CN1078210C - 水溶性吡咯系杀真菌剂 - Google Patents
水溶性吡咯系杀真菌剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1078210C CN1078210C CN95191237A CN95191237A CN1078210C CN 1078210 C CN1078210 C CN 1078210C CN 95191237 A CN95191237 A CN 95191237A CN 95191237 A CN95191237 A CN 95191237A CN 1078210 C CN1078210 C CN 1078210C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- compound
- phenyl
- group
- methyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 title description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 4Be hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006620 amino-(C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract description 55
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000005059 halophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 88
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Natural products OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 70
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 35
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 23
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 21
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 21
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 20
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical class C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 16
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 14
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 11
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229940095731 candida albicans Drugs 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Substances CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241001225321 Aspergillus fumigatus Species 0.000 description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 7
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 7
- 229940091771 aspergillus fumigatus Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940031815 mycocide Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 201000007336 Cryptococcosis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 5
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000221204 Cryptococcus neoformans Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000010934 O-alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 208000024386 fungal infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 4
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 4
- AOSZTAHDEDLTLQ-AZKQZHLXSA-N (1S,2S,4R,8S,9S,11S,12R,13S,19S)-6-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]-12,19-difluoro-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9,13-dimethyl-6-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4[C@@H](F)C3)C)(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]2([C@@]1(C1)C(=O)CO)C)N1CC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 AOSZTAHDEDLTLQ-AZKQZHLXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940126657 Compound 17 Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-triazole Chemical class N1NC=CN1 SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical class [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perisophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002831 pharmacologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950005137 saperconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004544 spot-on Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940037649 staphylococcus haemolyticus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)Cl BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazol-4-one Chemical compound O=C1C=NN=N1 FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种式(Ⅰ)化合物,以及其酸或碱加成盐或其立体化学异构体形式,其中,A和B一起形成-N=CH-,-CH=N-,-CH2-CH2,CH=CH-,-C(=O)-CH2-,-CH2-C(=O);D是式(D1),(D2)和(D3)基团;L是式(L1)和(L2)基团;Alk是C1-4链烷二基;R1是卤;R2是氢或卤;R3是氢,C1-6烷基,苯基或卤代苯基;R4是氢,C1-6烷基,苯基或卤代苯基;R5是氢或C1-6烷基;R6是氢,C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧羰基,或R5和R6与连接它们的氮原子一起形成杂环。并描述了活性中间体、组合物和制备化合物及组合物的方法。
