CN108522109B - Low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum - Google Patents
Low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
Abstract
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of mixed planting of traditional Chinese medicines, and discloses a low-altitude mixed planting method of eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum, which comprises the following steps: preparing soil, fixedly planting eucommia, managing eucommia, fixedly planting polygonatum, managing polygonatum and harvesting; the method is simple, a large amount of soil, manpower and material resources are saved, the growth of eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum is promoted, the bark can be peeled after the eucommia ulmoides is planted for 7-8 years, the yield reaches 627 kg/mu, the polygonatum sibiricum bred by rootstock can be harvested after the field planting for 1 year, the polygonatum sibiricum bred by seeds can be harvested after the field planting for 2 years, the yield reaches 583 kg/mu, a new method is provided for the planting of the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum in Anhui areas, and the planting cost is saved by; the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum can be gradually selected to adapt to the low-altitude environment by selecting the low-altitude areas to plant the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, the planting difficulty is reduced, and the planting cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of mixed planting of traditional Chinese medicines, in particular to a low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum.
Background
Eucommia, also called bakelite, 8 kinds of amino acids and mineral elements such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron and the like which are necessary for human bodies, has stronger health care function, has the efficacies of tonifying liver and kidney, strengthening tendons and bones, regulating Chong and ren meridians, fixing meridians and preventing miscarriage, is deciduous arbor, has the height of 20m, is fond of warm and humid environment with sufficient sunlight, can resist severe cold, mostly grows in low mountains with the altitude of 300-500 m, can normally live under the condition of minus 30 ℃, can be cultivated in most regions of China, and has strong adaptability; rhizoma polygonati, also called rhizoma polygonati, yellow chicken dish, rhizoma alismatis and rhizoma gastrodiae, the rhizoma polygonati is taken as a medicine by roots and stems, can moisten lung and relieve cough, invigorate spleen and nourish stomach, resist pathogenic microorganisms, treat diabetes, relieve fatigue, resist oxidation, delay aging, stop bleeding, protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and resist viruses, is a perennial herb, has the height of 1m, likes the conditions of yin and humidity, has the characteristics of liking yin, cold resistance and drought, and mostly grows in the area with the altitude of 800-2800 m; eucommia ulmoides and sealwort grow in different altitude areas, different plants need to be planted at different altitude, a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed, the planting cost is high, and no report that the eucommia ulmoides and the sealwort are mixed and planted in a low altitude area of 0-200 m exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum.
A low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: selecting soil with an altitude of 0-200 m, gradually selecting eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum which adapt to a low altitude environment, reducing planting difficulty, saving planting cost, deeply turning the soil by 15-20 cm, uniformly applying 800-900 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and finely raking the soil;
(2) and (3) field planting of eucommia ulmoides: in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, selecting eucommia ulmoides seedlings with the height of 0.9-1.2 m and vigorous growth to be planted in soil, enabling root systems of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings to slowly absorb nutrient components in winter, enhancing stress resistance of the eucommia ulmoides, improving planting survival rate of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings, wherein the plant spacing is 1.6-1.8 m, and the row spacing is 2.2-2.4 m;
(3) and (3) eucommia management: uniformly spraying betaine solution with the mass concentration of 0.3-0.5% to eucommia ulmoides in the first ten days of 3 months, continuously spraying the betaine solution for two times at intervals of 7-10 days, promoting cell division of eucommia ulmoides leaves, accelerating growth of the leaves, enhancing photosynthesis of the leaves, promoting growth of eucommia ulmoides seedlings and accumulation of nutrient components, uniformly spreading topdressing in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, wherein the spreading amount is 30-35 kg/mu, and pouring large water after spreading;
