CN108602969A - 功能性膜、功能性容器及保鲜方法 - Google Patents
功能性膜、功能性容器及保鲜方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108602969A CN108602969A CN201780009630.7A CN201780009630A CN108602969A CN 108602969 A CN108602969 A CN 108602969A CN 201780009630 A CN201780009630 A CN 201780009630A CN 108602969 A CN108602969 A CN 108602969A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- ethylene
- food
- plant
- functional membrane
- container
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于:获得一种能够有效吸附分解乙烯的功能性膜、功能性容器及植物或食物的保鲜方法。解决手段在于:本发明的功能性膜为使具有乙烯吸附效果的塑料膜材料含有、或者在表面涂覆或蒸镀具有分解乙烯的催化能力的物质而得到。本发明的功能性容器为使具有乙烯吸附效果的塑料材料含有、或者在表面涂覆或蒸镀具有分解乙烯的催化能力的物质而得。另外,本发明的功能性容器为使具有乙烯吸附效果的塑料材料含有具有分解乙烯的催化能力的物质,并成型为规定形状,或者成型为规定形状后在表面涂覆或蒸镀该物质而得。本发明的保鲜方法具有使用该功能性膜或该功能性容器,吸附分解或/和排出产生自植物等的乙烯的工序。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于植物或食物(尤其是生鲜食材、蔬果等)保鲜(包括保持植物的生长)的功能性膜及功能性容器,以及使用该功能性膜或该功能性容器保持植物或食物鲜度的方法。
背景技术
由于保持生物在个体、组织水平上的生长潜力,同时又能新鲜保存的技术,不仅能够应用于保护稀有植物,在世界性粮食危机甚嚣尘上之际,也能应用于保存蔬菜、果实的幼苗,因而重要。另一方面,在有助于装饰用的切花等花卉类、菌类的保管、运输的领域中,也期待有活生物试样的长期保存技术。不过同时,虽然已确立有动植物的细胞水平的冷冻保存技术,但个体、组织水平的、乃至活着的状态下(保持着能量消耗活动)的保存技术及涉及植物、食物鲜味的有效保存技术很少。
在此背景下,最近正在寻求将乙烯引起的、对植物组织本身造成伤害的、涉及程序性自我分解、自溶反应的基因表达和翻译反应,以及因长期保存植物而进展的生物体内的NADP和ATP等能量物质的消失抑制到最小限度的新方法。
现有技术文献
非专利文献1 Journal of the Japanese Society for HorticulturalScience.37.(3)256-260,1968
非专利文献2 香川县农业试验场研究报告第34号(1982年10月)44-53
非专利文献3 香川县农业试验场研究报告第35号(1983年10月)39-49
非专利文献4 日本食品保藏科学会志VOL.24 NO.61998
非专利文献5 日本食品保藏科学会志VOL.33 NO.32007
非专利文献6 长崎农林技术中心研究报告第2号、97-118,2011
专利文献1 特开平9-196545号公报
专利文献2 特开2009-35327号公报
专利文献3 特开2010-207223号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
