CN108379516A - 一种治疗脑中风的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗脑中风的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108379516A
CN108379516A CN201810507246.6A CN201810507246A CN108379516A CN 108379516 A CN108379516 A CN 108379516A CN 201810507246 A CN201810507246 A CN 201810507246A CN 108379516 A CN108379516 A CN 108379516A
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grams
impurity
rhizoma
root
picked
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蒋勇
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗脑中风的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由天麻、石斛、人参、牛膝、僵蚕、川芎、全蝎、蕲蛇、石菖蒲、橘红、巴戟天、郁金、栀子、桃仁、陈皮、苍术、钩藤、丝瓜络、牡丹皮、白术、枸杞、远志、木香、狗脊、五加皮、杜仲、羌活、白芷、独活、龟版按一定重量配比制备而成。本发明药物具有息风定惊、化痰散结、清热养阴、大补元气、理气活血的功能,用于治疗脑中风见效快、疗效好,不复发。

Description

一种治疗脑中风的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗脑中风的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
技术背景
脑中风是一组以脑部缺血及出血性损伤症状为主要临床表现的疾病,又称脑卒中或脑血管意外,具有极高的病死率和致残率。中医则认为脑中风与肝阳暴亢、痰浊内阻、气虚血瘀、脉络痹阻有关。由于西药治疗副作用大,因此人们对有效治疗脑中风的中药药物存在极大的需求,至今为止,还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有效治疗脑中风的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗脑中风的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明是选择天麻、石斛、人参、牛膝、僵蚕、川芎、全蝎、蕲蛇、石菖蒲、橘红、巴戟天、郁金、栀子、桃仁、陈皮、苍术、钩藤、丝瓜络、牡丹皮、白术、枸杞、远志、木香、狗脊、五加皮、杜仲、羌活、白芷、独活、龟版、牡蛎、豨莶草、甘草、代赭石、细辛药物进行组合制备的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗脑中风。其中,选用天麻是因为其性味甘,平,入肝经,有息风,定惊的功能,治眩晕眼黑,头风头痛,肢体麻木,半身不遂,语言蹇涩,小儿惊癎动风。选用石斛是因为其性味甘淡微咸,寒,入有、肺、肾经,有生津益胃,清热养阴的功能,治热病伤津,口干烦喝,病后虚热,阴伤目暗。选用人参是因为其性味甘微甘,温,入脾、肺经,有大补元气,固脱生津,安神的功能,治劳伤虚损,食少,倦怠,反胃吐食,大便滑泄,虚咳喘促,自汗暴脱,惊悸,健忘,眩晕头痛,阳萎,尿频,消渴,妇女崩漏,小儿慢惊及久虚不复,一切气血津液不足之症。选用牛膝是因为其性味甘苦酸,平,入肝、肾经,生用散瘀血,消痈肿的功能,治淋病,尿血,经闭,癥瘕,难产,胞衣不下,产后瘀血腹痛,喉痹,痈肿,跌打损伤,熟用补肝肾,强筋骨,治腰膝骨痛,四肢拘挛,痿痹。选用僵蚕是因为其性味辛、咸,平,归肝,肺经。祛风解痉,化痰散结。用于脑中风口眼歪斜,惊痫抽搐,头赐,喉痹,瘰疠结核,风疹丹毒。选用川芎是因为其性味辛,温,入肝、胆经,有行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛的功能,治风冷头痛旋晕,胁痛腹疼,寒痹筋挛,经闭,难产,产后瘀阻块痛,痈疽疮疡。