CN108575516B - Needle leaf anti-falling method in transplanting process of evergreen plants in high altitude areas - Google Patents
Needle leaf anti-falling method in transplanting process of evergreen plants in high altitude areas Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling transplanting, and particularly relates to a method for preventing needle leaves from falling off in a transplanting process of evergreen plants in a high-altitude area. The method comprises the following steps: setting up a sunshade net with preset light transmittance, and planting the first evergreen plant seedlings in the sunshade net; step two: adjusting the root-crown ratio of the first evergreen plant seedling in a pruning mode to obtain a second evergreen plant seedling; step three: and (3) alternately spraying an antitranspirant, a foliar fertilizer and water mist on the second evergreen plant seedlings until the second evergreen plant seedlings are transplanted to survive. The method solves the technical defect that the needle leaves of the transplanted vegetation drop seriously in the existing vegetation transplanting method, ensures the overwintering problem of new leaves sprouting or secondarily sprouting after the transplantation of the evergreen plants, and indirectly improves the transplanting survival rate of the evergreen plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling transplanting, and particularly relates to a method for preventing needle leaves from falling off in a transplanting process of evergreen plants in a high-altitude area.
Background
At present, the large seedlings are cultivated, the seedlings need to be transplanted, the transplanting can expand the nutrition space for the growth of the seedlings, such as the illumination space, the ventilation space, the branch growth space, the space for the growth of roots, the water absorption and the nutrition, the transplanting can further stimulate the growth of the roots of the seedlings, the growth of fibrous roots and the improvement of the greening survival rate.
For transplanting evergreen plants, the evergreen plants have higher maintenance requirements, so that the transplanting of the evergreen plants becomes very difficult, and the conventional transplanting method used in high-altitude areas is not suitable for transplanting the evergreen plants, so that after the evergreen plants are transplanted, needle leaves of the evergreen plants are seriously fallen, and even the whole plants turn yellow and wither, so that the evergreen plants die, and the transplanting survival rate is low.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the technical staff in the field is to develop a method which can solve the serious problem of needle leaf shedding of evergreen plants after the evergreen plants are transplanted in high altitude areas and can keep the normal activity of the needle leaves of the evergreen plants.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the needle-leaf falling prevention method in the transplanting process of the evergreen plants in the high-altitude areas can effectively overcome the technical defect that the needle leaves of the evergreen plants fall off after the transplanting of the evergreen plants in the high-altitude areas.
The invention provides a method for preventing needle leaves from falling off in the transplanting process of evergreen plants in high-altitude areas, which comprises the following steps.
The method comprises the following steps: setting up a sunshade net with preset light transmittance, and planting the first evergreen plant seedlings in the sunshade net;
step two: adjusting the root-crown ratio of the first evergreen plant seedling in a pruning mode to obtain a second evergreen plant seedling;
step three: and (3) alternately spraying an antitranspirant, a foliar fertilizer and water mist on the second evergreen plant seedlings until the second evergreen plant seedlings are transplanted to survive.
Preferably, the first step specifically includes: the method comprises the steps of setting up a sunshade net with preset light transmittance, pretreating evergreen plant seedlings, wrapping the whole of the evergreen plant seedlings with non-woven fabrics to obtain first evergreen plant seedlings, and planting the first evergreen plant seedlings in the sunshade net, wherein the pretreatment is to spray an antitranspirant on the evergreen plant seedlings and then irrigate the evergreen plant seedlings thoroughly.
The method comprises the following steps: spraying low-concentration antitranspirant once 7 days before seedling lifting, and watering for 1 time for permeating water. After seedling raising, the soil ball is firstly wrapped by a mesh bag, and the outside of the soil ball is wrapped by non-woven fabrics; when loading the first evergreen plant seedlings, wrapping each layer with non-woven fabrics; and after the loading is finished, the whole body is covered with non-woven fabrics. The non-woven fabric has the functions of heat preservation and water retention, and reduces water dispersion caused by the transpiration of the leaf surfaces in the transportation process and damage to the leaf surfaces in high and low temperature environments. The transportation time is controlled within 3 days as much as possible; building a sunshade net: a sunshade net with 50% of light transmittance is set up, and the sunshade net can effectively reduce the transpiration of seedlings in high-altitude areas under strong sunlight before the root systems of the newly planted evergreen plants are completely underdeveloped.
