CN108135890A - 利用冠醚催化剂以经取代的氯代缩羰酯对吡啶酰胺进行烷基化 - Google Patents
利用冠醚催化剂以经取代的氯代缩羰酯对吡啶酰胺进行烷基化 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108135890A CN108135890A CN201680056498.0A CN201680056498A CN108135890A CN 108135890 A CN108135890 A CN 108135890A CN 201680056498 A CN201680056498 A CN 201680056498A CN 108135890 A CN108135890 A CN 108135890A
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- ether
- iodide
- bases
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- IBBMAWULFFBRKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinamide Chemical class NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 IBBMAWULFFBRKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- -1 chlorocarbonyl esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 32
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001502 inorganic halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- ILUWVORABZTBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethyl 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OCCl ILUWVORABZTBIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001505 inorganic iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- YSSSPARMOAYJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzo-18-crown-6 Chemical compound O1CCOCCOC2=CC=CC=C2OCCOCCOC2=CC=CC=C21 YSSSPARMOAYJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002168 ethanoic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-isobutyric acid Natural products CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ZCQJTYXMYDQDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide hydroiodide Chemical compound I.I[K] ZCQJTYXMYDQDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- MLGCATYQZVMGBG-PBWVOLNLSA-N [(3s,6s,7r,8r)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl] 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound COC1=CC=NC(C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(O[C@@H](C)[C@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)OC2)=O)=C1O MLGCATYQZVMGBG-PBWVOLNLSA-N 0.000 description 18
- MLGCATYQZVMGBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N UK-2A Natural products COC1=CC=NC(C(=O)NC2C(OC(C)C(OC(=O)C(C)C)C(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)OC2)=O)=C1O MLGCATYQZVMGBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- QQXJNLYVPPBERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyldecan-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QQXJNLYVPPBERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 10
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 0 C*c(ccnc1C(N=C)=O)c1O Chemical compound C*c(ccnc1C(N=C)=O)c1O 0.000 description 4
- FNEPSTUXZLEUCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo-15-crown-5 Chemical class O1CCOCCOCCOCCOC2=CC=CC=C21 FNEPSTUXZLEUCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000006823 (C1-C6) acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTCBONOLBHEDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium iodate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]I(=O)=O WTCBONOLBHEDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- COCAUCFPFHUGAA-MGNBDDOMSA-N n-[3-[(1s,7s)-5-amino-4-thia-6-azabicyclo[5.1.0]oct-5-en-7-yl]-4-fluorophenyl]-5-chloropyridine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C([C@@]23N=C(SCC[C@@H]2C3)N)=CC=1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=N1 COCAUCFPFHUGAA-MGNBDDOMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XQQZRZQVBFHBHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-crown-4 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCO1 XQQZRZQVBFHBHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYXZLKQXAKZBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)C(OCOC(C(OC)=CC#CC1C)=C1C([N-2])=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C)C(OCOC(C(OC)=CC#CC1C)=C1C([N-2])=O)=O DYXZLKQXAKZBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIAOXCALIGCNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)C([U]CCl)=C Chemical compound CC(C)C([U]CCl)=C GIAOXCALIGCNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWCGTCIKLOVIFD-PGEKIEPBSA-N CC([C@@H](C(Cc1ccccc1)C(OCC1)=O)OC(C(C)(C)C)=O)OC1=O Chemical compound CC([C@@H](C(Cc1ccccc1)C(OCC1)=O)OC(C(C)(C)C)=O)OC1=O UWCGTCIKLOVIFD-PGEKIEPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNWKMMBPUXDIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C1)C1C1C2CCCC1C2 Chemical compound CCC(C1)C1C1C2CCCC1C2 MNWKMMBPUXDIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical group [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DUDHRYJQHQPTER-UHFFFAOYSA-N N=NC=NN.N=NC=NN.C(COCCO)O Chemical compound N=NC=NN.N=NC=NN.C(COCCO)O DUDHRYJQHQPTER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008063 acylals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000916 dilatatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodic acid Chemical compound OI(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIDDQKKGAYONOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylazanium;bromide Chemical class Br.CCCCCCCCN GIDDQKKGAYONOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/10—Antimycotics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
- B01J31/0204—Ethers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/44—Allylic alkylation, amination, alkoxylation or analogues
