CN108094074A - A kind of implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd Download PDFInfo
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- CN108094074A CN108094074A CN201810019052.1A CN201810019052A CN108094074A CN 108094074 A CN108094074 A CN 108094074A CN 201810019052 A CN201810019052 A CN 201810019052A CN 108094074 A CN108094074 A CN 108094074A
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- sponge gourd
- climing
- implantation methods
- liquid
- high yield
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The present invention relates to vegetable cultivation fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd, the implantation methods include the following steps:(1) site preparation, fertilising;(2) seed treatment, sowing;(3) seedbed management;(4) field management;(5) built, draws climing;(6) insect pest preventing and controlling;(7) harvest;The defects of implantation methods of sponge gourd provided by the present invention can effectively make up sponge gourd low output existing for existing implantation methods, and disease resistance is poor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetable cultivation fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd.
Background technology
Sponge gourd is a kind of cucurbitaceous plant for originating in India, is widely cultivated in East Asia Region.Grass is climbed up by holding on to for Curcurbitaceae
This plant, sponge gourd root system are powerful.Vines, five ribs, green, main stem and lateral bine growth are all in great numbers, stipes tool branch tendril, Yi Sheng
Adventitious root.The defects of sponge gourd is planted there are low output in the prior art, and pest and disease damage is serious.
Chinese patent CN106717937A discloses a kind of sponge gourd implantation methods at present, including:(1) select and handle;(2)
Sow fry;(3) site preparation and fertilization;(4) it is colonized;(5) harvest.The sponge gourd quality of the method for the present invention production is good, and picking time is long, yield
Height, the method for the present invention are impregnated by the way that seed is put into seed treatment liquid, and carry out electrolysis processing, can improve the penetrating of kind of skin
Property, promote the water suction of seed inner cell, promote not full ripe embryo fast-ripenin.
Chinese patent CN104823632A discloses a kind of sponge gourd implantation methods at present, by application of anti-leakage layers thick plastic film, organic
Fertilizer turf, planting soil, sponge gourd plant composition, cause cross section undulate as basis using soil, are laid with leakproof above
Layer thick plastic film, the organic fertilizer turf for re-laying suitable thickness mix planting soil, into horizontal plane, plant sponge gourd plant, ripple
The lower of shape wave application of anti-leakage layers thick plastic film, which is left blank, to be made to store water storage trench water storage, is treated that next time irrigates and is used, when the water for irrigating sponge gourd allows
After planting soil saturation, just natural downsea shape wave application of anti-leakage layers eminence flows into lower storage water storage trench to remaining water, can save a large amount of
With water, and sponge gourd yield can be improved.
But the defects of implantation methods that the prior art is provided are also there are sponge gourd low output, and disease resistance is poor.
The content of the invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a kind of implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd.Skill provided by the invention
Art scheme can make up sponge gourd low output existing for the implantation methods that the prior art is provided to a certain extent, disease resistance difference
Defect.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, it is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd, the implantation methods include the following steps:
(1) select that physical features is higher and the preferable soil of drainage, and to ensure that this block soil was not planted in 1-2
Sponge gourd excavates a length of 1m, width 0.3m, and depth is the kind planting-line of 0.2m, and applies ammonium hydrogen phosphate 2- in every square metre of kind planting-line
3kg, plant ash 5-8kg, organic fertilizer 4-7kg;
(2) disease resistance, heat resistance, the stronger excellent sponge gourd seed of moisture-proof are chosen, first with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate before sowing
20-25min is impregnated, pulls out clean, then 3-4h is impregnated with 25 DEG C of warm water, is then cleaned with clear water, rinse kind of a skin mucus, used
Wet gauze, which is wrapped, is placed on vernalization under the conditions of certain temperature, and seed is sowed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and per 2 row of the drill seeding, per cave 2-3 seed, covers
Broken mud sprays 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 800 times of liquid on overburden soil;
(3) before after planting emerging, temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C or more, and when emergence leaks informaton, when seedling age two leaves wholeheartedly when spray
Certain density ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid once, when coming up, throws off bed surface mulch, prevents excessive growth in time;
(4) field is intertilled twice, removes the weeds in field in time, second climb it is climing before, earth up with reference to ditch cleaning
And weeding, promote adventitious root stretching, extension;
(5) when sponge gourd seedling length to certain altitude, built draws climing after sponge gourd draws climing restocking, is tied up per 4-5 piece leaves using S-shaped
It is climing once, when the climing top around frame, put gradually downward it is climing, every 10-15cm put it is climing once, bottom plate is around destroying coiling bottom
Blade;
(6) after sponge gourd restocking, manage in time it is climing, removal 20% or so male flower, every plant is stayed certain amount side shoot, spray in bloom stage
20% 1000 times of triadimefon liquid, 72% gram resists 1500 times of peaceful 1500 times of liquid, 50% 500 times of carbendazim liquid and 25% decis
Liquid combines the nutrient solutions such as outer spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Ye Mian Bao while anti-disease pest liquid is sprayed;
(7) after sponge gourd the flowers are in blossom a period of time, every harvesting in 1-2 days once.
