CN108323397A - A kind of method of red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth - Google Patents
A kind of method of red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth Download PDFInfo
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- CN108323397A CN108323397A CN201711384339.6A CN201711384339A CN108323397A CN 108323397 A CN108323397 A CN 108323397A CN 201711384339 A CN201711384339 A CN 201711384339A CN 108323397 A CN108323397 A CN 108323397A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
A kind of method that can effectively realize red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth of the present invention,4 kind advantage host plants of this method to the red root wild silkworm beans filtered out,And accurate high ridge mixed seeding companion planting in proportion,It is sowed in conjunction with special plastics Small plastic shed sunshade is taken,Seedling stage shades and manually dials except non-advantage host weeds,Middle and later periods is by carrying out advantage host plant 12 15 trimmings,Coordinate light transmittance and parasitism to realize,And the fields measure such as reinforce water and fertilizer management,So as to effectively improve red root wild silkworm beans seeding ratio,Shorten the germination and emergence time,Red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth can be broken through and survive technical barrier,And promotes its vigorous fast speed growth and yield positive results,It can realize that medicinal material harvests after 1 year,It is more than 80 180kg per per mu yield fresh quench,Realize red root wild silkworm beans scaled artificial planting,Promote red root wild silkworm beans resources and industrialization that there is realistic meaning.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to a kind of Yunnan rare ethnic drug red root wild silkworm beans { cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchine
Nsis (Lour.) Merr., flax grassland mutation Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.
[Digitalis cochinchinensis Lour.] and southwest cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis
Var.nepalensis (D.Don) Merr } artificial growth method, belong to wild Chinese medicine artificial cultivation technique field.
Background technology：
{ cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. and cochinchina centranthera herb are (former for red root wild silkworm beans
Mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis cochinchinensis
Lour.] } also known as field melasma herb, Bleeding-Stopping Bolus, wild Roots of Vicia Faba, small red medicine, golden cat head etc., belong to Scrophulariaceae flax platymiscium, be Yunnan
The rare anticancer of the national folks such as Miao ethnic group of province, the Yi nationality, distributed over Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou, the Lahu, liver protection, thrombus dissolving folk prescription genunie medicinal materials.The civil use of Yunnan's Ethnic
The cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis that belong in Scrophulariaceae cochinchina centranthera herb of its medicine elementary source of red root wild silkworm beans
(Lour.) Merr., cochinchina centranthera herb (former mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.
[Digitalis cochinchinensis Lour.], southwest cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis var.
Nepalensis (D.Don) Merr, bigflower centranthera root Centranthera grandiflora Benth. and goatweed are black
Capsule [Melasma arvense (Benth.) Hand.-Mazz.].Red root wild silkworm beans are entered with herb in Yunnan's Ethnic folk medicine
Medicine, it is especially best with root curative effect of being used as medicine.Wherein cochinchina centranthera herb (containing former mutation), southwestern cochinchina centranthera herb and bigflower centranthera root are mainly distributed
In Yunnan Province southern areas, belong to root parasitic plant, and in Yunnan distributed area, habitat conditions is completely overlapped and mixes growth,
It is civil to make the use of red root wild silkworm beans.The main red root wild silkworm beans treatment early stage leukaemia of Yunnan multiple hospitals, tumour, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular
Disease, icteric hepatitis, hepatomegaly, hepatic sclerosis, bruise hinder the diseases such as the stasis of blood swollen, dysmenorrhoea, arthralgia pain due to rheumatism, have and can be developed into treatment
The potentiality of tumour, thrombus dissolving, liver protecting special effect medicine.For a long time, red root wild silkworm beans crude drug source all relies on wild
Plant resources, as the demand in natural medicine market is growing day by day, wild resource is seriously destroyed, and wild resource has been at present
Through basic extinction.
For a long time because not knowing red root Vicia species root parasitic plant, and its root host plant type is not known, less
Understand its advantage host (having no any research report in relation to its parasitic character).In no advantage host seed mixed seeding miscegenation situation
When, seed nature germination rate is extremely low (being less than 0.3%), and could be sprouted up to 25d, gradually dead in 60d after germination and emergence；
Field seedlings band soil ball is transplanted, and such as not by one homologous transplantation of host, then red root wild silkworm beans are also gradually dead due to playing host after 30d
It dies, cannot achieve its seedlings band soil ball artificial graft at all, therefore red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth is always the skill that can not be captured
Art problem.In addition it robs formula in recent years excessively to excavate, fresh quench alreadys exceed 6000 yuan/kilogram at present, in out of stock in spite of rising price, extreme
It is rare, endangered.Urgent need carries out it protection of resources and artificial planting technique research.
By literature search, any related red root wild silkworm beans { cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinen be yet there are no
Sis (Lour.) Merr., cochinchina centranthera herb (former mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.
[Digitalis cochinchinensis Lour.] and southwest cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis
Var. nepalensis (D.Don) Merr } content published of artificial growth correlative study.