(4) planting rhizoma polygonati: uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer in the step (1) in the last 11 th month, wherein the spreading amount is 600-700 kg, when eucommia is planted in the second 3 th month, the soil between the rows of eucommia is deeply turned by 10-15 cm, large water is poured, and after 2-3 days, polygonatum seedlings are planted in the soil, 3 rows of polygonatum seedlings are planted in each eucommia row, the planting distance is 38-42 cm, the soil under the eucommia is fully utilized, the growth of polygonatum is facilitated, meanwhile, the planting of polygonatum can inhibit the occurrence of pests, the pest rate of eucommia and polygonatum is reduced, and a large amount of planting cost is saved;
(5) and (3) sealwort management: spraying tranexamic acid solution with the mass concentration of 40-45 mg/L in the whole field after field planting to promote the growth of eucommia ulmoides and the survival of polygonatum sibiricum, shortening the harvesting period and improving the planting efficiency of the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, spraying antibacterial agent solution in the whole field for two times continuously with the interval time of 10-15 days, wherein the antibacterial agent solution is extracted by pure plants, does not contain any toxic chemical reagent, is safe and healthy, does not cause residue in the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, improves the yield and the quality of the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, and increases the planting income;
(6) harvesting treatment: the method comprises the steps of digging yellow essence in the first ten days of 11 months, digging before organic fertilizer is applied, continuously planting polygonatum seedlings in the second year after digging, peeling eucommia ulmoides in the middle ten days of 4 months, peeling before topdressing, improving the taste of eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum medicinal materials, improving the utilization rate of fertilizer, spraying grape seed extract with the mass concentration of 13-15 mg/L on the whole plant after peeling, promoting the formation and differentiation of callus of the eucommia ulmoides after peeling, accelerating the formation of bark, shortening the growth period of the eucommia ulmoides, and obtaining the eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum medicinal materials.
The organic fertilizer in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 56-58 parts of corn straws, 33-35 parts of pig manure, 25-27 parts of chicken manure, 24-26 parts of pineapple peel, 24-26 parts of sweet potato seedlings, 24-26 parts of bagasse, 21-23 parts of pepper seedlings, 17-19 parts of garlic seedlings, 17-19 parts of brewer's grains, 11-13 parts of chinaberry leaves and 5-7 parts of EM (effective microorganisms); crushing corn straws, pig manure, chicken manure, pineapple peel, sweet potato seedlings and bagasse, inoculating EM bacteria, uniformly mixing, fermenting at 34-36 ℃ for 6-7 days, adding the rest raw materials, and continuously fermenting at 25-27 ℃ for 3-4 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The additional fertilizer in the step (3) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 37-39 parts of urea, 31-33 parts of calcium superphosphate, 34-36 parts of potassium chloride, 5-7 parts of manganese sulfate, 3.4-3.8 parts of borax, 2.3-3.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 1.6-1.8 parts of sodium selenite.
The antibacterial agent solution in the step (5) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26-28 parts of cocklebur fruit, 23-25 parts of black nightshade, 23-25 parts of erigeron breviscapus, 20-22 parts of aircraft grass and 17-19 parts of bowled calyx; crushing all the raw materials, adding water in an amount which is 80-90 times the weight of all the raw materials, decocting until the volume is 1/10 of the original volume, filtering, adding an alcohol solution which is 68-70% of the weight of the filter residue in an amount which is 40-50 times the weight of the filter residue into the filter residue, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 32-34 kHz for 20-25 minutes, filtering to obtain a filtrate and the filter residue, scattering the filter residue into soil, drying the filtrate until no alcohol exists, adding water to adjust the mass concentration to be 25-30 mg/L, and obtaining the antibacterial agent solution.
And (3) crushing grape seeds into 80-100 meshes, adding an acetic acid solution with volume fraction of 11-13% 70-80 times the weight of the grape seeds, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 30-32 kHz for 10-15 minutes, decocting until the volume is 1/20 of the original volume, filtering, adding anhydrous alcohol with the weight of 20-30 times the weight of the filter residues into the filter residues, carrying out reflux extraction, combining all extracting solutions, carrying out vacuum rotary evaporation until the alcohol is obtained, and carrying out freeze drying until the water is removed to obtain the grape seed extract.
The eucommia ulmoides and sealwort medicinal materials are obtained by the low-altitude mixed planting method of the eucommia ulmoides and the sealwort.