Preferably, germination temperature is 30 DEG C in step (2).
Preferably, ethephon concentration is 100-120mg/l in step (3).
Preferably, draws climing height is 20-25cm in step (5).
Preferably, every plant of side shoot retains 1-2 in step (6).
Preferably, collecting time is sponge gourd after the flowers are in blossom 10-12 days in step (7).
Using above-mentioned technical solution, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:Prior to seeding, sponge gourd kind is impregnated with tertiary sodium phosphate
Son enhances the prophylaxis effect of sponge gourd, improves the yield of sponge gourd;50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 800 times of liquid are sprayed on overburden soil,
Subterranean pest-insect can effectively be prevented;When seedling age two leaves wholeheartedly when spray ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, be conducive to female carving up;Destroy coiling bottom
Blade, it can be ensured that field ventilation and penetrating light, improve yield;20% triadimefon of spray in bloom stage can prevent powdery mildew, sprinkling
72% gram it is anti-would rather be with the white enzymophathy of prevention, 50% carbendazim of sprinkling can prevent line pinta, and 25% decis of sprinkling can be to prevent
Thrips and moth, while outer spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Ye Mian Bao are controlled, abundant nutrient solution is provided for sponge gourd growth, is conducive to melon
The raising of fruit yield.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Based on the embodiment of the present invention, the common skill in this field
Art personnel all other embodiments obtained without creative efforts belong to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd, the implantation methods include the following steps:
(1) select that physical features is higher and the preferable soil of drainage, and to ensure this block soil in 1 year without plantation silk rolling
Melon excavates a length of 1m, width 0.3m, and depth is the kind planting-line of 0.2m, and applies ammonium hydrogen phosphate 2kg in every square metre of kind planting-line,
Plant ash 5kg, organic fertilizer 4kg;
(2) disease resistance, heat resistance, the stronger excellent sponge gourd seed of moisture-proof are chosen, first with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate before sowing
20min is impregnated, pulls out clean, then 4h is impregnated with 25 DEG C of warm water, is then cleaned with clear water, rinse kind of a skin mucus, with wet yarn
Cloth is wrapped be placed on 30 DEG C under the conditions of vernalization, seed sows after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and per 2 row of the drill seeding, per 2, cave seed, covers broken mud, is covering
50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 800 times of liquid are sprayed on soil;
(3) before after planting emerging, temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C or more, and when emergence leaks informaton, when seedling age two leaves wholeheartedly when spray
The ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid of 100mg/l once, when coming up, throws off bed surface mulch, prevents excessive growth in time;
(4) field is intertilled twice, removes the weeds in field in time, second climb it is climing before, earth up with reference to ditch cleaning
And weeding, promote adventitious root stretching, extension;
(5) when sponge gourd seedling length is to 20cm, built draws climing, after sponge gourd draws climing restocking, every 5 leaves using S-shaped tie up it is climing once,
When the climing top around frame, put gradually downward it is climing, every 15cm put it is climing once, bottom plate around, destroy coiling bottom blade;
(6) after sponge gourd restocking, manage in time it is climing, removal 20% or so male flower, every plant is stayed 1 side shoot, spray in bloom stage 20%
1000 times of liquid of triadimefon, 72% gram of anti-peaceful 1500 times of liquid, 1500 times of liquid of 50% 500 times of carbendazim liquid and 25% decis,
The nutrient solutions such as outer spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Ye Mian Bao are combined while spraying anti-disease pest liquid;
(7) sponge gourd is after the flowers are in blossom 10 days, every harvesting in 1 day once.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd, the implantation methods include the following steps:
(1) select that physical features is higher and the preferable soil of drainage, and to ensure this block soil in 2 years without plantation silk rolling
Melon excavates a length of 1m, width 0.3m, and depth is the kind planting-line of 0.2m, and applies ammonium hydrogen phosphate 3kg in every square metre of kind planting-line,
Plant ash 8kg, organic fertilizer 7kg;
(2) disease resistance, heat resistance, the stronger excellent sponge gourd seed of moisture-proof are chosen, first with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate before sowing
25min is impregnated, pulls out clean, then 3h is impregnated with 25 DEG C of warm water, is then cleaned with clear water, rinse kind of a skin mucus, with wet yarn
Cloth is wrapped be placed on 30 DEG C under the conditions of vernalization, seed sows after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and per 2 row of the drill seeding, per 3, cave seed, covers broken mud, is covering
50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 800 times of liquid are sprayed on soil;
(3) before after planting emerging, temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C or more, and when emergence leaks informaton, when seedling age two leaves wholeheartedly when spray
The ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid of 120mg/l once, when coming up, throws off bed surface mulch, prevents excessive growth in time;
(4) field is intertilled twice, removes the weeds in field in time, second climb it is climing before, earth up with reference to ditch cleaning
And weeding, promote adventitious root stretching, extension;