Invention content：
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods that can effectively realize red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth, and this method is to sieve
4 kinds of advantage host plants of the red root wild silkworm beans selected, and accurate high ridge mixed seeding companion planting in proportion, in conjunction with taking special plastics small
Arched shed sunshade is sowed, and seedling stage shades and manually dials except non-advantage host weeds, and the middle and later periods to advantage host plant by carrying out 12-
15 trimmings the fields measure such as coordinate light transmittance and parasitism, and reinforce water and fertilizer management, so as to effectively improve to realize
Red root wild silkworm beans seeding ratio shortens the germination and emergence time, can break through red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth and survive technical barrier, and
Promote its vigorous fast speed growth and yield positive results, can realize that medicinal material harvests after 1 year, be more than 80-180kg per per mu yield fresh quench, it is real
Existing red root wild silkworm beans scaled artificial planting.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of method of red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
A. seed collection：
The annual 8-11 parts of ripe red root wild silkworm beans fruits by acquisition, peel off shell after drying, obtain seed and remove impurity
It is spare afterwards.
B. base addressing:
Elevation 800-1600m is selected in Yunnan, precipitation is abundant, foggy area plantation with the humid air.Base selection faces south,
Sandy loam, fertility is better-than-average, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, has water source with ensureing gentle slope or paddy field cultivation.
C. it is mixed with advantage host plant seed：
First by filter out 5 kinds of advantage host plant beach louse grass [Fimbristylis miliaceae (L) Vahl] or broken
Meter Sha Cao [Cyperus iria L.] or two qis float Buddhist grass Fimbristylis dichotoma (L) VahlScirpus
Dichotomus L or flat fringes nutgrass flatsedge (Cyperus compressus Linn.) or the false rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge (Cyperus tuberosus
Rottb), wherein 2 kinds are selected to press 1：1 is mixed or is used alone, then again by selected spare red root open country Broad Bean Seeds and host's kind
Son presses 1：It is sowed in annual 3-5 months after the ratio mixing of 0.7-0.8.
D. site preparation bedding is sowed：
It will rake after the broken upturned soil of ploughing soil, by 10-15m long, wide 1.5m manages case, does 10-15cm high ridges；In every square meter furrow face
On spread fertilizer over the fields into high-quality fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 10-20g the NPK composite fertilizers fine crushing of 2-5kg；Then fertilizer and soil are mixed thoroughly leveling
Whole thin, that mixes is deep-controlled in 10-15cm；Sprinkled profoundly water in furrow face again, done again after water blots it is flat do real furrow face after mixed with seed
Fine earth is sowed；Per square meter bed surface red root open country Broad Bean Seeds 0.2-0.3g, spread after the seed after being mixed is mixed thoroughly with sieving fine earth
It broadcasts.
E. Small plastic shed, shading and field management are taken：
The plastics Small plastic shed of high 30-50cm is taken after having sowed in time, and covers sunshade net, keeps light transmittance 40-60%, just
15 days energy seedlings of reason condition all sprout, and folding removes Small plastic shed after 30-45 days, and dials unless host weeds；Emphasis carries out mole cricket during emergence
With the preventing and controlling of slug, the special efficacy botanical pesticide of prevention mole cricket and slug is selected, is carried out in the way of poison bait or spray
Prevention；It can repeatedly be watered to pour with the nutrition-balanced composite fertilizers of NPK after 1 month after emergence and apply；Red root wild silkworm beans growth period is to water
Point require it is very sensitive, it is especially not drought-resistant also afraid of water to flood, usually to keep 60-80% or so when soil relative hydration to be preferred,
It should pay attention to carrying out field irrigation and drainage work at any time simultaneously.
F. coordinate field light transmittance and parasitism:
Emergence is dialled again after 1 month except non-advantage host weeds；Entire field period repeatedly trims advantage host plant in time, with
Achieve the purpose that coordinating field light transmittance and parasitism, the entire season of growth need to trim 12-15 times, trim advantage host every time
Weeds height is not less than 8cm, pays special attention to that advantage host weeds cannot be cut extremely, ensures advantage host's vigor；It also to note simultaneously
It is intended to that advantage host weeds cannot throughout the growing season be allowed to fall seed, advantage host quantity and light transmittance, Seedling Stage are controlled in coordination
Light transmittance 40-60%, middle and later periods can be kept to keep light transmittance 70-90%. using advantage host
G. it collects seed, medicinal material harvests and Habitat producing：
After fruit subtending leaf becomes seedling jaundice blackening, harvests fruitlet one by one in time and dry and be used as kind, exist to prevent fruit
It goes rotten on tree, influences kind of a use；The more 1-2 of red root wild silkworm beans can receive digging, especially best with root with all herbal medicine, generally with top
Start to harvest when 20 days overground parts are complete withered and yellow after blossom fall, whole strain dug out, cut from reed head, after aerial part cauline leaf segment and
When dry or low temperature drying, root directly steeps in wine (water) or dries spare after trembling net silt particle, cauline leaf and root pay attention to be washed with water,
It is lost to prevent a large amount of water-soluble active ingredients.