Description
本发明涉及新的水溶性广谱吡咯系杀真菌剂及其杀真菌活性的前体。
人体系统的真菌感染在温带国家是相对稀少的,而且,许多可能成为致病原因的真菌一般共生在体内或常见于环境中。然而,在过去几十年中已经发现大量威胁生命的系统真菌感染发生的机会正在世界范围内增加,而且,它们目前正成为对许多敏感的病人,特别是住院病人的主要威胁。所说增加的大部分起因于免疫损伤病人改善的存活条件和抗微生物药剂的长期使用。而且,许多常规真菌感染的菌丛类型也在改变,这表示增加了对流行病学主流的挑战。最危险的病人是免疫功能失调的病人,一种可能是由细胞毒性药物或HIV感染直接引起的免疫抑制,第二种可能是其它衰弱性疾病如癌症,急性白血病,侵害性外科技术或长时间使用抗微生物药剂。人体最常见的系统真菌感染有念珠菌病,曲菌病,组织胞浆菌病,球孢子菌病,类球孢子菌病,芽生菌病和隐球菌病。
杀真菌剂如酮哌噁咪唑,亚特那唑和氟康唑正更多地用于治疗和预防免疫损伤病人的系统真菌感染。然而,对真菌对其中一些药剂的抵抗作用,特别是对较窄谱的药剂如氟康唑的耐药性的考虑正在增长。更糟的是,在医学界,人们认识到约40%患有严重系统真菌感染的病人很难或根本无法通过口服给药进行治疗。这种无能是由于这些病人处于昏迷状态或患有严重的胃轻瘫。因此,使用不可溶或少量可溶杀真菌剂如亚特那唑或sapercocnazole,即那些难于静脉给药的药剂,是绝对禁止的。
因此需要新的杀真菌剂,优选不存在耐药性的广谱杀真菌剂,而且可以静脉给药。优选地,这样的杀真菌剂应该有利于制成适于口服给药的药物组合物。它能使药剂师在病人从所患的需要用所说的药物静脉给药治疗的疾病恢复后继续用同样的药物治疗。
US-4,267,179公开了用作杀真菌剂和杀菌剂的(4-苯基哌嗪-1-基-芳氧甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基)-甲基-1H-咪唑和1H-1,2,4-三唑杂环衍生物。上述专利还公开了亚特那唑,它现在已在世界范围被用作广谱杀真菌剂。
US-4,916,134提出了具有改进的抗微生物性质的新4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-吡咯甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]三唑酮。该专利还公开了saperconazole。
US-4,791,111公开了[[4-[4-(4-苯基-1-哌嗪基)苯氧基甲基]-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲基]-1H-咪唑和1H-1,2,4-三唑衍生物,其结构与本发明一些化合物有关,并被认为有极好的抗微生物性质。
US-5,039,676公开了吡咯-甲基取代的四氢呋喃,其结构与本发明一些化合物有关,并被认为有杀真菌活性。EP-0,539,938公开了类似的三取代四氢呋喃杀真菌剂。
-N=CH- (a),
-CH=N- (b),
-CH2-CH2- (c),
-CH=CH- (d),
-C(=O)-CH2-(e),
-CH2-C(=O)-(f),
在基团(a)和(b)中的一个氢原子可以被C1-6烷基取代,在基团(c),(d),(e)或(f)中最多有两个氢原子被C1-6烷基取代;
Alk是C1-4链烷二基;
R1是卤;
R2是氢或卤;
R3是氢,C1-6烷基,苯基或卤代苯基;
R4是氢,C1-6烷基,苯基或卤代苯基;
R5是氢或C1-6烷基;
R6是氢,C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧羰基,或
R5和R6与连接它们的氮原子一起形成吡咯烷,哌啶,吗啉,哌嗪或取代的哌嗪环,所说的取代哌嗪是在哌嗪环4-位上被C1-6烷基,羟基C1-6烷基,氨基C1-6烷基,一或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基取代的的哌嗪环。
在以上和以下定义中,术语“卤”指氟,氯,溴和碘;C1-6烷基是同类具有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链烃,例如甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基,戊基或己基或它们可能的支链异构体;在C1-6烷氧基,氨基C1-6烷基,一和二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基中的C1-6烷基定义同上。
上述药物上可接受的酸加成盐意指由式(I)化合物形成的具有治疗活性的无毒酸加成盐。后者可以通过用适当的无机酸或有机酸处理相应的碱形式,很方便地得到。所说元机酸包括氢卤酸如盐酸,氢溴酸等;硫酸;硝酸;磷酸等等;有机酸包括乙酸,丙酸,羟基乙酸,2-羟基丙酸,2-氧丙酸,乙二酸,丙二酸,丁二酸,(Z)-2-丁烯二酸,(E)-2-丁烯二酸,2-羟基丁二酸,2,3-二羟基丁二酸,2-羟基-1,2,3-丙三羧酸,甲磺酸,乙磺酸,苯磺酸,4-甲基苯磺酸,环己烷胺磺酸,2-羟基苯甲酸,4-氨基-2-羟基苯甲酸等等。相反,这些形式的盐可以通过用碱处理转化成游离碱形式。含有酸性质子的式(I)化合物也可以通过用适当的无机或有机碱处理转化成它们的有治疗活性无毒金属或胺加成盐形式。适当的碱盐形式包括铵盐,碱或碱土金属盐,如锂、钠、钾、镁、钙盐等;与有机碱形成的盐,如苄星,N-甲基-D-葡糖胺,2-氨基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇,哈胺盐,以及与氨基酸形成的盐,如精氨酸,赖氨酸等等。相反,这些盐的形式也可以通过用酸处理转化成游离酸形式。
术语“加成盐”也包括由式(I)化合物形成的水合物和溶剂化物形式。这些形式的例子有水合物,醇化物等等。
这里所用的术语“立体化学异构体形式”定义了式(I)化合物可能具有的全部可能的异构体形式。除非另外说明或指出,化合物的化学符号表示所有可能的立体化学异构体形式的混合体,该混合体包含基本分子结构的全部非对映体和对映体。更特别的是,手性中心可以具有R-或S-构型;在二价环状饱和烃基上的取代基,特别是在二氧戊环或四氢呋喃环上的取代基,可以有顺-或反-构型。式(I)化合物的立体化学异构体形式很明显被包括在本发明范围之内。
Alk优选亚甲基或乙二基;
R1最好是氟,氯或溴,优选氟;
R2最好是氢,氟,氯或溴,优选氟;
R3最好是氢或苯基,优选氢;
R4最好是氢或苯基,优选氢;
R5最好是氢,甲基或乙基;
R6最好是氢,甲基或乙基;或
R5和R6最好与它们连接的氮原子一起形成吡咯烷环或取代的哌嗪环。
A和B最好一起构成式(a),(b)或(c)基团。
让人感兴趣的化合物是其中D为式(D1)或(D2)的那些式(I)化合物。
特别令人感兴趣的化合物是其中L为式(L2)基团(其中R5和R6分别为氢或C1-6烷基;或与它们连接的氮原子一起形成吡咯烷,或在哌嗪环的4-位上被C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基取代的哌嗪环)的那些式(I)化合物。
更令人感兴趣的化合物是其中L为式(L1)基团的上述令人感兴趣的化合物。
优选的的式(I)化合物是其中D为式(D1)基团,其中R1是氯或氟及R2是氢,氯或氟;L为式(L1)基团,其中R3和R4分别为苯基或氢的那些式(I)化合物。
其中取代基在二氧戊环或四氢呋喃上的式(I)化合物具有顺式构型,即其中三唑亚甲基取代基和取代的苯氧基亚甲基取代基在二氧戊环或四氢呋喃环平面的同一侧,这种式(I)化合物是优选的。
更优选的化合物如下:
(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基磷酸铵;
(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基磷酸铵;