The invention has the advantages that: the low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum provided by the invention is simple, saves a large amount of soil, manpower and material resources, promotes the growth of the eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum, enables peeling to be carried out 7-8 years after the eucommia ulmoides is planted, the yield to reach 627 kg/mu, the polygonatum sibiricum bred by rhizomes can be harvested 1 year after field planting, the polygonatum sibiricum bred by seeds can be harvested 2 years after field planting, the yield reaches 583 kg/mu, a new method is provided for planting the eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum in Anhui areas, and the planting cost is saved by 39.; eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum can be gradually selected to adapt to the low-altitude environment by selecting low-altitude areas to plant the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, so that the planting difficulty is reduced, and the planting cost is saved; after a small amount of organic fertilizer is added into soil, planting eucommia ulmoides seedlings in autumn, enabling root systems of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings to slowly absorb nutrient components in winter, enhancing stress resistance of the eucommia ulmoides, improving planting survival rate of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings, spraying betaine solution to the eucommia ulmoides seedlings in spring and applying additional fertilizer in a scattering mode, promoting cell division of eucommia ulmoides leaves, accelerating growth of the leaves, enhancing photosynthesis of the leaves, and promoting growth of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings and accumulation of the nutrient components; the polygonatum is planted between eucommia rows after the eucommia plants grow gradually, the forest soil and the humid environment of the eucommia are fully utilized, the growth of the polygonatum is facilitated, meanwhile, the planting of the polygonatum can inhibit the occurrence of pests, the pest rate of the eucommia and the polygonatum is reduced, a large amount of planting cost is saved, the tranexamic acid solution is sprayed in the whole field after the polygonatum is fixedly planted, the growth of the eucommia and the survival of the polygonatum are promoted, the harvesting life is shortened, and the planting efficiency of the eucommia and the polygonatum is improved; spraying an antibacterial agent solution on the whole field in the first 6 th month, wherein the antibacterial agent solution is extracted from pure plants, does not contain any toxic chemical reagent, is safe and healthy, does not cause residues in eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum, improves the yield and quality of the eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum, and increases the planting income; the growth period of the polygonatum sibiricum is short, the polygonatum sibiricum is harvested and dug before the organic fertilizer is spread, the eucommia ulmoides is peeled before the additional fertilizer, the taste of the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum medicinal materials can be improved, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the grape seed extract is sprayed on the whole peeled plant, the formation and differentiation of callus of the eucommia ulmoides after peeling are promoted, the formation of bark is accelerated, and the growth period of the eucommia ulmoides is shortened.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: selecting soil with an altitude of 0-200 m, gradually selecting eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum which adapt to a low altitude environment, reducing planting difficulty, saving planting cost, deeply turning the soil by 15-20 cm, uniformly applying 800kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and finely raking the soil; the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 56 parts of corn straws, 33 parts of pig manure, 25 parts of chicken manure, 24 parts of pineapple peel, 24 parts of sweet potato seedlings, 24 parts of bagasse, 21 parts of pepper seedlings, 17 parts of garlic seedlings, 17 parts of brewer's grains, 11 parts of chinaberry leaves and 5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms); crushing corn straws, pig manure, chicken manure, pineapple peel, sweet potato seedlings and bagasse, inoculating EM bacteria, uniformly mixing, fermenting at 34 ℃ for 6 days, adding the rest raw materials, and continuously fermenting at 25 ℃ for 3 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(2) and (3) field planting of eucommia ulmoides: in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, selecting eucommia ulmoides seedlings with the height of 0.9-1.2 m and vigorous growth to be planted in soil, enabling root systems of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings to slowly absorb nutrient components in winter, enhancing stress resistance of the eucommia ulmoides, improving planting survival rate of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings, wherein the plant spacing is 1.6-1.8 m, and the row spacing is 2.2-2.4 m;