就塑料膜而言,根据其材质、延伸方法和厚度,可观察到物性(透水蒸气性、透气性)的不同。例如,一般而言,供试于蔬果的膜使用透水蒸气性低、透气性高的膜(聚乙烯),内部湿度接近100%,从而能够抑制蔬果的蒸腾。因此,塑料膜包装能够完全抑制蔬果蒸腾作用造成的干瘪,从而能够抑制流通中的蔬果流失新鲜度。不过同时,在气温高的时期,也会促进蔬果本身气体伤害和微生物的繁殖以及产生老化激素、乙烯气体,从而成为引发老化成熟、腐烂的原因,因此,需要结合低温管理。例如,在蔬果从产地到消费地区的各流通过程中,即便乙烯气体浓度仅为微量的0.005ppm,流通量整体的25~46%也有可能遭受不可挽回的损失。因此,乙烯气体浓度上没有安全水平可言。一般而言,在物流中心的储藏室中,处于完全成熟的农作物和非完全成熟的农作物混杂在一起的状态,已计算出因乙烯气体造成的收获后的损失可达25~30%。
因此,截至目前,众多企业使用光催化剂实现了分解乙烯的技术。不过在光催化剂的情况下,需要光照条件,另外,具有由于光催化剂作用使大量羟基自由基产生,而在分解乙烯的同时,使蔬菜、水果等植物产生伤害的缺点。另外,众所周知,在同时使用了脱氧剂的食物保鲜剂中会产生乙醛,这些臭气不仅在开袋时能感觉到刺激性气味、异味,在食用食品时,沾染到食品上的臭气会使消费者感觉不快或不适应,因此需要除去这种臭气。
因此,本发明涉及一种有效吸附并分解产生自植物或食物的乙烯的功能性膜,并提供该分解活性不仅在光照条件下,在阴暗处也能将乙烯完全分解成水和二氧化碳分子的功能性膜及功能性容器。进一步,提供使用该功能性膜或该功能性容器的保鲜方法。
解决课题的手段
(1)本发明的功能性膜为能够将乙烯吸附至表面的塑料制品,其为以至少ppm数量级或ppb数量级含有、或者表面涂覆或蒸镀有具有催化功能的物质的片状或层状物,所述具有催化功能的物质能够将所述乙烯分解为水和二氧化碳,或/和将其从所述功能性膜的一个表面排出至另一个表面。
(2)本发明的功能性容器为将上述(1)的功能性膜形成为包含袋状结构、筒状结构、管道结构、层状结构、和嵌套结构之中的任意1种以上的结构而构成。
(3)作为其他观点,本发明也可为形成为规定的固态形状并且能够将乙烯吸附至表面的塑料制的功能性容器,其为以至少ppm数量级或ppb数量级含有、或者表面涂覆或蒸镀有具有催化功能的物质的功能性容器,所述具有催化功能的物质能够将所述乙烯分解为水和二氧化碳。
(4)本发明的、保持植物或食物鲜度的保鲜方法的特征在于,包括将上述(1)中所述的功能性膜或上述(2)或(3)中所述的功能性容器施用到所述植物或所述食物保管场所的施用工序,和将在所述植物或所述食物附近的、产生自所述植物或所述食物的乙烯吸附到权利要求1中所述的功能性膜或权利要求2中所述的容器的吸附工序。
(5)在上述(4)的保鲜方法中,优选进一步包括将分解通过所述吸附工序而吸附的所述乙烯而得的所述二氧化碳及所述水分保持在上述(1)中所述的功能性膜的表面或上述(2)或(3)中所述的功能性容器表面的工序。
(6)作为其他观点,本发明保持植物或食物鲜度的保鲜方法也可包括将上述(1)中所述的功能性膜或上述(2)或(3)中所述的容器施用到所述植物或所述食物保管场所的施用工序,和将在所述植物或所述食物附近的、产生自所述植物或所述食物的所述乙烯排出至权利要求1中所述的功能性膜外侧或上述(2)或(3)中所述的容器外的排出工序。
(7)作为其他观点,本发明的保鲜方法为使用上述(1)中所述的功能性膜或上述(2)或(3)中所述的功能性容器,提高产生自植物或食物的乙烯吸附度和所述乙烯分解为二氧化碳及水的分解度,而保持所述植物或所述食物鲜度的方法,也可为包括将上述(1)中所述的功能性膜或上述(2)或(3)中所述的容器施用于所述植物或所述食物的保存用材料或运输用材料的施用工序,和以权利要求1中所述的功能性膜或权利要求2中所述的容器,在所述植物或所述食物的表面附近将其包围或内包而进行储存的储存工序的方法。