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/001—General concepts, e.g. reviews, relating to catalyst systems and methods of making them, the concept being defined by a common material or method/theory
- B01J2531/002—Materials
- B01J2531/007—Promoter-type Additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/90—Catalytic systems characterized by the solvent or solvent system used
- B01J2531/98—Phase-transfer catalysis in a mixed solvent system containing at least 2 immiscible solvents or solvent phases
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
一种用于以经取代的氯代缩羰酯对吡啶酰胺进行烷基化以制备式(III)的结构的方法,其中所述反应在相转移催化剂和无机卤化物助催化剂的存在下进行。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年10月6日提交的美国临时专利申请No.62/237,844的权益,该临时专利申请的公开内容据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本公开的一方面涉及一种用于制备吡啶酰胺衍生物的方法。本公开的一些方面涉及一种用于利用冠醚催化剂以经取代的氯代缩羰酯(chloroacylal)对羟基吡啶酰胺进行烷基化的方法。
背景技术和发明内容
本申请案描述了用于制备杀真菌大环吡啶酰胺的多种路径。可为有利地是,例如通过使用提供改善的时间及成本效率的试剂及/或化学中间体来提供用于制备杀真菌大环吡啶酰胺及相关化合物的更直接且有效的方法。
本文提供了将包括式(I)的化合物的吡啶酰胺:
用式(II)的经取代的氯代缩羰酯进行烷基化:
制备式(III)的结构的方法:
其中:R1为伯烷基或仲烷基基团;
R2为含有5-12个原子的杂环,其包括选自N、O、P和S的1-3个杂原子和选自C1–C6烷基、C1–C6酰基、=O、苄基、C1–C6烷基醚或芳基醚的一个或多个取代基;并且
R3为伯烷基、仲烷基或叔烷基基团。
在一些示例性实施方案中,式(I)的吡啶酰胺是在有机溶剂中,利用冠醚相转移催化剂、无机碘化物助催化剂和金属碳酸盐,用式(II)的氯代缩羰酯进行烷基化。
在一个示例性实施方案中,吡啶酰胺为UK-2A(CAS编号167173-85-5),(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-{[(3-羟基-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)羰基]氨基}-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧杂环壬-7-基2-甲基丙酸酯],其具有式(IV):
在一个示例性实施方案中,用式(V)的异丁酸氯甲酯(CAS编号61644-18-6)对UK-2A进行烷基化:
以形成式(VI)的结构。式(VI)为(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-{[(4-甲氧基-3-{[(2-甲基丙酰基)氧基]甲氧基}-吡啶-2-基)羰基]氨基}-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧杂环壬-7-基2-甲基丙酸酯]。也可形成诸如式(VII)的化合物的其他副产物。本文公开的方法的一个优点是其不利于式(VII)的化合物的形成,从而提高了更为所需的式(VI)的产物的收率。
在本公开通篇,对本公开的化合物的提及应理解为也包括光学异构体和盐类。特别地,当本公开的化合物含有立体异构源碳时,应理解此类化合物可包括它们的光学异构体、非对映异构体以及外消旋与非外消旋混合物。示例性盐类可包括:盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐等。含有碳碳双键的化合物可以E、Z或E/Z混合物存在。
本文件中公开的某些化合物可以一种或多种异构体存在。本领域的技术人员应理解,一种异构体可比其他异构体更具生物活性。本公开中描述的结构一般是以代表所存在的主要立体异构体的几何形式描绘,并且并不打算代表可能存在的该分子的所有可能的几何和互变异构形式。在特定立体异构源碳原子的构型为未知或为相似量的各立体异构体的混合物的情况下,该结构可以在不指示绝对构型的情况下描绘(即,不使用实线或虚线、楔形键)。
本文所述的实施方案仅打算为示例性的,并且本领域的技术人员将认识到或将能够使用仅为例行的实验来确定具体的方法、材料和程序的各种等同物。所有此类等同物被认为是在本发明的范围内并且由所附权利要求书涵盖。
具体实施方式
可根据方案I用式(II)的氯代缩羰酯对诸如式(I)者的吡啶酰胺进行烷基化来制备根据式(III)的结构:
其中R1为伯烷基或仲烷基基团;R2为含有5-12个原子的杂环,其包括选自N、O、P和S的1-3个杂原子和选自C1–C6烷基、C1–C6酰基、=O、苄基、C1–C6烷基醚或芳基醚的一个或多个取代基;并且R3为伯烷基、仲烷基或叔烷基基团;并且M选自锂、钠或钾。除式(III)的化合物以外,该反应也可以形成一种或多种额外的副产物。
在一些实施方案,反应在有机溶剂中进行。在一些实施方案中,有机溶剂选自酮、乙酸酯、芳族烃、氯化有机物或有机腈。在其他实施方案中,有机溶剂选自丙酮、乙酸乙酯和甲苯。
在一些实施方案中,反应在相转移催化剂和无机卤化物助催化剂的存在下进行。可用于实施本发明的一些示例性相转移催化剂包括例如冠醚、TritonTM X-100、分子量为约200至约1000道尔顿的聚(乙二醇)、三[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基]胺、1-氮杂-15-冠-5、4,7,13,16,21-五氧杂-1,10-二氮杂二环-[8.8.5]三十三烷221)、二乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、四正丁基溴化铵、四正丁基碘化铵、四甲基氯化铵和四正辛基溴化铵。
