CN108934258A - A method of salt-soda soil is improved using southern No. 9 jerusalem artichokes of jerusalem artichoke - Google Patents
A method of salt-soda soil is improved using southern No. 9 jerusalem artichokes of jerusalem artichoke Download PDFInfo
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- CN108934258A CN108934258A CN201810698519.XA CN201810698519A CN108934258A CN 108934258 A CN108934258 A CN 108934258A CN 201810698519 A CN201810698519 A CN 201810698519A CN 108934258 A CN108934258 A CN 108934258A
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- jerusalem artichoke
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method using No. 9 jerusalem artichoke improvement salt-soda soils of southern jerusalem artichoke, this method includes arranging soil, irrigation and drainage, applying bacterial manure, deep ploughing ridging, jerusalem artichoke plantation, field management and harvest management process.This method, in combination with physically improved, water conservancy improvement and chemical modifying, carries out comprehensive treatment to salt-soda soil based on biological modification.By the combination of every technology, the defect and deficiency of single improving technology are avoided, has played the advantage of every technology, a variety of improvement steps are reasonably combined not to have only reached preferable alkaline land improving effect, and improves jerusalem artichoke emergence rate and yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to No. 9 jerusalem artichokes improvement salt-soda soils of the modification method in salt-soda soil more particularly to a kind of southern jerusalem artichoke of utilization
Method.
Background technique
Salt-soda soil refers to that upper soll layer gathers excessive soluble-salt, soil harmful to crop growth.It is various saline and alkaline
Ground is formed under certain natural conditions, and the essence formed is mainly various ease of solubility salts in ground work level side
It is redistributed to vertical direction, so that salinity be made to build up in the upper soll layer in collection salt area.Weather effect is ploughed
Make the factors such as technology is unreasonable, level of ground water is raised, can lead to the salinization of soil.There are about 0.27 hundred million hm of salt-soda soil in China2,
0.06 hundred million hm of middle arable land2, 0.21 hundred million hm of saline-alkali wasteland2, it is mainly distributed on northeast, North China, Northwest inland area and North of Yangtze River
Coastal area.Because basicity is generally higher, serious salt affected soil regional plant can hardly survive.Although alkaline land improving exists
Technical aspect has been achieved with many achievements, but the mankind go back in terms of control soil secondary salinization and the primary saline-alkali soil of modified utilization
Essential breakthrough is not obtained.
Currently, the improvement in salt-soda soil, other than traditional irrigation technique, there are also physical measure, chemical measure and biological control measures
Deng.But single ameliorative measure can not reach preferable effect, therefore how to improve alkaline land improving technology is current current row
The problem of industry technical staff pays close attention to.
Summary of the invention
For deficiency and disadvantage existing for current alkaline land improving measure, southern jerusalem artichoke No. 9 is utilized the invention proposes a kind of
The method in jerusalem artichoke improvement salt-soda soil.This method is easy to operate, and can reach preferable alkaline land improving effect.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be accomplished by the following way:
A method of salt-soda soil being improved using southern No. 9 jerusalem artichokes of jerusalem artichoke, method includes the following steps:
1) it arranges soil: uniformly sprinkling 400kg/ mus~450kg/ mus of sawdust on soil surface, plough deeply, plow harrow, put down
Then whole soil excavates gutter, furrow width 100cm~120cm, ditch depth 20cm~30cm every 5m~8m；
2) irrigation and drainage: being irrigated in a manner of spraying and stop sprinkling irrigation after 12h~15h, when waiting the anhydrous outflow in gutters, again into
Row sprinkling irrigation, so repeatedly 3~4 times；
3) apply bacterial manure: soil surface uniformly applies microbial-bacterial fertilizer and acid-sludge, and once plowing, depth 10cm after drying
~15cm；
4) deep ploughing ridging: deep ploughing again, then plays a ridges, row spacing 80cm~100cm, ridge height every 120cm~150cm
15cm~20cm；
5) jerusalem artichoke is planted: planting jerusalem artichoke root tuber on ridge, and covers layer of plastic film on ridge, plants in jerusalem artichoke root tuber
It is punched on the film at place, aperture 5cm~8cm；
6) it field management: after jerusalem artichoke seedling length to 15cm~20cm, is sprayed every month and is loosened the soil and is primary；
7) harvest management: under ground portion is only collected after jerusalem artichoke is mature, aerial part burns and returning to the field；
Above-mentioned steps 1)~step 7) once a year, repeat 3~4 years.