根据上述结构,不仅在光照条件下,在阴暗处也能进行在保持植物或食物鲜度的同时能够长期储存的塑料包装储存。在此,塑料包装储存是指,利用塑料膜的透水蒸气性和透气性的不同,通过使用塑料膜包装植物或食物来抑制储存中的蒸腾及呼吸作用,从而能长期保持鲜度。另外,密封于膜内的气体环境因植物或食物本身的呼吸作用而膜内氧气消耗、二氧化碳积累。根据环境温度和包装材料的材质及要包装的植物或食物,膜内气体环境也会变化,例如低温下(5℃以下)使用厚度0.03mm的低密度聚乙烯密封包装青菜的话,膜内部的气体环境在氧气浓度2~3%、二氧化碳5~10%下稳定。由于大气中的氧气浓度为20.9%、二氧化碳不到0.1%,从而相较于大气为低氧气-高二氧化碳浓度的环境,相较于在大气下储存,已知在该环境下储存的话,具有抑制鲜度下降的效果(CA效果)。
使用上述塑料膜或塑料容器进行的包装储存称为MA储存(气调,ModifiedAtmosphere),广泛用作运输众多植物或食物之际的内装材料。作为包装储存的目的除了上述的CA效果之外,还示出了1.抑制蔬果等植物或食物本身的蒸腾作用造成的干瘪、2.抑制表面机械性损伤、3.抑制温度变化造成蔬果表面结露等。
塑料膜因其材质、延伸方法和厚度(透水蒸气性、透气性)而不同,例如一般而言,供试给蔬果的膜使用透水蒸气性低、透气性高的LDPE(低密度聚乙烯)。使用透水蒸气性低的膜包装的话,内部湿度高,可抑制蔬果的蒸腾。由于蔬果本身的呼吸作用,膜包装内部成为在低氧气-高二氧化碳浓度之下,通过发挥呼吸抑制效果等让保鲜成为可能。
在此列举用于本发明的塑料膜材料。除了LDPE:低密度聚乙烯之外,还能使用HDPE:高密度聚乙烯、OPP:延伸聚丙烯、CPP:无延伸聚丙烯、ON:延伸尼龙(聚酰胺)、CN:无延伸尼龙(聚酰胺)、BDR:聚丁二烯、PMP:聚甲基戊烯、BOV:延伸维尼纶、OV:PVDC涂覆延伸维尼纶、PET:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、PVDC:聚偏二氯乙烯、KOP:聚偏二氯乙烯涂覆OPP、KON:聚偏二氯乙烯涂覆ON、EVOH:乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、EVA:乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、PS:聚苯乙烯、PT:普通玻璃纸、MST:聚合物型防潮玻璃纸等。
不过,用透气性低的膜,二氧化碳浓度变得太高就会引发气体伤害(出现异味、组织呈浸水状)。另外,从流通的起点到终点很少能在同一温度带下运输,由于温度变化、特别是在生产现场预冷后同温运输中的升温也会造成膜内部的乙烯气体浓度上升,加速蔬果组织的老化、成熟反应而造成鲜度急剧下降。
因此,具有乙烯吸附(吸着)效果的塑料膜材料中包含、或者表面涂覆或蒸镀有具有催化功能的物质(催化物质),所述具有催化功能的物质能够有效分解乙烯、或/和将乙烯从功能性膜的内部排到外部(从一个表面排出至另一个表面)。在此,作为具有能够有效分解乙烯、或/和将乙烯从功能性膜的内部排到外部的催化功能的物质,可列举高锰酸钾、氯化钯、镍、铂、氧化铁、氧化钛、氧化钼、氧化钨、氧化锌或者用硅对这些物质进行了涂布的修饰型有机硅化合物等。均匀混合(含有)塑料膜材料,使这些物质的最终浓度变为0.1%至10%,或者通过在膜材料表面进行涂覆或蒸镀,而赋予将本发明的功能性膜表面上吸附的乙烯分解成不会给植物或食物带来伤害的水及二氧化碳的功能或/及将功能性膜表面上吸附的乙烯从功能性膜内部排出至外部的功能,从而进一步通过由乙烯气体分解产生的水分及二氧化碳,而在短时间内有效实现抑制从植物或食物中释放水分并通过二氧化碳浓度的上升效果来抑制呼吸。
尤其是,通过在植物或食物的表皮组织附近施用本发明的功能性膜,并将产生自植物或食物的乙烯聚集到本发明的功能性膜的表面或附近,能够使聚集的乙烯气体在能够分解的条件下完全分解,从而能够因产生的水分供给而抑制蒸腾并通过二氧化碳浓度的上升来抑制呼吸。