(3) and (3) eucommia management: uniformly spraying betaine solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% to eucommia ulmoides in the first ten days of 3 months, continuously spraying the betaine solution for two times at intervals of 7-10 days, promoting cell division of eucommia ulmoides leaves, accelerating growth of the leaves, enhancing photosynthesis of the leaves, promoting growth of eucommia ulmoides seedlings and accumulation of nutrient components, uniformly spreading topdressing in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, wherein the spreading amount is 30 kg/mu, and watering with large water after spreading; the additional fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 37 parts of urea, 31 parts of calcium superphosphate, 34 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 3.4 parts of borax, 2.3 parts of zinc sulfate and 1.6 parts of sodium selenite;
(4) planting rhizoma polygonati: uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer in the step (1) in the last 11 th month, wherein the spreading amount is 600kg, when eucommia is planted in the second 3 th month middle and last ten days after planting, deeply turning 10-15 cm soil between rows of eucommia, watering, and planting polygonatum seedlings in the soil after 2-3 days, wherein 3 rows of polygonatum seedlings are planted in each eucommia row, the planting distance is 38-42 cm, the forest soil and the humid environment of eucommia are fully utilized, the growth of polygonatum is facilitated, meanwhile, the planting of polygonatum can inhibit the occurrence of pests, the pest rate of eucommia and polygonatum is reduced, and a large amount of planting cost is saved;
(5) and (3) sealwort management: spraying tranexamic acid solution with the mass concentration of 40mg/L in the whole field after field planting to promote the growth of eucommia ulmoides and the survival of polygonatum sibiricum, shortening the harvesting period and improving the planting efficiency of the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, spraying antibacterial agent solution in the whole field for two times continuously with the interval time of 10-15 days, wherein the antibacterial agent solution is extracted by pure plants, does not contain any toxic chemical reagent, is safe and healthy, does not cause residue in the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, improves the yield and the quality of the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, and increases the planting income; the antibacterial agent solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: fructus Xanthii 26, herba Solani Nigri 23, herba Eragrostidis 23, herba Ainsliaeae Rubrinervis 20, and herba seu radix Phrymatis 17; crushing all the raw materials, adding water which is 80 times the weight of all the raw materials, decocting until the volume is 1/10 of the original volume, filtering, adding an alcohol solution which is 40 times the weight of the filter residue and has a volume fraction of 68% into the filter residue, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 32kHz for 20 minutes, filtering to obtain a filtrate and the filter residue, scattering the filter residue into soil, drying the filtrate until no alcohol exists, adding water to adjust the mass concentration to be 25mg/L, and obtaining an antibacterial agent solution;
(6) harvesting treatment: the method comprises the following steps of (1) excavating the yellow essence in the middle and upper ten days of 11 months, excavating before spreading an organic fertilizer, continuously planting polygonatum seedlings in the next year after excavation, peeling the eucommia in the middle and upper ten days of 4 months, peeling before topdressing, improving the taste of eucommia and polygonatum medicinal materials, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, spraying grape seed extract with the mass concentration of 13mg/L on the whole plant after peeling, promoting the formation and differentiation of callus of the eucommia after peeling, accelerating the formation of bark, and shortening the growth period of the eucommia to obtain the eucommia and polygonatum medicinal materials; the grape seed extract is prepared by crushing grape seeds into 80 meshes, adding an acetic acid solution with volume fraction of 11% and 70 times of the weight of the grape seeds, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 30kHz for 10 minutes, decocting until the volume is 1/20 of the original volume, filtering, adding anhydrous alcohol with 20 times of the weight of the filter residues into the filter residues, carrying out reflux extraction, combining all extracting solutions, carrying out vacuum rotary evaporation until the alcohol is obtained, and carrying out freeze drying until no water exists, thus obtaining the grape seed extract.