Specifically, the non-woven fabric is a fabric made of a non-woven material with water retention, air permeability and a heat preservation function.
Preferably, the anti-evaporation agent in the first step and the anti-evaporation agent in the fourth step is a low-concentration anti-evaporation agent solution, and the weight ratio of the solute of the anti-evaporation agent to water in the low-concentration anti-evaporation agent solution is 1: (1600-2000).
Preferably, the preset light transmittance is 50% -70%.
The pruning mode specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: pruning mechanically damaged branches and diseased branches of the first evergreen plant seedlings to obtain first-level pruned evergreen plant seedlings;
step 2: pruning branches of a main trunk of the first-level pruned evergreen plant seedling to obtain a second-level pruned evergreen plant seedling, wherein the branches of the main trunk are specifically branches of the main trunk at the height of 0-80 cm from the ground;
and step 3: pruning 20-30% of main branches of the second-level pruned evergreen plant seedlings, and carrying out stubble remaining treatment on the main branches, wherein the height of the stubble remaining is 0.5-1 cm, and coating callus coating agent on the stubble remaining position to obtain third-level pruned evergreen plant seedlings, wherein the main branches mainly comprise overlapped branches and dense branches;
and 4, step 4: and pruning the first branches at the top ends of the main branches and the subsidiary branches of the three-stage pruned evergreen plant seedlings, wherein the pruning quantity ratio of the first branches is 60-70%, and obtaining the four-stage pruned evergreen plant seedlings.
Specifically, the trimming mode includes:
(1) pruning the mechanically damaged branches and diseased and weak branches.
(2) Pruning branches of the main trunk at the height of 0-80 cm.
(3) Thinning branches: pruning 20-30% of main branches at the trunk part, and keeping stubbles at the main branch pruning part: leaving stubble 0.5-1 cm, and coating with commercially available callus coating agent. Mainly takes overlapped branches and over dense branches as main parts, and the pruning principle is that tree forms are not damaged.
(4) And (3) pruning the first branches at the top ends of the main branches and the auxiliary branches, wherein the pruning quantity ratio is 60-70%.
If the evergreen plant grows well and the needle leaves do not fall off after the pruning in the four steps, the following pruning is not carried out; if the tree vigor of the evergreen plants is poor and the coniferous leaves gradually wither and yellow or the number of fallen coniferous leaves is large, the pruning proportion is properly increased, and 2-4 times of pruning are carried out.
Specifically, the 2 nd to 4 th pruning steps are as follows:
(1) thinning branches: pruning branches of the main trunk to 0-20% of the number of main branches. The pruning principle is that tree shapes are not damaged. Main branch pruning and stubble remaining principle: leaving stubble 0.5-1 cm, and coating with commercially available callus coating agent
(2) Pruning the first section of the top of the branches of the main trunk and the auxiliary rods: pruning branches of the main trunk and branches of the subsidiary stems to have withered top parts, seriously fallen needle leaves or withered and yellow needle leaves. And trimming the first section of branch with the quantity of 20-50%. The pruning proportion is determined according to the dropping condition of the needle leaves at the top ends of the plant branches. The pruning principle is that the first section of branch does not sprout new buds.
By pruning, the root-crown ratio of the evergreen plants is greatly adjusted, and the transpiration water loss is reduced. Mechanical damage branches, diseased and weak branches, overlapped branches, dense branches and tender branches at the top ends of partial tree species branches are removed. If the branches are thick, the wound is smeared with a commercial callus smearing agent after pruning, which is beneficial to wound healing. The interval time of pruning is 10 days, and the pruning is 1 to 4 times.
Preferably, the third step is specifically: and spraying the antitranspirant on the second evergreen plant seedling for multiple times every 7-10 days. Specifically, after transplanting, four times of low-concentration antitranspirant is sprayed, and the interval time is 7 days.
Preferably, the third step: and alternately spraying a first foliar fertilizer and a second foliar fertilizer to the second evergreen plant seedlings for a plurality of times every 3-5 days. Specifically, spraying of a foliar fertilizer: and 2 kinds of leaf fertilizers are sprayed alternately for 3 times at intervals of 10 days. The foliar fertilizer can improve the stress resistance of the nursery stock and supplement trace nutrient elements required by the leaf surface.