(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(4-氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基磷酸铵(酯)一水合物;
(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(4-氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基磷酸铵;
(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基4-甲基哌嗪乙酸酯单盐酸盐;
(±)-顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2-[3,3-二甲基-2-(膦酰基氧基)丁基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮半水合物。
最优选的是
(±)-顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2-[3,3-二甲基-2-(膦酰基氧基)丁基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮及其立体化学异构体形式和其碱加成盐。
式(I)化合物一般可以通过中间体式(II)的醇与式(III)酰化或磷酰化试剂的O-酰化或O-磷酰化反应来制备,其中W1是活性离去基团,如羟基或卤。所说反应可依照现有技术中已知的酰化或磷酰化反应方法,例如,在反应惰性溶剂中搅拌该反应物来进行,可任意选择是否与碱混合,以中和反应过程中形成的酸。
式(I)化合物也可以通过式(IV)苯酚与式(V)烷基化试剂的O-烷基化反应来制备,其中W2是活性离去基团,如卤,或磺酰氧基。所说反应在反应惰性溶剂中搅拌该反应物来进行,可任意选择是否与合适的碱混合,以中和反应过程中形成的酸。除非另有说明,否则,以后提到的化合物和中间体中的取代基定义如上。
其中D为式D1基团的式(V)中间体的制备方法已公开于美国专利4,267,179。其中D为式D3基团的式(V)中间体的制备方法公开于EP-0,539,938。
其中L为式L2基团的式(I)化合物(用式(I-b)表示)也可以通过式(II)中间体与式(IV)试剂的O-酰化反应,接着将得到的式(VII)中间体与式(VIII)胺反应来制备,得到式(Ib)化合物。
还可以按照现有技术中已知的转换方法将式(I)化合物彼此转化为各种形式。例如,其中L为式L1基团的式(I)化合物(由式(I-a)表示)可以按下列方法相互转化。其中R3和/或R4是C1-6烷基,苯基或卤代苯基的式(I-a)化合物可以用现有技术中的水解方法转化成其中R3和/或R4是氢的式(I-a)化合物,例如,在适当溶剂如水或1,4-二噁烷中与氢氧化钠反应。
式(I-b)化合物也可以按照下列方法进行相互转化。可以通过现有技术中已知的N-烷基化反应将其中R5和/或R6是氢的式(I-b)化合物转化成其中R5和/或R6是C1-6烷基的式(I-b)化合物。还可以通过现有技术中已知的N-酰化反应将其中R6是氢的式(I-b)化合物转化成其中R6是C1-6烷氧基羰基的式(I-b)化合物。相反,其中R6是C1-6烷氧基羰基的式(I-b)化合物可以通过现有技术中已知的水解反应转化成其中R6是氢的式(I-b)化合物。
按照上述制备式(I)化合物中所述的O-烷基化方法,通过用式(V)烷基化试剂来O-烷基化式(X)试剂,接着还原这样形成的式(XI)中间体,也可以制备式(II)中间体。所说还原反应可以通过用还原剂如硼氢化钠,在反应惰性溶剂如卤代烃(如二氯甲烷)或醇(如甲醇)或它们的混合物中搅拌中间体(XI)来完成。
式(X)中间体的制备方法公开于US-4,931,444。
本发明化合物和中间体的纯立体化学异构体形式可以运用现有技术中已知的方法得到。非对映异构体也可以用物理分离方法来分离,例如选择性结晶法和色谱技术,如液体色谱分离。对任意选用活化酸的非对映体盐进行选择性结晶可使对映体彼此分离。或者,通过手性固定相的色谱分离将对映体分离。如果反应是立体有择的,所说纯立体化学异构体形式可以从适当起始原料的相应的纯立体化学异构体形式衍生。如果需要某一具体立体异构体,可优选采用立体有择制备方法合成所说化合物。这些方法将有利于使用对映体形式的纯起始原料。式(I)化合物的立体化学异构体形式显然属于本发明范围。
式(I)化合物及其药物上可接受的酸或碱加成盐和立体化学异构体形式被用作体内抗真菌和细菌制剂。而且,式(I)化合物可溶于水溶液,这标志着它适于静脉内给药。已发现,该化合物具有广泛的杀死下列各种真菌的活性,如白色念珠菌、烟曲霉菌(Aspergillus fumigatus)、新型隐球菌、粗球孢子菌、荚膜组织胞浆菌、皮炎芽生菌、申克氏孢子丝菌(Sporothrix schenkii)、佩德罗索氏产色芽生菌(Fonsecaea sp.)、小孢子菌属、Paracoccidioides immitis、发癣菌属(Trichophytonsp.)、腐肉分支孢子菌和杀死下列细菌的活性,如丹毒丝菌属、葡萄球菌属如Staphylococcus haemolyticus和链球菌属如酿脓链球菌。
中间体式(II)化合物及其药物上可接受的酸加成盐和立体化学异构体形式也可用于治疗或预防与真菌感染有关的疾病,因此构成本发明的另一方面。令人感兴趣的式(II)化合物有:顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2,4-二氢-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基-丁基]-3H-1 ,2,4-三唑-3-酮及其药物上可接受的酸加成盐和立体化学异构体形式。
本发明还提供了治疗或预防真菌感染的组合物,该组合物含有效杀真菌量的式(I)化合物或式(II)中间体以及药物上可接受的载体或稀释剂。
根据它们可用于药物学这一性质,本发明化合物可根据不同的给药目的而制成各种形式的制剂。为制备本发明药物组合物,将有效量的具体化合物(以碱或酸加成盐形式,作为活性组分)和药物上可接受的载体充分混合,这些载体可以是各种形式,这取决于适于给药的制剂形式。这些药物组合物应根据需要制成适于给药的单位剂量形式,优选口服,直肠,经过皮肤或胃肠外注射给药。例如,在制备口服剂量形式的组合物时,任何通常的药物介质都可以使用。如果制成口服液体制剂形式如悬浮剂,糖浆,酏剂和溶液,则用水,甘醇,油,醇等;如果制成粉剂,丸剂,胶囊和片剂,则用固体载体如淀粉,糖,高岭土,润滑剂,粘结剂,分散剂等。由于片剂和胶囊便于给药,因此绝大部分口服剂量单位使用的是片剂或胶囊,因而也就使用固体药物载体。对于胃肠外组合物,所用载体通常包括无菌水,而且,水占了绝大比例。当然,为增加溶解性,可能还有其它成分,如环糊精。对于注射用溶液,可用于制备的载体包括,例如,盐水溶液,葡萄糖溶液,或盐水和葡萄糖溶液的混合液。对于制备注射用悬浮液,可使用适当液体载体和悬浮剂等。对于适于经皮肤给药的组合物,载体中可任意包含渗透性提高剂和/或适当润湿剂,或任意与适当只占极小比例的添加剂混合,该添加剂的使用以对皮肤不造成明显伤害为原则。所说添加剂可强化对皮肤的给药和/或对制备所需组合物有利。这些组合物可以各种途径给药,例如,作为皮肤擦剂(transdermalpatch),滴剂(spot-on),软膏。它特别有利于制成前面提到的为便于给药和剂量统一而采用的单位剂量形式的药物组合物。说明书和权利要求书中所说的单位剂量形式指适于作为统一剂量药剂的物理上分散的单元,每个单元含有预定量的经过计算可以产生所需治疗效果的活性组分和所需的药物载体。这些单位剂量形式的实例有片剂(包括刻量(scored)或包衣片剂),胶囊,丸剂,粉剂包,糯米纸囊剂,可注射溶液或悬浮液,茶匙量或大汤匙量等等,以及它们的多倍量分装形式。
适合的环糊精衍生物有α-,β-,γ-环糊精或醚及其混合醚,其中的环糊精的葡糖酐单元的一个或多个羟基被下列基团取代:C1-6烷基,特别是甲基,乙基或异丙基;羟基C1-6烷基,特别是羟乙基,羟丙基或羟基丁基;羧基C1-6烷基,特别是羧甲基或羧乙基;C1-6烷基羰基,特别是乙酰基;C1-6烷氧羰基C1-6烷基或羧基C1-6烷基-氧基C1-6烷基,特别是羧甲氧基丙基或羧乙氧基丙基;C1-6烷基羰基氧基C1-6烷基,特别是2-乙酰氧基丙基。特别值得注意的配位剂和/或加溶剂有β-CD,2,6-二甲基-β-CD,2-羟乙基-β-CD,2-羟乙基-γ-CD,2-羟丙基-γ-CD和(2-羧基甲氧基)丙基-β-CD,特别是2-羟丙基-β-CD。
