CN108150379B - 用于制造斜盘的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造斜盘的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108150379B
CN108150379B CN201711263220.3A CN201711263220A CN108150379B CN 108150379 B CN108150379 B CN 108150379B CN 201711263220 A CN201711263220 A CN 201711263220A CN 108150379 B CN108150379 B CN 108150379B
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swash plate
plate body
plasma
sintered
layer
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CN201711263220.3A
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CN108150379A (zh
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A·米勒
J·C·奈托
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Miba Sinter Austria GmbH
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Miba Sinter Austria GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0804—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B27/0821—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication
    • F04B27/086—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block component parts, details, e.g. valves, sealings, lubrication swash plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/008—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of engine cylinder parts or of piston parts other than piston rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0878—Pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0878—Pistons
    • F04B27/0886—Piston shoes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0891—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof casings, housings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0895—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof driving means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H39/00—Rotary fluid gearing using pumps and motors of the volumetric type, i.e. passing a predetermined volume of fluid per revolution
    • F16H39/04—Rotary fluid gearing using pumps and motors of the volumetric type, i.e. passing a predetermined volume of fluid per revolution with liquid motor and pump combined in one unit
    • F16H39/06—Rotary fluid gearing using pumps and motors of the volumetric type, i.e. passing a predetermined volume of fluid per revolution with liquid motor and pump combined in one unit pump and motor being of the same type
    • F16H39/08—Rotary fluid gearing using pumps and motors of the volumetric type, i.e. passing a predetermined volume of fluid per revolution with liquid motor and pump combined in one unit pump and motor being of the same type each with one main shaft and provided with pistons reciprocating in cylinders
    • F16H39/10—Rotary fluid gearing using pumps and motors of the volumetric type, i.e. passing a predetermined volume of fluid per revolution with liquid motor and pump combined in one unit pump and motor being of the same type each with one main shaft and provided with pistons reciprocating in cylinders with cylinders arranged around, and parallel or approximately parallel to the main axis of the gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • B22F2003/242—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/35—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/046—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with at least one amorphous inorganic material layer, e.g. DLC, a-C:H, a-C:Me, the layer being doped or not
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
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    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
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    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/52—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/54—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/56—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05B2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05B2230/22—Manufacture essentially without removing material by sintering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种斜盘式压缩机(1)的斜盘(5)，其具有斜盘本体(8)，该斜盘本体由烧结材料组成，以及涉及一种用于制造斜盘(5)的方法。

Description

用于制造斜盘的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制造斜盘式压缩机的斜盘的方法，其中，斜盘具有斜盘本体。
本发明还涉及用于斜盘式压缩机的斜盘，其具有斜盘本体，以及涉及具有斜盘的斜盘式压缩机。
背景技术
由现有技术已知斜盘式压缩机，也被称为斜盘式压缩器。通常将这种类型的压缩机用于机动车辆的空调装置中。该压缩机尤其包括斜盘，其滑动地支承在所谓的座中。通常，斜盘由铸造材料，例如青铜制成，其中，最终形状通过切削式加工，尤其是通过车削来制成。对于提到的座，经常使用具有相对高硬度的高合金化的钢。也部分地描述了所述座由烧结材料制成。