Preferably, the first foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials, and comprises: soluble calcium salt, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water.
Specifically, the first foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
2-4 parts of soluble calcium salt;
4-6 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
3000 parts of water.
Preferably, the second foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials, and comprises: urea, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and water.
Specifically, the second foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
specifically, the spraying operation of the foliar fertilizer is selected in sunny days, sufficient illumination and no precipitation are ensured after 6 hours of spraying, and supplementary spraying is needed if precipitation occurs.
Preferably, the step of spraying the fourth evergreen plant seedling with water mist specifically comprises: spraying water mist to the fourth evergreen plant seedlings every morning and evening, wherein the spraying of the water mist lasts for 45-60 days.
Specifically, spraying water mist: spraying water mist every morning and evening, wherein before 11 am and after 5 pm, the low temperature in the morning and evening and the high temperature in the noon are avoided, so as to avoid damage to the tree body. The water mist is sprayed to the leaf surface and the tree trunk, so that the water required by the leaf surface before the root system is completely developed can be supplemented, and the environment humidity can be improved. Spraying water mist for 45-60 days.
The transplanting method organically combines sun shading, pruning, spraying of the antitranspirant, spraying of the foliar fertilizer and spraying of the water mist, and has the disadvantages that the sun shading, spraying of the low-concentration antitranspirant and spraying of the water mist treatment are carried out on newly transplanted plants due to dry climate and strong sunshine in high-altitude areas, so that the loss of the moisture of evergreen plants is effectively reduced, and the required moisture can be supplemented to the plants through the foliar fertilizer and the tree trunks; the newly transplanted nursery stock has insufficient water and nutrients, the tree vigor can be adjusted by proper pruning, and the nutrients required by the plant can be supplemented by spraying the foliar fertilizer, so that the invention controls the sunlight, prunes and sprays the low-concentration antitranspirant to adjust the transpiration efficiency of the evergreen plant and the water loss of the evergreen plant, and supplements necessary nutrients and water to the evergreen plant by spraying the foliar fertilizer and spraying the water mist. After the evergreen plants are transplanted by the method, the needles and leaves of the newly transplanted evergreen plants hardly fall off; part of new leaves grow out, and the overwintering is safe; as can be seen from the examples, the survival rate of evergreen plants (cedar) is greatly increased.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a needle leaf falling prevention method in a transplanting process of evergreen plants in a high altitude area, which is used for solving the technical defect that needle leaves of the evergreen plants fall off after the evergreen plants in the high altitude area are transplanted.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention specifically provides a specific embodiment mode, and a method for preventing needle leaves from falling off in a transplanting process of evergreen plants in a high-altitude area, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting up a sunshade net with preset light transmittance, and planting the first evergreen plant seedlings in the sunshade net;
step two: adjusting the root-crown ratio of the first evergreen plant seedling in a pruning mode to obtain a second evergreen plant seedling;
step three: and (3) alternately spraying an antitranspirant, a foliar fertilizer and water mist on the second evergreen plant seedlings until the second evergreen plant seedlings are transplanted to survive.
Wherein, step one specifically includes: the method comprises the steps of setting up a sunshade net with preset light transmittance, pretreating evergreen plant seedlings, wrapping the whole of the evergreen plant seedlings with non-woven fabrics to obtain first evergreen plant seedlings, and planting the first evergreen plant seedlings in the sunshade net, wherein the pretreatment is to spray an antitranspirant on the evergreen plant seedlings and then irrigate the evergreen plant seedlings thoroughly.
The antitranspirant in the first step and the third step is a low-concentration antitranspirant solution, and the weight ratio of antitranspirant solute in the low-concentration antitranspirant solution to water is 1: (1600-2000).
Wherein the preset light transmittance is 50-70%.