术语“混合醚”指这样的环糊精衍生物,其至少两个环糊精羟基被不同的基团醚化,如羟丙基和羟乙基。
对于本领域普通技术人员来说,用这里给出的试验结果很容易确定治疗温血动物由真菌和/或细菌引起的疾病的有效量。一般,有效量为0.01-50mg/kg(体重)是所期望的,但更优选0.05-20mg/kg(体重)。
实验部分
某些式(I)化合物的绝对立体化学构型不是实验确定的。在这种情况下,首先被分离的立体化学异构体被称作“A”,其次被称作“B”。
A.中间体的制备
实施例1
向搅拌的和冰浴冷却的2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,2-丙二醇(30g),甲磺酸(50ml)和二氯甲烷(500ml)的混合物中滴加1-溴-2,2-二乙氧基乙烷(17ml)。在0℃搅拌3小时后,将反应混合物倒入碳酸氢钠(当量)中,用二氯甲烷萃取产物。将萃取液干燥,过滤并蒸发,剩余物用柱色谱纯化两次(硅胶;CHCl3/CH3OH99∶1;CHCl3/CH3OH/己烷/CH3COOC2H549∶1∶20∶30)。蒸发掉所需流分中的洗脱剂,得到8g(19.0%)顺-1-[[2-(溴甲基)-4-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑;m.p.76.3℃(中间体1)。
实施例2
在70℃氮气中搅拌2-(3,3-二甲基-2-氧丁基)-2,4-二氢-4-[4-[4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮(0.01mol)和氢化钠(0.012mol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100ml)中的混合物。加入中间体1(0.012mol),并将混合物继续搅拌过夜。再加入中间体1(2g),并将混合物在70℃搅拌6小时,然后在室温搅拌过夜。蒸发混合物,将剩余物溶解于二氯甲烷并洗涤。干燥,过滤和蒸发有机相,剩余物在硅胶上用柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2/己烷/乙酸乙酯50/20/30)。收集和蒸发纯的流分,剩余物在玻璃过滤器中通过硅胶/NH2进一步纯化(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2)。收集和蒸发纯的流分,剩余物从乙酸乙酯结晶,得到2.2g(31%)(±)-顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[4-(2,4-二氟苯基)-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2-(3,3-二甲基-2-氧丁基)-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;m.p.197.1℃(中间体2)。
实施例3
a)将顺-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-甲醇(0.2mol)在吡啶(400ml)和二氯甲烷(250ml)中的混合物在室温下搅拌,滴加4-氰基苯甲酰氯(0.22mol)的二氯甲烷(150ml)溶液。将反应混合物在室温搅拌24小时,然后用水稀释。分离,干燥(MgSO4)及过滤有机相,并蒸发掉溶剂,剩余物从甲苯结晶。滤出晶体并干燥。将此部分在Chiracell OD柱上用柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:C2H5OH)。将第一峰流分合并,并蒸发溶剂,剩余物从4-甲基-2-戊酮结晶。滤出晶体并干燥,得到21.2g(24.9%)(+)-顺-[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]-甲基4-氰基苯甲酸酯;m.p.146.3℃;[α]D 20=+22.71°(c=0.5%于甲醇中)(中间体3)。将第二峰流分合并,并蒸发溶剂,剩余物从4-甲基-2-戊酮结晶。滤出晶体并干燥,得到21.4g(25.1%)(-)-顺-[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]-甲基4-氰基苯甲酸酯;m.p.144.0℃;[α]D 20=-22.64°(c=0.5%于甲醇中)(中间体4)。
b)将中间体3(0.049mol)和50%氢氧化钠(0.059mol)的水(300ml)和1,4-二噁烷(300ml)的混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。蒸发溶剂,剩余物在水和二氯甲烷之间分配。分离有机相,干燥(MgSO4)和过滤。蒸发掉溶剂,剩余物从4-甲基-2-戊酮结晶。滤出晶体并干燥,得到10.1g(70%)(+)-顺-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-甲醇;m.p.123.0℃;[α]D 20=+16.58°(c=0.5%于甲醇中)(中间体5)。
用类似的方法可以制备(-)-顺-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-甲醇;m.p.123.2℃;[α]D 20=-15.97°(c=0.5%于甲醇中)(中间体6)。
c)将中间体5(0.02mol)和N,N-二乙基乙胺(0.03mol)在二氯甲烷(50ml)中的混合物在室温下搅拌。滴加甲磺酰氯(0.03mol),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌过夜。蒸发溶剂,剩余物在甲苯和水之间分配。滤出形成的沉淀并干燥,然后从2,2′-氧双戊烷/4-甲基-2-戊酮中重结晶。滤出沉淀并干燥(真空;40℃),得到两部分。合并这两部分,并从2,2′-氧双戊烷/4-甲基-2-戊酮中重结晶。滤出沉淀并干燥(真空40℃),得到5.88g(78.3%)(+)-顺-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-甲醇甲磺酸盐(或酯);[α]D 20=+15.50°(c=0.2%于甲醇中)(中间体7)。
用类似的方法可以制备(-)-顺-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-甲醇甲磺酸盐(或酯);[α]D 20=-14.50°(c=0.2%于甲醇中)(中间体8)。
实施例4
a)将2,4-二氢-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基-丁基]-4-[4-[4-(4-羟基苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮(0.046mol),2-(氯二甲基甲硅烷基)-2-甲基丙烷(0.063mol)和1H-咪唑(0.19mol)于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(300ml)中的混合物在50℃搅拌4小时。将反应混合物倒入水中。滤出所得沉淀并干燥,得到21g(83%)产物。取1g样品在2,2′-氧基双丙烷中研制,过滤并干燥,得到0.7g(±)-4-[4-[4-[4-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;m.p.196.1℃(中间体9)。
b)将中间体9(0.036mol,对映体的混合物)在ChiracellOD柱上用柱色谱法分解成各自的对映体(洗脱剂:正己烷/2-丙醇65/35)。收集对应于第一色谱峰的流分,并蒸发掉溶剂。剩余物从乙腈中结晶,滤出沉淀并干燥(真空;50℃),得到1.56g(7.8%)(-)-4-[4-[4-[4-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮(中间体10)。然后,收集对应于第二色谱峰的流分,并蒸发掉溶剂。剩余物从乙腈中结晶,滤出沉淀并干燥(真空;50℃),得到2.28g(11.4%)(+)-4-[4-[4-[4-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮(中间体11)。
