treatment, sowing, weeding, is reseeded, mends seedling and pour water, apply fertilizer, insect prevention, in the course of cultivation by excellent
Superior suitable kind is selected, rationally the farmland management scheme and weeding technique of science, rice nonirrigated farmland live streaming skill can be directly realized by
Art, and yield, in terms of have apparent advantage, a large amount of people need to be consumed by solving prior art rice transplanting technology
The problem of power and some fields are not suitable for water direct seeding.
2, Chinese patent: method for directly seeding rice, application number: 200810046018.X, the applying date: 2008.9.7, Shen
It asks someone: Zhang Yu, address: 629006 Anju District Office of Science and Technology of Suining City of Sichuan Province, co-applicant: Chai Shouli, inventor:
Plumage, Chai Shouli, abstract: the invention discloses a kind of method for directly seeding rice, it the following steps are included: site preparation, prepare slag fertilizer,
Presoaking and germinating digs nest sowing, weeding, crop field fertilising, even seedling and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in dry field.In directly seeding rice of the present invention
In method, due to digging nest sowing directly in field, only seldom water is needed to ensure that early area's rice before Rice Heading
Normal growth, resisting drought saving water effect is good, reduces transplanting link, does not cause damage to enhance rice to rice root and divides
Tiller ability, yield are high, and process is simple, save labour, production cost is low, it is high-efficient, convenient for operation, can be widely used for mountain
The field dead angle rice cultivation of area, knob, easy arid area and water shortage.
3, Chinese patent: a kind of rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method, application number: 201210315750.9, the applying date:
2012.08.31, applicant: Huangping County agricultural and development for poverty relief office, address: 556100 Guizhou Province's Qiandongnanmiaozudongzus are autonomous
The state Huangping County town Xin Zhou scud community prosperity road, inventor: Su Changlong, abstract: the invention discloses a kind of rice blanket ecologies
Direct-sowing cultivating method, this method comprises: (1) variety selection: (2) crop field site preparation；(3) seed treatment；(4) it sows；(5) seeding stage
Management；(6) it harvests in due course.Rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method provided by the invention has the advantage that 1. process is easy,
Recruitment saves, and effect is high, can 45~70/hm of less manpower2, about 450 yuan/hm of save the cost2, raise labour productivity 30% or so；
2. reducing seedling, transplanting link, it is convenient for Mechanization sowing；3. not having to rice seedling bed, grain, industrial crops growing surface can be expanded
Product, raises the multiple-cropping index；4. process of turning green after hurting root and transplanting of not pulling up seedlings, the generally early tiller of energy, growth and development are very fast；5. straight
The growth characteristic for broadcasting rice is that well developed root system, robust plant, premunition are strong, and number of productive ear is more.Rural area suitable for Rice Cropping.
4, Chinese patent: a kind of direct sowing of rice cultivation technique, application number: 201410192757.5, the applying date:
2014.05.09, applicant: hundred million peasants who dig gold's industry Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. of Hubei, address: 441108 areas Xiang Zhou of Xiangfan City of Hubei Province
Diamond main road 66, inventor: Luo Dao, Jin Luochao, abstract: the invention discloses a kind of direct sowing of rice cultivation techniques, including choosing
Kind, site preparation, seed treatment, sowing and field management are realized direct at seeding time by the planning and management of each stage science
It is broadcasted sowing in field, entire cultivation technique process passes through preferred superior suitable kind, rationally the farmland management scheme of science, can
To be directly realized by direct sowing of rice technology, and yield, weeding, in terms of have apparent advantage, this completely new water
Rice growing technology solves the problems, such as that prior art rice transplanting need to consume a large amount of manpowers.