Example 2
A low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: selecting soil with an altitude of 0-200 m, gradually selecting eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum which adapt to a low altitude environment, reducing planting difficulty, saving planting cost, deeply turning the soil by 15-20 cm, uniformly spreading 850kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and finely raking the soil; the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn straw 57, pig manure 34, chicken manure 26, pineapple peel 25, sweet potato seedlings 25, bagasse 25, pepper seedlings 22, garlic seedlings 18, brewer's grains 18, chinaberry leaves 12 and EM (effective microorganisms) 6; crushing corn straws, pig manure, chicken manure, pineapple peel, sweet potato seedlings and bagasse, inoculating EM bacteria, uniformly mixing, fermenting at 35 ℃ for 6 days, adding the rest raw materials, and continuously fermenting at 26 ℃ for 3 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(2) and (3) field planting of eucommia ulmoides: in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, selecting eucommia ulmoides seedlings with the height of 0.9-1.2 m and vigorous growth to be planted in soil, enabling root systems of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings to slowly absorb nutrient components in winter, enhancing stress resistance of the eucommia ulmoides, improving planting survival rate of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings, wherein the plant spacing is 1.6-1.8 m, and the row spacing is 2.2-2.4 m;
(3) and (3) eucommia management: uniformly spraying betaine solution with the mass concentration of 0.4% to eucommia ulmoides in the last ten days of 3 months, continuously spraying the betaine solution twice at intervals of 7-10 days, promoting cell division of eucommia ulmoides leaves, accelerating growth of the leaves, enhancing photosynthesis of the leaves, promoting growth of eucommia ulmoides seedlings and accumulation of nutrient components, uniformly spreading topdressing in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, wherein the spreading amount is 33 kg/mu, and watering with large water after spreading; the additional fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 38 parts of urea, 32 parts of calcium superphosphate, 35 parts of potassium chloride, 6 parts of manganese sulfate, 3.6 parts of borax, 2.4 parts of zinc sulfate and 1.7 parts of sodium selenite;
(4) planting rhizoma polygonati: uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer in the step (1) in the last 11 th month, wherein the spreading amount is 650kg, when eucommia is planted in the second 3 th month middle and last ten days after planting, deeply turning 10-15 cm soil between rows of eucommia, watering, and planting polygonatum seedlings in the soil after 2-3 days, wherein 3 rows of polygonatum seedlings are planted in each eucommia row, the planting distance is 38-42 cm, the forest soil and the humid environment of eucommia are fully utilized, the growth of polygonatum is facilitated, meanwhile, the planting of polygonatum can inhibit the occurrence of pests, the pest rate of eucommia and polygonatum is reduced, and a large amount of planting cost is saved;
(5) and (3) sealwort management: spraying tranexamic acid solution with the mass concentration of 43mg/L in the whole field after field planting to promote the growth of eucommia ulmoides and the survival of polygonatum sibiricum, shortening the harvesting period and improving the planting efficiency of the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, spraying antibacterial agent solution in the whole field for two times continuously with the interval time of 10-15 days, wherein the antibacterial agent solution is extracted by pure plants, does not contain any toxic chemical reagent, is safe and healthy, does not cause residue in the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, improves the yield and the quality of the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, and increases the planting income; the antibacterial agent solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: cocklebur fruit 27, black nightshade 24, horseweed 24, ground beetle 21, flower of bowled groundsel 18; crushing all the raw materials, adding water in an amount which is 85 times the weight of all the raw materials, decocting until the volume is 1/10 of the original volume, filtering, adding an alcohol solution with the volume fraction of 69% and the amount which is 45 times the weight of the filter residue into the filter residue, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 33kHz for 23 minutes, filtering to obtain a filtrate and the filter residue, scattering the filter residue into soil, drying the filtrate until no alcohol exists, adding water to adjust the mass concentration to be 28mg/L, and obtaining an antibacterial agent solution;
(6) harvesting treatment: the method comprises the following steps of (1) excavating the yellow essence in the middle and upper ten days of 11 months, excavating before spreading an organic fertilizer, continuously planting polygonatum seedlings in the next year after excavation, peeling the eucommia in the middle and upper ten days of 4 months, peeling before topdressing, improving the taste of eucommia and polygonatum medicinal materials, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, spraying a grape seed extract with the mass concentration of 14mg/L on the whole plant after peeling, promoting the formation and differentiation of callus of the eucommia after peeling, accelerating the formation of bark, and shortening the growth period of the eucommia to obtain the eucommia and polygonatum medicinal materials; the grape seed extract is prepared by crushing grape seeds to 90 meshes, adding an acetic acid solution with volume fraction of 12% and weight of 75 times of the weight of the grape seeds, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 31kHz for 13 minutes, decocting until the volume is 1/20 of the original volume, filtering, adding absolute alcohol with weight of 25 times of the weight of the filter residues into the filter residues, carrying out reflux extraction, combining all extracting solutions, carrying out vacuum rotary evaporation until the alcohol is obtained, and carrying out freeze drying until no water exists, thus obtaining the grape seed extract.