c)将中间体10(0.0135mol)于二氯甲烷(150ml)中的混合物充分搅拌,直到完全溶解。将四丁基氟化铵的四氢呋喃(0.015mol)溶液一次加到上述混合物中,并在室温搅拌1小时。用水(150ml)稀释该混合物,并搅拌1小时。滤出的沉淀从2-甲氧基乙醇重结晶。滤出产物并干燥(真空;60℃),得到4.7g(79.6%)(-)-2,4-二氢-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-4-[4-[4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;[α]D 20=-3.14°(c=0.1%于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中)(中间体12)。
用类似的方法制备(+)-2,4-二氢-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-4-[4-[4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;[α]D 20=+6.22°(c=0.1%于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中)(中间体13)。
实施例5
将顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮(9.3g),1-溴-3,3-二甲基-2-丁酮(2.8g),碳酸钠(6.4g)和1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮(52.2g)的混合物在100℃搅拌5小时。冷却后,将反应混合物倒入水中。滤出形成的沉淀,并溶解于二氯甲烷。将该溶液干燥,过滤并蒸发,剩余物用柱色谱纯化(硅胶;CH2Cl2/CH3OH98∶2)。蒸发掉所需流分中的洗脱剂,剩余物从4-甲基-2-戊酮中结晶。滤出产物并干燥,得到5.5g(51.3%)顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2-(3,3-二甲基-2-氧丁基)-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;m.p.176.2℃(中间体14)。
实施例6
将四氢硼酸钠(0.3g)的水溶液滴加到中间体14(4.5g),1,4-二噁烷(40ml)和甲醇(3ml)的混合物中。搅拌过夜后,将反应混合物倒入水中,并用乙酸酸化至±pH5。滤出形成的沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,并用柱色谱纯化(硅胶;CH2Cl2/CH3OH98∶2)。蒸发掉所需流分中的洗脱剂,剩余物从2-丙醇中结晶,得到2.2g(48.7%)顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2,4-二氢-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;m.p.196.4℃(中间体15)。
实施例7
将氢化钠(0.00675mol)分批加到室温搅拌的中间体12(0.00595mol)于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50ml)中的混合物中。混合物在室温继续搅拌90分钟。加入中间体7(0.0054mol),并将反应混合物在60℃搅拌4小时。冷却混合物并蒸发溶剂,剩余物在二氯甲烷和水之间分配。分离有机相,干燥和过滤,并蒸发溶剂。剩余物在氨基丙基柱上进行柱色谱纯化(洗涤剂:CH2Cl2/CH3OH96/4)。收集纯流分,并蒸发溶剂,剩余物从4-甲基-2-戊酮中结晶,滤出沉淀并干燥(真空;50℃),得到1.67g(43.1%)(+)-[顺(+)(B)]-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2,4-二氢-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;m.p.191.9℃;[α]D 20=+12.03°(c=0.5%于二氯甲烷中)(中间体20)。表1
中间体号 | 实施例号 | R | R1 | R2 | 物理数据 |
151617181920212223 | 666667777 | HHHHHHHHH | FClClFFFFFF | FClHHHFFFF | mp.196.4℃/顺mp.187.1℃/顺mp.201.5℃/顺mp.213.2℃/顺mp.211.1℃/反mp.191.9℃/[α]20 D=+12.03°(c=0.5%于二氯甲烷)/(+)-[顺(+)(B)]mp.213.2℃/[α]20 D=-7.89°(c=0.5%于二氯甲烷)(-)-[顺(-)(B)]mp.212.5℃/[α]20 D=+8.38°(c=0.5%于二氯甲烷)(+)-[顺(+)(A)]mp.185.6℃/[α]20 D=-5.08°(c=0.5%于N.N-二甲基甲酰胺)(-)[顺(-)(A)] |
实施例8
将中间体2(0.0025mol)于二氯甲烷(100ml)和甲醇(100ml)中的混合物在室温搅拌,然后加入硼氢化钠(0.005mol),并将混合物搅拌4小时。加水(100ml)后将混合物搅拌过夜并分离。洗涤有机相,干燥,过滤并蒸发。剩余物从乙酸乙酯结晶,得到1.6g(89.3%)(±)-顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[4-(2,4-二氟苯基)-4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2,4-二氢-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;m.p.184.1℃(中间体24)。
实施例9
将2,4-二氢-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-4-[4-[4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮(0.0035mol),顺-[5-(2,4-二氟苯基)四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-3-呋喃甲醇4-甲苯磺酸酯(其制备方法公开于欧洲专利申请0,539,938)(0.0033mol)和氢氧化钠(0.01mol)于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50ml)中的混合物在50℃氮气中搅拌4小时,然后在60℃氮气中搅拌2小时。冷却混合物并加水。将结晶产物过滤并干燥,剩余物在玻璃过滤器中通过硅胶纯化(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2/CH3OH99/1)。收集含纯产物流分并蒸发,剩余物从二恶烷/2,2′-氧基双丙烷中重结晶,得到1.7g(72%)(±)-顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[5-(2,4-二氟苯基)四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-3-呋喃基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2,4-二氢-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;m.p.210.8℃(中间体25)。
实施例10
将氯乙酰氯(0.02mol)加到搅拌的中间体15(0.0082mol)和二氯甲烷(100ml)的混合物中,滴加吡啶(0.037mol),并将混合物搅拌2小时。加入1N盐酸(50ml),再搅拌2小时并分离。用碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤有机相,干燥,过滤并蒸发。将剩余物结晶,并在4-甲基-2-戊酮/2,2′-氧基双丙烷中结晶,得到6.3g(96.8%)产物。取1g样品在4-甲基-2-戊酮中重结晶,得到0.6g(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基氯乙酸酯(中间体26)。
实施例11
