CN108811982B - Method for preventing and controlling weeds by using herbicide and mulching film in apple nursery - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling weeds by using herbicide and mulching film in apple nursery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108811982B CN108811982B CN201810686344.0A CN201810686344A CN108811982B CN 108811982 B CN108811982 B CN 108811982B CN 201810686344 A CN201810686344 A CN 201810686344A CN 108811982 B CN108811982 B CN 108811982B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling weeds in an apple nursery by using a herbicide and a mulching film, which belongs to the technical field of forest nursery stock breeding and comprises the steps of nursery land preparation, seedling transplanting, mulching film mulching ridge covering, weed control by using the herbicide in the ridge surface, full-year management of the nursery and the like. The method is suitable for the nursery stock breeding nursery lands for breeding apple seedlings by adopting the furrow cultivation method, is simple and convenient, has good weed control effect and high efficiency, can greatly save manpower, does not damage seedlings in the nursery stock breeding process, has good seedling growth quality and high seedling survival rate, and is an effective method for reducing the production cost and improving the seedling emergence rate in the nursery stock production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forest nursery stock breeding, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling weeds by using a herbicide and a mulching film in an apple nursery.
Background
In the production process of apple seedlings, after seedlings bred by seeds are transplanted to a field, due to the fact that plants are short, the leaf area is small, the weeds are relatively serious, the weeds compete with the apple seedlings for water and nutrients, and some weeds with strong growth vigor (such as Martiana equiseti) can directly affect ventilation and light transmission, so that the apple seedlings are weak in growth vigor and even die, and therefore, nursery weeding is important work for breeding the apple seedlings.
In traditional apple nursery stock production process, the back is planted to the nursery stock, can't cover completely with the plastic film in the bed to the nursery stock density of planting is big, can't use machinery to weed, relies on the manual work completely to weed, takes time and labours, accounts for more than 50% of nursery stock daily administration expense, and at weeding in-process, causes the nursery stock rhizome injury easily, and light then influences the nursery stock growth, and heavy then causes the seedling to lack. In some places, a chemical weeding method is adopted, the method has poor weed control effect on the ridge of the nursery, needs repeated application and improper operation, and can directly influence the growth of seedlings in the ridge.
For example, the Chinese patent application number is: the patent of CN201611261732.1 discloses a synergistic method for weeding vinegar to control weeds, belonging to the field of natural pesticide synergistic compounding technology and use method. A synergistic method for weed control with herbicidal vinegar uses the following steps: the first step is that after the weeding vinegar is diluted by water, mineral oil accounting for 10 to 50 percent of the weight of the weeding vinegar is added immediately and stirred evenly; secondly, continuously adding a surfactant accounting for 0.5 to 5 percent of the weight of the weeding vinegar and uniformly stirring; the third step is to use the electrostatic atomizer to spray, invent a weeding vinegar with promoting effect, low cost, make it difficult to form large-tonnage consumer goods and use in the ordinary pollution-free food production, this method is packed together weeding vinegar, mineral oil, surfactant active separately in bottle, mix in advance or pour into separately according to the situation while using, thus reach the requirement with industrial practicability, and the use cost of great reduction, guaranteed the weeding effect at the same time, and have no danger while weeding high-efficiently. However, when the method is used for weeding in apple nursery, the problem that the herbicide needs to be applied repeatedly cannot be solved, and the herbicide cannot be effectively used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for preventing and controlling weeds by using a herbicide and a mulching film in an apple nursery, and effectively solves the problem that the apple nursery needs artificial weeding or repeated application of the herbicide.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows:
a method for preventing and controlling weeds in apple nursery by using herbicide and mulching film comprises the following steps:
step 1, trimming nursery lands: selecting a land block with flat terrain, sandy loam soil type and no continuous cropping, arranging a nursery, ploughing the nursery for 1 time in the first 1 week of seedling transplanting, making a ridge with the width of 70cm, determining the ridge length according to the land block, the width of the ridge;