Compared with transplanting rice, the key of Direct-seeding Rice, which first consists in, saves seedling from damage, reaches that seedlings are uniform and strong, followed by anti-removal of impurities
The seedling of grass, transplanting rice is relatively high, and there are water layer covering, unfavorable weeds propagation and widespread in field again, and direct sowing rice field, rice are given birth to together with weeds
Long, weeds, which are first unearthed, occupies advantage, takes advantage of the chance breeding growth that rice seedling takes root vertical seedling stage draining dry field, rice of causing harm
Seedling；Third is to prevent from lodging, and live streaming rice is broadcast in upper soll layer, and the exposed field face of tillering node, root system buries shallowly, in addition seedling number
More, tillering capacity is high, and basal internode is elongated, is easy to happen lodging.Therefore these problems are resolved for direct sowing of rice especially
It is important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind to be avoided that rotten kind, rotten bud, and weeds are not easy the rice blanket ecological direct sowing grown
Cultural method.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
Rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method, comprising the following steps:
(1) straw pulp is made in straw, then straw pulp is laid with to and is dried into the careless blanket with shrinkage pool, it is preferred: the thickness of careless blanket
It is 0.3-1 centimetres, shrinkage pool is set as kind of a cave, the distance of shrinkage pool by the field planting distance of rice；It is preferred: shrinkage pool depth 0.8-
1.5 centimetres, aperture is 1-2 centimetres；Can be bundled by the winding of careless blanket, facilitate realization automation paving mud and puts seed；
(2) it is laid with broken soil in shrinkage pool, is then placed in rice paddy seed and in a thin layer of soil of rice paddy seed upper cover, preferably
: every shrinkage pool 2-5 seeds；It can use automatic sowing wrap-up in order to improve efficiency and be laid with broken soil in shrinkage pool, so
After be put into rice paddy seed and in a thin layer of soil of rice paddy seed upper cover；
(3) tunic is covered on the careless blanket for being put into rice paddy seed, by seed limit in shrinkage pool, forms seed blanket；It can will plant
Sub- blanket winding is bundled, and seed blanket is layered in paddy field by automatic paving blanket fertilizer applicator convenient to use；
(4) by rice field, routinely tillage method is farmed, preferred: the depth of water is no more than 3 centimetres after farmed；
(5) it applies fertilizer in farmed paddy field, then seed blanket is layered in paddy field；It is wet also not to the soil in paddy field
Before cracking, water is supplemented, water do not had seed blanket, allowed rice paddy seed nature germinating growth；
(6) insect prevention is carried out according to conventional farming method in rice seedlings growth course and poured water, until harvest.
It is preferred: it applies fertilizer in farmed paddy field, the mixed fertilizer being mixed into using farmyard manure or urea and phosphate fertilizer, urine
The weight ratio of element and phosphate fertilizer is (5-8): 1；Farmyard manure applies 200-400 kilograms per acre, and mixed fertilizer applies 15-25 kilograms per acre.
It is preferred: broken soil be using following parts by weight fermenting raw materials after crush and obtain: 40-50 parts of Chinese mesona herb slag,
10-15 parts of yellow soil, 5-8 parts of bagasse particle, 3-5 parts of leavening, 1-3 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-1 parts of phosphate fertilizer.Make
With the special soil, root growth can be promoted, well developed root system, test obtains by contrast, longer by 1 than using the root system of other soil
Centimetre or more.
Preferred: leavening is made of the strain of following parts by weight: 5-8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3-5 parts of candida utili,
3-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3-5 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-4 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 2-3 parts of streptococcus thermophilus and 1-2 parts of EM bacterium.
It is preferred: the preparation process of broken soil the following steps are included:
(1) take by weight 40-50 parts of Chinese mesona herb slag, 10-15 parts of yellow soil, 5-8 parts of bagasse particle, 3-5 parts of leavening,
1-3 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potash fertilizer and 0.5-1 parts of phosphate fertilizer；
(2) after mixing by yellow soil, bagasse particle, leavening, molasses, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, suitable water is added, until object
Material water content is 45-60%, stacks 3-5 days, obtains premix；
(3) after mixing by premix and Chinese mesona herb slag, be put into tunnel fermentation kiln and ferment, fermentation temperature control 25 DEG C-
30 DEG C, aerobic fermentation 30-40 days, obtain mixture；
(4) mixture be crushed into the sieve of 10 mesh or more after pasteurization 5-8 hours to obtain the final product；Sterilisation temp is 60 DEG C -70
℃。
The automatic sowing wrap-up, including rack and controller, are equipped with conveyer in rack, conveyer it is upper
Side is equipped with Seeding box, and the two sides of Seeding box are separately installed with No.1 and banket case and No. two casees that banket, and Seeding box, No.1 are banketed case
The metering valve of control discharge of materials is fitted with the discharge outlet of No. two casees that banket, the beginning of conveyer is equipped with for installing
The careless blanket frame of bundled grass blanket, the end of conveyer are equipped with the film frame for installing bundled cover film and are laid with the plastic film mulch of cover film
Roller；The end of conveyer is equipped with press mold roller and winds the winding roller of seed blanket in the rack far from plastic film mulch roller；Machine
Be also equipped with motor drive on frame, motor drive by transmission device respectively with plastic film mulch roller, press mold roller
It is connected with winding roller, driving plastic film mulch roller, press mold roller and winding roller rotation.The conveyer is belt-type conveying
Machine.Controller passes through conducting wire respectively and connect with metering valve, the driving device of conveyer and motor drive, controls its work
Make.The careless blanket that bundle is made is scraped on careless blanket frame, is conveyed by the effect of conveyer to conveyer end, is banketed the work of case by No.1
With first soil is filled into kind of cave, then rice paddy seed is broadcast on soil by Seeding box, then passing through No. two casees that banket will
A thin layer of soil covers on seed；Bundled cover film is hung on film frame, and cover film will be covered by the effect of plastic film mulch roller
Epiphragma is smooth to be covered on the careless blanket filled with soil and seed, presses cover film and careless blanket by the effect of press mold roller
It is integrated, by rice paddy seed limit in the kind cave of careless blanket, forms seed blanket, be finally wound into seed blanket by winding roller
Bundle.