将(±)-2,4-二氢-4-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-2-[4-[4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮(0.0068mol),(±)-顺-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-甲醇甲磺酸盐(酯)(0.0082mol)和氢氧化钠(0.025mol)于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100ml)中的混合物在60℃氮气中搅拌4小时。冷却混合物并加水,再搅拌。过滤沉淀并干燥,剩余物在玻璃过滤器中通过硅胶纯化(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2/CH3OH/乙酸乙酯/正己烷48/2/30/20)。收集纯流分并蒸发,剩余物从4-甲基-2-戊酮中重结晶,得到1.1g(22%)(±)-顺-2-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2,4-二氢-4-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮;m.p.201.2℃(中间体27)。
实施例12
搅拌(±)-顺-1-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-3-(3,3-二甲基-2-氧丁基)-1,3-二氢-2H-咪唑-2-酮(0.0036mol)于甲醇(50ml)和二氯甲烷(50ml)中的混合物,然后加入硼氢化钠(0.01mol),并将混合物在室温搅拌1小时。加水(100ml)后将混合物再搅拌1小时。分离混合物,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相被干燥,过滤和蒸发。剩余物在玻璃过滤器中通过硅胶纯化(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2/CH3OH99/1)。收集纯流分并蒸发,剩余物从4-甲基-2-戊酮中结晶,得到1.9g(73%)(±)-顺-1-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-3-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-2-咪唑烷酮;m.p.196.8℃(中间体29)。表2
中间体号 | 实施例号 | A-B | 物理数据 |
27282930 | 11111211 | -N=CH--(C=O)-C(CH3)2--CH2-CH2--CH=N | mp.201.2℃mp.141.8℃mp.196.8℃mp.147.6℃/(+)-[(B.顺),B]/[α]D 20=+1.20°(c=0.5%于甲醇中)/ |
B.最终化合物的制备
实施例13
将中间体15(0.0014mol),氯磷酸二苯酯(0.003mol)和N,N-二甲基-4-吡啶胺(1g)于二氯甲烷(30ml)中的混合物在室温搅拌2小时。混合物通过硅胶玻璃过滤器纯化(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2/CH3OH 98/2)。收集纯流分并蒸发,剩余物从4-甲基-2-戊酮/2,2′-氧基双丙烷中重结晶,得到1.1g(83%)(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基二苯基磷酸酯;m.p.170.8℃(化合物1)。
实施例14
将化合物1(0.0029mol)和分散在1,4-二噁烷(50ml)中的50%氢氧化钠(5g)的混合物在室温搅拌6小时。加水(200ml)后混合物用dicalite过滤,滤液用盐酸酸化至pH=2-3。将混合物用二氯甲烷萃取三次,干燥,过滤和蒸发合并的有机相。将剩余物溶解于饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(100ml),用2,2′-氧基双丙烷洗涤,用二氯甲烷(500ml)和甲醇(100ml)萃取两次。干燥,过滤和蒸发合并的有机相,剩余物从2-丙醇和少量水中结晶,得到1.2g(46%)(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基苯基磷酸钠;m.p.167.0℃(化合物2)。
实施例15
将化合物1(0.0038mol)和分散在1,4-二噁烷(100ml)中的50%氢氧化钠(5g)的混合物在室温搅拌过夜。加水(600ml)后混合物用dicalite过滤,滤液用盐酸酸化。滤出沉淀(*),滤液用二氯甲烷萃取。蒸发混合物,将剩余物,沉淀(*)和50%氢氧化钠(5g)的混合物在60℃搅拌24小时。再加入50%氢氧化钠(3g),并将混合物在60℃搅拌48小时。冷却混合物,用1N盐酸酸化至pH=4,再用二氯甲烷萃取。干燥,过滤和蒸发合并的有机相,剩余物在甲醇(70ml)中煮沸。过滤,滤液中加入甲醇/氨(20ml)。混合物在2-丙醇(20ml)中煮沸,然后冷却。过滤混合物,将沉淀溶解于水(200ml),然后用乙酸乙酯洗涤两次。水相用1N盐酸酸化,再用二氯甲烷萃取三次。干燥,过滤和蒸发合并的有机相,剩余物溶解于甲醇(70ml),并加入甲醇/氨(10ml)。滤出沉淀并干燥,得到1.6g(51%)(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基磷酸铵;m.p.189.6℃(化合物3)。
实施例16
在氮气流中将50%氢氧化钠(1.4mol)加到悬浮于1,4-二噁烷(1400ml)的(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基二苯基磷酸酯(0.07mol)中。将所得悬浮液加热至60℃,并在60℃加热反应溶液92小时。将混合物冷却至25℃,然后倒入蒸馏水(5.25升)中,并剧烈搅拌1小时。过滤混合物,滤液用盐酸酸化至pH=2.7,产生沉淀。水相用CH2Cl2(1×2升;1×1.5升)萃取。合并的萃取液用Na2SO4干燥并过滤,蒸发溶剂。剩余物(71.02g;124.7%产率)在2-丙醇(1050ml)中搅拌,加热至回流温度,搅拌并回流5分钟,剧烈搅拌的同时在冰浴上冷却,冷却至20℃,继续搅拌过夜。滤出沉淀,用2-丙醇(1×35ml)和二异丙醚(2×35ml)洗涤,然后干燥(真空;50℃),得到48.10g(±)-顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2-[3,3-二甲基-2-(膦酰氧基)丁基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮半水合物;m.p.156.2℃(化合物17)。
实施例17
将1-脱氧-1-(甲氨基)-D-葡糖醇(0.02mol)加到化合物17(0.005mol)和水(70ml)的混合物中,搅拌混合物直到完全溶解(30分钟)。蒸发溶剂。加入甲苯,并在旋转蒸发器上共沸。加入乙醇(250ml)并剧烈搅拌混合物。在冰浴中冷却混合物,然后搅拌1小时得到沉淀。将混合物升至室温(20℃),并在室温下搅拌18小时。滤出所得沉淀,用乙醇和二异丙醚(2×10ml)洗涤,并干燥(真空;50℃),得到6.14g(1)。蒸发滤液,干燥(真空;50℃)剩余物,得到1.98g(2)。将(1)部分研磨,并在乙醇(200ml)中剧烈搅拌5小时。滤出所得沉淀,用乙醇(4×5ml)洗涤,并干燥(真空;45-50℃;64小时),得到4.98g(±)-顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2-[3,3-二甲基-2-(膦酰氧基)丁基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮1-脱氧-1-(甲氨基)-D-葡糖醇(1∶2)一水合物(化合物18)。
实施例18
