JP5671526B2 - 高強度低合金焼結鋼 - Google Patents
高強度低合金焼結鋼 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5671526B2 JP5671526B2 JP2012511790A JP2012511790A JP5671526B2 JP 5671526 B2 JP5671526 B2 JP 5671526B2 JP 2012511790 A JP2012511790 A JP 2012511790A JP 2012511790 A JP2012511790 A JP 2012511790A JP 5671526 B2 JP5671526 B2 JP 5671526B2
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100069231 Caenorhabditis elegans gkow-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
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- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
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- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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Description
重量%で、0.45〜1.50のNiと、0.3〜0.55のMoと、0.09〜0.3のMnと、0.2未満のCuと、0.1未満のCと、0.25未満のOと、0.5未満の不可避不純物とを含み、残りが鉄である、水アトマイズ低合金鋼粉末であって、Ni及びMoが、拡散合金化法によって合金された、上記粉末;
重量%で組成物の:0.35〜1.0の黒鉛の形態のC、並びに場合により0.05〜2.0の潤滑剤及び/又は0〜3.0の銅粉末の形態のCu、並びに場合により硬質相材料及び機械加工性向上剤を有する、上記鋼粉末をベースとする組成物;
焼結部品を製造するための方法であって、
a)上記の鉄系鋼粉末組成物を調製する工程と、
b)該組成物を400から2000MPaの間の圧縮に付す工程と、
c)得られたグリーン部品を還元雰囲気において1000〜1400℃の間の温度で焼結する工程と、
d)得られた焼結部品を焼き入れ及び焼き戻しなどの熱処理に付す工程と
を含む、上記方法;そして、
上記組成物から作製される部品によって達成される。
純粋な鉄粉末は、鉄溶融物の水アトマイズによって製造される。アトマイズされた粉末は、拡散合金化プロセスを用いることによって合金化される前に、還元焼鈍プロセスにさらに付されることができる。拡散結合された粉末合金の粒子サイズは、プレス及び焼結プロセス又は粉末鍛造プロセスに適合可能である限りいずれのサイズであってもよい。好適な粒子サイズの例は、最大で2.0重量%が180μm超を有し、15〜30重量%が45μm未満を有する、Hoganas AB(スウェーデン)から入手可能である公知の粉末ASC100.29の粒子サイズである。
マンガンは、鋼粉末の強度、硬度及び硬化性を増加させる。また、マンガン含量が低すぎると、鋼製造の過程で還元のための特別な処理が実施されない限り、安価なリサイクルされたスクラップを用いることができず、費用を増加させる。0.3重量%超のMn含量は、鋼粉末中にマンガンを含有する包含物の形成を増加させ、また、固溶体硬化及び増加されたフェライト硬度に起因して圧縮率に負の効果も与える。故に、Mn含量は、0.3重量%を超えるべきではない。したがって、マンガン含量は、好ましくは0.1重量%を超えるが0.3重量%未満、より好ましくは0.15〜0.30重量%の範囲であるべきである。
鉄系鋼粉末は、圧縮の前に、黒鉛、並びに場合により銅粉末及び/又は潤滑剤、並びに場合により硬質相材料及び機械加工性向上剤と混合される。
鉄系粉末組成物は、金型に移されて、約400〜2000MPaの圧縮圧に付され、約6.75g/cm3超のグリーン密度となる。得られたグリーン部品は、還元雰囲気において約1000〜1400℃の温度での焼結にさらに付される。部品が平常の焼結温度で焼結されるべきであるとき、これは、1000〜1200℃、好ましくは1050〜1180℃、最も好ましくは1080〜1160℃で通常実施される。部品が高温で焼結されるべきであるとき、これは、1200〜1400℃で、好ましくは1200〜1300℃で、最も好ましくは1220〜1280℃で通常実施される。
所望のミクロ構造を得るために、焼結部品は、制御された冷却速度を含む熱処理プロセスに付されてよい。硬化プロセスは、例えば、焼き入れ及び焼き戻し、表面硬化、窒化、浸炭、軟窒化、浸炭窒化、誘導硬化などの公知のプロセスを含んでいてよい。代替的には、高い冷却速度での焼結−硬化プロセスが利用されてよい。熱処理が浸炭を含む場合、黒鉛の添加量は、0.15〜0.35重量%の範囲であってよい。