The invention has the advantages that by using 4 kinds of advantage host plants of the red root wild silkworm beans filtered out will be studied, and press
The accurate high ridge mixed seeding companion planting of ratio, in conjunction with taking special plastics Small plastic shed sunshade to sow, seedling stage shades and manually dials except non-advantage
Host weeds, middle and later periods carry out advantage host plant by carrying out 12-15 trimming, coordinate light transmittance and parasitism to realize
Relationship, and reinforce water and fertilizer management etc. fields measure shortens germination and emergence so as to effectively improve red root wild silkworm beans seeding ratio
Time can break through red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth and survive technical barrier, and promote its vigorous fast speed growth and yield positive results, and one
Nian Houneng realizes medicinal material harvesting, is more than 80-180kg per per mu yield fresh quench, realizes red root wild silkworm beans scaled artificial planting.The present invention
Belong to for the first time to the achievement in research of red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth supporting technology, the technology of the present invention method is simple, and cost is relatively low, is convenient for
Operation is suitable for actual production popularization and application.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 red root wild silkworm beans artificial growths base test control group state.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical solution more clearly, present invention specific example is to red root wild silkworm beans { Hu
Fiber crops grass Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr., cochinchina centranthera herb (former mutation) Centranthera
Cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis cochinchinensis Lour.] and southwestern cochinchina centranthera herb
Centranthera cochinchinensis var.nepalensis (D.Don) Merr } wild habitat and accompanying plant tune
Look into, advantage host screening, the research process of the technologies such as field light transmission and parasitism regulation and control and crop field man-made chamber photo etc. into
It has gone sufficient explanation, to prove the correctness of this achievement in research, but has not illustrated that the present invention is only limited the use of in this embodiment.
{ (original becomes red root wild silkworm beans for cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr., cochinchina centranthera herb
Kind) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis cochinchinensis Lour. and
Southwestern cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis var. nepalensis (D.Don) Merr] } wild habitat and
Accompanying plant Variety investigation
This project team member had chosen respectively in 2014 to 2015 the white rock foot in the townshiies Xin Jie of Hekou, Yunnan Province county, the counties Ping Bian and
Pingxiang yamase Hou Cun, sample prescription is set with shielding side and Pingxiang Xin Zhai, four, Malipo country ironworks township ironworks wild stocks integrated distribution,
It is lived in groups for 1 sample with 1,4 samples are arranged altogether, according to the difference of its microhabitat difference and plant growth density, each
5 2m × 2m subquadrats of arrangement of sample plot, totally 20 subquadrats, have carried out habitat and accompanying plant Variety investigation respectively.
Result of study is found：Cochinchina centranthera herb, the mutation of flax grassland, southwestern cochinchina centranthera herb and bigflower centranthera root habitat are almost the same,
And the mixed life of 4 kinds of plants, it is mainly grown in the foggy shrub sod grass slope of 1400-1800m tropical and subtropical zones warm and moist above sea level,
And its distribution is very narrow, 4 Proterozoics of investigation all belong to cogongrass, Huang Mao, lophatherum gracile, Radix Osbeckia Crinitae, fern, hirsute gonostegia herb with root and
The pure careless slope (foot of the hill and mountain top are not distributed) of halfway up the hill based on sedge, and distributed area is in the seas 1400-1700m
It dials, hayashishita distribution-free；Its accompanying plant has more than a 30 kinds of draft, mainly grass (cogongrass, Huang Mao, lophatherum gracile), towards day
Tank, fern (wealthy squama shield-fern, dryopteris crassirhizoma, cloudy stone fern, phoenix-tail fern, Stenoloma chusana, ciliate desert-grass, venushair fern, white melitot, Selaginella tamariscina
Deng), hirsute gonostegia herb with root and Cyperaceae (difformed galingale herb, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, nutgrass flatsedge, kyllinga brevifolia, the false rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, beach louse grass, cyperus iria, Liang Qi
Float Buddhist grass), occasionally there are the undershrubs such as Coriaria sinica, the bubble that transplants seedlings, the fruit of Cherokee rose scattered in careless slope in habitat；Through excavating red root wild silkworm beans, hair
It is existing its with a variety of grass family (lophatherum gracile, cogongrass, Huang Mao etc.), (beach louse grass, cyperus iria, flat fringe nutgrass flatsedge, Liang Qi's Cyperaceae float Buddhist
Grass) plant roots such as plant have apparent wrapping phenomena, and root system is interweaved, and bigflower centranthera root and black capsule are equal at matting of roots
A large amount of suckers are had, illustrate that red root wild silkworm beans are to belong to root parasitic plant.Concrete outcome is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 red root wild silkworm beans { cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. and cochinchina centranthera herb
(former mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis cochinchinensis
Lour.] } wild habitat and accompanying plant Variety investigation
It is found by logical he result of investigation：Red root wild silkworm beans { cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis
(Lour.) Merr. and cochinchina centranthera herb (former mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.