由此,从植物或食物产生乙烯之际,附近的膜会持有吸附乙烯的功能。因此,持有乙烯的本发明的功能性膜本身能够作为乙烯吸附剂发挥作用,因而比以往的乙烯吸附剂更容易吸附乙烯。另外,与以往相比,也能提高由乙烯分解产生的水分、二氧化碳引发的呼吸抑制和蒸腾抑制的效果,从而能够有助于植物或食物的保鲜。另外,在本发明相关功能性膜中,通过将乙烯从功能性膜的内部排出至外部,能够有助于植物或食物的保鲜。
附图说明
图1为用于说明本发明实施例中0.02mm保鲜袋(母料含量0.6%(质量比))的30ppm和100ppm乙烯衰减效果的图。
图2为用于说明本发明实施例中0.006mm保鲜袋(母料含量0.6%(质量比))的30ppm和100ppm乙烯衰减效果的图。
图3为用于说明本发明实施例中0.01mm保鲜袋(母料含量1.0%(质量比))的100ppm乙烯衰减效果的图。
图4为用于说明本发明实施例中0.01mm保鲜袋(母料含量1.0%(质量比))的100ppm乙烯排出效果的图。
图5为示出本发明实施例的对照袋和保鲜袋的标准乙烯气体测量数据比较结果的图。
图6为示出本发明实施例的乙烯分解为二氧化碳的过程情况的图。
图7为示出本发明实施例的低密度聚乙烯袋(未加工)的乙烯吸附过程情况的图。
图8为示出在本发明实施例的保鲜袋内,产生自迷你番茄的乙烯浓度变化情况的图。蓝色柱表示未加工的低密度聚乙烯袋、红色柱表示保鲜袋样品的乙烯浓度。
图9为示出在本发明实施例的保鲜袋内,产生自菠菜的乙烯浓度变化情况的图。
图10为示出本发明实施例的保存实验后,迷你番茄保存状态的图。
具体实施方式
接下来就本发明的实施方式详细进行说明。
本实施方式的功能性膜及功能性容器为向规定的膜材料中至少以ppm数量级或ppb数量级(1ppb~12ppc(12%)左右,优选1ppb~5ppc(5%)左右)的体积比混合(使其含有)具有上述乙烯分解功能的粒体化合物(径长40nm~400nm左右,优选为100nm~200nm)而形成,或者将所述粒体化合物涂覆或蒸镀至膜材料表面而形成。具体而言,(1)可通过膜成型加工或吹胀成型加工制造片状功能性膜,(2)可通过T模法成型加工或层压加工成型将功能性膜热蒸镀(热封)制造粘附于各种膜上的、多层具有乙烯分解周期的功能性膜,(3)可加工上述(1)、(2)的功能性膜,制造为袋状结构、筒状结构、管道结构、层状结构、嵌套结构的功能性容器。在本实施方式中使用的膜材料例如可列举LDPE:低密度聚乙烯、HDPE:高密度聚乙烯、OPP:延伸聚丙烯、CPP:无延伸聚丙烯、ON:延伸尼农(聚酰胺)、CN:无延伸尼农(聚酰胺)、BDR:聚丁二烯、PMP:聚甲基戊烯、BOV:延伸维尼纶、OV:PVDC涂覆延伸维尼纶、PET:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、PVDC:聚偏二氯乙烯、KOP:聚偏二氯乙烯涂覆OPP、KON:聚偏二氯乙烯涂覆ON、EVOH:乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、EVA:乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、PS:聚苯乙烯、PT:普通玻璃纸、MST:聚合物型防潮玻璃纸等。将具有上述乙烯分解功能的化合物混合至该膜材料中时,功能性膜及功能性容器的厚度从0.004mm至0.1mm等与厚度无关,都能实现乙烯吸收。就本实施方式的功能性膜材料及功能性容器的材料而言,可为混合上述例子中材料的2种以上的材料。另外,在本发明的实施方式中所使用的膜材料只要为能够吸附(吸着)乙烯的材料,则无特殊限制。