step 2, fixing seedlings in the planting bed: transplanting the seedlings to nursery beds when the seedlings bred by the seeds grow to 3-5 true leaves from the first ten days to the middle ten days of the month 5, planting the seedlings in double rows with the row spacing of 35cm and the plant spacing of 10cm, and watering after planting;
step 3, paving a black mulching film: selecting a black mulching film with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 0.08-0.12 mm according to the width of the ridge of the furrow, stretching and spreading the mulching film on the ridge of the furrow along the direction of the ridge of the furrow, compacting two sides of the mulching film by soil, sticking the mulching film on the ridge of the furrow, flattening and pressing the soil, wherein the soil thickness is 2-3cm, and the distance from the edge of the mulching film to the root of the seedling in the ridge is 5-10 cm;
step 4, applying herbicide:
step 4.1, determining the administration period: after the seedlings are planted and before the weeds emerge, the seedlings are watered and applied together;
step 4.2, preparing herbicide: the herbicide is prepared by mixing the dimethomorph, the cynanchum otophyllum and the fine sand, wherein the dosage of the dimethomorph is 350ml, the dosage of the cynanchum otophyllum is 250ml and the dosage of the fine sand is 0.1m per mu3(ii) a When in preparation, the dimethomorph and the clodinafop-propargyl are added into the fine river sand for 3-4 times, and are stirred alternately clockwise and anticlockwise, and after being mixed uniformly, the mixture is wrapped and sealed by a plastic film for at least 2 hours and is applied within 24 hours;
step 4.3, applying the herbicide: uniformly and slowly injecting water into the seedling bed for flood irrigation, wherein the water quantity ensures that the soil with the depth of 20-40cm is soaked; when water is not completely infiltrated, uniformly scattering the prefabricated herbicide into the seedling bed, leveling the herbicide, and removing the herbicide accumulated on the leaves and the roots of the seedlings;
step 5, nursery garden maintenance:
step 5.1, performing topdressing on urea for 1-2 times in combination with watering 30-60 days after the seedlings are transplanted, after the seedlings survive, broadcasting 20 kilograms of urea per mu, and then performing topdressing for 2 times every 30 days, wherein 15 kilograms of urea is broadcasted per mu;
and 5.2, in the seedling growth period, adopting 1500 times of imidacloprid liquid to kill aphids, adopting 2000 times of mite killing liquid to kill red spiders, adopting 2000 times of chlorbenzuron liquid to kill leaf miners, adopting 1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl liquid to prevent damping off, and adopting 1500 times of difenoconazole liquid to prevent alternaria leaf spot.
Further, the step 2 also comprises a seedling hardening step before seedling transplantation, wherein in 1 week before seedling transplantation, the plastic film of the seedling arch shed is uncovered and ventilated, the two ends of the film are firstly uncovered, then the two sides of the film are uncovered, an opening is opened every 2 meters, the size of the opening of the film is increased until the plastic film is uncovered, watering is stopped during film uncovering, and water is thoroughly watered during seedling transplantation.
Further, the step 2 also comprises a step of seedling support after watering, the seedling support is carried out 2-3 days after the seedling bed is watered, soil of the seedling bed is wet but not sticky, the seedlings poured during watering after planting are supported, cotyledons of the seedlings are flush with the ground, the seedlings are supported, soil at root stems is compacted, the whole seedling support process is gentle and flexible, dragging is forbidden, and the root systems and terminal buds of the seedlings are prevented from being damaged.
Further, step 3 is carried out before emergence of the weeds, and can also be carried out immediately after the transplantation of seedlings.
Further, in step 4.2, the effective components of the dinotefuran are 48% of butralin and missible oil; the effective components of the Caicaitong are 33 percent of pendimethalin and missible oil;
further, in step 4.3, weeds in the seedling bed are removed before the herbicide is applied; adopts a drip irrigation mode to inject water and simultaneously sprinkles herbicide.
Further, in step 4.3, watering and spreading the pesticide, and then carrying out secondary seedling support.
Further, in the step 5, a drainage ditch is dug in the seedling bed for rainwater drainage.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the method for preventing and controlling the weeds by using the herbicide and the black mulching film in the apple nursery is simple and convenient, and has good weed control effect and high efficiency.
2. The method for preventing and controlling weeds by using the herbicide and the black mulching film in the apple nursery greatly saves labor, greatly reduces production cost, does not damage seedlings in the seedling breeding process, and has good seedling growth quality and high seedling rate.