[Digitalis cochinchinensis Lour.] } and bigflower centranthera root Centranthera grandiflora Benth
With a variety of grass family, Cyperaceae, pteridophyte association, and have obviously with number of types of grass family, sedge root
Wrapping phenomena, red root wild silkworm beans and bigflower centranthera root have a large amount of suckers at matting of roots, and estimation red root wild silkworm beans are { recklessly
Fiber crops grass Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. and cochinchina centranthera herb (former mutation) Centranthera
Cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis cochinchinensis Lour.] } and bigflower centranthera root
Centranthera grandiflora Benth, black capsule Melasma arvense (Benth.) Hand.-Mazz. are to belong to root
Portion parasitic plant.
{ cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. and cochinchina centranthera herb are (former for red root wild silkworm beans
Mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis cochinchinensis
Lour. the screening study (seedling companion planting experiment) of parasitic plant] }
2013 in agricultural college of Kunming University greenhouse, select red root wild silkworm beans tissue-cultured seedling that this room cultivates respectively with it is selected
27 kinds of accompanying plants carry out pot experiment, often processing sets 3 repetitions, each to repeat 10 basins of field planting, and setting blank (is only colonized
Bigflower centranthera root is not colonized accompanying plant) during pass through the growth and development situation for observing red root wild silkworm beans and later stage root is parasitic
Situation analysis.Experiment takes 1 plant of red root wild silkworm beans tissue-cultured seedling to be colonized in basin center, and periphery plants 3 plants of accompanying plants and carries out, after field planting
The Small plastic shed being placed in greenhouse is cultivated, and the growth and development situation of red root wild silkworm beans is during which observed, and root is observed after 6 months and is posted
It is raw.Result of study shows：Red root Vicia species root parasitic plant, when no host plant or incorrect host plant, red root
Wild silkworm beans tissue-cultured seedling is unable to normal growth, and gradually dead；Red root wild silkworm beans tissue-cultured seedling with sedge (crack rice by beach louse grass
Nutgrass flatsedge, Liang Qi float Buddhist grass, flat fringe nutgrass flatsedge, nutgrass flatsedge, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, false rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge etc.), graminaceous plant it is (lophatherum gracile, cogongrass, Huang Mao, double
Fringe ditch millet etc.) companion planting energy survival and growth, illustrate that bigflower centranthera root category broad spectrum activity parasitic plant, host plant may belong to Cyperaceae
Plant and grass；Red root wild silkworm beans carry out mixing potting from different accompanying plants, when accompanying plant difference, life
There are significant differences for long development, and when wherein beach louse grass and cyperus iria growth make host, the growth of red root wild silkworm beans is best, and significantly
Better than other processing, there is apparent winding in root, and sucker is apparent, and performance preferably two qis float Buddhist grass, flat fringe nutgrass flatsedge and henon bamboo
There are well apparent winding in three kinds of hosts of leaf, root, and sucker is apparent, illustrate that this 5 kinds of plants are the advantage hosts of red root wild silkworm beans.
Table 2 red root wild silkworm beans { cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. and cochinchina centranthera herb
(former mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis cochinchinensis
Lour.] } tissue-cultured seedling and accompanying plant seedling results from pot experiment test
Note：Different letters, is illustrated respectively in P in same row<The significance of difference in 0.05 level；Data are 3 in table
The average repeated；
By being tested above it is found that red root Vicia species broad spectrum activity root parasitic plant, when leaving host plant for a long time,
It is unable to independent growths, host plant mainly belongs to sedge and floats Buddhist with graminaceous plant, beach louse grass, cyperus iria, Liang Qi
5 kinds of plants of careless, flat fringe nutgrass flatsedge and lophatherum gracile may be its advantage host plant.
{ cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. and cochinchina centranthera herb are (former for red root wild silkworm beans
Mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis cochinchinensis
Lour. the] } screening study (seed mixed seeding experiment) of host plant
2 months in 2014, in the big greenhouse of agricultural college of Kunming University, using red root wild silkworm beans seed respectively with it is selected
27 kinds of accompanying plants carry out pot experiment, and seed presses 1 in proportion：0.7 mixed seeding, basin are sowed after sprinkling profoundly water, after planting exist
Basin muzzle white plastic bag moisturizing, during which pays attention to moisturizing and leaks informaton, and polybag is removed after one month and is dialled unless host weeds.It is real
It tests every processing and sets 3 repetitions, it is each to repeat 10 basins of field planting, setting blank (only field planting red root wild silkworm beans, be not colonized accompanying plant)
Period is analyzed by the growth and development situation and later stage root sneak case of observing red root wild silkworm beans.Sowing is placed in greenhouse
Small plastic shed is cultivated, and the growth and development situation of red root wild silkworm beans is during which observed, and is received within 7 months and is dug observation root parasitism.