Preferred steps 1) in soil plough deeply depth be 30cm~40cm.
Sawdust is added in step 1) can increase loose soil divergence and gas permeability, water penetration, conducive to salt discharge is drained below, together
Shi Zengjia soil organic matter content improves soil texture.
The main purpose of step 2) irrigation and drainage is salt discharge, reduces salt content.
Preferred steps 2) in each water consumption of sprinkling irrigation be 60~80 tons/mu.It can be saved water using sprinkling irrigation, while make to fill
It irrigates and drains uniformly, reach better salt discharge effect.Salt content can be reduced to 0.6% or less after irrigation and drainage.
Preferred steps 3) in apply the mass ratio of microbial-bacterial fertilizer and acid-sludge be 5:1~6:1, this ratio can more preferably promote
Jerusalem artichoke growth, and can reach preferably and reduce saline and alkaline effect.The pH of acid-sludge is 4.0~4.5 in step 3).
Preferred steps 3) in microbial-bacterial fertilizer applied amount be 450kg/ mus~500kg/ mus.
Microbial-bacterial fertilizer production method can be following steps in step 3): by stalk, leaf and straw with arbitrary proportion
The mixture of composition is ground into 3cm~4cm length, be added the people of stalk, leaf and straw mixture weight than 5%~10%,
One of poultry, animal waste are a variety of, and the water of stalk, leaf and straw weight ratio 10%~15% is added, and are uniformly mixed,
It is covered surface spontaneous fermentation 3~4 months, is during which stirred every month once with film in fermentation vat.Applying microbial-bacterial fertilizer can
To increase soil fertility, while increasing the gas permeability of soil and water penetration, improves soil texture and microecosystem.Moreover, applying
Microbial-bacterial fertilizer, a large amount of saline-alkali tolerant microorganisms are contained in bacterial manure, these microorganisms can enhance plant nitrogen fixing capacity, enhance its salt resistance
Property, the absorption to N, P, K is improved, soil salinity characters are mitigated, improves soil microenvironment, increases soil fertility, promotes plant roots
System's development and growth potential.
Preferred steps 4) in deep ploughing depth be 20cm~30cm.Step 4) is deep ploughed again can be such that bacterial manure and acid-sludge is earthed
Earth reaches more preferable effect, while increasing loose soil divergence and ventilative, water penetration.
Preferred steps 5) on ridge jerusalem artichoke plantation spacing be 80cm.
Plastic covering film can reduce moisture evaporation, water-retaining effect in step 5), while inhibit the increasing of salinity in soil
Add.
Preferred steps 6) in spray every time time 4h~5h, pine soil depth 5cm~10cm.It sprays and loosens the soil, on the one hand change
Kind loose soil divergence and water content promote jerusalem artichoke growth, on the other hand can further salt discharge.
Aerial part burns and returning to the field after jerusalem artichoke is mature in step 7), can increase soil fertility, improve soil texture and
The content of organic matter.
By above-mentioned improvement steps repeat 3-4 times, can make soil salt content be reduced to 0.1% hereinafter, high alkalinity soil pH
Value is reduced to 7.0 to may remain in 6.4-6.5 or so hereinafter, being especially, and guarantees the reasonable pH value of soil.
Beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art:
Inventor is by long-term practice and a large amount of comparative tests, based on biological modification, in combination with physically improved, water conservancy
Improvement and chemical modifying carry out comprehensive treatment to salt-soda soil.By the combination of every technology, lacking for single improving technology is avoided
It falls into and insufficient, has played the advantage of every technology, moreover, the reasonably combined of a variety of plantation steps has reached preferable salt-soda soil and change
Good effect, while also adding jerusalem artichoke emergence rate and yield.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail for the embodiment provided below in conjunction with inventor.