在一些实施方案中,相转移催化剂为冠醚,并且在其他实施方案中,相转移催化剂为环氧乙烷的冠醚寡聚物。可用于实施本发明一些方面的示例性冠醚包括例如12-冠-4(式VIII)、15-冠-5(式IX)和18-冠-6(式X)。额外的相转移催化剂包括其苯并和二苯并冠醚,诸如,苯并-12-冠-4(式XI)、苯并-15-冠-5(式XII)和二苯并-18-冠-6(式XIII)。
在一些实施方案中,相转移催化剂是以少到1摩尔%,大到2摩尔%、3摩尔%、5摩尔%、7摩尔%、10摩尔%、15摩尔%或在前述值的任两者之间限定的任何范围内,诸如1摩尔%至15摩尔%的量提供。
可用于实施本发明某些方法的示例性卤化物助催化剂包括无机碘化物,诸如碘化钠和碘化钾。在一些实施方案中,无机碘化物助催化剂是以少到1摩尔%、2摩尔%、3摩尔%,大到5摩尔%、8摩尔%、10摩尔%、15摩尔%或在前述值的任两者之间限定的任何范围内,诸如1摩尔%至15摩尔%的量提供。
在一些实施方案中,反应在碱性环境中进行。可用于实施本发明各方面的碱包括金属碳酸盐,诸如碳酸钠(Na2CO3)和碳酸钾(K2CO3)。在一个实施方案中,以1.0摩尔当量的式(I)的吡啶酰胺计,金属碳酸盐是以少到0.9当量、1当量、1.25当量,大到1.5当量、2当量、2.5当量或在前述值的任两者之间限定的任何范围内,诸如0.9当量至2.5当量的量提供。在一个更特定的实施方案中,提供化学计量量的碳酸钾或碳酸钠。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,以1.0摩尔当量的式(I)的吡啶酰胺计,式(II)的经取代的氯代缩羰酯是以少到0.9当量、1.0当量,大到1.1当量、1.2当量、1.3当量、1.4当量或1.5当量或在前述值的任两者之间限定的任何范围内,诸如0.9当量至1.5当量的量提供。在其他实施方案中,提供化学计量量的经取代的氯代缩羰酯。
在一些实施方案中,反应在低到30℃、40℃、50℃,高到100℃、110℃或在前述值的任两者之间的任何范围内,诸如30℃至110℃的温度下进行。
在一些实施方案中,以反应混合物的总质量计,反应中式(I)的吡啶酰胺的重量%为少到1重量%、5重量%、8重量%、10重量%,大到15重量%、20重量%、25重量%或在前述值的任两者之间限定的任何范围内,诸如1重量%至25重量%。
在一些实施方案中,根据方案II,式(I)的吡啶酰胺为UK-2A,式(II)的经取代的氯代缩羰酯为式(V)的异丁酸氯甲酯,金属碳酸盐为碳酸钠(Na2CO3),并且式(III)的化合物为(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-{[(4-甲氧基-3-{[(2-甲基丙酰基)氧基]甲氧基}-吡啶-2-基)羰基]氨基}-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧杂环壬-7-基2-甲基丙酸酯](式VI)。
如方案II所示,反应可产生额外的副产物,诸如式(VII)的化合物。在一个示例性实施方案中,当使用冠醚催化剂,反应对于式(VI)的化合物具有相对较高的选择性。在一个示例性实施方案中,式(VI)的化合物的收率为少到约80±2%或大到约98±2%或在前述值限定的范围内的任何值。
实施例
如表1中所示,在由诸如吡啶酰胺的起始物制备诸如式(VI)者的化合物中使用冠醚相转移催化剂对于反应速率和式(VI)的化合物的收率具有有益的影响。反应中无冠醚催化剂(表1,条目1)提供适合收率(88%)的式(VI)的化合物,并且反应需要48小时来达到94%的式(IV)的化合物的转化率。反应中存在15-冠-5(式IX)作为相转移催化剂在24小时内提供式(IV)的化合物>99%的转化率、式(VI)的化合物的95%收率以及式(VII)的副产物的5%收率(表1,条目2)。15-冠-5(式IX)的负载降低使式(VI)的化合物的收率从95%降至93%,并且使式(VII)的副产物的收率从5%增至6%(表1,条目3对条目2)。15-冠-5(式IX)的负载增加提高了式(IV)的化合物的转化率(在10小时内>99%),并且导致式(VI)的化合物的收率从95%增至97%,并且使式(VII)的副产物的收率从5%减至3%(表1,条目4对条目2)。式VI的化合物的高收率(>96%)也可以不同负载的碘化钠助催化剂实现(表1,条目5-7)。与15-冠-5相比,利用具有碘化钠的苯并-15-冠-5(式XII)(表1,条目8)或具有碘化钾的18-冠-6(式X)(表1,条目9)的相转移催化剂体系也提供与缺乏相转移催化剂的式(VI)的化合物的收率(比照表1,条目1)相比更佳的式(VI)的化合物的收率。替代地,丙酮(表1,条目10)溶剂和甲苯(表1m条目11)可用于替代乙酸乙酯,同时维持高收率的式(VI)的化合物,前提是反应在至少冠醚催化剂的存在下进行。在其他实验中,相对于在冠醚催化剂的存在下进行的相似反应,采用丙酮或甲苯溶剂且缺乏相转移催化剂的反应在式(IV)转化成产物的转化率以及式(VI)的收率方面表现出>5%的降低。
表1:各种反应条件的比较
实施例1:在乙酸乙酯溶剂中,在异丁酸氯甲酯(式V)、15-冠-5(式IX)、碘化钠(NaI)和碳酸钠(Na2CO3)的存在下,使UK-2A(式IV)转化成式(VI)(对应于表1的条目4)。
向配备氮气垫、顶置式搅拌器马达、下压45°俯仰4-叶片叶轮、"h"形折流板、West冷凝器和热电偶套管的1L加套式玻璃反应器依次充装固体UK-2A(56.10g,0.109mol,1.0当量)、无水Na2CO3(23.09g,0.218mol,2.0当量)、固体NaI(0.979g,0.0065mol,6摩尔%)、壬基苯基酮(1.5022g,用于HPLC分析的非反应性内标物)、15-冠-5(2.444g,0.0109mol,10摩尔%)、纯净异丁酸氯甲酯(16.47g,0.120mol,1.1当量)和乙酸乙酯(361g)。将该1L反应器置于氮气氛围下,开始搅拌,并且将反应混合物加热至65℃。反应混合物的样品(约1mL)在5小时和10小时移出。将每个样品添加至新的乙酸乙酯(5mL),进行针筒过滤并以在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的0.1%甲酸以约6:1(v/v)稀释。将所得样品通过HPLC(UV检测,270nm)分析,并且基于已知量的内标物(壬基苯基酮)来确定未反应的UK-2A(式IV)、式(VI)和式(VII)的副产物的摩尔浓度。基于此信息来计算式(IV)的转化率和式(VI)与式(VII)的收率(参见例如表1的条目4)。