Result of study shows：Red root Vicia species root parasitic plant, when no host plant or incorrect host plant,
Red root open country Broad Bean Seeds are just sprouted after being needed 20 days in 22 DEG C -24 DEG C of temperature, and Seedling emergence rate is less than 0.5%, and are sprouted
It is gradually dead after hair；When (beach louse grass, cyperus iria, Liang Qi float Buddhist grass, flat fringe Sha for red root wild silkworm beans seed and sedge
Grass, nutgrass flatsedge, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, the false rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge), grass (lophatherum gracile, cogongrass, Huang Mao) mixed seeding when, can realize 7 days and start
Seedling, full stand when can reach for 15 days or so, emergence rate can reach 10% or more, illustrate red root Vicia species broad spectrum activity parasitic plant,
Its host plant may belong to sedge and grass, and host's seed can remarkably promote its seed and sprout and seedling life
It is long；Red root open country Broad Bean Seeds and different accompanying plant seeds carry out mixing potting, and when accompanying plant difference, its growth and development is deposited
In significant difference, when wherein beach louse grass and cyperus iria growth make host, the growth of red root wild silkworm beans is best, and is significantly better than other
Processing, there is apparent winding in root, and sucker is apparent, and float three kinds of Buddhist grass, flat fringe nutgrass flatsedge and lophatherum gracile of performance preferably two qis is posted
Main, there is well apparent winding in root, and sucker is apparent, shows that this five kinds of plants are the advantage host of bigflower centranthera root, seed mixed seeding
Result of study shows almost the same with tissue-cultured seedling potting.
Table 3 red root wild silkworm beans { cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. and cochinchina centranthera herb
(former mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis cochinchinensis
Lour.] } seed and accompanying plant seed results from pot experiment test
Note：Different letters, is illustrated respectively in P in same row<The significance of difference in 0.05 level；Data are 3 in table
The average repeated；
By being tested above it is found that red root Vicia species broad spectrum activity root parasitic plant, when leaving host plant for a long time, plants
Sub- speed of germinating is slow, sprouting emergence rate is low, and basic stopping is grown after sprouting and gradually death, result of study show red root wild silkworm beans
Host plant mainly belong to sedge and float Buddhist grass, flat fringe Sha with graminaceous plant, wherein beach louse grass, cyperus iria, Liang Qi
Grass and 5 kinds of plants of lophatherum gracile are one of its advantage host plants.
{ cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. and cochinchina centranthera herb are (former for red root wild silkworm beans
Mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis cochinchinensis
Lour.] } field production experimental study
With being arranged in after the counties Ping Bian and Pingxiang yamase village's flat slope, base is above sea level for crop field artificial cultivation experiment in 2015
1260m, 16.5 DEG C of year-round average temperature, annual precipitation 1460ml are with the humid air foggy.Plot be on the sunny side, in sandy loam, fertility on
It is convenient Deng, irrigation and drainage, there is water source with ensureing gentle slope, it is preceding to be used as corn.7 processing of experiment setting, mainly with red root open country Broad Bean Seeds
1 is pressed from different host plant seeds：0.7 ratio carries out mixed seeding, and experiment is designed by randomized block experiment, and each processing is set
Set time repetition, plot area furrow face clear span 1.0M, long 10m.
Each processing sowing time, land preparation mode, apply Amount of Base Fertilizer, seeding method, broadcast after water and fertilizer management it is identical, all adopt
Take following operating technology：It will rake after the broken upturned soil of ploughing soil at the beginning of (1) 2 month, by 10-15m long, wide 1.2m manages case, does 15cm high ridges,
It spreads fertilizer over the fields into high-quality fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 20g the NPK composite fertilizers fine crushing of 5kg per square meter in furrow face, then mixes fertilizer and soil
Neat and well spaced smooth thin, that mixes is deep-controlled in 10-15cm；(2) it is sprinkled profoundly water in furrow face, flattens that attenuate case flat after water blots, so
Seed is mixed into fine earth sowing, per square meter bed surface red root wild silkworm beans 0.2-0.3g, the different host plant seeds after being mixed afterwards
It is broadcasted sowing after being mixed thoroughly with sieving fine earth；(3) the plastics Small plastic shed of high 30-50cm is taken after having sowed in time, and covers sunshade net, is kept
Light transmittance 40-60% goes folding to remove Small plastic shed after 30-45 days, emphasis carries out the preventing and controlling of mole cricket and slug during emergence, emergence
It is watered with the nutrition-balanced composite fertilizers of NPK to pour to apply after 45d and makees top dressing for 3 times, 60-80% when growth period keeps soil relative hydration
Left and right pays attention to carrying out field irrigation and drainage work at any time；(4) artificial dial removes non-advantage host weeds again after emerging 1 month, entire big
The field phase trims advantage host weeds in time, and the usually entire season of growth need to trim 12 times, trim advantage host's weeds height every time
Not less than 8cm, pays special attention to advantage host weeds cannot be cut extremely, be fallen cannot throughout the growing season allow advantage host weeds
Seed controls advantage host's quantity.