Embodiment 1:
One piece is chosen heavy salinizedly in the area Yancheng City great Feng of Jiangsu Province, uniformly sprinkles sawdust 400kg/ on soil surface
Mu, then successively carries out ploughing deeply (depth 30cm), plow harrow and level land, and excavates gutter, furrow width every 5m later
100cm, ditch depth 30cm.It is irrigated in a manner of spraying and 12h and then stops spraying, when waiting the anhydrous outflow in gutters, sprayed again,
It so repeats to irrigate 4 times, average each water consumption is 60 tons/mu.Stalk, leaf, straw are mixed according to weight ratio for 1:1:1
It closes obtained mixture and is ground into 3cm length, people of the mixture weight than 5% and poultry manure is added, mixture weight is added
Water than 10% is uniformly mixed, and is covered surface spontaneous fermentation 3 months, is during which stirred every month once with film in fermentation vat,
Obtain microbial-bacterial fertilizer.It is dried after irrigation to soil surface, uniformly applies microbial-bacterial fertilizer 450kg/ mus of self-control and acid-sludge 90kg/
Mu, then once plowing, depth 10cm.Carry out deep ploughing 20cm again, then every 120cm rise a ridges, row spacing 100cm,
The high 15cm in ridge.Jerusalem artichoke root tuber (southern jerusalem artichoke No. 9) is planted by spacing in the rows 80cm kind on ridge, and one layer of plastic covering film on ridge,
It is punched on film at jerusalem artichoke root tuber plantation, aperture 5cm.It is long to after 15cm, being sprayed and loosened the soil one every month after jerusalem artichoke seedling
It is secondary, the 4h that sprays every time, 5cm depth of loosening the soil.Under ground portion is only collected after jerusalem artichoke is mature, aerial part burns and returning to the field.By above-mentioned
1 method of embodiment is continuously planted 3 years, and the results are shown in Table 1 for annual soil test result and jerusalem artichoke emergence rate and determination of yield:
1 soil test of table and jerusalem artichoke emergence rate and yield
| Before improvement | First Year | Second year | Third year | |
| Soil pH value | 8.6 | 7.8 | 7.1 | 6.5 |
| Soil salt content/% | 0.61% | 0.39% | 0.20% | 0.08% |
| Jerusalem artichoke emergence rate/% | 60.2% | 73.8% | 88.6% | 96.8% |
| Jerusalem artichoke yield/kg/ mus | 3167 | 3718 | 4243 | 4985 |
It is repeated 3 years according to above-mentioned steps, soil salt content is reduced to 0.08%, and pH value is reduced to 6.5, and jerusalem artichoke emergence rate reaches
96.8%, jerusalem artichoke yield reaches 4985kg/ mus.
Embodiment 2:
One piece is chosen heavy salinizedly in the area Yancheng City great Feng of Jiangsu Province, uniformly sprinkles sawdust 450kg/ on soil surface
Mu, then successively carries out ploughing deeply (depth 40cm), plow harrow and level land, and excavates gutter, furrow width every 8m later
120cm, ditch depth 20cm.It is irrigated in a manner of spraying and 15h and then stops spraying, when waiting the anhydrous outflow in gutters, sprayed again,
It so repeats to irrigate 3 times, average each water consumption is 80 tons/mu.Stalk, leaf, straw are mixed according to weight ratio for 1:2:1
It closes obtained mixture and is ground into 4cm length, people of the mixture weight than 10% and poultry manure is added, mixture weight is added
Water than 15% is uniformly mixed, and is covered surface spontaneous fermentation 4 months, is during which stirred every month once with film in fermentation vat,
Derived from microbial-bacterial fertilizer processed.It is dried after irrigation to soil surface, uniformly applies self-control microbial-bacterial fertilizer 500kg/ mus and acid-sludge
83.3kg/ mus, then once plowing, depth 15cm.Deep ploughing 30cm is carried out again, then plays a ridge, row spacing every 150cm
80cm, the high 20cm in ridge.Jerusalem artichoke root tuber, and one layer of plastic covering film on ridge are planted by spacing in the rows 80cm kind on ridge, in jerusalem artichoke block
It is punched on film at root plantation, aperture 8cm.After jerusalem artichoke seedling length to 20cm, is sprayed every month and loosened the soil and is primary, every time
Sprinkling irrigation 5h, 10cm depth of loosening the soil.Under ground portion is only collected after jerusalem artichoke is mature, aerial part burns and returning to the field.By above-described embodiment
Method is continuously planted 4 years, and the results are shown in Table 2 for annual soil test result and jerusalem artichoke emergence rate and determination of yield:
2 soil test of table and jerusalem artichoke emergence rate and yield
| Before improvement | First Year | Second year | Third year | 4th year | |
| Soil pH | 8.5 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 6.4 |
| Soil salt content/% | 0.63% | 0.46% | 0.31% | 0.12 | 0.06% |
| Jerusalem artichoke emergence rate/% | 64.8% | 76.3% | 85.6% | 92.8% | 97.2% |
| Jerusalem artichoke yield/kg/ mus | 3215 | 3689 | 4198 | 4864 | 5012 |
It is repeated 4 years according to above-mentioned steps, soil salt content is reduced to 0.06%, and pH value is reduced to 6.4, and jerusalem artichoke emergence rate reaches