Wherein, the pruning mode specifically is:
step 1: pruning mechanically damaged branches and diseased branches of the first evergreen plant seedlings to obtain first-level pruned evergreen plant seedlings;
step 2: pruning branches of a main trunk of the first-level pruned evergreen plant seedling to obtain a second-level pruned evergreen plant seedling, wherein the branches of the main trunk are specifically branches of the main trunk at the height of 0-80 cm from the ground;
and step 3: pruning 20-30% of main branches of the second-level pruned evergreen plant seedlings, and carrying out stubble remaining treatment on the main branches, wherein the height of the stubble remaining is 0.5-1 cm, and coating callus coating agent on the stubble remaining position to obtain third-level pruned evergreen plant seedlings, wherein the main branches mainly comprise overlapped branches and dense branches;
and 4, step 4: and pruning the first section of branch at the top end of the branch of the trunk of the three-stage pruning evergreen plant seedling and the first section of branch at the top end of the branch of the auxiliary stem, wherein the pruning quantity ratio of the first section of branch is 60-70%, and obtaining the four-stage pruning evergreen plant seedling.
Wherein, still include after step 4 of pruning the way:
and 5: pruning 0-20% of main branches of the main trunk of the four-level pruning evergreen plant seedling, carrying out stubble remaining treatment on the main branches, wherein the height of the stubble is 0.5-1 cm, and smearing callus smearing agents on the stubble remaining positions to obtain five-level pruning evergreen plant seedlings;
step 6: and trimming the first branches at the top ends of the branches of the main trunk and the branches of the subsidiary stems of the five-stage trimmed evergreen plant seedlings, wherein the trimming proportion of the first branches is 20-50% of the number of the first branches, and the first branches at the top ends of the branches of the main trunk and the branches of the subsidiary stems are trimmed, and the branches at which the needles fall seriously or the needles are withered and yellow in color.
Wherein, the third step is specifically as follows: and spraying the antitranspirant on the second evergreen plant seedling for multiple times every 7-10 days.
Wherein, the third step: and alternately spraying a first foliar fertilizer and a second foliar fertilizer to the second evergreen plant seedlings for a plurality of times every 3-5 days.
The first foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2-4 parts of soluble calcium salt;
4-6 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
3000 parts of water.
The second foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
wherein, to the spraying water smoke of second evergreen plant seedling specifically is: spraying water mist to the second evergreen plant seedlings in the morning and at night every day, wherein the spraying of the water mist lasts for 45-60 days. Wherein, the raw materials in the following examples are all sold in the market or made by self.
Example 1
The invention particularly provides a needle leaf anti-falling method in a transplanting process of evergreen plants in a high altitude area, which comprises the following steps.
S101: lifting seedlings: spraying low-concentration antitranspirant once 7 days before seedling lifting, and watering for 1 time for permeating water. After seedling raising, the soil ball is firstly wrapped by a mesh bag, and the outside of the soil ball is wrapped by non-woven fabrics;
s102: and (3) transportation: when loading the nursery stock, wrapping each layer with non-woven fabrics; and after the loading is finished, the whole body is covered with non-woven fabrics. The non-woven fabric has the functions of heat preservation and water retention, and reduces water dispersion caused by the transpiration of the leaf surfaces in the transportation process and damage to the leaf surfaces in high and low temperature environments. The transportation time is controlled within 3 days as much as possible;
s103: building a sunshade net: a sunshade net with 50% of light transmittance is set up, and the sunshade net can effectively reduce the transpiration of the seedlings under strong sunlight in high-altitude areas before the root systems of the newly planted cedars are completely developed;
s104: trimming: the root-crown ratio is adjusted, and the transpiration water loss is reduced. Mechanical damage branches, diseased and weak branches, overlapped branches, dense branches and tender branches at the top ends of partial tree species branches are removed. If the branches are thick, the wound is smeared with a commercial callus smearing agent after pruning, which is beneficial to wound healing. The interval time between the pruning is 10 days, and the pruning is carried out for 3 times.
The pruning method comprises the following steps of,
1, pruning:
(1) pruning the mechanically damaged branches and diseased and weak branches.
(2) Pruning branches at the height of 40cm of the trunk.
(3) Thinning branches: 25% of main branches are pruned at the trunk, and mainly overlapped branches and over dense branches are used as main branches. The pruning principle is that tree shapes are not damaged.
(4) Pruning a first branch at the top end of the branch: the pruning proportion is 65%.
(5) Main branch pruning and stubble remaining principle: leaving stubble 0.75cm, and coating with commercially available callus coating agent.
And (3) pruning principle for 2-4 times:
(1) thinning branches: the trunk is trimmed to 10% of the main branches. The pruning proportion is determined according to the tree vigor, and the pruning principle does not damage the tree shape.