3. The method for preventing and controlling weeds by using the herbicide and the black mulching film in the apple nursery does not need repeated application and repeated weeding, and reduces the damage to seedlings.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for preventing and controlling weeds in apple nursery by using herbicide and mulching film comprises the following steps:
step 1, trimming nursery lands: selecting a land block with flat terrain, sandy loam soil type and no continuous cropping, arranging a nursery, ploughing the nursery for 1 time in the first 1 week of seedling transplanting, and making a ridge with the width of 70cm, the length of the ridge determined according to the land block, the width of the ridge of;
step 2, fixing seedlings in the planting bed: transplanting the seedlings to nursery beds when the seedlings bred by the seeds grow to 3-5 true leaves from the first ten days to the middle ten days of the month 5, planting the seedlings in double rows with the row spacing of 35cm and the plant spacing of 10cm, and watering after planting;
step 3, paving a black mulching film: selecting a black mulching film with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 0.12mm according to the width of the ridge of the furrow, stretching and flatly paving the mulching film on the ridge of the furrow along the direction of the ridge of the furrow, compacting two sides of the mulching film with soil to enable the mulching film to be attached to the ridge of the furrow, flattening and compacting the soil, wherein the soil thickness is 3cm, and the distance from the edge of the mulching film to roots and stems of seedlings in the ridge is 10 cm;
step 4, applying herbicide:
step 4.1, determining the administration period: after the seedlings are planted and before the weeds emerge, the seedlings are watered and applied together;
step 4.2, preparing herbicide: the herbicide is prepared by mixing the dimethomorph, the cynanchum otophyllum and the fine sand, wherein the dosage of the dimethomorph is 350ml, the dosage of the cynanchum otophyllum is 250ml and the dosage of the fine sand is 0.1m per mu3(ii) a When in preparation, the dimethomorph and the clodinafop-propargyl are added into the fine river sand for 3-4 times, and are stirred alternately clockwise and anticlockwise, and after being mixed uniformly, the mixture is wrapped and sealed by a plastic film for 2 hours and is applied within 24 hours;
step 4.3, applying the herbicide: uniformly and slowly injecting water into the seedling bed for flood irrigation, wherein the water quantity ensures that the soil with the depth of 20-40cm is soaked; when water is not completely infiltrated, uniformly scattering the prefabricated herbicide into the seedling bed, leveling the herbicide, and removing the herbicide accumulated on the leaves and the roots of the seedlings; the effective period of the herbicide is more than 90 days, the herbicide is applied for 1 time after the seedlings in the 1 st year are transplanted, the herbicide is used for 2 times all year in the 2 nd year, 1 time before germination in spring and 1 time in the last ten days of 6 months;
step 5, nursery garden maintenance:
step 5.1, performing topdressing on urea for 1-2 times in combination with watering 30-60 days after the seedlings are transplanted, after the seedlings survive, broadcasting 20 kilograms of urea per mu, and then performing topdressing for 2 times every 30 days, wherein 15 kilograms of urea is broadcasted per mu;
and 5.2, in the seedling growth period, adopting 1500 times of imidacloprid liquid to kill aphids, adopting 2000 times of mite killing liquid to kill red spiders, adopting 2000 times of chlorbenzuron liquid to kill leaf miners, adopting 1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl liquid to prevent damping off, and adopting 1500 times of difenoconazole liquid to prevent alternaria leaf spot.
Further, the step 2 also comprises a seedling hardening step before seedling transplantation, wherein in 1 week before seedling transplantation, the plastic film of the seedling arch shed is uncovered and ventilated, the two ends of the film are firstly uncovered, then the two sides of the film are uncovered, an opening is opened every 2 meters, the size of the opening of the film is increased until the plastic film is uncovered, watering is stopped during film uncovering, and water is thoroughly watered during seedling transplantation.
Further, the step 2 also comprises a step of seedling support after watering, the seedling support is carried out 2-3 days after the seedling bed is watered, soil of the seedling bed is wet but not sticky, the seedlings poured during watering after planting are supported, cotyledons of the seedlings are flush with the ground, the seedlings are supported, soil at root stems is compacted, the whole seedling support process is gentle and flexible, dragging is forbidden, and the root systems and terminal buds of the seedlings are prevented from being damaged.
Further, the step 3 is carried out before the weeds emerge out of the soil, and can also be carried out immediately after the seedlings are transplanted, so that repeated treading is reduced, and mulching film displacement or treading erosion is caused.
Further, in step 4.2, the effective components of the dinotefuran are 48% of butralin and missible oil; the effective components of the Caicaitong are 33 percent of pendimethalin and missible oil;
further, in step 4.3, weeds in the seedling bed are removed before the herbicide is applied; adopts a drip irrigation mode to inject water and simultaneously sprinkles herbicide.
Further, in step 4.3, watering and spreading the pesticide, and then carrying out secondary seedling support.