在此,本实施方式的其他方式的功能性容器为通过注射成型等成型为例如带盖的箱型形状的固体的容器,但只要为能够成型为箱型形状等规定的形状的固体的方法,则任意成型方法都可以。另外,本实施方式的其他方式相关的功能性容器,为混合(含有)具有上述乙烯分解功能的化合物或者成型为箱型形状的固体之后,将所述化合物在表面上进行涂覆或蒸镀而形成。另外,作为此处箱型形状的例子,可列举立方体、正方体、三棱柱、圆柱、三角锥等,不过只要是呈内部能保存东西的状态的形状,则任意形状都可以。另外,作为用于该其他方式的功能性容器的、吸附(吸着)乙烯的容器材料的例子,例如可列举低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)(高压法)、线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)(低压法)、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMW-PE)、交联聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(AS)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚对苯二甲酸环己烷二甲醇酯=高耐热性工程塑料(PCT)、饱和聚酯树脂、聚甲基戊烯(TPX)等。另外,在该其他方式相关的功能性容器的材料中,可为2种以上上述例子中材料的混合物。另外,在该其他方式的功能性容器中使用的容器材料只要是能吸附(吸着)乙烯的材料,则无特殊限制。
接下来,就本实施方式的功能性膜用作保鲜膜的情况进行说明。就该保鲜膜的使用方法而言,例如能够将该保鲜膜加工为袋状或容器,作为保鲜袋或者保鲜容器将蔬果等植物或食物封入内部而使用,或者使用该保鲜膜包覆蔬果等植物或食物、直接接触蔬果等植物或食物,或直接将功能性膜贴在保存蔬果等植物或食物的纸箱、集装箱等内表面,或贴在用于保存果蔬等植物或食物的储藏仓库等设备内表面而使用。另外,例如可以在蔬果等植物或食物的储藏仓库等中,在换气装置、吸气装置上安装功能性膜而使用。
就使用本实施方式的保鲜袋、保鲜容器而保存的蔬果而言,应该基于植物的种类、培育方法、气候等而酌情决定。
另外,具有上述乙烯分解功能的化合物(催化物质)在除去产生自蔬果等植物或食物的乙烯的同时,也能够除去引起食物腐烂的乙醛等腐生气体。保存后,通过同时进行除去乙醛和进行分解处理腐生气体而提高保鲜效果。另外,作为保鲜条件,在阴暗处也能基本和光照条件下一样进行分解乙烯。另外,在作为保存蔬果等植物或食物的重要因素的保湿条件下,也和低湿度条件一样,即便气体成分发生变化,也能发挥乙烯分解功能。具体而言,对于保鲜,优选或对个别包装内施加加湿、调节气体分压,更加优选将保鲜膜施用配置至植物或食物表面(例如蔬果果实部的表面)附近。
在此,由于上述保鲜袋具有空隙率及比表面积高的中空结构或换气功能,能对植物呼吸进行所持有的最低限度的氧气供给,能由乙烯分解提供愈发抑制呼吸的二氧化碳。由此,蔬果等植物或食物通过抑制呼吸而容易保鲜,能够提高耐存性。保鲜袋及保鲜容器表面具有高吸水力(吸附水分的能力),而能够对蔬果等植物或食物赋予保水性、保湿性。
因此,由于在保存蔬果等植物或食物之际,通过使用保鲜袋或保鲜容器会有效地分解乙烯且功能性膜所具有的乙烯会传染性分解为二氧化碳、水,因此能够通过抑制蔬果等植物或食物呼吸,同时赋予蔬果等植物或食物湿度而促进保鲜。
实施例
以下,通过实施例进一步详细说明本发明。
使用低密度聚乙烯作为上述保鲜袋,进行乙烯气体分解实验。对于此处使用的低密度聚乙烯袋材料,使用向低密度聚乙烯及高密度聚乙烯中以0.1%至10%的质量比混合株式会社NISSHO化学的AP-MO母料分散液(以下有时仅称“母料”)而得的材料。
就乙烯吸收、分解相关的验证实验而言,首先通过用不包含乙烯的干燥空气稀释乙烯标准气体,使用装有乙烯浓度为10ppm、30ppm、100ppm、300ppm的气体的1000cc泰德拉袋(氟化乙烯树脂制造的气体分析用样品袋)而制成了样品袋内的空气。在保鲜袋样品(母料含量0.6%(质量比)、厚度0.02mm或0.006mm)中插入上述标准乙烯气体,测量伴随经时变化的乙烯吸收、分解量。另外,为了验证乙烯气体是否分解,使用检测管测量了泰德拉袋内的CO2排出量。测量时间为0、3、12、24小时后进行测量。