选用全蝎是因为其性味咸辛,平,有毒,入足厥阴经,有祛风,止痉,通络,解毒的功能,治惊风抽搐,癫癎,脑中风、半身不遂、口眼喎斜,偏头痛,风湿痹痛,破伤风,淋巴结结核,风疹疮肿。选用蕲蛇是因为其性味甘,咸,温,有毒,归肝经,有祛风,活络,镇痉,攻毒的功能,治半身不遂,四肢麻木,抽搐痉挛,破伤风,风湿顽痹,关节肿痛,小儿麻痹症恢复期。选用石菖蒲是因为其性味辛苦,微温,入心、肝、脾经,有开窍,豁痰,理气,活血,散风,去湿的功能,治癫癎,痰厥,热病神昏,健忘,气闭耳聋,心胸烦闷,胃痛,腹痛,风寒湿痹,痈疽肿毒,跌打损伤。选用橘红是因为其性味辛苦,温,入手足太阳、太阳、阳明经,有消痰,利气,宽中,散结的功能,治风寒痰嗽,恶心,吐水,胸痛胀闷。选用巴戟天是因为其性味辛甘,温,入肝、肾经,有补肾阳,壮筋骨,祛风湿的功能,治阳痿,少腹冷痛,小便不禁,子宫虚冷,风寒湿痹,腰膝酸痛。选用郁金是因为其性味辛苦,凉,入心、肺、肝经,有行气解随,凉血破瘀的功能,治胸腹胁肋诸痛,失心癫狂,热病神昏,吐血,衄血,尿血,血淋,妇女倒经,黄疸。选用栀子是因为其性味苦,寒,入心、肝、肺、胃经,有清热,泻火,凉血的功能,治热病虚烦不眠,黄疸,淋病,消渴,目赤,咽痛,吐血,衄血,血痢,尿血,热毒疮疡,扭伤肿痛。选用桃仁是因为其性味苦甘,平,入心、肝、大肠经,有破血行瘀,润燥滑经的功能,治经闭,癥瘕,热病蓄血,血痹,疟疾,跌打损伤,瘀血肿痛,血燥便秘。选用陈皮是因为其性味苦、辛,温,归肺、脾经,有理气健脾,燥湿化痰的功能,治胸脘胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。选用苍术是因为其性味辛苦,温,入脾、胃经,有健脾,燥湿,解郁,辟秽的功能,治湿盛困脾,倦怠嗜卧,脘痞腹胀,食欲不振,呕吐,泄泻,痢疾,疟疾,痰饮,水肿,时气感冒,风寒湿痹,足痿,夜盲。选用钩藤是因为其性味苦,凉,入肝、心经,有清热平肝,熄风定惊的功能,治小儿惊癎瘈瘲,大人血压偏高,头晕、目眩,妇人子癎。选用丝瓜络是因为其性味甘,平,有通经活络,清热化痰的功能,治胸胁疼痛,腹痛,腰痛,睾丸肿痛,肺热痰咳,妇女经闭,乳汁不通,痈肿,痔漏。选用牡丹皮是因为其性味辛苦,凉,入心、肝、肾经,有清热,凉血,和血,消瘀的功能,治热入血分,发斑,惊癎,吐、衄、便血,骨蒸劳热,经闭,癥瘕,痈疡,扑损。选用白术是因为其性味苦甘,温,入脾、胃经,有补脾,益胃,燥湿,和中的功能,治脾胃气弱,不思饮食,倦怠少气,虚胀,泄泻,痰饮,水肿,黄疸,湿痹,小便不利,头晕,自汗,胎气不安。选用枸杞是因为其性味甘,平,有滋肾,润肺,补肝,明目的功能,治肝肾阴亏,腰膝酸软,头晕目眩,目昏多泪,虚劳咳嗽,消渴,遗精。选用远志是因为其性味苦辛,温,入心、肾经,有安神益智,祛痰,解郁的功能,治惊悸,健忘,梦遗,失眠,咳嗽多痰,痈疽疮肿。选用木香是因为其性味辛苦,温,入肺、肝、脾经,有行气止痛,温中和胃的功能,治中寒气滞,胸腹胀痛,呕吐,泄泻,下痢里急后重,寒疝。选用狗脊是因为其性味苦甘,温,入肝、肾经,有补肝肾,除风湿,健腰脚,利关节的功能,治腰背酸疼,膝痛脚弱,寒湿周痹,失溺,尿频,遗精,白带。选用五加皮是因为其性味辛温,归肝、肾经,有祛风湿,壮筋骨,活血去瘀的功能,治风寒湿痹,筋滑挛急,水肿脚气,疮疽肿毒,跌打劳伤。选用杜仲是因为其性味甘微辛,温,入肝、肾经,有补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎的功能,治腰脊酸疼,足膝痿弱,小便余沥,阴下湿痒,胎漏欲堕,高血压。选用羌活是因为其性味辛苦,温,入膀胱、肾经,有散表寒,祛风湿,利关节的功能,治感冒风寒,头痛无汗,风寒湿痹,项强筋急,骨节酸疼,风水浮肿,痈疽疮毒。选用白芷是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、脾、胃经,有祛风,燥湿,消肿,止痛的功能,治头痛,眉棱骨痛,齿痛,鼻渊,寒湿腹痛,肠风痔漏,赤白带下,痈疽疮疡,皮肤燥痒,疥癣。选用独活是因为其性味辛苦,温,入肾、膀胱经,有祛风,胜湿,散寒,止痛的功能,治风寒湿痹,腰漆酸痛,手脚挛痛,慢性气管炎,头痛,齿痛。选用龟版是因为其性味咸甘,平,入肝、肾经,有滋阴,潜阳,补肾,健骨的功能,治肾阴不足,骨蒸劳热,吐血,衄血,久咳,遗精,崩漏,带下,腰痛,骨痿,阴虚风动,久痢,久疟,痔疮,小儿囟门不合。选用牡蛎是因为其性味咸涩,凉,入肝、肾经,有敛阴,潜阳,止汗,涩精,化痰,软坚的功能,治惊癎,眩晕,自汗,盗汗,遗精,淋浊,崩漏,带下,瘰疬,瘿瘤。