(2) Pruning a first branch at the top end of the branch: pruning branches at the dry and withered top ends of the branches, parts with serious needle leaf shedding or withered and yellow needle leaves. The pruning ratio is 30%. The pruning proportion is determined according to the dropping condition of the needle leaves at the top end of the cedar branches. The pruning principle is that the first section of branch does not sprout new buds.
(3) Main branch pruning and stubble remaining principle: leaving stubble 0.7cm, and coating with commercially available callus coating agent.
S105: spraying an antitranspirant: after transplanting, spraying four times of low-concentration antitranspirant with the interval time of 7 days;
s106: spraying a leaf fertilizer: and 2 kinds of leaf fertilizers are sprayed alternately for 3 times at intervals of 10 days. The stress resistance of the nursery stock is improved, and trace nutrient elements required by leaf surfaces are supplemented;
s107: spraying water mist: spraying water mist every morning and evening, 11 am and 5 pm, and avoiding the low temperature in the morning and evening and the high temperature in the noon so as to avoid damaging the tree body. The water mist is sprayed to the leaf surface and the tree trunk, so that the water required by the leaf surface before the root system is completely developed can be supplemented, and the environment humidity can be improved. Spraying water mist for 50 days;
wherein the low-concentration antitranspirant is a commercially available antitranspirant solution, and the weight ratio of antitranspirant solute to water of the low-concentration antitranspirant solution is 1: (1600-2000), the concentration is 2-3 times of the normal use concentration, and the antitranspirant is the evaporation inhibition of the commercial national light brand.
The two foliar fertilizers are prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the first kind of foliar fertilizer: 3 parts of water-soluble calcium (the calcium is more than or equal to 150g/L), 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3000 parts of water, and the calcium phosphate calcium is prepared by mixing and dissolving. And (3) second kind of foliar fertilizer: 15 parts of urea, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate and 300 parts of water are mixed and dissolved to prepare the water-soluble urea. The spraying operation of the foliar fertilizer is selected in sunny days, sufficient illumination is ensured after 6 hours after the foliar fertilizer is sprayed, and no precipitation exists, and if precipitation occurs, supplementary spraying is needed.
Example 2 Cedar planting test
Test groups: the transplanting method of example 1.
Control group 1: no trimming operation is performed. Other measures are the same as in example 1.
Control group 2: and spraying an anti-transpirant with normal concentration, wherein the weight ratio of an anti-transpirant solute of the anti-transpirant with normal concentration to water is 1: 800, the antitranspirant is a commercially available national light brand for inhibiting evaporation. Other measures are the same as in example 1.
Control group 3: and (5) spraying a urea solution. (instead of foliar fertilizers). The urea solution is prepared by dissolving urea and water at a weight ratio of 1:200, and does not add ferrous sulfate and magnesium sulfate. Other measures are the same as in example 1.
Control group 4: spraying water mist operation is not carried out. Other measures are the same as in example 1.
The test process comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing test blocks: 2 streets with the length of 300m and the width of 1.5m are selected, and green belts are used. The operation was carried out using a digger, and planting holes of 1m × 1m × 1m were dug at intervals of 3 m. And 200 planting holes are dug. The planting holes are numbered 1-200 in sequence.
(2) Selecting transplanted seedlings: selecting 200 plants with the height of 2.5m, good tree shape and vigorous growth
(3) Planting and maintaining: planting and maintaining the seedlings in the blocks according to the method.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 survival rate of cedar in different overwintering years for each test group
The existing transplanting method is to spray transpiration with normal concentration or spray a 0.5% urea solution, compared with the existing conventional method, the transplanting method of the embodiment 1 has the advantages that the survival rate of the cedar after 3 years can reach 87%, and the higher survival rate is shown compared with a control group, so that the transplanting method organically combining sun shading, pruning, spraying of the anti-transpiration agent, spraying of the foliar fertilizer and spraying of the water mist can greatly improve the survival rate of the cedar.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preventing needle leaves from falling off in the transplanting process of evergreen plants in high altitude areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting a sunshade net with preset light transmittance, pretreating evergreen plant seedlings, wrapping the whole of the evergreen plant seedlings with non-woven fabrics to obtain first evergreen plant seedlings, and planting the first evergreen plant seedlings in the sunshade net, wherein the pretreatment is to spray an antitranspirant on the evergreen plant seedlings and then to thoroughly water the evergreen plant seedlings;
step two: adjusting the root-crown ratio of the first evergreen plant seedling in a pruning mode to obtain a second evergreen plant seedling;
step three: and (3) alternately spraying an antitranspirant, a foliar fertilizer and water mist on the second evergreen plant seedlings until the second evergreen plant seedlings are transplanted to survive, wherein the third step is as follows: and (2) alternately spraying a first foliar fertilizer and a second foliar fertilizer to the second evergreen plant seedling every 3-5 days for a plurality of times, wherein the first foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: soluble calcium salt, monopotassium phosphate and water, the second foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials, and comprises: urea, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and water;
wherein the antitranspirant in the first step and the third step is a low-concentration antitranspirant solution, and the weight ratio of antitranspirant solute in the low-concentration antitranspirant solution to water is 1: (1600-2000).