将中间体26(0.0025mol)与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50ml)中的吡咯烷(0.014mol)的混合物在室温搅拌4小时。加水并搅拌。滤出沉淀用水洗涤,并通过硅胶玻璃过滤器纯化(洗脱剂1:CH2Cl2/CH3OH98/2;洗脱剂2:CH2Cl2/CH3OH95/5)。收集有用的流分并蒸发,剩余物溶解于二氯甲烷(100ml),并与0.4N盐酸(50ml)一起搅拌。将混合物分离,水相用二氯甲烷萃取四次。干燥,过滤和蒸发合并的有机相。将油状残余物溶解于二氯甲烷,用碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,干燥,过滤并蒸发。剩余物从4-甲基-2-戊酮中结晶,得到1.1g(53%)(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基1-吡咯烷乙酸酯;m.p.156.7℃(化合物28)。
实施例19
将中间体16(0.0066mol),4-甲基-1-哌嗪乙酸二盐酸盐(0.013mol),1,3-二环己基碳化二亚胺(0.026mol)和N,N-二甲基-4-吡啶胺(0.026mol)于二氯甲烷(100ml)中的混合物在室温搅拌4小时。加入1N盐酸(200ml)后再搅拌1小时。滤出沉淀,加水(600ml),并将混合物分离(*)。水相用二氯甲烷(100ml)洗涤后分离。水相用吡啶中和,然后用二氯甲烷萃取四次。干燥,过滤和蒸发合并的有机相,得到4.5g部分(1)。(*)有机相用1N盐酸(100ml)洗涤并分离。水相用吡啶中和,然后用二氯甲烷萃取两次。干燥,过滤和蒸发合并的有机相,得到2g部分(2)。将部分(1)和部分(2)混合,并从2%乙腈水溶液/2,2′-氧基双丙烷中重结晶,得到3.8g(61%)(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基4-甲基-1-哌嗪乙酸酯·一盐酸盐·半水合物;m.p.156.0℃(化合物32)。
实施例20
将在2-丙醇(10ml)盐酸溶液中的化合物17(0.0034mol)与二氯甲烷(60ml)的混合物搅拌回流30分钟。蒸发混合物,剩余物溶解于水后过滤。滤液用碳酸氢钠溶液中和,并用二氯甲烷萃取。干燥,过滤和蒸发有机相,剩余物溶解于0.5N盐酸(50ml),用乙酸乙酯(100ml)洗涤三次。水相用吡啶中和,并用二氯甲烷萃取三次。干燥,过滤和蒸发合并的有机相,剩余物从乙腈和少量N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中结晶,得到1.3g(46%)(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基β-氨基丙酸一盐酸盐;m.p.217.9℃(化合物36)。
实施例21
将(±)-顺-N-[1-[3-[1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙氧基]-3-氧丙基]-1,4-二氢-4-亚吡啶基]-N-甲基甲烷氯化铵一水合物(0.0024mol)和吡咯烷(0.01mol)于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50ml)中的混合物在室温搅拌1小时。将混合物倒入水中,并用二氯甲烷萃取三次。合并的有机相用水洗涤,然后干燥,过滤和蒸发。剩余物溶解于0.5N盐酸(500ml),然后用乙酸乙酯(100ml)洗涤三次。干燥,过滤和蒸发合并的有机相,剩余物从4-甲基-2-戊酮和水(0.5ml)中结晶。剩余部分通过硅胶玻璃过滤器纯化(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2/CH3OH96/4)。收集有用的流分并蒸发。将剩余物溶解于1N盐酸(50ml),用吡啶中和,再用二氯甲烷萃取五次。干燥,过滤和蒸发合并的有机相,剩余物从4-甲基-2-戊酮和水(5滴)中结晶,得到1.1g(51%)(±)-顺-1-[[4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]甲基]-2,2-二甲基丙基1-吡咯烷丙酸酯·一盐酸盐·一水合物;m.p.154.4℃(化合物37)。
表3
表4
化合物号 | 实施例号 | R | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | 物理数据 |
12345678910111213 | 13141513151315131513151313 | HHHHHHHHHHHHH | FFFClClClClFFFFFF | FFFClClHHHHFFFF | C6H5HHC6H5HC6H5HC6H5HC6H5HC6H5C6H5 | C6H5C6H5HC6H5HC6H5HC6H5HC6H5HC6H5C6H5 | mp.170.8℃mp.167.0℃/Na+mp.189.6℃/NH4 +mp.167.1℃mp.188.2℃/NH4 +mp.174.2℃mp.195.5℃/NH4 +mp.184.6℃mp.159.8℃/NH4 +mp.147.6℃[α]D 20=+1.20°(c=0.5%于甲醇中)(+)-[(B-顺),B]mp.200.7℃/NH4 +[α]D 20=-5.8°(c=0.1%in DMF)(+)-[(B-顺),B]mp.76.6℃[α]D 20=-15.89°(c=0.1%in.methanol)(-)-[(A-顺),B]mp.76.7℃[α]D 20=13.62°(c=0.1%于甲醇中)(-)-[(B-顺),A] |
化合物号 | 实施例号 | R | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | 物理数据 |
1415161718192021222324252627 | 1313151617171715151616161615 | HHHHHHHHHHHHHH | FFFFFFFFFFFFFF | FFFFFFFFFFFFFF | C6H5C6H5HHHHHHHHHHHH | C6H5C6H5HHHHHHHHHHHH | mp.145.7℃[α]D 20=-3.52°(c=O.1%于甲醇中(-)-[(A-顺),A]顺mp.201.3℃/NH4 +顺mp.156.2℃顺1/2H2Omp.117.6℃顺2CH3-NH-CH2-(C-OH)4-CH2-OHmp.184.7℃/顺C(CH2-OH)3NH2mp.251.7℃/2 Na+顺.7/2 H2Omp.202.7℃/NH4 +/[α]D 20=51.72°(c=0.5%于DMF)/(-)[(B-顺),A][(A-顺),A]mp.171.6℃[α]D 20=+10.93°(c=O.5%于DMF)[(B-顺),A].H2ONH4 +/[(A-顺),B]mp.167.8℃/[α]D 20=+12.59°(c=1%于DMF)[α]D 20=370°(c=O.5%于甲醇中) |
C.物理化学实施例
实施例22
溶解性
将过量化合物(列于表中)加到5ml溶剂(具体的溶剂如表中所列)中。混合物在室温不停地摇动1小时。滤出沉淀,测量留下的溶剂的pH值并列于表中。通过UV-谱仪测量化合物的浓度,并列于表中“溶解性”一栏。
化合物号 | 溶剂 | pH | 溶解性(mg/ml) |
23792930333436373831 | 水水水水0.1NHCl0.1NHCl0.1NHCl0.1NHCl0.1NHCl0.1NHCl0.1NHCl0.1NHCl | 7.016.956.806.651.621.651.651.751.251.261.591.53 | >631.930.352.654.895.22>6>6>6>6>6>6 |
D.药理学实施例
实施例23
小鼠三联真菌病模型
对感染真菌的小鼠模型进行试验化合物活性的评价,即联合建立三种真菌病--阴道念珠菌病,皮肤毛癣菌病和播散性曲菌病。对10个一组的小鼠皮下注射戊酸雌二醇(500μg),然后在第0天用下列药物接种:静脉注射100,000克隆形成单元(CFU)/g烟曲霉(Aspergillus Fumigatus)B19119,阴道内使用含108白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)细胞的悬浮液和在有轻微刻痕的背部皮肤上使用Trichophyton quinckeanum的水悬浮液。用试验化合物治疗(口服或静脉)开始于感染的那天并持续5天。统计全部相继死亡和第6天存活和死亡的动物个数,以计算烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)CFU/g在肾和脾中的数量,皮肤损伤程度(0=无可见损伤;1=少量点损伤;2=中度损伤;3=严重损伤)和阴道拭布上的白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)CFU。小鼠传播Candida模型