选用豨莶草是因为其性味苦,寒,入肝、脾、肾经,有祛风湿,利筋骨,降血压的功能,治四肢麻痹,筋骨疼痛,腰膝无力,疟疾,急性肝炎,高血压病,疔疮肿毒,外伤出血。选用甘草是因为其性味甘平,入脾、胃、肺经,有和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药的功能,炙用治脾胃虚弱,食少,腹痛便溏,劳倦发热,肺痿咳嗽,心悸,惊痈,生用治咽喉肿痛,消化性溃疡,痈疽疮疡,解药毒及食物中毒。选用代赭石是因为其性味苦甘,平,入肝、胃、心胞经,有平肝镇逆,凉血止血的功能,治噫气呕逆,噎膈反胃,哮喘,惊癎,吐血,鼻衄,肠风,痔痿,崩漏带下。选用细辛是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、肾经,有祛风,散寒,行水,开窃的功能,治风冷头痛,鼻渊,止痛,痰饮咳逆,风湿痹痛。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效:
天麻15-25克、石斛10-15克、人参5-15克、牛膝10-20克、僵蚕5-15克、川芎10-20克、全蝎5-10克、蕲蛇3-9克、石菖蒲10-15克、橘红5-15克、巴戟天10-15克、郁金5-10克、栀子5-15克、桃仁5-15克、陈皮10-15克、苍术5-15克、钩藤10-15克、丝瓜络10-15克、牡丹皮5-15克、白术10-15克、枸杞5-15克、远志5-15克、木香10-15克、狗脊5-15克、五加皮10-15克、杜仲5-15克、羌活5-15克、白芷5-10克、独活5-15克、龟版7-12克、牡蛎10-15克、豨莶草5-15克、甘草5-10克、代赭石5-15克、细辛3-9克。
优选为:
天麻20克、石斛12克、人参10克、牛膝15克、僵蚕10克、川芎15克、全蝎8克、蕲蛇6克、石菖蒲12克、橘红10克、巴戟天12克、郁金8克、栀子10克、桃仁10克、陈皮12克、苍术10克、钩藤12克、丝瓜络12克、牡丹皮10克、白术12克、枸杞10克、远志10克、木香12克、狗脊10克、五加皮12克、杜仲10克、羌活10克、白芷8克、独活10克、龟版9克、牡蛎12克、豨莶草10克、甘草8克、代赭石10克、细辛6克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、天麻:拣去杂质,大小分档,用水浸泡至七成透,捞出,稍晾,再润至内外温度均匀,切片,晒干;
2、石斛:取干燥的石斛,用水泡约至八成透,焖润,除去残根及黑枝,切段,撞去薄膜,晒干;
3、人参:除去芦头,切段即可;
4、牛膝:拣去杂质,洗净,润软,去芦,切段,晒干;
5、僵蚕:取原药材,除去残丝,杂质;
6、川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
7、全蝎:清水漂去盐质,晒干,或微火焙用;
8、蕲蛇:取原药材,刷去灰屑,用时去头、鳞,切段;
9、石菖蒲:拣去杂质,洗净,稍浸泡,润透,切片,晒干;
10、橘红:拣去杂质,刷净,用时折碎;
11、巴戟天:拣去杂质,用热水泡透后,趁热抽去木心,切段,晒干;
12、郁金:用水浸泡,洗净,捞出晒晾,润透,切片,晒干;
13、栀子:筛去灰屑,拣去杂质,碾碎过筛或剪去两端;
14、桃仁:除去硬壳杂质,置沸水锅中煮至外皮微皱,捞出,浸入凉水中,搓去种皮,晒干,簸净;
15、陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
16、苍术:拣去杂质,用水泡至七、八成透,捞出,润透后切片,晒干;
17、钩藤:拣去老梗、杂质,洗净,晒干;
18、丝瓜络:洗净晒干,切段;
19、牡丹皮:拣去杂质,除去木心,洗净,润透,切片,晾干;
20、白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
21、枸杞:簸净杂质,摘去残留的梗和蒂;
22、远志:拣去杂质,切段,筛去灰屑;
23、木香:将原生药放清水内洗净,捞出,闷润12—24小时使软,切片,晒干;
24、狗脊:取沙子置锅内炒至轻松,加入拣净的狗脊,用武火炒至鼓起并显深黄色,取出,筛除沙子,风晾后,撞去或刮净黄绒毛;
25、五加皮:拣净杂质,用水洗净,稍润后,切片,干燥;
26、杜仲:除去粗皮,洗净,润透,切成方块或丝条,晒干;
27、羌活:拣去杂质,洗净,润透,切片,晾干;
28、白芷:拣净杂质,用水洗净,浸泡,捞出润透,略晒至外皮无滑腻感时,再闷润后,切片干燥;
29、独活:拣去杂质,分开大小个,洗净,润透后切片,干燥;