2. The needle leaf anti-shedding method in the transplanting process of evergreen plants in high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the preset light transmittance is specifically 50% -70%.
3. The needle leaf anti-falling method in the transplanting process of evergreen plants in high altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the pruning manner is specifically:
step 1: pruning mechanically damaged branches and diseased branches of the first evergreen plant seedlings to obtain first-level pruned evergreen plant seedlings;
step 2: pruning branches of a main trunk of the first-level pruned evergreen plant seedling to obtain a second-level pruned evergreen plant seedling, wherein the branches of the main trunk are specifically branches of the main trunk at the height of 0 cm-80 cm from the ground;
and step 3: pruning 20-30% of main branches of the second-level pruned evergreen plant seedlings, and carrying out stubble remaining treatment on the main branches, wherein the height of the stubble remaining is 0.5-1 cm, and coating callus coating agent on the stubble remaining position to obtain third-level pruned evergreen plant seedlings, wherein the main branches mainly comprise overlapped branches and dense branches;
and 4, step 4: and pruning the first section of branch at the top end of the branch of the trunk of the three-stage pruning evergreen plant seedling and the first section of branch at the top end of the branch of the auxiliary stem, wherein the pruning quantity ratio of the first section of branch is 60-70%, and obtaining the four-stage pruning evergreen plant seedling.
4. The method for preventing the needle leaves from falling off in the transplanting process of the evergreen plants in the high-altitude areas as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step 4 of the pruning manner further comprises:
and 5: pruning 0-20% of main branches of the main trunk of the four-level pruning evergreen plant seedling, carrying out stubble remaining treatment on the main branches, wherein the height of the stubble is 0.5-1 cm, and smearing callus smearing agents on the stubble remaining positions to obtain five-level pruning evergreen plant seedlings;
step 6: and trimming the first branches at the top ends of the branches of the main trunk and the branches of the subsidiary stems of the five-stage trimmed evergreen plant seedlings, wherein the trimming proportion of the first branches is 20-50% of the number of the first branches, and the first branches at the top ends of the branches of the main trunk and the branches of the subsidiary stems are trimmed, and the branches at which the needles fall seriously or the needles are withered and yellow in color.
5. The needle leaf anti-falling method in the transplanting process of evergreen plants in high altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the third step specifically comprises: and spraying the antitranspirant on the second evergreen plant seedling for multiple times every 7-10 days.
6. The needle leaf anti-shedding method in the transplanting process of evergreen plants in high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the first foliar fertilizer comprises, in parts by weight:
2-4 parts of soluble calcium salt;
4-6 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
3000 parts of water.
7. The needle leaf falling prevention method in the transplanting process of evergreen plants in high altitude areas according to claim 6, wherein the calcium content of the soluble calcium salt is 100-200 g/L.
8. The needle leaf anti-shedding method in the transplanting process of evergreen plants in high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the second foliar fertilizer comprises, in parts by weight:
25-35 parts of urea;
1.5-2.5 of ferrous sulfate;
1.5-2.5 of magnesium sulfate;
and (c) water 300.
9. The needle leaf anti-shedding method in the transplanting process of the evergreen plants in the high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the step of spraying water mist on the second evergreen plant seedlings specifically comprises the following steps: spraying water mist to the second evergreen plant seedlings in the morning and at night every day, wherein the spraying of the water mist lasts for 45-60 days.
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