Example 3
A low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: selecting soil with an altitude of 0-200 m, gradually selecting eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum which adapt to a low altitude environment, reducing planting difficulty, saving planting cost, deeply turning the soil by 15-20 cm, uniformly spreading 900kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and finely raking the soil; the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58 parts of corn straws, 35 parts of pig manure, 27 parts of chicken manure, 26 parts of pineapple peel, 26 parts of sweet potato seedlings, 26 parts of bagasse, 23 parts of pepper seedlings, 19 parts of garlic seedlings, 19 parts of brewer's grains, 13 parts of chinaberry leaves and 7 parts of EM (effective microorganisms); crushing corn straws, pig manure, chicken manure, pineapple peel, sweet potato seedlings and bagasse, inoculating EM bacteria, uniformly mixing, fermenting at 36 ℃ for 7 days, adding the rest raw materials, and continuously fermenting at 27 ℃ for 4 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(2) and (3) field planting of eucommia ulmoides: in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, selecting eucommia ulmoides seedlings with the height of 0.9-1.2 m and vigorous growth to be planted in soil, enabling root systems of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings to slowly absorb nutrient components in winter, enhancing stress resistance of the eucommia ulmoides, improving planting survival rate of the eucommia ulmoides seedlings, wherein the plant spacing is 1.6-1.8 m, and the row spacing is 2.2-2.4 m;
(3) and (3) eucommia management: uniformly spraying betaine solution with the mass concentration of 0.5% to eucommia ulmoides in the last ten days of 3 months, continuously spraying the betaine solution for two times at intervals of 7-10 days, promoting cell division of eucommia ulmoides leaves, accelerating growth of the leaves, enhancing photosynthesis of the leaves, promoting growth of eucommia ulmoides seedlings and accumulation of nutrient components, uniformly spreading topdressing in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, wherein the spreading amount is 35 kg/mu, and watering with large water after spreading; the additional fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: urea 39, calcium superphosphate 33, potassium chloride 36, manganese sulfate 7, borax 3.8, zinc sulfate 3.5 and sodium selenite 1.8;
(4) planting rhizoma polygonati: in the last 11 months, uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer in the step (1) into soil, wherein the spreading amount is 700kg, when eucommia is planted in the second 3 middle and last months, deeply turning 10-15 cm of soil between rows of eucommia, watering, and planting polygonatum seedlings in the soil after 2-3 days, wherein 3 rows of polygonatum seedlings are planted in each eucommia row, and the planting distance is 38-42 cm, so that the forest soil and the humid environment of eucommia are fully utilized, the growth of polygonatum is facilitated, meanwhile, the planting of polygonatum can inhibit the occurrence of pests, the pest rate of eucommia and polygonatum is reduced, and a large amount of planting cost is saved;
(5) and (3) sealwort management: after field planting, spraying tranexamic acid solution with the mass concentration of 45mg/L in the whole field to promote the growth of eucommia ulmoides and the survival of polygonatum sibiricum, shortening the harvesting period and improving the planting efficiency of the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, in the last 6 th day, spraying the antibacterial agent solution in the whole field twice continuously, wherein the interval time is 10-15 days, the antibacterial agent solution is extracted from pure plants, does not contain any toxic chemical reagent, is safe and healthy, does not cause residue in the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, improves the yield and the quality of the eucommia ulmoides and the polygonatum sibiricum, and increases the; the antibacterial agent solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: cocklebur fruit 28, black nightshade 25, horseweed 25, taraxacum 22, and flower of fleabane 19; crushing all the raw materials, adding water 90 times the weight of all the raw materials, decocting to 1/10 volume, filtering, adding 70% alcohol solution 50 times the weight of the filter residue into the filter residue, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 34kHz for 25 minutes, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, scattering the filter residue into soil, drying the filtrate until no alcohol exists, adding water to adjust the mass concentration to 30mg/L, and obtaining an antibacterial agent solution;
(6) harvesting treatment: the method comprises the following steps of (1) excavating the yellow essence in the middle and upper ten days of 11 months, excavating before spreading an organic fertilizer, continuously planting polygonatum seedlings in the next year after excavation, peeling the eucommia in the middle and upper ten days of 4 months, peeling before topdressing, improving the taste of eucommia and polygonatum medicinal materials, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, spraying grape seed extract with the mass concentration of 15mg/L on the whole plant after peeling, promoting the formation and differentiation of callus of the eucommia after peeling, accelerating the formation of bark, and shortening the growth period of the eucommia to obtain the eucommia and polygonatum medicinal materials; the grape seed extract is prepared by crushing grape seeds to 100 meshes, adding an acetic acid solution with volume fraction of 13% and weight of 80 times of the weight of the grape seeds, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 32kHz for 15 minutes, decocting until the volume is 1/20 of the original volume, filtering, adding anhydrous alcohol with weight of 30 times of the weight of the filter residues into the filter residues, carrying out reflux extraction, combining all extracting solutions, carrying out vacuum rotary evaporation until the alcohol is obtained, and carrying out freeze drying until no water exists, thus obtaining the grape seed extract.
