CN108310360A - 一种治疗低血压的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗低血压的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108310360A
CN108310360A CN201810470992.2A CN201810470992A CN108310360A CN 108310360 A CN108310360 A CN 108310360A CN 201810470992 A CN201810470992 A CN 201810470992A CN 108310360 A CN108310360 A CN 108310360A
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陈爱民
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗低血压的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由人参、桂枝、麦冬、五味子、茯苓、补骨脂、枸杞子、黄精、黄芪、陈皮、巴戟天、干姜、川芎、当归、龙眼肉、红花、白术、葛根、柴胡、升麻、酸枣仁、紫河车、山萸肉、甘草、鹿角胶按一定重量配比制备而成。本发明药物具有大补元气、固脱生津、补肝肾、补肾助阳、补气血的功能,用于治疗低血压见效快、疗效好,不复发。

Description

一种治疗低血压的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗低血压的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
技术背景
低血压是指体循环动脉压力低于正常的状态。由于高血压在临床上常常引起心、脑、肾等重要脏器的损害而备受重视,世界卫生组织也对高血压的诊断标准有明确规定,但低血压的诊断尚无统一标准。一般认为成年人上肢动脉血压低于12/8 kPa(90/60mmHg)即为低血压。中医则认为低血压与气血亏虚、气阴两虚、肝肾不足、心肾阳虚。肾精不足有关。由于西药治疗副作用大,因此人们对有效治疗低血压的中药药物存在极大的需求,至今为止,还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人在家传医方的基础上,又经过临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有效治疗低血压的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗低血压的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明是选择人参、桂枝、麦冬、五味子、茯苓、补骨脂、枸杞子、黄精、黄芪、陈皮、巴戟天、干姜、川芎、当归、龙眼肉、红花、白术、葛根、柴胡、升麻、酸枣仁、紫河车、山萸肉、甘草、鹿角胶、半夏、麻黄、生地黄药物进行组合制备的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗低血压。其中,选用人参是因为其性味甘微甘,温,入脾、肺经,有大补元气,固脱生津,安神的功能,治劳伤虚损,食少,倦怠,反胃吐食,大便滑泄,虚咳喘促,自汗暴脱,惊悸,健忘,眩晕头痛,阳萎,尿频,消渴,妇女崩漏,小儿慢惊及久虚不复,一切气血津液不足之症。选用桂枝是因为其性味辛甘,温,入膀胱、心、肺经,有发汗解肌,温经通脉的功能,治风寒表证,肩背肢节酸疼,胸痹痰饮,经闭癥瘕。选用麦冬是因为其性味甘微苦,寒,入肺、胃、心经,有养阴润肺,清心除烦,益胃生津的功能,治肺燥干咳,吐血,咯血,肺痿,肺痈,虚劳烦热,清渴,热病津伤,咽干口燥,便秘。选用五味子是因为其性味酸,温,入肺、肾经,有敛肺,滋肾,生津,收汗,涩精的功能,治肺虚喘咳,口干作渴,自汗,盗汗,劳伤羸瘦,梦遗滑精,久泻久痢。选用茯苓是因为其性味甘淡,平,入心、脾、肺经,有渗湿利水,益脾和胃,宁心安神的功能,治小便不利水肿胀痛,痰饮咳逆,呕哕,泄泻,遗精,淋浊,惊悸,健忘。补骨脂是因为其性味辛,温。入肾经。补肾助阳。治肾虚冷泻,遗尿,滑精,小便频数,阳瘘,腰膝冷痛,虚寒喘嗽。选用枸杞子是因为其性味甘,平,有滋肾,润肺,补肝,明目的功能,治肝肾阴亏,腰膝酸软,头晕目眩,目昏多泪,虚劳咳嗽,消渴,遗精。选用黄精是因为其性味甘平,入脾、肺、肾经,有补中益气,润心肺,强筋骨的功能,治虚损寒热,肺痨咳血,病后体虚食少,筋骨软弱,风湿疼痛,风癞癣疾。选用黄芪是因为其性味甘,微温,入肺、脾经,生用有益卫固表,利水消肿,托毒,生肌的功能,治自汗,盗汗,血痹,浮肿,痈疽不溃或溃久敛;炙用有补中益的功能,治内伤劳倦,脾虚泄泻,脱肛,气虚血脱,崩带及一切气衰血虚之症。选用陈皮是因为其性味苦、辛,温,归肺、脾经,有理气健脾,燥湿化痰的功能,治胸脘胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。