The automatic paving blanket fertilizer applicator, including driver's cabin, vehicle frame and engine, driver's cabin and engine are mounted on vehicle frame
On；The front lower portion installation of vehicle frame there are two front-wheel, the rear lower installation of vehicle frame there are two rear-wheel, engine driving front-wheel and/or
Rear wheel, the rear of driver's cabin are equipped with fertilizing box, and the discharge port of fertilizing box is equipped with regulating valve；Fertilizing box rear is equipped with
For installing the seed blanket frame of bundled seed blanket, seed blanket frame lower part is equipped with by connecting rod puts membrane cylinder；The rear of rear-wheel
Furrow device has been installed.
Preferred: the film covered on careless blanket uses straw serous coat, and straw serous coat is that straw is made to slurry
After tile, manufactured film after drying, thickness is less than 2 millimeters.Using straw serous coat, it is pressed with careless blanket, kind acupuncture point is set
Cannot press, pressure kind of a cave surrounding is avoided that seed shifts, and more environmentally friendly, and manufactured seed blanket is laid in rice field, allow its from
It so rots to degrade, is not required to remove.Straw is straw, corn stover, bagasse etc..
It is preferred: jackfruit shell being added when straw pulp is made in straw and crushes slurrying, the weight of straw and jackfruit shell together
Than for 100:(20-30)；Jackfruit shell is that jackfruit is taken out to remaining waste after pulp.Addition jackfruit shell can enhance grass
The adhesive of slurry, meet water will not fast rotting, can adhere to seed rooting.
It is preferred: to be gone back when straw pulp is made in straw and starch is further added, the weight ratio of straw and starch is 100:(10-
15).Starch, which is added, can play the role of bonding, moreover it is possible to supply nutrients.
Preferred: rice paddy seed needs the processing that carries out disinfection before use, and disinfection is the first agriculture with content for 10,000,000 units
With 1 gram of streptomysin, it is watered 8-10 kilograms, impregnates 5-6 kilograms of seed, has filtered seed after impregnating 3-5 hours, rinses 2-3 with clear water
It is secondary；Again with more support spirit seed soaking disinfections: i.e. with more 1 kilograms of support spirit, after being watered 400-500 kilograms, 500-550 kilograms, 3 hours of bubble kind
It is rinsed 2-3 times with clear water, it is spare to dry surface moisture.
Chinese mesona herb (scientific name:Mesona chinensis Benth.) it is Lamiaceae plant, the lower portion of the stem is thrown oneself on the ground, and top is upright,
Leaf is oval or ovate oblong, and apex is slightly blunt, and base portion, which tapers, shortens handle into, and there is small sawtooth at edge, and two sides, which has to dredge, becomes mildewed;It is born in
The leaf on inflorescence top is smaller, is in bracteal, oval to up-side down triangle, relatively spends short, the normal band lavender of base portion, as a result when fall off.Always
Locusta is weak, spends small, and verticillate, calyx is small, mitriform, and 2 lip shapes, upper lip 3 is split, lower lip full edge, as a result when or tubular, under it is curved, have vertical
Arteries and veins and horizontal wrinkle；Corolla pale red, upper lip is wealthy, full edge or fissure, lower lip oblong, recess；Stamen 4, filigree are prominent；Gynoecium
1, style 2 is split；Floral disc expands on one side.Pyrene ellipse.Autumn Mo at florescence.It is distributed in TaiWan, China, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong,
West Guangxi.Chinese mesona herb is a kind of important medical and edible dual purpose plant resource.Chinese mesona herb herb contains polysaccharide, relieves summer heat, is heat-clearing, cool
Blood, function of detoxification.Civil its stem of commonly using adds water to cook, then plus dilute starch be made jelly (being commonly called as " bean jelly ") it is edible, be to relieve summer heat to quench one's thirst
Splendid food.The Chinese mesona herb slag that the present invention uses is bean jelly processing factory using Chinese mesona herb processing bean jelly, that is, mistake after adding water to cook
Filter obtained Chinese mesona herb slag.
Bagasse particle bagasse powder is broken into less than 2 centimetres particles below of length；Bagasse is the by-product of cane sugar factory
Object is all to cause a large amount of wastes of resource as fuel or paper making raw material all the time.Bagasse is added in cultivation base, is belonged to
In the project that turns waste into wealth that leftover bits and pieces recycles, waste residue is not discharged externally, it is environmentally protective；Contain a large amount of fiber in bagasse
Element, the bagasse after everfermentation, crude fibre can degrade, and crude protein can be improved, and nutritive value is improved, and be formed
Nutrient needed for rice seedling growth.