(5) when sponge gourd seedling length is to 25cm, built draws climing, after sponge gourd draws climing restocking, every 4 leaves using S-shaped tie up it is climing once,
When the climing top around frame, put gradually downward it is climing, every 10cm put it is climing once, bottom plate around, destroy coiling bottom blade;
(6) after sponge gourd restocking, manage in time it is climing, removal 20% or so male flower, every plant is stayed 2 side shoots, spray in bloom stage 20%
1000 times of liquid of triadimefon, 72% gram of anti-peaceful 1500 times of liquid, 1500 times of liquid of 50% 500 times of carbendazim liquid and 25% decis,
The nutrient solutions such as outer spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Ye Mian Bao are combined while spraying anti-disease pest liquid;
(7) sponge gourd is after the flowers are in blossom 12 days, every harvesting in 2 days once.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd, the implantation methods include the following steps:
(1) select that physical features is higher and the preferable soil of drainage, and to ensure this block soil in 1 year without plantation silk rolling
Melon excavates a length of 1m, width 0.3m, and depth is the kind planting-line of 0.2m, and applies ammonium hydrogen phosphate 3kg in every square metre of kind planting-line,
Plant ash 6kg, organic fertilizer 5kg;
(2) disease resistance, heat resistance, the stronger excellent sponge gourd seed of moisture-proof are chosen, first with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate before sowing
21min is impregnated, pulls out clean, then 3h is impregnated with 25 DEG C of warm water, is then cleaned with clear water, rinse kind of a skin mucus, with wet yarn
Cloth is wrapped be placed on 30 DEG C under the conditions of vernalization, seed sows after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and per 2 row of the drill seeding, per 2, cave seed, covers broken mud, is covering
50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 800 times of liquid are sprayed on soil;
(3) before after planting emerging, temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C or more, and when emergence leaks informaton, when seedling age two leaves wholeheartedly when spray
The ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid of 105mg/l once, when coming up, throws off bed surface mulch, prevents excessive growth in time;
(4) field is intertilled twice, removes the weeds in field in time, second climb it is climing before, earth up with reference to ditch cleaning
And weeding, promote adventitious root stretching, extension;
(5) when sponge gourd seedling length is to 22cm, built draws climing, after sponge gourd draws climing restocking, every 4 leaves using S-shaped tie up it is climing once,
When the climing top around frame, put gradually downward it is climing, every 12cm put it is climing once, bottom plate around, destroy coiling bottom blade;
(6) after sponge gourd restocking, manage in time it is climing, removal 20% or so male flower, every plant is stayed 1-2 side shoot, spray in bloom stage
20% 1000 times of triadimefon liquid, 72% gram resists 1500 times of peaceful 1500 times of liquid, 50% 500 times of carbendazim liquid and 25% decis
Liquid combines the nutrient solutions such as outer spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Ye Mian Bao while anti-disease pest liquid is sprayed;
(7) sponge gourd is after the flowers are in blossom 11 days, every harvesting in 1 day once.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd, the implantation methods include the following steps:
(1) select that physical features is higher and the preferable soil of drainage, and to ensure this block soil in 2 years without plantation silk rolling
Melon excavates a length of 1m, width 0.3m, and depth is the kind planting-line of 0.2m, and applies ammonium hydrogen phosphate 2kg in every square metre of kind planting-line,
Plant ash 7kg, organic fertilizer 6kg;
(2) disease resistance, heat resistance, the stronger excellent sponge gourd seed of moisture-proof are chosen, first with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate before sowing
24min is impregnated, pulls out clean, then 3h is impregnated with 25 DEG C of warm water, is then cleaned with clear water, rinse kind of a skin mucus, with wet yarn
Cloth is wrapped be placed on 30 DEG C under the conditions of vernalization, seed sows after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and per 2 row of the drill seeding, per 2, cave seed, covers broken mud, is covering
50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 800 times of liquid are sprayed on soil;
(3) before after planting emerging, temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C or more, and when emergence leaks informaton, when seedling age two leaves wholeheartedly when spray
The ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid of 110mg/l once, when coming up, throws off bed surface mulch, prevents excessive growth in time;
(4) field is intertilled twice, removes the weeds in field in time, second climb it is climing before, earth up with reference to ditch cleaning
And weeding, promote adventitious root stretching, extension;
(5) when sponge gourd seedling length is to 24cm, built draws climing, after sponge gourd draws climing restocking, every 5 leaves using S-shaped tie up it is climing once,
When the climing top around frame, put gradually downward it is climing, every 14cm put it is climing once, bottom plate around, destroy coiling bottom blade;
(6) after sponge gourd restocking, manage in time it is climing, removal 20% or so male flower, every plant is stayed 2 side shoots, spray in bloom stage 20%
1000 times of liquid of triadimefon, 72% gram of anti-peaceful 1500 times of liquid, 1500 times of liquid of 50% 500 times of carbendazim liquid and 25% decis,
The nutrient solutions such as outer spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Ye Mian Bao are combined while spraying anti-disease pest liquid;
(7) sponge gourd is after the flowers are in blossom 12 days, every harvesting in 1 day once.