30、龟版:用清水浸泡,刮去残肉,洗净,晒干,敲成小块;
31、牡蛎:洗净,晒干,碾碎用;
32、豨莶草:拣去杂质,除去残根与老梗,先抖下叶另放,将梗洗净,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后切片,晒干,再与叶和匀;
33、甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透,切片,凉干;
34、代赭石:除去杂质,砸碎,过筛;
35、细辛:除净杂质,用水喷润,及时切段,晒干。
二、制备
1、将所述重量的天麻、石斛、人参、牛膝、僵蚕、川芎、全蝎、蕲蛇、石菖蒲、橘红、巴戟天、郁金、栀子、桃仁、陈皮、苍术、钩藤、丝瓜络、牡丹皮、白术、枸杞、远志、木香、狗脊、五加皮、杜仲、羌活、白芷、独活、龟版、牡蛎、豨莶草、甘草、代赭石、细辛放入煎药容器内,加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
2、将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为4剂服用。
组方中天麻息风,定惊,石斛有生津益胃,清热养阴的功能二者为君药;人参大补元气,固脱生津,安神,僵蚕有祛风解痉,化痰散结的功能,与牛膝、川芎、全蝎、蕲蛇为臣药,八味药共同发挥息风定惊、化痰散结、清热养阴、大补元气、固脱生津、生津益胃的作用,治疗脑中风效力全面,且以息风定惊、化痰散结、清热养阴、大补元气为主,可治本;石菖蒲有开窍,豁痰,理气,活血,散风,去湿的功能与橘红、巴戟天、郁金、栀子、桃仁、陈皮、苍术、钩藤、丝瓜络、牡丹皮、白术为佐药;枸杞有滋肾,润肺,补肝,明目的功能与余下诸药为使药,是治标。
本发明药物具有息风定惊、化痰散结、清热养阴、大补元气、理气活血的功能,用于治疗脑中风,疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果,这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告:
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0—2.5kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天两次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治脑中风门诊患者共62例。
2、诊断标准
典型症状为:头痛、呕吐、眩晕、一侧肢体,面部感觉异常、流口水、突发视觉障碍,言语不清,吞咽呛咳、意识障碍等。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,15天为一个疗程,连续服用3个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:脑中风症状消失,恢复正常,随访一年未复发;
好转:患者头痛、呕吐、眩晕、一侧肢体,面部感觉异常、流口水、突发视觉意识障碍的现象减轻,脑中风症状明显好转,逐步恢复正常;
无效:达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果(见下表)
在上述治疗中,用本发明药物治疗脑中风患者62例,结果显效51例,显效率为82.26%,好转8例,好转率为12.9%,无效3例,总有效率为95.16%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗脑中风的药物,其特征在于:它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成:
天麻15-25克、石斛10-15克、人参5-15克、牛膝10-20克、僵蚕5-15克、川芎10-20克、全蝎5-10克、蕲蛇3-9克、石菖蒲10-15克、橘红5-15克、巴戟天10-15克、郁金5-10克、栀子5-15克、桃仁5-15克、陈皮10-15克、苍术5-15克、钩藤10-15克、丝瓜络10-15克、牡丹皮5-15克、白术10-15克、枸杞5-15克、远志5-15克、木香10-15克、狗脊5-15克、五加皮10-15克、杜仲5-15克、羌活5-15克、白芷5-10克、独活5-15克、龟版7-12克、牡蛎10-15克、豨莶草5-15克、甘草5-10克、代赭石5-15克、细辛3-9克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