选用巴戟天是因为其性味辛甘,温,入肝、肾经,有补肾阳,壮筋骨,祛风湿的功能,治阳痿,少腹冷痛,小便不禁,子宫虚冷,风寒湿痹,腰膝酸痛。选用干姜是因为其性味辛,热,入脾、胃、肺经,有温中逐寒,回阳通脉的功能,治心腹冷痛,吐泻,肢冷脉微,寒饮喘咳,风寒湿痹,阳虚吐、衄、下血。选用川芎是因为其性味辛,温,入肝、胆经,有行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛的功能,治风冷头痛旋晕,胁痛腹疼,寒痹筋挛,经闭,难产,产后瘀阻块痛,痈疽疮疡。选用当归是因为其性味甘辛,温,入心、肝、脾经,有补血和血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠的功能,治月经不调,经闭腹痛,癥瘕结聚,崩漏,血虚头痛,眩晕,痿痹,肠燥难便,赤痢后重,痈疽疮疡,金疮,跌扑损伤。选用龙眼肉是因为其性味甘,温,入心、脾经,有益心脾,补气血,安神的功能,治虚功羸弱,失眠,健忘,惊悸,怔仲。选用红花是因为其性味辛,温,入心、肝经,有活血通经,去瘀止痛的功能,治经闭,癥瘕,难产,死胎,产后恶露不行,瘀血作痛,痈肿,跌扑损伤。选用白术是因为其性味苦甘,温,入脾、胃经,有补脾,益胃,燥湿,和中的功能,治脾胃气弱,不思饮食,倦怠少气,虚胀,泄泻,痰饮,水肿,黄疸,湿痹,小便不利,头晕,自汗,胎气不安。选用葛根是因为其性味甘辛,平,入脾、胃经,有升阳解肌,透疹止泻,除烦止喝的功能,治伤寒,治伤寒,温热头痛项强,烦热消渴,泄泻,痢疾,癍疹不透,高血压,心绞痛,耳聋。选用柴胡是因为其性味苦,凉,入肝、胆经,有和解表里,疏肝,升阳的功能,治寒热往来,胸满胁痛,口苦耳聋,头痛目眩,疟疾,下利脱肛,月经不调,子宫下垂。选用升麻是因为其性味甘辛微苦,凉,入肺、脾、胃经,有升阳,发表,透疹,解毒的功能,治时气疫劳,头痛寒热,喉痛,口疮疤,斑疹不透,中气下陷,久泻久痢,脱肛,妇女崩带,子宫下坠,痈肿疮毒。选用酸枣仁是因为其性味甘,平,入心、脾、肝、胆经,有养肝,宁心,安神,敛汗的功能,治虚烦不眠,惊悸怔忡,烦渴,虚汗。选用紫河车是因为其性味甘咸,温,入肺、肝、肾经,有补气,养血,益精的功能,治虚损,羸瘦,劳热骨蒸,咳喘,咯血,盗汗,遗精,阳痿,妇女血气不足,不孕或乳少。选用山萸肉是因为其性味酸,微温,有补肝肾,涩精气的功能,治阳萎,遗精,肝虚寒热,心摇脉散。选用甘草是因为其性味甘平,入脾、胃、肺经,有和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药的功能,炙用治脾胃虚弱,食少,腹痛便溏,劳倦发热,肺痿咳嗽,心悸,惊痈,生用治咽喉肿痛,消化性溃疡,痈疽疮疡,解药毒及食物中毒。选用鹿角胶是因为其性味甘咸,温,入肝、肾经,有补血,益精的功能,治肾气不足,虚劳羸瘦,腰痛,阴疽,男子阳痿、滑精,妇女子宫虚冷,崩漏,带下。选用半夏是因为其性味辛,温,有毒,入脾、胃经,有燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结的功能,治湿痰冷饮,呕吐,反胃,咳喘痰多,胸膈胀满,痰厥头痛,头晕不眠,外消痈肿。选用麻黄是因为其性味辛苦,温,入肺、膀胱经,有发汗,平喘,利水的功能,治伤寒表实,发热恶寒无汗、头痛鼻塞、骨节疼痛,咳嗽气喘,风水浮肿,小便不利,风邪顽痹,皮肤不仁,风疹瘙痒。选用生地黄是因为其性味甘,寒,归心、肝、肾经,有清热凉血,养阴,生津的功能,治热病烦渴,阴虚内热,骨蒸劳热,内热消渴,吐血,衄血,发斑发疹。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效:
人参15-20克、桂枝7-12克、麦冬5-15克、五味子10-15克、茯苓10-20克、补骨脂10-15克、枸杞子5-15克、黄精5-10克、黄芪10-20克、陈皮10-20克、巴戟天5-15克、干姜10-15克、川芎10-20克、当归10-15克、龙眼肉10-20克、红花5-10克、白术5-15克、葛根10-20克、柴胡5-15克、升麻5-10克、酸枣仁10-20克、紫河车10-15克、山萸肉5-15克、甘草10-20克、鹿角胶5-10克、半夏3-9克、麻黄3-9克、生地黄5-10克。
优选为:
人参18克、桂枝9克、麦冬10克、五味子12克、茯苓15克、补骨脂12克、枸杞子10克、黄精8克、黄芪15克、陈皮15克、巴戟天10克、干姜12克、川芎15克、当归12克、龙眼肉15克、红花8克、白术10克、葛根15克、柴胡10克、升麻8克、酸枣仁15克、紫河车12克、山萸肉10克、甘草15克、鹿角胶8克、半夏6克、麻黄6克、生地黄8克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、人参:除去芦头,切段;
2、桂枝:用水稍浸泡,捞出,闷润至透,切片,晾干,筛去屑;
3、麦冬:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后抽去心,再洗净晒干;
4、五味子:筛去灰屑,除去杂质,置蒸笼内蒸透,取出晒干;
5、茯苓:用水浸泡,洗净捞出,闷透后,切片,晒干;
6、补骨脂:簸尽杂质,洗净,晒干;