同样,在保鲜袋样品(母料含量1.0%(质量比)、厚度0.01mm或0.02mm)中插入上述标准乙烯气体100ppm,测量伴随经时变化的乙烯吸收、分解量。另外,为了验证乙烯气体是否分解、排出,使用检测管测量了泰德拉袋内的CO2排出量。测量时间为0、3、6、12、18、24小时后进行测量。
进一步,将插入了100cc上述100ppm标准乙烯气体的保鲜袋样品(母料含量0.6%(质量比)、厚度0.01mm或0.02mm、纵150mm×横150mm)放入1000cc泰德拉袋(氟化乙烯树脂制造的气体分析用样品袋)内,测量伴随经时变化,乙烯从样品袋排出至泰德拉袋内的乙烯量。测量时间为0、3、6、12、18、24小时后进行测量。图4示出了实验开始24小时后约4成的乙烯从样品袋排出的情况。
如图1~图6所示,测量了从实验开始至48小时之后乙烯标准气体的衰减效果。明确了标准乙烯气体在保鲜袋内24小时后的分解或/及排出情况。
图1及图2的结果示出了不管保鲜袋厚度0.02mm和0.006mm的差别,30ppm和100ppm的标准乙烯气体都分解了的情况。详细比较保鲜袋厚度造成的乙烯分解效果的话,则薄的保鲜袋(母料含量0.6%(质量比)、厚度0.006mm)的效率更高地分解了乙烯,接着是保鲜袋(母料含量1.0%(质量比)、厚度0.01mm)的一方分解了乙烯。另外,图5的结果示出了与对照袋相比,本发明的保鲜袋(样品袋)在标准乙烯(300ppm)的浓度这一高浓度乙烯气体的情况下,也能和低浓度乙烯(10ppm、30ppm、100ppm)一样有效地分解乙烯。因此,确认了保鲜袋有助于保持植物的鲜度。
另外,从图6的结果已知从300ppm的乙烯产生了600ppm的二氧化碳,因此,通过本实施例已明确1分子乙烯分解为2分子二氧化碳。
图7的结果示出了使未处理的低密度聚乙烯袋吸附(吸着)乙烯的情况。将1升300ppm的乙烯封入0.05mm厚的低密度聚乙烯袋中,验证吸附了多少乙烯时,明确了20多个小时吸附了约30%的乙烯。即便测量袋内二氧化碳的浓度,二氧化碳浓度也不太高,故示出了即便乙烯吸附、脱离而不分解,对膜材料的亲和性也较高。
另外,果实尽量选用大小相同、发育正常的果实,摘取后直接放入本发明的保鲜袋(样品袋)中,测量5天左右呼吸量及乙烯生成量。就呼吸量而言,使用检测管测量袋内CO2的排出量。具体而言,制作仅放入水果的阳性对照塑料袋及放入了乙烯吸附剂的保鲜袋(样品袋),对比验证乙烯生成、除去效果。就乙烯生成量而言,测量完呼吸量后立刻将样品袋内的空气完全替换为不含乙烯的空气,之后在1个泰德拉袋内将果实密封任意时间,并从其顶部空间采集约20ml空气,并进一步从其中采集1ml,使用气相色谱法测量乙烯浓度,并求出果实产生的乙烯的生成、吸附量。另外,使用柱为填充柱、柱温度100℃、载体为空气并使用FID检测器。就乙烯的测量而言,对1个试料测量2次以上,结果以平均值示出。乙烯的检测界限浓度为0.5ppm。就实验而言,对1个品种的3个样品连续5天进行测量。图6示出了将迷你番茄封入本发明的保鲜袋(样品袋)中,在常温25℃下验证5天保鲜效果时的乙烯浓度变化。相对于在未加工的低密度聚乙烯袋中,袋内乙烯浓度逐渐上升而言,在本发明的保鲜袋(样品袋)中无关时间经过,未见乙烯浓度上升。另外,66小时后,在本发明的保鲜袋(样品袋)中,乙烯浓度变为检测界限以下(0.1ppm),难以测定。这些结果示出了本发明的保鲜袋(样品袋)会有效分解产生自番茄的乙烯,且由于分解而会提高保鲜效果。另外,图8示出保存实验一周后迷你番茄保存状况的照片。在未加工的LDPE低密度聚乙烯袋中,可见果实表面结露的同时果实不断软化,很多番茄形状变形。另一方面,明确了在使用本发明的保鲜袋(样品袋)的情况下,番茄表面未出现结露,另外,果实形状良好、保持了新鲜。
图9示出了将菠菜封入本发明的保鲜袋(样品袋)中,在常温25℃下验证1周保鲜效果时的乙烯浓度变化。相对于在未加工的低密度聚乙烯袋中,持续检测出0.2ppm至0.3ppm的乙烯浓度而言,在本发明的保鲜袋(样品袋)中无关时间经过,在92个小时之内都很难检测到乙烯。这些结果示出了本发明的保鲜袋(样品袋)会有效分解产生自菠菜的乙烯,且由于分解而会提高保鲜效果。