尤其在缺少润滑或没有润滑的情况下，在斜盘处在座中的支承的区域中出现了相对高的磨损现象。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，能够简单地制造斜盘。本发明的子任务尤其在于，改进斜盘的耐磨性。
本发明的任务利用开篇提及的方法来解决，由此设计为，斜盘本体由一种或多种烧结粉末根据粉末冶金方法制造。
另外，该任务用开篇提及的斜盘来解决，其中，斜盘本体由烧结材料组成，以及该任务通过开篇提及的斜盘式压缩机解决，其中，根据本发明来构造斜盘。
在此有利的是，，尽管斜盘是几何结构简单的构件，但是当为斜盘的构件由烧结材料来制造时仍可以实现降低成本。斜盘可以以近似净成型的或净成型的品质制造。在此也有利的是经烧结的斜盘的多孔性或多开孔性，因为所述孔可以实现对任选至少分区域地布置在斜盘的表面上的另外的层进行改进的连接。此外，这些孔可以起到润滑剂储存器的作用，由此可以更好地防止斜盘在斜盘座中的支承的完全干燥的情况。
根据方法或斜盘的实施方式变型可以设计为，斜盘本体由铁基烧结粉末制造或由其构成。因此可能的是，赋予斜盘较高的硬度，由此可以改进其耐磨性。
为了进一步改进该效果，根据一个实施方式变型设计为，使用合金作为铁基烧结粉末，所述合金包含介于0.1重量％和0.9重量％之间的C、介于0重量％和5.0重量％之间的Ni、介于0.04重量％和2重量％之间的Mo、介于0.05重量％和1重量％之间的Mn和介于0重量％和3重量％之间的铜，其中铁形成余量。
优选地，将斜盘本体在烧结之后进行表面硬化，以进一步改进耐磨性。
在此特别优选地，为了硬化，对经烧结的斜盘本体的表面进行渗氮或碳氮共渗，其中，根据另外的实施方式变型，在表面上对斜盘本体进行等离子体渗氮或等离子体碳氮共渗。因此，不仅尤其在使用之前提到的铁基材料时可以改进其本身的耐磨性，而且因此也可以实现将固有压应力引入到斜盘中，由此可以改进疲劳强度。
根据另一实施方式变型可以设计为，在斜盘本体的经渗氮或碳氮共渗的表面上沉积或布置另一表面层。因此，可以有利地影响斜盘的摩擦性质，由此即使在干燥条件下，例如其在运行开始时可能存在的干燥条件下也可以改进斜盘相对于摩擦焊接(Reibverschweiβung)的稳定性。
优选地，作为另外的表面层，可以沉积滑动漆层或PVD层或DLC层或者另外的表面层是滑动漆层或PVD层或DLC层，由此可以通过可以降低斜盘的表面的摩擦阻力而进一步改进斜盘的摩擦性质。
附图说明
为了更好理解本发明，借助附图详细阐述了本发明。在简化的示意图中分别显示的是：
图1显示斜盘式压缩机的横截面；
图2显示在斜盘轴承座中的斜盘的支承件的区域中的根据图1的斜盘式压缩机的细节；
图3以横截面显示斜盘的片段。
应注意的是，在不同描述的实施方式中，相同的部分提供有相同的附图标记或相同的构件名称，其中，包含在整个说明书中的公开内容可以类似地应用于具有相同附图标记或构件名称的相同部分上。在说明书中选择的位置给定，例如上、下、侧向等也是参考直接描述以及示出的附图，并且在位置改变时类似地应用于新的位置上。
具体实施方式
在图1中极简化示意性地示出斜盘式压缩机1(也可被称为斜盘式压缩器)。斜盘式压缩机1具有壳体2、至少一个活塞3或缸、驱动轴4和斜盘5。经由驱动轴4，将转动运动导入到斜盘5中。由此，将转动运动转换成轴向振荡的活塞运动，由此可以实现在压力介质中的压力构建。
因为斜盘式压缩机1的原理上的构造以及其工作原理在相关的现有技术中已有详细说明，为了避免重复可以参考相关说明。
图2中以横截面详细示出斜盘5的滑动支承件。斜盘5支承在斜盘座6中。斜盘座6形成滑动轴承并且优选由钢组成。斜盘5的表面7在该斜盘座6上滑移。因此，尤其在该区域中斜盘5承受相对高的机械应力，从而斜盘5的耐磨性的改进将是有利的。
为了实现耐磨性的改进，现在设计为，斜盘5的斜盘本体由一种或多种根据粉末冶金的方法的烧结粉末制得，从而也就是斜盘本体8由烧结材料组成或是烧结构件。
用于制造斜盘本体8的方法至少包括粉末混合、将粉末压缩成生坯和烧结生坯的步骤。
在粉末混合时，由金属粉末制造粉末混合物。但是任选地也可以使用预合金化的金属粉末或混合合金粉末。在此，混合合金粉末仅包含一部分合金元素，而预合金化的粉末包含所有合金元素。因此，在使用混合合金粉末时必须混入仍缺少的合金元素。
粉末混合物可以进一步使用各种辅助材料，如粘结剂，例如树脂，硅烷，油，聚合物或胶，或者如助压剂(Presshilfsmittel)，例如蜡，硬脂酸盐/酯，硅烷，酰胺，聚合物。
辅助材料在整个粉末混合物中的份额可以为直至最大5重量％，尤其直至最大4重量％。
原则上，可以使用各种合适的粉末作为金属粉末或金属粉末混合物。然而，在方法或斜盘5的优选的实施方式变型中，为了制造斜盘本体8，使用铁基烧结粉末。