实施例2:在乙酸乙酯溶剂中,在异丁酸氯甲酯(式V)、苯并-15-冠-5(式XII)、碘化钠(NaI)和碳酸钠(Na2CO3)的存在下,使UK-2A(式IV)转化成式(VI)(对应于表1的条目8)。
向配备氮气垫、顶置式搅拌器马达、下压45°俯仰4-叶片叶轮、"h"形折流板、West冷凝器和热电偶套管的1L加套式玻璃反应器依次充装固体UK-2A(56.09g,0.109mol,1.0当量)、无水Na2CO3(23.09g,0.218mol,2.0当量)、固体NaI(0.973g,0.0065mol,6摩尔%)、壬基苯基酮(1.5269g,用于HPLC分析的非反应性内标物)、苯并-15-冠-5(1.454g,0.0054mol,5摩尔%)、纯净异丁酸氯甲酯(16.48g,0.120mol,1.1当量)和乙酸乙酯(317g)。将该1L反应器置于氮气氛围下,开始搅拌,并且将反应混合物加热至55℃。反应混合物的样品(约1mL)在5小时、10小时和24小时移出。将每个样品添加至新的乙酸乙酯(5mL),进行针筒过滤并以在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的0.1%甲酸以约6:1(v/v)稀释。将所得样品通过HPLC(UV检测,270nm)分析,并且基于已知量的内标物(壬基苯基酮)来确定未反应的UK-2A(式IV)、式(VI)和式(VII)的副产物的摩尔浓度。基于此信息来计算式(IV)的转化率和式(VI)与式(VII)的收率(参见例如表1的条目8)。
实施例3:在乙酸乙酯溶剂中,在异丁酸氯甲酯(式V)、18-冠-6(式X)、碘化钾离(KI)和碳酸钠(Na2CO3)的存在下,使UK-2A(式IV)转化成式(VI)(对应于表1的条目9)。
向配备氮气垫、顶置式搅拌器马达、下压45°俯仰4-叶片叶轮、"h"形折流板、West冷凝器和热电偶套管的1L加套式玻璃反应器依次充装固体UK-2A(56.05g,0.109mol,1.0当量)、无水Na2CO3(23.12g,0.218mol,2.0当量)、固体KI(1.096g,0.0065mol,6摩尔%)、壬基苯基酮(1.5270g,用于HPLC分析的非反应性内标物)、18-冠-6(1.454g,0.0066mol,6摩尔%)、纯净异丁酸氯甲酯(16.54g,0.121mol,1.1当量)和乙酸乙酯(317g)。将该1L反应器置于氮气氛围下,开始搅拌,并且将反应混合物加热至55℃。反应混合物的样品(约1mL)在5小时、10小时和24小时移出。将每个样品添加至新的乙酸乙酯(5mL),进行针筒过滤并以在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的0.1%甲酸以约6:1(v/v)稀释。将所得样品通过HPLC(UV检测,270nm)分析,并且基于已知量的内标物(壬基苯基酮)来确定未反应的UK-2A(式IV)、式(VI)和式(VII)的副产物的摩尔浓度。基于此信息来计算式(IV)的转化率和式(VI)与式(VII)的收率(参见例如表1的条目9)。
实施例4:在丙酮溶剂中,在异丁酸氯甲酯(式V)、15-冠-5(式X)、碘化钠(NaI)和碳酸钠(Na2CO3)的存在下,使UK-2A(式IV)转化成式(VI)(对应于表1的条目10)。
向配备氮气垫、顶置式搅拌器马达、下压45°俯仰4-叶片叶轮、"h"形折流板、West冷凝器和热电偶套管的1L加套式玻璃反应器依次充装固体UK-2A(56.02g,0.109mol,1.0当量)、无水Na2CO3(23.09g,0.218mol,2.0当量)、固体NaI(0.971g,0.0065mol,6摩尔%)、壬基苯基酮(1.5469g,用于HPLC分析的非反应性内标物)、15-冠-5(1.467g,0.0065mol,6摩尔%)、纯净异丁酸氯甲酯(16.50g,0.120mol,1.1当量)和丙酮(317g)。将该1L反应器置于氮气氛围下,开始搅拌,并且将反应混合物加热回流(约54℃)。反应混合物的样品(约1mL)在5小时、10小时和24小时移出。将每个样品添加至新的乙酸乙酯(5mL),进行针筒过滤并以在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的0.1%甲酸以约6:1(v/v)稀释。将所得样品通过HPLC(UV检测,270nm)分析,并且基于已知量的内标物(壬基苯基酮)来确定未反应的UK-2A(式IV)、式(VI)和式(VII)的副产物的摩尔浓度。基于此信息来计算式(IV)的转化率和式(VI)与式(VII)的收率(参见例如表1的条目10)。
实施例5:在甲苯溶剂中,在异丁酸氯甲酯(式V)、15-冠-5(式X)、碘化钠(NaI)和碳酸钠(Na2CO3)的存在下,使UK-2A(式IV)转化成式(VI)(对应于表1的条目11)。
向配备氮气垫、顶置式搅拌器马达、下压45°俯仰4-叶片叶轮、"h"形折流板、West冷凝器和热电偶套管的1L加套式玻璃反应器依次充装固体UK-2A(56.16g,0.109mol,1.0当量)、无水Na2CO3(23.12g,0.218mol,2.0当量)、固体NaI(0.961g,0.0064mol,6摩尔%)、壬基苯基酮(1.5049g,用于HPLC分析的非反应性内标物)、15-冠-5(1.481g,0.0066mol,6摩尔%)、纯净异丁酸氯甲酯(16.53g,0.121mol,1.1当量)和甲苯(326g)。将该1L反应器置于氮气氛围下,开始搅拌,并且将反应混合物加热至55℃。反应混合物的样品(约1mL)在5小时、10小时、24小时和30小时移出。将每个样品添加至新的乙酸乙酯(5mL),进行针筒过滤并以在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的0.1%甲酸以约6:1(v/v)稀释。将所得样品通过HPLC(UV检测,270nm)分析,并且基于已知量的内标物(壬基苯基酮)来确定未反应的UK-2A(式IV)、式(VI)和式(VII)的副产物的摩尔浓度。基于此信息来计算式(IV)的转化率和式(VI)与式(VII)的收率(参见例如表1的条目11)。