本発明は、少なくとも7.0g/cm3、好ましくは少なくとも7.1g/cm3の焼結密度で少なくとも1000MPa、好ましくは1020MPa超、最も好ましくは1040MPa超の高い引張強度を有する新規の低合金材料を提供する。このレベルの焼結密度及び引張強度は、例えば、600MPaにおける圧縮、続いての1120℃で20分間の焼結、並びにその後の油焼入れ及び焼き戻しによって例えば達成され得る。
鉄系合金鋼粉末を、合金元素を純粋な鉄粉末に混合することによって、粉末混合物を還元雰囲気において熱処理することによって、及び拡散により、より小さな合金元素粒子をより大きな粒子と結合させることによって製造した。表1は、種々の粉末の化学組成を示す。全ての粉末(A、B、参照1〜3)の粒子サイズは、150μm未満であった。粉末A、Bは、両方が、Hoganas ABから入手可能な鉄粉末ASC100.29をベースとしており、これらを、Ni含有粉末(本質的に純粋なNiの微粒子)及びMo含有粉末(Mo酸化物の微粒子)と拡散結合させた。参照1は、Hoganas ABから入手可能な鉄粉末ASC100.29をベースとしており、これを、Ni含有粉末(本質的に純粋なNiの微粒子)及びMo含有粉末(Mo酸化物の微粒子)と拡散結合させた。参照2は、Hoganas ABから入手可能な鉄粉末ASC100.29をベースとしており、これを、Ni含有粉末(本質的に純粋なNiの微粒子)、Mo含有粉末(Mo酸化物の微粒子)及びCu含有粉末(本質的に純粋なCuの微粒子)と拡散結合させた。参照3を前合金粉末として調製した。拡散結合された粉末(A、B、参照1、及び参照2)並びに前合金粉末(参照3)の化学分析を表1に示す。
焼結温度が1250℃であることを除いて例1に従ってサンプルを製造し試験した。表3は、試験サンプルを製造する前の組成物への黒鉛の添加量、並びに1250℃で焼結及び熱処理された試料の化学分析の結果を示す。表3はまた、引張強度試験、衝撃エネルギー試験、及び硬度試験の結果も示す。
焼結温度が1250℃であること、及びサンプルを焼結後に熱処理に付さないこと、すなわち、サンプルを焼結されたままの状態にしたことを除いて、粉末A及び参照2をベースとするサンプルを例1に従って製造し試験した。黒鉛及び/又は機械加工性向上剤MnSを表4の仕様に従って粉末と混合した。サンプルにおいて、機械加工性試験を、ドリルで穴を開けること及びドリルで開けられた穴の量をドリルでの全体破損の前に計測することによって実施した。結果を表4に示す。
Claims (18)
- 重量%で、
0.45〜0.90のNiと、
0.30〜0.55のMoと、
0.1〜0.3のMnと、
0.2未満のCuと、
0.1未満のCと、
0.25未満のOと、
0.5未満の不可避不純物と
を含み、残りが鉄である、水アトマイズ鉄系鋼粉末であって、Ni及びMoが、拡散合金化プロセスによって合金された、上記粉末。 - Niの含量が、0.45〜0.65重量%の範囲内である、請求項1に記載の粉末。
- Moの含量が、0.45〜0.55重量%の範囲内である、請求項1又は2に記載の粉末。
- Mnの含量が、0.15重量%超である、請求項1から3までのいずれか一項に記載の粉末。
- 鉄系鋼粉末組成物であって、組成物の0.35〜1.0重量%の黒鉛と混合されている請求項1から4までのいずれかに記載の粉末を含む、上記組成物。
- 鉄系鋼粉末組成物であって、組成物の0.35〜1.0重量%の黒鉛、組成物の0.05〜2.0重量%の潤滑剤及び/又は0〜3.0重量%の量の銅と混合されている、請求項1から4までのいずれかに記載の粉末を含む、上記組成物。
- 鉄系鋼粉末組成物であって、組成物の0.35〜1.0重量%の黒鉛、組成物の0.05〜2.0重量%の潤滑剤及び/又は0〜3.0重量%の量の銅、並びに硬質相材料及び機械加工性向上剤と混合されている、請求項1から4までのいずれかに記載の粉末を含む、上記組成物。
- 焼結部品を製造するための方法であって、
a)請求項5〜7のいずれかに記載の鉄系鋼粉末組成物を調製する工程と;
b)前記組成物を400から2000MPaの間の圧力での圧縮に付す工程と;
c)得られたグリーン部品を還元雰囲気において1000〜1400℃の間の温度で焼結する工程と;
を含む、前記方法。 - 工程c)によって得られた焼結部品を熱処理に付す工程d)を更に含む、請求項8に記載の焼結部品を製造するための方法。
- 工程d)の熱処理が焼き入れ及び焼き戻しである、請求項9に記載の焼結部品を製造するための方法。
- 工程b)の圧縮圧力が400から1000MPaの間である、請求項8〜10のいずれかに記載の焼結部品を製造するための方法。
- 工程b)の圧縮圧力が500から800MPaの間である、請求項8〜10のいずれかに記載の焼結部品を製造するための方法。
- 工程c)の焼結温度が1100から1300℃の間である、請求項8〜10のいずれかに記載の焼結部品を製造するための方法。
- 請求項5から7のいずれかに記載の組成物から製造される焼結部品。
- 少なくとも1000MPaの引張強度、及び少なくとも7.0g/cm 3 の焼結密度を有する、請求項14に記載の部品。
- 1020MPa超の引張強度を有する、請求項15に記載の部品。
- 1040MPa超の引張強度を有する、請求項15に記載の部品。
- 少なくとも7.1g/cm 3 の焼結密度を有する、請求項15から17のいずれかに記載の部品。
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