尤其使用合金作为铁基烧结粉末，所述合金包含介于0.1重量％和0.9重量％之间的C(石墨)、介于0重量％和5.0重量％之间的Ni、介于0.04重量％和2重量％之间的Mo、介于0.05重量％和1重量％之间的Mn和介于0重量％和3重量％之间的铜，其中铁形成余量。例如，使用合金作为铁基烧结粉末，所述合金包含介于0.4重量％和0.7重量％之间的C(石墨)、介于1.5重量％和2.0重量％之间的Ni、介于0.04重量％和0.6重量％之间的Mo、介于0.05重量％和0.3重量％之间的Mn和介于1.3重量％和1.7重量％之间的铜，其中铁形成余量。合金元素的量的份额基于铁基烧结粉末本身计并且不基于具有任选使用的辅助材料的混合物计。
然后，将粉末或粉末混合物挤压成生坯。挤压可以例如借助于同轴压制方法进行。通过压制，斜盘本体8已经获得其形状，从而优选在制造压制工具时已经考虑在随后的过程步骤期间出现的形状和构造改变。
挤压优选以直至大于6.5g/cm3，尤其大于6.8g/cm3的生坯密度进行。取决于粉末混合物的堆积密度和理论密度，为此应用600MPa至1200MPa的压制压力。
替代同轴压制方法，也可以应用其它压制方法，如在烧结技术中常见的压制方法，也就是例如等压压制方法等。
在生坯的任选进行的脱除(Entbindern)之后，对其进行一步或多步烧结。为此可以在烧结炉中使用还原性气体。例如，可以使用具有直至30体积％氢气份额的氮气-氢气混合物。优选地，使用具有介于5体积％和30体积％之间的氢气份额的混合物，但也可能的是具有少于5重量％的氢气份额的混合物。可选地，也可以使用渗碳气体(例如吸热型气体(Endogas)、甲烷、丙烷等)或者混入氮气-氢气混合物。在此，份额可以选自具有0.01体积％的下限和2.55体积％的上限的范围，基于整个混合物计。
在介于900℃和1350℃之间的温度，在介于10分钟和65分钟之间的时间段在该温度下进行烧结。随后冷却经烧结的斜盘本体8。
在多步烧结的情况下，在预烧结时，温度可以为介于740℃和1050℃之间，并且烧结时间可以为介于10分钟和2小时之间。
在预烧结时，也可以烧去有机粘结剂和润滑剂。
在预烧结时，仅限于烧结粉末颗粒，这导致构造出相当脆弱的烧结复合材料。
通过1100℃以下的预烧结温度还可以实现的是，石墨仅不完全地向内扩散到铁基体材料中。
然后可以在介于1100℃和1350℃之间的温度进行第二烧结步骤。可以将烧结成形件在该温度保持介于10分钟和65分钟之间。
然后，冷却完成烧结的斜盘本体8。
可能的是，使生坯、经中间烧结的烧结构件或完成的烧结构件经受由现有技术已知的机械加工。例如，可以将棱面等布置或构造在斜盘本体8上。
进一步可能的是，如果斜盘本体8没有以近似净成型的或净成型的品质制造，则对经预烧结的或完成烧结的斜盘本体8进行再压制和/或校准。
优选地，制造具有多孔性的斜盘本体8的表面9，即斜盘本体8至少在表面9的区域中或至少在这些表面9的区域中具有介于6.5g/cm3和7.8g/cm3之间的密度。
在表面9的俯视图中可以观察到孔具有介于0.1μm和2.5μm之间的最大尺寸。
如上述那样，如果将孔布置在斜盘本体8上，则经由所述孔更好地连接另外的层是可能的。
出于该原因还优选的是，如果要进行对经烧结的斜盘本体8的再压制和/或校准，则不进行到如此程度：当形成了致密表面时表面上的孔完全闭合。
随后，通过炉出口处的相应的冷却机组以介于2K/s和16K/s之间的冷却速度从烧结热冷却至低于Mf并且因此进行硬化。由于在烧结期间急剧的冷却和任选的渗碳介质，得到了马氏体硬化组织并且调节了固有应力走向，其对机械固有特性，尤其对疲劳特性产生有利影响。
紧接着烧结过程，除了从烧结热的硬化之外，也可以进行经硬化的部件的回火。
根据方法的一个实施方式变型可以设计为，斜盘本体8在烧结之后进行硬化。
硬化例如可以通过从烧结热的快速冷却，例如以大于2℃/s的冷却速度进行。
优选地，硬化也通过经烧结的斜盘本体8的渗氮或碳氮共渗，例如气体渗氮或气体碳氮共渗进行。特别优选地，硬化借助等离子体渗氮或等离子体碳氮共渗进行。
为了等离子体渗氮或等离子体碳氮共渗，将斜盘本体8送入处理腔室中，其中存在至少一个氮源和任选的至少一个碳源。斜盘本体8的等离子体处理可以采用以下参数进行。优选将斜盘本体8在等离子体中的热处理之前清洁，任选在先前去除油和脂肪之后在清洁装置中清洁。优选地，清洁借助溅射来实现。
等离子体渗氮或等离子体碳氮共渗时的温度可以选自350℃和600℃的范围，尤其选自400℃和550℃的范围。任选地，在方法持续期间温度可以变化，然而在这种情况下，温度无论如何处于提到的温度范围内。
等离子体渗氮或等离子体碳氮共渗可以在1小时至60小时之内进行。
作为等离子腔室中的气氛，可以使用氢气或氮气或氩气或由它们组成的混合物，例如由氢气和氮气组成的混合物。该混合物中的氢气和氮气的体积份额的比例可以选自100∶1至1∶100的范围。任选地，氢气和氮气的体积份额可以在方法持续期间变化，然而在这种情况下，所述比例无论如何处于提到的范围内。可以存在另外的过程气体，其中，其在气氛中的总份额为最大30体积％。
电极之间的电压选自300V至800V的范围，尤其选自450V至700V的范围。在此还可能的是，电压在斜盘本体8的等离子体处理期间变化。