从以上结果已确认,通过在具有乙烯吸附性能的膜材料中混合分解乙烯的催化物质,能在短时间内吸附、分解乙烯,并完全分解为二氧化碳和水,或/和通过将乙烯从蔬果附近排出,能够减少乙烯的老化、成熟效果并抑制蔬果的呼吸及抑制从果实表面的蒸腾。因此,能够获得蔬果的保鲜效果。
以上就本发明的实施方式进行了说明,不过应认为具体结构不受这些实施方式的限定。本发明的范围通过权利要求示出,而非通过上述实施方式的说明示出,且进一步包括与权利要求具有同等意义及范围内的所有变化。例如,对番茄等蔬果不言而喻,对根茎类栽培、兰等花卉栽培、在植物工厂的叶类栽培及菌类保鲜等也有效。
Claims (7)
1.一种片状功能性膜,其为能够将乙烯吸附至表面的塑料制功能性膜,
其为以至少ppm数量级或ppb数量级含有、或者表面涂覆或蒸镀有具有催化功能的物质的片状功能性膜,所述具有催化功能的物质能够将所述乙烯分解为水和二氧化碳,或/和将其从所述功能性膜的一个表面排出至另一个表面。
2.一种功能性容器,其为将权利要求1中所述的功能性膜形成为包含袋状结构、筒状结构、管道结构、层状结构、嵌套结构之中的任意1种以上的结构而构成。
3.一种功能性容器,其形成为规定的固态形状并为能够将乙烯吸附至表面的塑料制功能性容器,
其为以至少ppm数量级或ppb数量级含有、或者表面涂覆或蒸镀有具有催化功能的物质的功能性容器,所述具有催化功能的物质能够将所述乙烯分解为水和二氧化碳。
4.一种保鲜方法,其为保持植物或食物鲜度的保鲜方法,其特征在于,包括:
施用工序,将权利要求1中所述的功能性膜或权利要求2或3中所述的容器施用到所述植物或所述食物保管场所;和
吸附工序,将在所述植物或所述食物附近的、产生自所述植物或所述食物的所述乙烯吸附到权利要求1中所述的功能性膜或权利要求2或3中所述的容器。
5.权利要求4中所述的保鲜方法,其特征在于,进一步包括将通过所述吸附工序而吸附的所述乙烯分解而得的所述二氧化碳及所述水分保持在权利要求1中所述的功能性膜的表面或权利要求2或3中所述的容器表面的工序。
6.一种保鲜方法,其为保持植物或食物鲜度的保鲜方法,其特征在于,包括:
施用工序,将权利要求1中所述的功能性膜或权利要求2或3中所述的容器施用到所述植物或所述食物的保管场所;和
排出工序,将在所述植物或所述食物附近的、产生自所述植物或所述食物的所述乙烯排出至权利要求1中所述的功能性膜外侧或权利要求2或3中所述的容器外。
7.一种保鲜方法,其为使用权利要求1中所述的功能性膜或权利要求2或3中所述的容器,提高产生自植物或食物的所述乙烯的吸附度和所述乙烯分解为二氧化碳及水的分解度,而保持所述植物或所述食物鲜度的方法,其特征在于,包括:
施用工序,将权利要求1中所述的功能性膜或权利要求2或3中所述的容器施用于所述植物或所述食物的保存用材料或运输用材料;和
储存工序,使用权利要求1中所述的功能性膜或权利要求2或3中所述的容器,在所述植物或所述食物的表面附近,将其包围或内包而进行储存。
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CN107839326B (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-07-21 | 常德金德新材料科技股份有限公司 | 防霉保鲜瓦楞纸板及其制备方法 |
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JPWO2020080542A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-11-11 | 正人 佐々木 | 鮮度保持フィルム及び鮮度保持容器 |
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