Result of study shows：1 is pressed using the seed of advantage host plant beach louse grass and cyperus iria：1 is mixed, and then again will
Selected spare bigflower centranthera root presses 1 with host's seed：The processing yield highest of 0.7-0.8 and it is significantly higher than other processing,
270d biological yields are 260.4kg/ mus, and fresh quench yield is 68.6kg/ mus, and overall performance emergence is fast in growth, and growth is rapid,
Grow vigorous, leaf color is dark green, and cane is sturdy, has a small amount of branch, plant part to yield positive results, well developed root system is sturdy.Overall yield
It is significantly higher than other processing；Secondly it is well-grown processing be beach louse grass or cyperus iria respectively with bigflower centranthera root seed by
0.7：1 carries out the processing of mixed seeding, and biological yield distinguishes 202.2kg/ mus and 210.8kg/ mus, and fresh quench yield distinguishes 50.8kg/
Mu and you 2.4 kg/ mu, difference between the two is not notable, crop field plant strain overall performance be growth it is more vigorous, leaf color is dark green, stem
Bar is sturdy, has a small amount of branch, has part to yield positive results, and well developed root system is more sturdy；It is that two qis float Buddhist respectively that it is in third position, which is,
Careless, flat fringe nutgrass flatsedge and nutgrass flatsedge, overall performance plant strain growth is poor, and leaf color is light, and cane is thinner, no branch, without the plant that blooms, root
It is less and thin, yield is relatively low；It is lophatherum gracile to grow worst, and Zheng Ti Lu are now grown very slowly, and yield is minimum.
The different host plants of table 4 are to red root wild silkworm beans { cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.)
Merr. with cochinchina centranthera herb (former mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis
Cochinchinensis Lour.] } influence of field production
Note：Different letters, is illustrated respectively in P in same row<The significance of difference in 0.05 level；Data are 3 in table
The average of a repetition；
The research of red root wild silkworm beans field light transmittance and parasitism coordinated measure
In order to coordinate red root wild silkworm beans field light transmittance and parasitic relationship, this research is wild by the way that different red roots is arranged
(beach louse grass and cyperus iria seed press 1 to broad bean with advantage host：1 is mixed use) seed Bromus inermis and field growth period be different
Light transmission efficiency carry out field trial, and combine the growth and development of red root wild silkworm beans and yield are observed, concrete outcome is shown in
Table 5.Experiment setting is as follows:
Processing 1：Red root wild silkworm beans press 1 with host's seed：1 mixed seeding, middle and later periods only remove non-host weeds, without trimming
Host plant；I.e.：Sowing 1：1+ light transmittance early period 20-30%+ middle and later periods light transmittances 20-30%
Processing 2：Red root wild silkworm beans press 1 with host's seed：1 mixed seeding, growth period remove non-host weeds, middle and later periods at any time
Trim host plant 6-8 times；I.e.：Sowing 1：1+ light transmittance early period 20-30%+ middle and later periods light transmittances 40-50%
Processing 3：Red root wild silkworm beans press 1 with host's seed：1 mixed seeding, growth period remove non-host weeds, middle and later periods at any time
Trim host plant 12-15 times；I.e.：Sowing 1：1+ light transmittance early period 20-30%+ middle and later periods light transmittances 50-60%
Processing 4：Red root wild silkworm beans press 1 with host's seed：1.2 mixed seeding, growth period remove non-host weeds at any time, in after
Phase trims host plant 6-8 times；I.e.：Sowing 1：1.2+ light transmittance early period 20-30%+ middle and later periods light transmittances 10-20%
Processing 5：Red root wild silkworm beans press 1 with host's seed：1.2 mixed seeding, growth period remove non-host weeds at any time, in after
Phase trims host plant 12-15 times；I.e.：Sowing 1：1.2+ light transmittance early period 20-40%+ middle and later periods light transmittances 30-40%
Processing 6：Red root wild silkworm beans press 1 with host's seed：0.7 mixed seeding, growth period remove non-host weeds at any time, in after
Phase trims host plant 6-8 times；I.e.：Sowing 1：0.7+ light transmittance early period 20-30%+ middle and later periods light transmittances 50-60%
Processing 7：Red root wild silkworm beans press 1 with host's seed：Non- host weeds are removed in 0.7 mixed seeding for after planting 1 month, in after
Phase trims host plant 12-15 times；I.e.：Sowing 1：0.7+ light transmittance early period 20-40%+ middle and later periods light transmittances 70-80%.