在此，不仅可以使用至少两个自身的电极，也可以将斜盘本体8本身接通成电极。
在斜盘本体8的等离子体处理期间在处理腔室中的压力可以选自0.1mbar至10mbar的范围，尤其选自2mbar至7mbar的范围。
通过等离子体渗氮或等离子体渗碳，在经烧结的斜盘本体8的表面9上出现渗氮的层10或碳氮共渗的层，如由图中可看出的那样。该层10在此优选至少近似模拟斜盘本体8的表面9的孔，如同样由图3可以看出的那样。
渗氮的层10或碳氮共渗的层的厚度11可以选自0.005mm至0.04mm的范围，尤其介于0.01mm至0.02mm之间。尤其是，渗氮的层10或碳氮共渗的层的厚度11大于斜盘本体8的表面9上的孔的最大深度12。
渗氮的层10或碳氮共渗的层可以具有介于650HV0.015至800HV0.015之间的硬度。
还优选的是，将渗氮的层10或碳氮共渗的层最后制成扩散层。因此这意味着，氮和任选的碳最后以向内扩散的形式存在并且不以化学化合物，如氮化铁的形式存在。
根据另外的实施方式变型可以设计为，在斜盘本体8的渗氮的或碳氮共渗的表面上沉积另外的表面层13，如这在图3中虚线所示。
另外的表面层13尤其可以是滑动漆层或PVD层或DLC(类金刚石碳)层。
这些实施例显示或描述了可能的实施方式变型，其中，在此应注意的是，各个实施方式变型彼此之间的各种组合也是可能的。
鉴于规则最后要指出的是，为了更好地理解斜盘式压缩机1的结构，将其不成比例和/或经扩大和/或经缩小地示出。
附图标记列表
1 斜盘式压缩机
2 壳体
3 活塞
4 驱动轴
5 斜盘
6 斜盘座
7 表面
8 斜盘本体
9 表面
10 层
11 厚度
12 深度
13 表面层

Claims (11)

1.制造斜盘式压缩机(1)的斜盘(5)的方法，其中，所述斜盘(5)具有斜盘本体(8)，其特征在于，由一种或多种烧结粉末根据粉末冶金方法制造所述斜盘本体(8)，使得所述斜盘本体由一种或多种烧结粉末组成，其中，
使经烧结的斜盘本体(8)的表面(9)硬化，
为了硬化，对经烧结的斜盘本体(8)的表面(9)进行渗氮或碳氮共渗，
为了硬化，对所述斜盘本体(8)的表面(9)进行等离子体渗氮或等离子体碳氮共渗，
直接在仅通过烧结由经烧结的粉末制造的斜盘本体上产生经等离子体渗氮或等离子体碳氮共渗的表面层，
经等离子体渗氮的或等离子体碳氮共渗的表面层至少近似模拟斜盘本体(8)的表面的孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，由铁基烧结粉末制造所述斜盘本体(8)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用合金作为铁基烧结粉末，所述合金包含介于0.1重量％和0.9重量％之间的C、介于0重量％和5.0重量％之间的Ni、介于0.04重量％和2重量％之间的Mo、介于0.05重量％和1重量％之间的Mn和介于0重量％和3重量％之间的铜，其中铁形成余量。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述斜盘本体(8)的经渗氮或经碳氮共渗的表面(9)上沉积另外的表面层(13)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，沉积滑动漆层或PVD层或DLC层作为所述另外的表面层(13)。
6.斜盘式压缩机(1)的斜盘(5)，其具有斜盘本体(8)，其特征在于，所述斜盘本体(8)由一种或多种烧结粉末组成，其中
使经烧结的斜盘本体(8)的表面(9)硬化，
为了硬化，对经烧结的斜盘本体(8)的表面(9)进行渗氮或碳氮共渗，
为了硬化，对所述斜盘本体(8)的表面(9)进行等离子体渗氮或等离子体碳氮共渗，
直接在仅通过烧结由经烧结的粉末制造的斜盘本体上产生经等离子体渗氮或等离子体碳氮共渗的表面层，
经等离子体渗氮的或等离子体碳氮共渗的表面层至少近似模拟斜盘本体(8)的表面的孔。
7.根据权利要求6所述的斜盘(5)，其特征在于，所述斜盘本体(8)由铁基烧结粉末制造。
8.根据权利要求7所述的斜盘(5)，其特征在于，铁基烧结粉末由合金组成，所述合金包含介于0.1重量％和0.9重量％之间的C、介于0重量％和5.0重量％之间的Ni、介于0.04重量％和2重量％之间的Mo、介于0.05重量％和1重量％之间的Mn和介于0重量％和3重量％之间的铜，其中铁形成余量。
9.根据权利要求6所述的斜盘(5)，其特征在于，在斜盘本体(8)的经渗氮或经碳氮共渗的表面(9)上布置另外的表面层(13)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的斜盘(5)，其特征在于，所述另外的表面层(13)是滑动漆层、PVD层或DLC层。
11.具有斜盘(5)的斜盘式压缩机(1)，其特征在于，所述斜盘(5)根据权利要求6至10中任一项所述构造。
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