97.2%, jerusalem artichoke yield reaches 5012kg/ mus.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method using No. 9 jerusalem artichoke improvement salt-soda soils of southern jerusalem artichoke, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
1) it arranges soil: uniformly sprinkling 400kg/ mus~450kg/ mus of sawdust on soil surface, plough deeply, plow harrow, smooth soil
Then ground excavates gutter, furrow width 100cm~120cm, ditch depth 20cm~30cm every 5m~8m；
2) irrigation and drainage: being irrigated in a manner of spraying and stop sprinkling irrigation after 12h~15h, when waiting the anhydrous outflow in gutters, is sprayed again
It fills, so repeatedly 3~4 times；
3) application bacterial manure: uniformly application microbial-bacterial fertilizer and acid-sludge, and once plowing after soil surface is dried, depth 10cm~
15cm；
4) deep ploughing ridging: deep ploughing again, then plays a ridges, row spacing 80cm~100cm, the high 15cm in ridge every 120cm~150cm
~20cm；
5) jerusalem artichoke is planted: planting jerusalem artichoke root tuber on ridge, and covers layer of plastic film on ridge, at jerusalem artichoke root tuber plantation
It is punched on film, aperture 5cm~8cm；
6) it field management: after jerusalem artichoke seedling length to 15cm~20cm, is sprayed every month and is loosened the soil and is primary；
7) harvest management: under ground portion is only collected after jerusalem artichoke is mature, aerial part burns and returning to the field；
According to step 1)~7) once a year, it repeats 3~4 years.
2. method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that it is 30cm~40cm that depth is ploughed deeply in soil in step 1).
3. method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that each water consumption of sprinkling irrigation is 60~80 tons/mu in step 2).
4. method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the mass ratio for applying microbial-bacterial fertilizer and acid-sludge in step 3) is 5:1
~6:1.
5. method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the pH of acid-sludge is 4.0~4.5 in step 3).
6. method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3) microbial-bacterial fertilizer applied amount be 450kg/ mus~
500kg/ mus.
7. method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that microbial-bacterial fertilizer production method in step 3) are as follows: by stalk, leaf
3cm~4cm length is ground into the mixture that arbitrary proportion forms with straw, stalk, leaf and straw mixture weight is added
Than one of 5%~10% people, poultry, animal waste or a variety of, be added stalk, leaf and straw weight ratio 10%~
15% water is uniformly mixed, and is covered surface spontaneous fermentation 3~4 months in fermentation vat with film, during which every month stirs one
It is secondary.
8. method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that deep ploughing depth is 20cm~30cm in step 4).
9. method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that jerusalem artichoke plantation spacing is 80cm on ridge in step 5).
10. method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that spray every time in step 6) time 4h~5h, pine soil depth 5cm~
10cm。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113632612A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-12 | 西安秦衡生态农业科技有限公司 | Method for quickly and efficiently improving saline-alkali soil |
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| CN105638018A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-08 | 山东三益园林绿化有限公司 | Method for improving moderately-severely hardened saline-alkali land |
| CN107926420A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-20 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | The method that matrimony vine is planted on salt-soda soil |
| CN108101683A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-06-01 | 山东胜景旅游发展有限公司 | The preparation method of salt-soda soil specific complex bacterial manure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2034900C1 (en) * | 1992-12-09 | 1995-05-10 | Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации им.А.Н.Костякова | Method for reclamation of saline medium-loamy soils |
| CN102057775A (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2011-05-18 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Controlled-salinity cultivation method for plating crop on moderate and medium and severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN105638018A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-08 | 山东三益园林绿化有限公司 | Method for improving moderately-severely hardened saline-alkali land |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113632612A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-12 | 西安秦衡生态农业科技有限公司 | Method for quickly and efficiently improving saline-alkali soil |
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Effective date of registration: 20230706 Address after: 102300 room a-6223, building 3, 20 Yong'an Road, Shilong Economic Development Zone, Mentougou District, Beijing Patentee after: BEIJING BIQINGYUAN ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Patentee after: Yingkou Guofeng Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: 102300 room a-6223, building 3, 20 Yong'an Road, Shilong Economic Development Zone, Mentougou District, Beijing Patentee before: BEIJING BIQINGYUAN ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. |