Claims (19)
1.一种方法,其包括下列步骤:
使式(I)的吡啶酰胺:
与式(II)的经取代的氯代缩羰酯进行反应:
以制备式(III)的化合物:
其中:
R1为伯烷基或仲烷基基团;
R2为5-12个原子的杂环,其包括选自N、O、P和S的1-3个杂原子和选自C1–C6烷基、C1–C6酰基、=O、苄基、C1–C6烷基醚或芳基醚的一个或多个取代基;
R3为伯烷基、仲烷基或叔烷基基团;并且
其中所述反应步骤在相转移催化剂和无机卤化物助催化剂的存在下进行。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述相转移催化剂为冠醚。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述冠醚为选自12-冠-4、15-冠-5、18-冠-6以及它们的苯并-和二苯并-冠醚中的至少一种醚。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述冠醚为选自12-冠-4、15-冠-5、18-冠-6中的至少一种醚。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述无机卤化物助催化剂为无机碘化物。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述无机碘化物为选自碘化钠和碘化钾的至少一种碘化物盐。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述反应在有机溶剂中进行。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述有机溶剂为选自酮、乙酸酯、芳族烃、氯化有机物和有机腈中的至少一种有机溶剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述有机溶剂为选自丙酮、乙酸乙酯和甲苯中的至少一种溶剂。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述反应在碱性环境中进行。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述碱性环境由金属碳酸盐提供。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述金属碳酸盐为选自碳酸钠和碳酸钾的至少一种碳酸盐。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述式(I)的吡啶酰胺为(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-{[(3-羟基-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)羰基]氨基}-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧杂环壬-7-基2-甲基丙酸酯],所述式(II)的经取代的氯代缩羰酯为异丁酸氯甲酯,并且所述式(III)的化合物为(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-{[(4-甲氧基-3-{[(2-甲基丙酰基)氧基]甲氧基}-吡啶-2-基)羰基]氨基}-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧杂环壬-7-基2-甲基丙酸酯]。
14.一种方法,其包括:
使(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-{[(3-羟基-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)羰基]-氨基}-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧杂环壬-7-基2-甲基丙酸酯]与异丁酸氯甲酯在冠醚和无机碘化物的存在下进行反应,以制备(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-{[(4-甲氧基-3-{[(2-甲基丙酰基)氧基]甲氧基}-吡啶-2-基)羰基]氨基}-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧杂环壬-7-基2-甲基丙酸酯]以及一种或多种副产物。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种副产物包含式VII的化合物:
16.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-{[(4-甲氧基-3-{[(2-甲基丙酰基)氧基]甲氧基}-吡啶-2-基)羰基]氨基}-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-1,5-二氧杂环壬-7-基2-甲基丙酸酯]的收率为约80%(±2%)或更大。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述冠醚为选自12-冠-4、15-冠-5、18-冠-6以及它们的苯并-和二苯并-冠醚中的至少一种醚。
18.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述无机碘化物为选自碘化钠和碘化钾的至少一种碘化物。
19.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述反应在选自丙酮、乙酸乙酯和甲苯的至少一种有机溶剂中进行。
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