The lactic acid bacteria (Lacticacidbacteria, LAB) be-class can be generated using fermentable carbohydrate it is big
Measure the common name of the bacterium of lactic acid.This kind of bacterium is extremely wide in distributed in nature, has species diversity abundant.They are not only
It is research classification, biochemistry, hereditary, molecular biology and genetic engineering ideal material, theoretically there is important academic valence
Value, and it is also high in the key areas application value closely related with human lives such as industry, farming and animal husbandry, food and medicine.
The candida utili is called Torula utilis Henneb or edible torula, Latin are entitledCandidautilis, produce
The cell of protein Candida is rounded, oval or sausage shape, and size is (3.5~4.5) um × (7~13) um；Liquid Culture
Mould is not produced, tube bottom has bacterial sediment.Candida utili can produce the edible egg of people and animals using molasses, wood hydrolysis liquid etc.
White matter is adjustable animal intestinal micro-ecology balance, improves feed digestibility, enhances animal body immunity.Candida utili
It can use cellulose raw material production nutrition and increase rich fermented feed, and just contain a large amount of cellulose in straw.Further, since
Candida utili cell is rich in vitamin B and protein, moreover it is possible to part nutriment needed for providing animal.As feed enzyme
Can produce a variety of enzymes after the cracking of additive yeast cell wall, yeast cells living can also a variety of enzymes of exocytosis, as amylase,
Protease, cellulase etc..
Bacillus subtilis, Classification system:Bacillussubtilis, it is one kind of bacillus.Bacillus subtilis
0.7~0.8 × 2~3 microns of bacterium individual cells, uniform coloring.Without pod membrane, peritrichous can be moved.Gram-positive bacteria, bud
0.6~0.9 × 1.0~1.5 microns of spore, ellipse arrives column, and central or slightly inclined positioned at thallus, thallus does not expand after sporulation.
Bacterium colony rough surface is opaque, dirty white or yellowish, and when growing in liquid medium, wrinkle mould is commonly formed.Bacillus subtilis
Bacterium has stronger protease, amylase and lipase active, can be active enzyme by internal activation of zymogen, can also secrete-
Other serial enzymes, such as pectase, dextranase, cellulase.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Classification system:LatinNameAzotobactersp, thallus is rod-shaped, oval or spherical shape, sprouts without in
Spore, Gram-negative.Stringent aerobic, organic nutrition type, the nitrogen being capable of fixing in air.Including azotobacter, nitrogen list
Spore Pseudomonas, Bai Yelin Kocuria and Derxia.Nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer is mostly made of the member of azotobacter.
Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum) mycelia it is very thin colourless, tool separate, multi-branched.Conidium
Stalk is born from the side shoot of mycelia, to raw or alternate, generally there is 2-3 branch, sporogenic stigma doleiform or taper estranged.
Conidium is mostly spherical shape, and sporoderm has pustule, blue-green.It is white cotton fiber shape at the beginning of bacterium colony in PDA culture medium, is afterwards dirty-green.
Streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus thermophilus) derive from dairy products.Streptococcus thermophilus: facultative to detest
Oxygen or micro- aerobic gram-positive bacteria are the long-chain that a pair of coccus is linked to be about 0.7 to 0.9 nanometer with two oval types.?
Selective medium, streptococcus thermophilus may have grown into cream-coloured bacterium colony.Streptococcus thermophilus is homo-fermentative bacterium, fermentation process
In, it generates Pfansteihl and folic acid.In laboratory conditions, streptococcus thermophilus can be cultivated under 45 DEG C, anaerobic condition, in M17
Base (the commercially available culture medium of special culture streptococcus thermophilus) growth.
EM bacterium (Effective Microorganisms) it is by about 80 kinds of microorganism groups at EM bacterium is by Japanese Ryukyu
The ratio of university is good to be studied successfully professor's nineteen eighty-two according to husband, is put goods on the market the eighties.EM bacterium is with photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, ferment
10 based on female bacterium and actinomyces belong to a kind of micro- life bacteria preparation that more than 80 microorganisms are combined.The mechanism of action is to be formed
The competition of EM bacterium and pathogenic microorganism contention nutrition, since EM bacterium easily lives and reproduces in the soil, so can comparatively fast stablize
Ground occupies the ecologic niche in soil, forms the advantage group of beneficial microbial bacteria, to control the breeding of pathogenic microorganism
With the invasion to crop.It is the developing direction of the ecological agriculture, is more advantageous to the sustainable development of agricultural.The nineties at the end of the eighties
Just, EM bacterium is widely used in agricultural, cultivation, kind by states such as Japan, Thailand, Brazil, the U.S., Indonesia, Sri Lanka
The fields such as plant, environmental protection achieve apparent economic benefit and ecological benefits.The present invention is determined fermentation process mesostroma using EM fungi degradation
The problem of easily being polluted by harmful bacteria guarantees the growth of rice seedling.
Rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method of the invention is straw pulp is made first with straw to be laid with and be dried into have
The careless blanket in kind cave is laid with broken soil in kind of cave and is put into rice paddy seed, a tunic is then covered on careless blanket, and seed limit is existed
In kind of cave, seed blanket is formed, and seed blanket is wound bundled, seed blanket is layered on paddy field by automatic paving blanket fertilizer applicator convenient to use
It is interior, realize that scale mechanical metaplasia produces；Due to there is the carrying of seed blanket, seed is not easy to shift, will not be caused because of bubble rotten kind,
Rotten bud, growing way is uniform, and seed blanket is covered in rice field, and since careless blanket is added with jackfruit shell and tapioca, seed blanket exists
It can not exclusively be rotted with 20 days or more in rice field, the weeds in rice field are not easy to grow, and can reduce or mitigate the link of weeding；It is spreading
Then single-dose application before seed blanket covers seed blanket, is able to maintain the fertilizer efficiency in rice field, paddy growth process is not required to again under normal circumstances
It applies fertilizer, if rice field soil is barren, fertilizer can be properly added according to paddy growth situation.Broken soil is special broken mud
Soil can promote the root growth of rice shoot, and well developed root system, rice shoot growing way is good, and tiller is fast, robust plant, and disease resistance is strong.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of automatic sowing wrap-up；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of automatic paving blanket fertilizer applicator；
Serial number name in figure are as follows:
1, rack, 2, careless blanket frame, 3, conveyer, 4, No.1 banket case, 5, metering valve, 6, Seeding box, 7, No. two casees that banket, 8, control
Device processed, 9, film frame, 10, plastic film mulch roller, 11, press mold roller, 12, transmission device, 13, winding roller, 14, motor drive dress
It sets, 15, put membrane cylinder, 16, connecting rod, 17, seed blanket frame, 18, fertilizing box, 19, driver's cabin, 20, front-wheel, 21, vehicle frame, 22,
Engine, 23, rear-wheel, 24, furrow device, 25, regulating valve.
Specific embodiment
For the more detailed introduction present invention, below with reference to embodiment, this method is described further.
Embodiment 1
Direct sowing of rice cultivation can be completed using following steps:
(1) straw pulp is made in straw, then straw pulp is laid with to and is dried into the careless blanket with shrinkage pool, careless blanket with a thickness of 0.3-1
Centimetre, shrinkage pool is set as kind of a cave, the distance of shrinkage pool by the field planting distance of rice；0.8-1.5 centimetres of shrinkage pool depth, aperture 1-
2 centimetres
(2) it is laid with broken soil in shrinkage pool, is then placed in rice paddy seed and in a thin layer of soil of rice paddy seed upper cover, every shrinkage pool
2-5 seeds；
(3) tunic is covered on the careless blanket for being put into rice paddy seed, by seed limit in shrinkage pool, forms seed blanket；
(4) by rice field, routinely tillage method is farmed, and the farmed rear depth of water is no more than 3 centimetres；
(5) it applies fertilizer in farmed paddy field, then seed blanket is layered in paddy field；It is wet also not to the soil in paddy field
Before cracking, water is supplemented, water do not had seed blanket, allowed rice paddy seed nature germinating growth；
(6) insect prevention is carried out according to conventional farming method in rice seedlings growth course and poured water, until harvest.
Embodiment 2
Direct sowing of rice cultivation can be completed using following steps:
(1) straw pulp is made in straw, then straw pulp is laid with to and is dried into the careless blanket with shrinkage pool, careless blanket with a thickness of 0.3-1
Centimetre, shrinkage pool is set as kind of a cave, the distance of shrinkage pool by the field planting distance of rice；0.8-1.5 centimetres of shrinkage pool depth, aperture 1-
2 centimetres；
(2) it is laid with broken soil in shrinkage pool, is then placed in rice paddy seed and in a thin layer of soil of rice paddy seed upper cover, every shrinkage pool
2-5 seeds；
(3) tunic is covered on the careless blanket for being put into rice paddy seed, by seed limit in shrinkage pool, forms seed blanket；
(4) by rice field, routinely tillage method is farmed, and the farmed rear depth of water is no more than 3 centimetres；
(5) it applies fertilizer in farmed paddy field, the mixed fertilizer being mixed into using farmyard manure or urea and phosphate fertilizer, urea and phosphate fertilizer
Weight ratio be (5-8): 1；Farmyard manure applies 200-400 kilograms per acre, and mixed fertilizer applies 15-25 kilograms per acre；Then by seed blanket
It is layered in paddy field；To the soil in paddy field is wet be not cracked also before, supplement water, water did not had seed blanket, allowed rice seed
Sub- nature germinating growth；
(6) insect prevention is carried out according to conventional farming method in rice seedlings growth course and poured water, until harvest.