Comparative example 1
The organic fertilizer in the step (1) is changed into a traditional organic fertilizer sold in the market, and the rest methods are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The method is the same as the method in the example 1 except that the middle and last ten days of 11 months in the step (2) is changed into the last ten days of 3 months.
Comparative example 3
The betaine solution in step (3) was removed and the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The top dressing in step (3) is changed into a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, and the other methods are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 5
The second 3 middle and last days of the month in the step (4) is changed to the first 3 middle and last days of the month, and the rest of the method is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 6
The tranexamic acid solution in the step (5) was removed, and the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated.
Comparative example 7
The solution of the antibacterial agent in step (5) was prepared by using 50% thiophanate, and the procedure was otherwise the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 8
And (6) digging and peeling after the fertilizer is spread, and performing the same steps as the example 1 except for the steps.
Comparative example 9
The grape seed extract in step (6) was removed and the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 10
The existing eucommia ulmoides is planted independently at an altitude of 300-500 m.
Comparative example 11
The existing sealwort is planted independently at the altitude of 800-2800 m.
The planting effects of the planting methods of eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum in the examples and the comparative examples are as follows:
in Huoshan county of Anhui province, 12 mu of soil with the altitude of 0-200 m is selected in the same area and is randomly divided into 12 groups, 1 mu of each group is respectively an embodiment 1-3 and a comparative example 1-9, 1 mu of soil with the altitude of 300-500 m is selected as a comparative example 10, 1 mu of soil with the altitude of 800-2800 m is selected as a comparative example 11, each group is planted with eucommia ulmoides and Polygonatum sibiricum by using the group method, Polygonatum sibiricum Red is a rhizome breeding seedling, the test time is 10 years, the yield, the field planting survival rate, the pest rate and the harvesting time of the eucommia ulmoides and Polygonatum sibiricum are counted, the average value of the results is obtained, and the planting effect of the embodiment and the planting method of the comparative example and the.
Table 1: planting effect of planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum in examples and comparative examples
| Item | Yield (eucommia/sealwort)/(kg/mu) | Survival rate (eucommia/sealwort)/(%) | Disease and insect rate (eucommia/sealwort)/(%) | Harvesting time (eucommia/sealwort)/(year) |
| Example 1 | 627/578 | 98/100 | 5/7 | 7/1 |
| Example 2 | 622/583 | 100/99 | 4/5 | 7/1 |
| Example 3 | 621/580 | 98/99 | 6/5 | 8/1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 486/412 | 94/92 | 5/9 | 9/2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 511/430 | 90/95 | 6/8 | 9/1 |
| Comparative example 3 | 504/418 | 88/96 | 8/7 | 8/1 |
| Comparative example 4 | 536/464 | 94/95 | 9/7 | 9/2 |
| Comparative example 5 | 552/405 | 97/90 | 8/6 | 8/2 |
| Comparative example 6 | 563/451 | 96/89 | 11/8 | 9/1 |
| Comparative example 7 | 587/512 | 95/93 | 6/5 | 10/2 |
| Comparative example 8 | 605/562 | 97/95 | 7/9 | 11/3 |
| Comparative example 9 | 592/565 | 98/100 | 9/8 | 10/1 |
| Comparative example 10 | 476/— | 89/— | 12/— | 14/— |
| Comparative example 11 | —/394 | —/91 | —/13 | —/2.5 |
The results in table 1 show that the low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum in the embodiment is obviously superior to a comparative example in yield, planting survival rate, pest control rate and harvesting time, and the low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum provided by the invention has a good planting effect.