7、枸杞子:簸净杂质,摘去残留的梗和蒂;
8、黄精:洗净泥土,略润,切片,晒干;
9、黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大者,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
10、陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
11、巴戟天:拣去杂质,用热水泡透后,趁热抽去木心,切段,晒干;
12、干姜:拣净杂质,用水浸泡3—6小时,捞出,闷润后切片或切成小方块,晒干;
13、川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
14、当归:拣去杂质,洗净,闷润,稍晾至内外湿度适宜时,切片晒干;
15、龙眼肉:取原药材,除去杂质;
16、红花:拣净杂质,除去茎叶、蒂头,晒干;
17、白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
18、葛根:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,及时切片,晒干;
19、柴胡:拣去杂质,除去残茎,洗净泥沙,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
20、升麻:拣去杂质,略泡洗净,捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
21、酸枣仁:原药放入竹箩内,沉入清水缸中,使仁浮在水面,壳沉水底,将刺仁捞出,晒干;
22、紫河车:用新鲜的紫河车,横直割开血管,用水反复洗漂干净;
23、山萸肉:洗净,除去果核及杂质,晒干;
24、甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透,切片,凉干;
25、鹿角胶:取原药材,除去杂质,用时捣碎或研粉;
26、半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
27、麻黄:拣去杂质,去尽木质茎及残根,用水洗净,微润后切段,干燥即得;
28、生地黄:取原药材,除去杂质,洗净,稍润,切厚片,干燥,筛去碎屑。
二、制备
1、将所述重量的人参、桂枝、麦冬、五味子、茯苓、补骨脂、枸杞子、黄精、黄芪、陈皮、巴戟天、干姜、川芎、当归、龙眼肉、红花、白术、葛根、柴胡、升麻、酸枣仁、紫河车、山萸肉、甘草、鹿角胶、半夏、麻黄、生地黄放入煎药容器内,加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
2、将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为3剂服用。
组方中人参大补元气,固脱生津,安神,五味子有敛肺,滋肾,生津,收汗,涩精的功能二者为君药;补骨脂补肾助阳,黄精有补中益气,润心肺的功能,与桂枝、麦冬、茯苓、枸杞子为臣药,八味药共同发挥大补元气、固脱生津、滋肾、补肾助阳、补中益气、润心肺的作用,治疗低血压效力全面,且以大补元气、固脱生津、滋肾、补肾助阳为主,可治本;龙眼肉有益心脾,补气血,安神的功能与黄芪、陈皮、巴戟天、干姜、川芎、当归、红花、白术、葛根、柴胡、升麻、酸枣仁、紫河车为佐药;山萸肉有补肝肾,涩精气的功能与余下诸药为使药,是治标。
本发明药物具有大补元气、固脱生津、补肝肾、补肾助阳、补气血的功能,用于治疗低血压,疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果,这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告:
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0—2.5kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天两次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治低血压门诊患者共30例。
2、诊断标准
典型症状为:精神疲惫、头晕、头痛、视力模糊、恶心、认识功能障碍、心悸、颈背部疼痛等。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,30天为一个疗程,连续服用1个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:低血压症状消失,体质恢复正常,痊愈;
好转:患者精神疲惫、头晕、头痛、视力模糊、恶心、认识功能障碍、心悸、颈背部疼痛的现象减轻,低血压症状明显好转,体质逐步恢复;
无效:达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果(见下表)