Broken soil be using following parts by weight fermenting raw materials after crush and obtain: 40-50 parts of Chinese mesona herb slag, yellow soil
10-15 parts, 5-8 parts of bagasse particle, 3-5 parts of leavening, 1-3 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-1 parts of phosphate fertilizer.Use the spy
The soil of system, can promote root growth, well developed root system, and test obtains by contrast, than use the root system of other soil it is long 1 centimetre with
On.Leavening is made of the strain of following parts by weight: 5-8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3-5 parts of candida utili, bacillus subtilis
3-5 parts, 3-5 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-4 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 2-3 parts of streptococcus thermophilus and 1-2 parts of EM bacterium.The preparation of broken soil
Journey is the following steps are included: (1) takes 40-50 parts of Chinese mesona herb slag, 10-15 parts of yellow soil, 5-8 parts of bagasse particle, hair by weight
3-5 parts of ferment agent, 1-3 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potash fertilizer and 0.5-1 parts of phosphate fertilizer；(2) by yellow soil, bagasse particle, leavening, sugar
After mixing, suitable water is added in honey, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, until material moisture is 45-60%, stacks 3-5 days, is premixed
Material；(3) after mixing by premix and Chinese mesona herb slag, it is put into tunnel fermentation kiln and ferments, fermentation temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C -30
DEG C, aerobic fermentation 30-40 days, obtain mixture；(4) mixture be crushed into 10 mesh or more after pasteurization 5-8 hours
Sieve to obtain the final product；Sterilisation temp is 60 DEG C -70 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
Direct sowing of rice cultivation can be completed using following steps:
(1) straw pulp is made in straw, then straw pulp is laid with to and is dried into the careless blanket with shrinkage pool, careless blanket with a thickness of 0.3-1
Centimetre, shrinkage pool is set as kind of a cave, the distance of shrinkage pool by the field planting distance of rice；0.8-1.5 centimetres of shrinkage pool depth, aperture 1-
2 centimetres；Jackfruit shell is added when straw pulp is made in straw and crushes slurrying together, the weight ratio of straw and jackfruit shell is 100:
(20-30)；Jackfruit shell is that jackfruit is taken out to remaining waste after pulp.Addition jackfruit shell can enhance the adhesion of straw pulp
Property, meet water will not fast rotting, can adhere to seed rooting；
(2) it is laid with broken soil in shrinkage pool, is then placed in rice paddy seed and in a thin layer of soil of rice paddy seed upper cover, every shrinkage pool
2-5 seeds；
(3) tunic is covered on the careless blanket for being put into rice paddy seed, by seed limit in shrinkage pool, forms seed blanket；
(4) by rice field, routinely tillage method is farmed, and the farmed rear depth of water is no more than 3 centimetres；
(5) it applies fertilizer in farmed paddy field, the mixed fertilizer being mixed into using farmyard manure or urea and phosphate fertilizer, urea and phosphate fertilizer
Weight ratio be (5-8): 1；Farmyard manure applies 200-400 kilograms per acre, and mixed fertilizer applies 15-25 kilograms per acre；Then by seed blanket
It is layered in paddy field；To the soil in paddy field is wet be not cracked also before, supplement water, water did not had seed blanket, allowed rice seed
Sub- nature germinating growth；
(6) insect prevention is carried out according to conventional farming method in rice seedlings growth course and poured water, until harvest.
Broken soil be using following parts by weight fermenting raw materials after crush and obtain: 40-50 parts of Chinese mesona herb slag, yellow soil
10-15 parts, 5-8 parts of bagasse particle, 3-5 parts of leavening, 1-3 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-1 parts of phosphate fertilizer.Use the spy
The soil of system, can promote root growth, well developed root system, and test obtains by contrast, than use the root system of other soil it is long 1 centimetre with
On.Leavening is made of the strain of following parts by weight: 5-8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3-5 parts of candida utili, bacillus subtilis
3-5 parts, 3-5 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-4 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 2-3 parts of streptococcus thermophilus and 1-2 parts of EM bacterium.The preparation of broken soil
Journey is the following steps are included: (1) takes 40-50 parts of Chinese mesona herb slag, 10-15 parts of yellow soil, 5-8 parts of bagasse particle, hair by weight
3-5 parts of ferment agent, 1-3 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potash fertilizer and 0.5-1 parts of phosphate fertilizer；(2) by yellow soil, bagasse particle, leavening, sugar
After mixing, suitable water is added in honey, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, until material moisture is 45-60%, stacks 3-5 days, is premixed
Material；(3) after mixing by premix and Chinese mesona herb slag, it is put into tunnel fermentation kiln and ferments, fermentation temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C -30
DEG C, aerobic fermentation 30-40 days, obtain mixture；(4) mixture be crushed into 10 mesh or more after pasteurization 5-8 hours
Sieve to obtain the final product；Sterilisation temp is 60 DEG C -70 DEG C.