Claims (2)
1. A low-altitude mixed planting method for eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation: selecting soil with an altitude of 0-200 m, deeply ploughing the soil by 15-20 cm, uniformly applying 800-900 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and finely raking the soil;
(2) and (3) field planting of eucommia ulmoides: in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, eucommia seedlings with the height of 0.9-1.2 m and vigorous growth are selected and planted in soil, the plant spacing is 1.6-1.8 m, and the row spacing is 2.2-2.4 m;
(3) and (3) eucommia management: uniformly spraying betaine solution with the mass concentration of 0.3-0.5% to eucommia ulmoides in the first ten days of 3 months, continuously spraying twice with the interval time of 7-10 days, uniformly spreading topdressing in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, wherein the spreading amount is 30-35 kg/mu, and watering with large water after spreading;
(4) planting rhizoma polygonati: uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer in the step (1) in the last 11 th month, wherein the spreading amount is 600-700 kg, when eucommia ulmoides is planted in the second 3 th month middle and last ten days, deeply turning over the soil between the rows of the eucommia ulmoides by 10-15 cm, watering, and after 2-3 days, planting polygonatum sibiricum seedlings in the soil, wherein 3 rows of polygonatum sibiricum seedlings are planted between each row of the eucommia ulmoides, and the planting distance is 38-42 cm;
(5) and (3) sealwort management: spraying tranexamic acid solution with the mass concentration of 40-45 mg/L on the whole field after field planting, spraying the antibacterial agent solution on the whole field in the first 6 th month, and continuously spraying for two times with the interval time of 10-15 days;
(6) harvesting treatment: digging yellow sperms in the middle-upper ten days of 11 months, continuously planting polygonatum seedlings in the second year after digging, peeling eucommia ulmoides in the middle-upper ten days of 4 months, and spraying grape seed extract with the mass concentration of 13-15 mg/L on the whole plant after peeling to obtain eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum medicinal materials;
the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 56-58 parts of corn straws, 33-35 parts of pig manure, 25-27 parts of chicken manure, 24-26 parts of pineapple peel, 24-26 parts of sweet potato seedlings, 24-26 parts of bagasse, 21-23 parts of pepper seedlings, 17-19 parts of garlic seedlings, 17-19 parts of brewer's grains, 11-13 parts of chinaberry leaves and 5-7 parts of EM (effective microorganisms); crushing corn straws, pig manure, chicken manure, pineapple peel, sweet potato seedlings and bagasse, inoculating EM bacteria, uniformly mixing, fermenting at 34-36 ℃ for 6-7 days, adding the rest raw materials, and continuously fermenting at 25-27 ℃ for 3-4 days to obtain an organic fertilizer;
the additional fertilizer in the step (3) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 37-39 parts of urea, 31-33 parts of calcium superphosphate, 34-36 parts of potassium chloride, 5-7 parts of manganese sulfate, 3.4-3.8 parts of borax, 2.3-3.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 1.6-1.8 parts of sodium selenite;
the antibacterial agent solution in the step (5) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26-28 parts of cocklebur fruit, 23-25 parts of black nightshade, 23-25 parts of erigeron breviscapus, 20-22 parts of aircraft grass and 17-19 parts of bowled calyx; crushing all the raw materials, adding water in an amount which is 80-90 times the weight of all the raw materials, decocting until the volume is 1/10 of the original volume, filtering, adding an alcohol solution which is 68-70% of the weight of the filter residue and is 40-50 times the weight of the filter residue into the filter residue, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 32-34 kHz for 20-25 minutes, filtering to obtain a filtrate and filter residue, scattering the filter residue into soil, drying the filtrate until no alcohol exists, adding water to adjust the mass concentration to be 25-30 mg/L, and obtaining an antibacterial agent solution;
and (3) crushing grape seeds into 80-100 meshes, adding an acetic acid solution with volume fraction of 11-13% 70-80 times the weight of the grape seeds, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 30-32 kHz for 10-15 minutes, decocting until the volume is 1/20 of the original volume, filtering, adding anhydrous alcohol with the weight of 20-30 times the weight of the filter residues into the filter residues, carrying out reflux extraction, combining all extracting solutions, carrying out vacuum rotary evaporation until no alcohol exists, and carrying out freeze drying until no alcohol exists, thus obtaining the grape seed extract.
2. A eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum medicinal material planted by the low-altitude mixed planting method of eucommia ulmoides and polygonatum sibiricum of claim 1.
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