在上述治疗中,用本发明药物治疗低血压患者30例,结果显效22例,显效率为73.33%,好转6例,好转率为20%,无效2例,总有效率为93.33%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗低血压的药物,其特征在于:它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成:
人参15-20克、桂枝7-12克、麦冬5-15克、五味子10-15克、茯苓10-20克、补骨脂10-15克、枸杞子5-15克、黄精5-10克、黄芪10-20克、陈皮10-20克、巴戟天5-15克、干姜10-15克、川芎10-20克、当归10-15克、龙眼肉10-20克、红花5-10克、白术5-15克、葛根10-20克、柴胡5-15克、升麻5-10克、酸枣仁10-20克、紫河车10-15克、山萸肉5-15克、甘草10-20克、鹿角胶5-10克、半夏3-9克、麻黄3-9克、生地黄5-10克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
人参18克、桂枝9克、麦冬10克、五味子12克、茯苓15克、补骨脂12克、枸杞子10克、黄精8克、黄芪15克、陈皮15克、巴戟天10克、干姜12克、川芎15克、当归12克、龙眼肉15克、红花8克、白术10克、葛根15克、柴胡10克、升麻8克、酸枣仁15克、紫河车12克、山萸肉10克、甘草15克、鹿角胶8克、半夏6克、麻黄6克、生地黄8克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,它包括下列步骤:
(一)备料
(1)人参:除去芦头,切段;
(2)桂枝:用水稍浸泡,捞出,闷润至透,切片,晾干,筛去屑;
(3)麦冬:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后抽去心,再洗净晒干;
(4)五味子:筛去灰屑,除去杂质,置蒸笼内蒸透,取出晒干;
(5)茯苓:用水浸泡,洗净捞出,闷透后,切片,晒干;
(6)补骨脂:簸尽杂质,洗净,晒干;
(7)枸杞子:簸净杂质,摘去残留的梗和蒂;
(8)黄精:洗净泥土,略润,切片,晒干;
(9)黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大者,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
(10)陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
(11)巴戟天:拣去杂质,用热水泡透后,趁热抽去木心,切段,晒干;
(12)干姜:拣净杂质,用水浸泡3—6小时,捞出,闷润后切片或切成小方块,晒干;
(13)川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
(14)当归:拣去杂质,洗净,闷润,稍晾至内外湿度适宜时,切片晒干;
(15)龙眼肉:取原药材,除去杂质;
(16)红花:拣净杂质,除去茎叶、蒂头,晒干;
(17)白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
(18)葛根:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,及时切片,晒干;
(19)柴胡:拣去杂质,除去残茎,洗净泥沙,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
(20)升麻:拣去杂质,略泡洗净,捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
(21)酸枣仁:原药放入竹箩内,沉入清水缸中,使仁浮在水面,壳沉水底,将刺仁捞出,晒干;
(22)紫河车:用新鲜的紫河车,横直割开血管,用水反复洗漂干净;
(23)山萸肉:洗净,除去果核及杂质,晒干;
(24)甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透,切片,凉干;
(25)鹿角胶:取原药材,除去杂质,用时捣碎或研粉;
(26)半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
(27)麻黄:拣去杂质,去尽木质茎及残根,用水洗净,微润后切段,干燥即得;
(28)生地黄:取原药材,除去杂质,洗净,稍润,切厚片,干燥,筛去碎屑;
(二)制备
(1)将所述重量的人参、桂枝、麦冬、五味子、茯苓、补骨脂、枸杞子、黄精、黄芪、陈皮、巴戟天、干姜、川芎、当归、龙眼肉、红花、白术、葛根、柴胡、升麻、酸枣仁、紫河车、山萸肉、甘草、鹿角胶、半夏、麻黄、生地黄放入煎药容器内,加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(2)将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
(3)将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为3剂服用。
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