The implantation methods progressive that the implantation methods of sponge gourd obtained by embodiment in the present invention and the prior art are provided
It can test, test result is as follows:
Above example is only to illustrate the technical solution of type of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although with reference to foregoing implementation
Type of the present invention is described in detail in example, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that:It still can be to foregoing each
Technical solution recorded in embodiment modifies or carries out equivalent substitution to which part technical characteristic;And these are changed
Or replace, the essence of appropriate technical solution is not made to depart from the spirit and scope of each embodiment technical solution of type of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd, which is characterized in that the implantation methods include the following steps:
(1) select that physical features is higher and the preferable soil of drainage, and to ensure this block soil in 1-2 without planting silk rolling
Melon excavates a length of 1m, width 0.3m, and depth is the kind planting-line of 0.2m, and applies ammonium hydrogen phosphate 2- in every square metre of kind planting-line
3kg, plant ash 5-8kg, organic fertilizer 4-7kg;
(2) disease resistance, heat resistance, the stronger excellent sponge gourd seed of moisture-proof are chosen, is first impregnated before sowing with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate
20-25min, pulls out clean, then impregnates 3-4h with 25 DEG C of warm water, is then cleaned with clear water, rinse kind of a skin mucus, with wet yarn
Cloth, which is wrapped, is placed on vernalization under the conditions of certain temperature, and seed is sowed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and per 2 row of the drill seeding, per cave 2-3 seed, covers broken mud,
50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 800 times of liquid are sprayed on overburden soil;
(3) before after planting emerging, temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C or more, and when emergence leaks informaton, when seedling age two leaves wholeheartedly when sprinkling it is certain
The ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid of concentration once, when coming up, throws off bed surface mulch, prevents excessive growth in time;
(4) field is intertilled twice, removes the weeds in field in time, second climb it is climing before, earth up and remove with reference to ditch cleaning
Grass promotes adventitious root stretching, extension;
(5) when sponge gourd seedling length to certain altitude, after sponge gourd draws climing restocking, climing one is tied up per 4-5 pieces leaf using S-shaped for built draws climing
It is secondary, when the climing top around frame, put gradually downward it is climing, every 10-15cm put it is climing once, bottom plate around, destroy coiling bottom blade;
(6) after sponge gourd restocking, manage in time it is climing, removal 20% or so male flower, every plant is stayed certain amount side shoot, spray in bloom stage 20%
1000 times of liquid of triadimefon, 72% gram of anti-peaceful 1500 times of liquid, 1500 times of liquid of 50% 500 times of carbendazim liquid and 25% decis,
The nutrient solutions such as outer spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Ye Mian Bao are combined while spraying anti-disease pest liquid;
(7) after sponge gourd the flowers are in blossom a period of time, every harvesting in 1-2 days once.
2. the implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd according to claim 1, which is characterized in that germination temperature in the step (2)
For 30 DEG C.
3. the implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd according to claim 1, which is characterized in that ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid is dense in the step (3)
It spends for 100-120mg/l.
4. the implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd according to claim 1, which is characterized in that draws climing height in the step (5)
For 20-25cm.
5. the implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd according to claim 1, which is characterized in that every plant of side shoot in the step (6)
Retain 1-2.
6. the implantation methods of high yield sponge gourd according to claim 1, which is characterized in that collecting time in the step (7)
It is sponge gourd after the flowers are in blossom 10-12 days.
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CN108967066A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-12-11 | 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of sponge gourd |
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