By using the different Bromus inermis of host plant and red root wild silkworm beans, in conjunction with the middle and later periods to advantage host not homogeneous
Several trimmings realizes that coordinating red root wild silkworm beans field light transmittance and parasitism, result of study shows：Take host plant with it is red
Root wild silkworm beans 0.7-1.2：1 mode mixed seeding, sow 45gd before growth of seedling respectively processing between without significant difference, and all grow compared with
Good, field light transmittance 20-40% is more suitable；After 45d, red root wild silkworm beans growth differences are notable between each processing, planted from 90d
Strain observation index, 270d biological yields and fresh quench yield can be seen that significant difference between each processing, and growing state processing 7 is best,
Its every observation index is significantly higher than other processing, and each growing state that handles is 5 ＞ of processing 7 ＞, 6 ＞, 3 ＞, 2 ＞, 4 ＞ 1.
Trimming of 5 host plant of table from the different Bromus inermis of red root wild silkworm beans and to advantage host regulates and controls to red root wild silkworm
The influence of beans growth and development
Note：1, letter different in same row, is illustrated respectively in P<The significance of difference in 0.05 level；Data are in table
The average of 3 repetitions；Biological yield and fresh quench yield are that after sowing 270 days, 5 square meters are harvested per cell, often handle 3 weights
It is multiple, and it is converted to per unit area yield.
Shown by testing above：By the red root open country Broad Bean Seeds chosen and advantage host plant seed by 1： 0.7-
0.8 ratio is mixed, and emergence 30d removes Small plastic shed and artificial dial is combined to remove non-advantage host weeds again；45d is opened again later
Begin to carry out the trimming to host plant 12-15 time, pays attention to that the growth with red root wild silkworm beans gradually increases frequency, you can realization is assisted
The parasitism and field light transmittance mixed up, enables the middle and late growth stage field light transmittance to be maintained at 70-90%, during which combines other
Field management measure can be achieved with the quick vigorous growth of red root wild silkworm beans, can be harvested after 1 year.
Red root wild silkworm beans and 5 kinds of (2 kinds of the advantage host plant mixed seeding companion plantings filtered out are utilized the present invention provides a kind of
It is used alone or in combination), growth period by carrying out trimming regulation and control to advantage host plant, realizes the parasitism coordinated
It can reach seed maturity and excavation for the year in conjunction with the cultivation technique measure management to match is taken with the target of field light transmittance,
Realize the artificial efficient plantation of red root wild silkworm beans.In the protection rare ethnic drug of the genuine rare anticancer thrombus dissolving liver protection folk prescription in Yunnan
Red root wild silkworm beans wild resource realizes that the cultivation of its large-scale artificial has realistic meaning.
Yunnan red root wild silkworm beans of the present invention cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.,
Cochinchina centranthera herb (former mutation) Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. [Digitalis
Cochinchinensis Lour.] and southwest cochinchina centranthera herb Centranthera cochinchinensis var.nepalensis
(D.Don) Merr } artificial growth method, this method can effectively improve red root wild silkworm beans seeding ratio, shorten germination and emergence
Time can break through red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth and survive and vigorous growth and yield positive results, and can realize that medicinal material harvests after 1 year, often
Per mu yield fresh quench is more than 80-180kg.This realizes manual scale planting, promotes Yunnan for protecting wild red root wild silkworm beans resource
Rare anticancer liver protection thrombus dissolving folk prescription ethnic drug red root wild silkworm beans resources and industrialization have realistic meaning.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method of red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
A. seed collection：
It is spare to shell shell taking-up seed removal impurity the annual 8-11 months by the ripe red root wild silkworm beans fruit of acquisition, after drying；
B. base addressing:
Elevation 800-1600m is selected in Yunnan, precipitation is abundant, foggy area plantation with the humid air；Base selection faces south, sandy loam
Soil, fertility is better-than-average, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, with having the gentle slope of water source guarantee or paddy field cultivation；
C. it is mixed with advantage host plant seed：
By the red root open country Broad Bean Seeds chosen and advantage host plant seed by 1：After the ratio mixing of 0.7-0.8, in annual
3-5 months are sowed；The advantage host plant wherein filtered out be beach louse grass [Fimbristylis miliaceae (L) Vahl] or
Cyperus iria [Cyperus iria L.] or two qis float Buddhist grass Fimbristylis dichotoma (L) VahlScirpus
Dichotomus L or flat fringes nutgrass flatsedge (Cyperus compressus Linn.) or the false rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge (Cyperus tuberosus
Rottb), selection two kinds of seeds of any of which press 1：1 is mixed or is used alone；
D. site preparation bedding is sowed：
Ploughing soil harrow broken is flattened, by 10-15m long, wide 1.5m manages moisture in the soil, does 10-15cm high ridges；Spread fertilizer over the fields on per square meter furrow face into
High-quality fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 10-20g the NPK composite fertilizers fine crushing of 2-5kg；Then it is whole thin fertilizer and soil to be mixed thoroughly leveling, mixes fertilizer
It is deep-controlled in 10-15cm；Sprinkled profoundly water in furrow face again, done again after water blots it is flat do real furrow face after, mix fine earth with seed and broadcast
Kind；Per square meter bed surface red root open country Broad Bean Seeds 0.2-0.3g, broadcasted sowing after the seed after being mixed is mixed thoroughly with sieving fine earth；