天麻20克、石斛12克、人参10克、牛膝15克、僵蚕10克、川芎15克、全蝎8克、蕲蛇6克、石菖蒲12克、橘红10克、巴戟天12克、郁金8克、栀子10克、桃仁10克、陈皮12克、苍术10克、钩藤12克、丝瓜络12克、牡丹皮10克、白术12克、枸杞10克、远志10克、木香12克、狗脊10克、五加皮12克、杜仲10克、羌活10克、白芷8克、独活10克、龟版9克、牡蛎12克、豨莶草10克、甘草8克、代赭石10克、细辛6克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,它包括下列步骤:
(一)备料
(1)天麻:拣去杂质,大小分档,用水浸泡至七成透,捞出,稍晾,再润至内外温度均匀,切片,晒干;
(2)石斛:取干燥的石斛,用水泡约至八成透,焖润,除去残根及黑枝,切段,撞去薄膜,晒干;
(3)人参:除去芦头,切段即可;
(4)牛膝:拣去杂质,洗净,润软,去芦,切段,晒干;
(5)僵蚕:取原药材,除去残丝,杂质;
(6)川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
(7)全蝎:清水漂去盐质,晒干,或微火焙用;
(8)蕲蛇:取原药材,刷去灰屑,用时去头、鳞,切段;
(9)石菖蒲:拣去杂质,洗净,稍浸泡,润透,切片,晒干;
(10)橘红:拣去杂质,刷净,用时折碎;
(11)巴戟天:拣去杂质,用热水泡透后,趁热抽去木心,切段,晒干;
(12)郁金:用水浸泡,洗净,捞出晒晾,润透,切片,晒干;
(13)栀子:筛去灰屑,拣去杂质,碾碎过筛或剪去两端;
(14)桃仁:除去硬壳杂质,置沸水锅中煮至外皮微皱,捞出,浸入凉水中,搓去种皮,晒干,簸净;
(15)陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
(16)苍术:拣去杂质,用水泡至七、八成透,捞出,润透后切片,晒干;
(17)钩藤:拣去老梗、杂质,洗净,晒干;
(18)丝瓜络:洗净晒干,切段;
(19)牡丹皮:拣去杂质,除去木心,洗净,润透,切片,晾干;
(20)白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
(21)枸杞:簸净杂质,摘去残留的梗和蒂;
(22)远志:拣去杂质,切段,筛去灰屑;
(23)木香:将原生药放清水内洗净,捞出,闷润12—24小时使软,切片,晒干;
(24)狗脊:取沙子置锅内炒至轻松,加入拣净的狗脊,用武火炒至鼓起并显深黄色,取出,筛除沙子,风晾后,撞去或刮净黄绒毛;
(25)五加皮:拣净杂质,用水洗净,稍润后,切片,干燥;
(26)杜仲:除去粗皮,洗净,润透,切成方块或丝条,晒干;
(27)羌活:拣去杂质,洗净,润透,切片,晾干;
(28)白芷:拣净杂质,用水洗净,浸泡,捞出润透,略晒至外皮无滑腻感时,再闷润后,切片干燥;
(29)独活:拣去杂质,分开大小个,洗净,润透后切片,干燥;
(30)龟版:用清水浸泡,刮去残肉,洗净,晒干,敲成小块;
(31)牡蛎:洗净,晒干,碾碎用;
(32)豨莶草:拣去杂质,除去残根与老梗,先抖下叶另放,将梗洗净,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后切片,晒干,再与叶和匀;
(33)甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透,切片,凉干;
(34)代赭石:除去杂质,砸碎,过筛;
(35)细辛:除净杂质,用水喷润,及时切段,晒干;
(二)制备
(1)将所述重量的天麻、石斛、人参、牛膝、僵蚕、川芎、全蝎、蕲蛇、石菖蒲、橘红、巴戟天、郁金、栀子、桃仁、陈皮、苍术、钩藤、丝瓜络、牡丹皮、白术、枸杞、远志、木香、狗脊、五加皮、杜仲、羌活、白芷、独活、龟版、牡蛎、豨莶草、甘草、代赭石、细辛放入煎药容器内,加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(2)将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
(3)将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为4剂服用。
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