The film covered on careless blanket uses straw serous coat, and straw serous coat is tiled after straw to be made to straw pulp, is made after drying
Film, thickness is less than 2 millimeters.Using straw serous coat, it is pressed with careless blanket, is avoided that seed shifts, and more environmentally friendly, is made
Seed blanket be laid in rice field, allow its naturally rot degradation, be not required to remove.
Embodiment 4
Direct sowing of rice cultivation can be completed using following steps:
(1) straw pulp is made in straw, then straw pulp is laid with to and is dried into the careless blanket with shrinkage pool, careless blanket is wound to bundled, side
Just realize automation paving mud and put seed, careless blanket with a thickness of 0.3-1 centimetres, shrinkage pool presses rice as kind of a cave, the distance of shrinkage pool
Field planting distance setting；0.8-1.5 centimetres of shrinkage pool depth, aperture are 1-2 centimetres；Jackfruit shell is added when straw pulp is made in straw
The weight ratio for crushing slurrying, straw and jackfruit shell and tapioca together with tapioca is 100:(20-30): (10-15)；
Jackfruit shell is that jackfruit is taken out to remaining waste after pulp.Addition jackfruit shell can enhance the adhesive of straw pulp, meet water
Will not fast rotting, can adhere to seed rooting；
(2) it is laid with broken soil in shrinkage pool using automatic sowing wrap-up, is then placed in rice paddy seed and on rice paddy seed
Cover a thin layer of soil, every shrinkage pool 2-5 seeds；Rice paddy seed needs the processing that carries out disinfection before use, and disinfection is first to use content
It is 1 gram of agricultural streptomycin of 10,000,000 units, is watered 8-10 kilograms, impregnate 5-6 kilograms of seed, kind has been filtered after impregnating 3-5 hours
Son is rinsed 2-3 times with clear water；Again with more support spirit seed soaking disinfections: i.e. with more 1 kilograms of support spirit, being watered 400-500 kilograms, bubble kind
It is rinsed 2-3 times after 500-550 kilograms, 3 hours with clear water, it is spare to dry surface moisture；
(3) tunic is covered on the careless blanket for being put into rice paddy seed, by seed limit in shrinkage pool, is formed seed blanket and is wound into
Seed blanket is layered in paddy field by bundle, automatic paving blanket fertilizer applicator convenient to use；
(4) by rice field, routinely tillage method is farmed, and the farmed rear depth of water is no more than 3 centimetres；
(5) the seed blanket for being rolled into bundle is placed on automatic paving blanket fertilizer applicator, the automatic blanket fertilizer applicator that spreads covers plant son on one side apply fertilizer while
Blanket；The weight ratio of the mixed fertilizer being mixed into using farmyard manure or urea and phosphate fertilizer, urea and phosphate fertilizer is (5-8): 1；Farmyard manure
200-400 kilograms is applied per acre, and mixed fertilizer applies 15-25 kilograms per acre；Then seed blanket is layered in paddy field；To in paddy field
Soil is wet be not cracked also before, supplement water, water did not had seed blanket, allowed rice paddy seed nature germinating growth；
(6) insect prevention is carried out according to conventional farming method in rice seedlings growth course and poured water, until harvest.
Broken soil be using following parts by weight fermenting raw materials after crush and obtain: 40-50 parts of Chinese mesona herb slag, yellow soil
10-15 parts, 5-8 parts of bagasse particle, 3-5 parts of leavening, 1-3 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-1 parts of phosphate fertilizer.Use the spy
The soil of system, can promote root growth, well developed root system, and test obtains by contrast, than use the root system of other soil it is long 1 centimetre with
On.Leavening is made of the strain of following parts by weight: 5-8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3-5 parts of candida utili, bacillus subtilis
3-5 parts, 3-5 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-4 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 2-3 parts of streptococcus thermophilus and 1-2 parts of EM bacterium.The preparation of broken soil
Journey is the following steps are included: (1) takes 40-50 parts of Chinese mesona herb slag, 10-15 parts of yellow soil, 5-8 parts of bagasse particle, hair by weight
3-5 parts of ferment agent, 1-3 parts of molasses, 1-2 parts of potash fertilizer and 0.5-1 parts of phosphate fertilizer；(2) by yellow soil, bagasse particle, leavening, sugar
After mixing, suitable water is added in honey, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, until material moisture is 45-60%, stacks 3-5 days, is premixed
Material；(3) after mixing by premix and Chinese mesona herb slag, it is put into tunnel fermentation kiln and ferments, fermentation temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C -30
DEG C, aerobic fermentation 30-40 days, obtain mixture；(4) mixture be crushed into 10 mesh or more after pasteurization 5-8 hours
Sieve to obtain the final product；Sterilisation temp is 60 DEG C -70 DEG C.
The film covered on careless blanket uses straw serous coat, and straw serous coat is tiled after straw to be made to straw pulp, is made after drying
Film, thickness is less than 2 millimeters.Using straw serous coat, it is pressed with careless blanket, is avoided that seed shifts, and more environmentally friendly, is made
Seed blanket be laid in rice field, allow its naturally rot degradation, be not required to remove.