E. Small plastic shed, shading and field management are taken：
The plastics Small plastic shed of high 30-50cm is taken after having sowed in time, and covers sunshade net, keeps light transmittance 30-40%, 15 days energy
Seedling all sprouts, and Small plastic shed is removed after 30-45 days, and dial unless host weeds；Emphasis carries out the prevention of mole cricket and slug during emergence
The special efficacy botanical pesticide of prevention mole cricket and slug is selected in work, is prevented in the way of poison bait or spray；1 after emergence
It can repeatedly be watered to pour with the nutrition-balanced composite fertilizers of NPK after a month and apply；Red root wild silkworm beans growth period is very quick to moisture requirement
Sense, it is especially not drought-resistant also afraid of water to flood, usually to keep 60-80% or so when soil relative hydration to be preferred, while should note at any time
Meaning carries out field irrigation and drainage work；
F. coordinate field light transmittance and parasitism:
Emergence manually dials after 1 month and removes non-advantage host weeds again；Entire field period repeatedly trims advantage host plant in time,
To achieve the purpose that coordinating field light transmittance and parasitism, the entire season of growth need to trim 12-15 times, each trimming advantage is posted
Main weeds height is not less than 8cm, pays special attention to that advantage host weeds cannot be cut extremely, ensures advantage host's vigor；It also wants simultaneously
Pay attention to that advantage host weeds cannot throughout the growing season allowed to fall seed, advantage host quantity and light transmittance, seedling are controlled in coordination
Phase can keep light transmittance 40-60%, middle and later periods to keep light transmittance 70-90% using advantage host；
G. it collects seed, medicinal material harvests and Habitat producing：
After fruit subtending leaf becomes seedling jaundice blackening, harvests fruitlet one by one in time and dry and be used as kind, in the tree to prevent fruit
It goes rotten, influences kind of a use；The more 1-2 of red root wild silkworm beans can receive digging, especially best with root with all herbal medicine, generally be thanked with poppyhead
Start to harvest when 20 days overground parts are incomplete withered and yellow afterwards, whole strain is dug out, cuts from reed head, shone in time after aerial part cauline leaf segment
Dry or low temperature drying, root directly steep in wine (water) or dry spare after trembling net silt particle, cauline leaf and root pay attention to be washed with water, to prevent big
Measure water-soluble active ingredient loss.
2. the method for red root wild silkworm beans artificial growth according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in above-mentioned steps：By red root
The 5 kinds of advantage host plant beach louse grass [Fimbristylis miliaceae (L) Vahl] or cyperus iria of wild silkworm beans
[Cyperus iria L.] or two qis float Buddhist grass Fimbristylis dichotoma (L) VahlScirpus dichotomus
The kind of L or flat fringes nutgrass flatsedge [Cyperus compressus Linn.] or the false rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge (Cyperus tuberosus Rottb)
Son selects two kinds of seeds of any of which to press 1：1 is mixed into host's seed (or exclusive use), then again that selected spare red root is wild
Broad Bean Seeds press 1 with host's seed：The ratio of 0.7-0.8 mixes, and per square meter red root open country Broad Bean Seeds 0.2-0.3g, takes height
The Small plastic shed band shading 40%-60% sowings of furrow plastics；Removed after 1 month it is small dial for canopy and manually except non-advantage host weeds, in
Later stage by repeatedly being trimmed to advantage host plant, achievees the purpose that coordinate field light transmittance and parasitism, ensure saturating
Light rate 40-80% is gradually increased, and is during which ensured advantage host's vigor, is coordinated parasitism, carry out field routine rich water and disease
Cordyceps sinensis evil management.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106718071A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-31 | 云南飞熊农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of broad bean ganoderma lucidum |
| CN111373900A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-07 | 韩永苗 | Breeding method of cyperus esculentus by cold induction technology |
| CN112913616A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 罗充 | Efficient seedling raising method for broad beans with red roots |
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| CN104705187A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-06-17 | 马关壮达农业科技有限公司 | Centranthera grandiflora tissue culture method |
| CN105766357A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-07-20 | 广西玉林市农友中草药种植有限公司 | Culturing technique of striga asiatica |
| CN106718071A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-31 | 云南飞熊农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of broad bean ganoderma lucidum |
| CN106961946A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-21 | 红河道地中药材开发有限公司 | Bigflower centranthera root implantation methods |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104705187A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-06-17 | 马关壮达农业科技有限公司 | Centranthera grandiflora tissue culture method |
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| CN106718071A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-31 | 云南飞熊农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of broad bean ganoderma lucidum |
| CN106961946A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-21 | 红河道地中药材开发有限公司 | Bigflower centranthera root implantation methods |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106718071A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-31 | 云南飞熊农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of broad bean ganoderma lucidum |
| CN111373900A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-07 | 韩永苗 | Breeding method of cyperus esculentus by cold induction technology |
| CN112913616A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 罗充 | Efficient seedling raising method for broad beans with red roots |
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