Further, in the step 5, a drainage ditch is dug in the seedling bed for rainwater drainage.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any variations, modifications, and alterations that may occur to one skilled in the art may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing and controlling weeds by using a herbicide and a mulching film in an apple nursery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, trimming nursery lands: selecting a land block with flat terrain, sandy loam soil type and no continuous cropping, arranging a nursery, ploughing the nursery for 1 time in the first 1 week of seedling transplanting, making a ridge with the width of 70cm, determining the ridge length according to the land block, the width of the ridge;
step 2, fixing seedlings in the planting bed: 1 week before transplanting seedlings, uncovering and ventilating the plastic film of the seedling raising arched shed, firstly uncovering two ends of the film, then uncovering two sides of the film, uncovering an opening every 2 meters, increasing the size of the opening of the film until the plastic film is uncovered, stopping watering during the film uncovering period, watering during seedling transplanting, transplanting the seedlings into nursery beds from the first ten days to the middle ten days of 5 months, transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grown by seeds grow to 3-5 true leaves, planting the seedlings in two rows, wherein the row spacing is 35cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, watering is finished after planting, watering is finished after the seedling beds are watered for 2-3 days, at the moment, the soil of the seedling beds is wet and non-sticky, righting the seedlings which are poured during the watering after planting, enabling the cotyledon of the seedlings to be level with the ground, righting the seedlings, and compacting the root and stem soil;
step 3, paving a black mulching film: selecting a black mulching film with the width of 80cm and the thickness of 0.08-0.12 mm according to the width of the ridge of the furrow, stretching and spreading the mulching film on the ridge of the furrow along the direction of the ridge of the furrow, compacting two sides of the mulching film by soil, sticking the mulching film on the ridge of the furrow, flattening and pressing the soil, wherein the soil thickness is 2-3cm, and the distance from the edge of the mulching film to the root of the seedling in the ridge is 5-10 cm; step 3 is carried out before the emergence of the weeds and can also be carried out immediately after the transplantation of the seedlings;
step 4, applying herbicide:
step 4.1, determining the administration period: after the seedlings are planted and before the weeds emerge, the seedlings are watered and applied together;
step 4.2, preparing herbicide: the herbicide is prepared by mixing dimetamine, caicao tong and fine river sand, wherein the dosage of the dimetamine is 350ml, the caicao tong is 250ml and the fine river sand is 0.1m per mu3(ii) a When in preparation, the dimethomorph and the clodinafop-propargyl are added into the fine river sand for 3-4 times, and are stirred alternately clockwise and anticlockwise, and after being mixed uniformly, the mixture is wrapped and sealed by a plastic film for at least 2 hours and is applied within 24 hours;
step 4.3, applying the herbicide: uniformly and slowly injecting water into the seedling bed for flood irrigation, wherein the water quantity ensures that the soil with the depth of 20-40cm is soaked; when underwater seeps, uniformly scattering the prefabricated herbicide into the seedling bed, leveling the herbicide, and removing the herbicide accumulated on the leaves and the rootstocks of the seedlings;
step 5, nursery garden maintenance:
step 5.1, performing topdressing on urea for 1-2 times in combination with watering 30-60 days after the seedlings are transplanted, after the seedlings survive, broadcasting 20 kilograms of urea per mu, and then performing topdressing for 2 times every 30 days, wherein 15 kilograms of urea is broadcasted per mu;
and 5.2, in the seedling growth period, adopting 1500 times of imidacloprid liquid to kill aphids, adopting 2000 times of mite killing liquid to kill red spiders, adopting 2000 times of chlorbenzuron liquid to kill leaf miners, adopting 1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl liquid to prevent damping off, and adopting 1500 times of difenoconazole liquid to prevent alternaria leaf spot.
2. The method for controlling weeds in an apple nursery by using a herbicide and a mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4.2, the effective components of the dinoamine are 48% butralin and missible oil; the effective component of the Caicaitong is 33% of pendimethalin and missible oil.
3. The method for controlling weeds in an apple nursery using a herbicide and a mulching film according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4.3, weeds in the seedbed are removed before the herbicide is applied; adopts a drip irrigation mode to inject water and simultaneously sprinkles herbicide.
4. The method for controlling weeds in an apple nursery using a herbicide and a mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4.3, a secondary seedling strengthening step is performed after watering and pesticide spraying.
5. The method for controlling weeds in an apple nursery using a herbicide and a mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5, drainage ditches are dug in the seedbed for rainwater drainage.
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| CN112166919A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2021-01-05 | 西安咸恒农业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding salty constant green stock seedlings by using non-woven bag |
| CN116195460A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-06-02 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for preventing and controlling pear trunk basal burn and preventing grass and preserving soil moisture of tree plate |
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| CN101032212A (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2007-09-12 | 杨聚德 | Method of growing apple trees by earthing up the trees and covering black film |
| CN103931456B (en) * | 2014-03-22 | 2016-02-10 | 陈学好 | The implantation methods of a kind of apple tree |
| CN103988837A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-08-20 | 临沂丰邦农业科技有限公司 | Garden nursery weed killer and use method thereof |
| CN104322174A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-02-04 | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 | Ridge film-mulching soil moisture preservation and rainwater collection ditch water collection method based on dry land fruit tree root system soil hydrothermal environment |
| CN106688580A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | Stubble cane cultivation method |
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