The automatic sowing wrap-up, including rack 1 and controller 8 are equipped with conveyer 3, conveyer in rack 1
3 top is equipped with Seeding box 6, and the two sides of Seeding box 6 are separately installed with No.1 and banket case 4 and No. two casees 7 that banket, Seeding box 6,
The banket discharge outlet of case 4 and No. two casees 7 that banket of No.1 is fitted with the metering valve 5 of control discharge of materials, the beginning of conveyer 3
Careless blanket frame 2 for installing bundled careless blanket is installed, the end of conveyer 3 is equipped with the film frame 9 for installing bundled cover film
With the plastic film mulch roller 10 for being laid with cover film；The end of conveyer 3 is far from being equipped with press mold roller 11 in the rack 1 of plastic film mulch roller 10
With the winding roller 13 of winding seed blanket；Motor drive 14 is also equipped in rack 1, motor drive 14 passes through
Transmission device 12 is connect with plastic film mulch roller 10, press mold roller 11 and winding roller 13 respectively, drives plastic film mulch roller 10, press mold roller
11 rotate with winding roller 13.The conveyer 3 is belt type conveyer.Controller 8 respectively by conducting wire and metering valve 5,
The driving device and motor drive 14 of conveyer 3 connect.
The automatic paving blanket fertilizer applicator, including driver's cabin 19, vehicle frame 21 and engine 22, driver's cabin 19 and engine 22
It is mounted on vehicle frame 21；There are two front-wheel 20, the rear lowers of vehicle frame 21 to install there are two rear-wheel 23 for the front lower portion installation of vehicle frame 21,
Engine 22 drives front-wheel 20 and/or rear-wheel 23 to rotate, and the rear of driver's cabin 19 is equipped with fertilizing box 18, the discharging of fertilizing box 18
Mouth is equipped with regulating valve 25；18 rear of fertilizing box is equipped with the seed blanket frame 17 for installing bundled seed blanket, seed blanket frame 17
Lower part is equipped with by connecting rod 16 and puts membrane cylinder 15；The rear of rear-wheel 23 has been equipped with furrow device 24.
The above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to examples detailed above, the art it is general
Logical technical staff, within the essential scope of the present invention, the variations, modifications, additions or substitutions made all should belong to guarantor of the invention
Protect range.
Claims (6)
1. rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) straw pulp is made in straw, then straw pulp is laid with to and is dried into the careless blanket with shrinkage pool, shrinkage pool is as kind of a cave, shrinkage pool
Distance by rice field planting distance setting；
(2) it is laid with broken soil in shrinkage pool, is then placed in rice paddy seed and in one layer of soil of rice paddy seed upper cover；
(3) tunic is covered on the careless blanket for being put into rice paddy seed, by seed limit in shrinkage pool, forms seed blanket；
(4) by rice field, routinely tillage method is farmed；
(5) it applies fertilizer in farmed paddy field, then seed blanket is layered in paddy field；It is wet also not to the soil in paddy field
Before cracking, water is supplemented, allows rice paddy seed nature germinating growth；
(6) insect prevention is carried out according to conventional farming method in rice seedlings growth course and poured water, until harvest.
2. rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in farmed paddy field
The weight ratio of fertilising, the mixed fertilizer being mixed into using farmyard manure or urea and phosphate fertilizer, urea and phosphate fertilizer is (5-8): 1；Farmers'
Fertilizer applies 200-400 kilograms per acre, and mixed fertilizer applies 15-25 kilograms per acre.
3. rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the film covered on careless blanket is adopted
With stalk serous coat, stalk serous coat is tiled after stalk to be made to slurry, and manufactured film after drying, thickness is less than 2 millimeters.
4. rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method according to claim 1 or 6, it is characterised in that: the careless blanket
With a thickness of 0.3-1 centimetres.
5. rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the shrinkage pool depth
0.8-1.5 centimetres, aperture is 1-2 centimetres.
6. rice blanket ecological direct sowing cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: rice paddy seed is before use
Need to carry out disinfection processing, and disinfection is first to be watered 8-10 kilograms with 1 gram of agricultural streptomycin that content is 10,000,000 units, impregnated kind
Sub- 5-6 kilograms, seed has been filtered after impregnating 3-5 hours, has been rinsed 2-3 times with clear water；Again with more support spirit seed soaking disinfections: i.e. with more support spirits
It 1 kilogram, is rinsed 2-3 times after being watered 400-500 kilograms, 500-550 kilograms, 3 hours of bubble kind with clear water, it is standby to dry surface moisture
With.
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| CN110651677A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-07 | 湖南人文科技学院 | Effectively prevent grass, water-saving rice direct seeding experimental system |
| CN117243104A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2023-12-19 | 蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 | Method for rapidly greening by using ryegrass |
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Application publication date: 20190115 |