10个一组的小鼠被静脉注射8×105白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)CFU。感染的当天进行治疗,并每天重复地进行9天。测量相继死亡或在第10天死亡的所有小鼠的肾白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)CFU。
下表指出所列化合物在三联真菌病模型,或传播Candida感染中达到使Candida平均减小1log(即一个数量级)或更多的最低浓度,以及在这个模型的皮肤真菌病部分降低平均皮肤得分在1.0以下的最小浓度(NT=未试验,IV=静脉内)。表
化合物号 | 小鼠三联真菌病模型 | 小鼠传播Candida模型 | |||
阴道Candida CFU减小1个或1个量级以上 | 皮肤真菌皮肤得分减小到≤1 | 肾Candida CFU减小1个或1个数量级以上 | |||
IV途径 | 口服途径 | IV途径 | 口服途径 | IV途径 | |
34317 | 2.52.5<2.5 | 2.52.5NT | 2.52.5<2.5 | 2.52.5NT | 510NT |
实施例24
真菌敏感性测定
一组Candida分离菌加上各皮肤真菌Microsporum canis,Trichophyton rnbrum和T.mentagrophytes的单个分离菌;Aspergillus fumigates和Cryptococcusneoformans被用来评价试验化合物在体外的活性。接种(的真菌)被制成液体培养物(酵母)或由琼脂斜面培养物(霉菌)制成的真菌悬浮液。将试验化合物从DMSO储藏溶液中移吸到水中,以达到一系列×10量级的稀释度。接种的真菌被悬浮在生长培养基CYG(F.C.Odds,Journal of Clinical Microbiology,29,2735-2740,1991)中,以约每毫升50000克隆形成单元(CFU)的剂量加到试验药物的水溶液中。
将培养物滴入96孔塑料微稀释盘中,然后将它们在37℃培养2天(Candidaspp.)或在30℃培养5天(其它真菌)。通过在405nm处测量波长确定的光密度(OD)来测量微培养物中的生长情况。含试验化合物的培养物的OD由对比、无药OD的百分比来计算。相比对照组,35%的生长抑制或更少被记录并认为是巨大的抑制。
中间体15,16,17,18,24的最小抑制浓度(MICs)范围从小于0.01到约10μM:Candida glabrata,克柔化念珠菌(Candida krusei),Candida parapsilosis,无噁唑-阻力,白色念珠菌(Candida albicans),Candida kefyr,大小孢子菌属(Microsporum canis),深红色发癣菌(Trichophyton rubrum),须发癣菌(Trichophytonmentagrophytes),新型隐球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans),烟曲霉(Asprgillusfumigatus)。E.组合物实施例
在下列各实施例中所用的“活性组分”(A.I.)涉及式(I)化合物及其药物上可接受的酸加成盐或立体化学异构体形式。
实施例25:口服滴剂
在60~80℃将500克A.I.溶解于0.5L氢氧化钠溶液和1.5L聚乙二醇中。冷却至30~40℃后加入35L聚乙二醇,并将混合物充分搅拌。加入有1750克钠糖精的2.5L纯水溶液,并且,搅拌的同时加入2.5L可可香料,并用聚乙二醇补充使整个体积达到50L,得到A.I.含量为10mg/ml口服滴剂溶液。将所得溶液装入适当容器。
实施例26:胶囊
将20克A.I.,6克十二烷基硫酸钠,56克淀粉,56克乳糖,0.8克胶体二氧化硅和1.2克硬脂酸镁一起剧烈搅拌。将所得混合物装入1000个适当硬度的明胶胶囊中,使每粒含有20mg A.I.。
实施例27:膜衣片剂
片芯的制备
将100克A.I.,570克乳糖和200克淀粉的混合物充分混合,然后用5克十二烷基硫酸钠和10克聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的约200ml水溶液湿润。将湿的粉状混合物过筛,干燥,再过筛,然后加入100克微晶纤维素和15克氢化蔬菜油。将整个混合物充分混合并压制成片,每个含有10mg A.I.。包衣
向10克甲基纤维素的75ml变性乙醇中加入5克乙基纤维素的150ml二氯甲烷溶液,然后加入75ml二氯甲烷和2.5ml1,2,3-丙三醇。将10克聚乙二醇熔化并溶解于75ml二氯甲烷,并将之加到前面的混合溶液中。加入2.5克十八酸镁,5克聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和30ml浓色素悬浮液,并将整个混合物均匀化。在包衣机中将上述片芯用所得混合物包衣。
实施例28:注射用溶液
将1.8克4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯和0.2克氢氧化钠溶解于约0.5L沸水中。冷却到约50℃后加入0.05克丙二醇和4克A.I.,同时搅拌。将溶液降至室温,用水补充,使整个注射液达到1L,得到A.I.含量为4mg/ml的溶液。将该溶液通过过滤灭菌,并装入无菌容器中。
实施例29:栓剂
将3克A.I.溶解于3克2,3-二羟基丁二酸的25ml聚乙二醇400溶液中。再将12克表面活性剂(SPAN@)和补充到300克的甘油三酯(Witepsol555@)一起熔化。将后面所说的混合物与前面所说的溶液充分混合,然后在37~38℃将所得混合物倒入模子,形成每个含30mg/ml A.I.的100个栓剂。
Claims (9)
1.式(I)化合物及其药物上可接受的酸或碱加成盐或它们的立体化学异构体形式,其中,A和B一起形成下列二价基团:-CH=N- (b),在基团(b)中的一个氢原子可以被C1-6烷基取代;D是下式基团:L是下式基团:Alk是C1-4链烷二基;R1是卤;R2是氢或卤;R3是氢,C1-6烷基,苯基或卤代苯基;R4是氢,C1-6烷基,苯基或卤代苯基;R5是氢或C1-6烷基;R6是氢,C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧羰基,或
R5和R6与连接它们的氮原子一起形成吡咯烷,哌啶,吗啉,哌嗪或取代的哌嗪环,所说的取代哌嗪是在哌嗪环4-位上被C1-6烷基,羟基C1-6烷基,氨基C1-6烷基,一或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基取代的的哌嗪环。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中D为式(D1)基团。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中D为式(D1)基团,其中R1是氯或氟及R2是氢,氯或氟;L为式(L1)基团,其中R3和R4分别为苯基或氢。
4.权利要求3的化合物,其中所说化合物为(±)-顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2-[3,3-二甲基-2-(膦酰氧基)丁基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮,及其立体化学异构体或碱加成盐形式。
5.一种组合物,它含有药物上可接受的载体和作为活性组分的杀真菌有效量的权利要求1-4中任一项要求的化合物。
6.权利要求1-4中任一项所要求的化合物在制备用于抑制患有真菌感染的温血动物身上真菌发展和/或消灭真菌的药物中的应用.
8.权利要求7的化合物,其中所说化合物为(±)-顺-4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2,4-二氢-2-(2-羟基-3,3-二甲基丁基)-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮,及其药物上可接受的酸加成盐或其立体化学异构体形式。
9.一种制备权利要求1化合物的方法,其特征在于
其中,W1是活性离去基团如羟基或卤,L定义同权利要求1;或
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