CN107429058B - 树脂组合物、使用其的半导体元件的制造方法及半导体器件 - Google Patents
树脂组合物、使用其的半导体元件的制造方法及半导体器件 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRDBISOHUUQXHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)N=C1C(O)=O JRDBISOHUUQXHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JOHWNGGYGAVMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluorochlorine Chemical compound FCl(F)F JOHWNGGYGAVMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH2][SiH3] VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXHILIPIEUBEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-H tungsten hexafluoride Chemical compound F[W](F)(F)(F)(F)F NXHILIPIEUBEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000007964 xanthones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08F12/24—Phenols or alcohols
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Abstract
树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述树脂组合物含有:(A1)具有特定的结构单元的碱溶性树脂;(A2)选自由具有与前述碱溶性树脂的反应性基团反应的取代基的聚酰亚胺、聚苯并噁唑、聚酰胺酰亚胺、它们的前体及它们的共聚物组成的组中的一种以上的树脂;及(B)感光剂,相对于100重量份的树脂(A1)而言,树脂(A2)为310~2000重量份。本发明提供一种可适合地用作即使在高温工艺处理后也可维持高分辨率和图案的形状、在工艺处理后可剥离的光致抗蚀剂的树脂组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及树脂组合物、使用其的半导体元件的制造方法及半导体器件。
背景技术
在半导体器件的制造工序中,为了在半导体基板中形成离子杂质区域,通常使用光致抗蚀剂等抗蚀剂。例如,针对在半导体基板上形成的抗蚀剂膜,隔着具有所期望的图案的掩模或掩模版(reticle)照射活性光化射线,用显影液进行显影,进行加热而使其固化(以下称为“热固化”),由此形成抗蚀剂膜的固化图案。将形成的固化图案作为离子注入掩模或掺杂剂暴露掩模,从含有用于形成离子杂质区域的元素的化合物将该元素离子化并使其与半导体基板碰撞(以下称为“离子注入”),或者,将含有用于形成离子杂质区域的元素的化合物暴露于半导体基板(以下称为“掺杂剂暴露”),由此形成所期望的图案状的离子杂质区域。
通过离子注入或掺杂剂暴露而在半导体基板中形成离子杂质区域时,为了将离子杂质区域形成为所期望的图案状,要求离子注入掩模及掺杂剂暴露掩模具备高分辨率的图案加工性。另外,为了如所期望的图案的尺寸那样形成离子杂质区域,矩形形状的图案加工性是离子注入掩模及掺杂剂暴露掩模所必需的。此外,还要求离子注入掩模及掺杂剂暴露掩模具备高耐热性及耐裂纹性。尤其是在进行离子注入时,因为经高能量而被加速的离子发生碰撞,所以会因碰撞能量而产生多余的热,因此,要求离子注入掩模具备可耐受离子注入时的冲击的、高度的高耐热性及耐裂纹性。
近年来,不仅是在利用离子注入进行的基板加工中,而且在利用干式蚀刻、离子铣削进行的基板加工中,从想要将冷却机构简单化、提高加工速度这样的期望出发,也期望耐热性高的光致抗蚀剂。
另外,聚酰亚胺是耐热性优异的树脂,通过赋予感光性从而可进行图案加工。已经公开了将聚酰亚胺系的感光性组合物用作半导体器件的绝缘膜、离子注入掩模的技术(例如,参见专利文献1~3)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:美国专利第5114826号
专利文献2:国际公开第2004/97914号
专利文献3:日本特开2014-137523号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
然而,专利文献1所记载的技术中存在下述问题:由于150℃以上的高温处理下的图案回流(reflow)、固化收缩而导致图案的形状不为矩形,分辨率降低。
专利文献2所记载的技术中存在下述问题:负型聚酰亚胺的高温处理膜的剥离变得困难,因此需要在聚酰亚胺的下层形成二氧化硅薄膜或金属薄膜并利用剥落(lift-off)进行剥离,从而导致工艺变得复杂。此外,还存在分辨率不足这样的问题。
专利文献3所记载的技术中存在下述问题:虽然为高分辨率,但由于是绝缘保护膜,因而不溶于抗蚀剂剥离液,并不适合作为光致抗蚀剂、离子注入掩模。
本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术中存在的问题,提供一种可适合地用作即使在高温工艺处理后也可维持高分辨率和图案的形状、在工艺处理后可剥离的光致抗蚀剂的树脂组合物。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明是一种树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述树脂组合物含有:(A1)具有通式(1)表示的结构单元的碱溶性树脂;(A2)选自由具有与前述碱溶性树脂的反应性基团反应的取代基的聚酰亚胺、聚苯并噁唑、聚酰胺酰亚胺、它们的前体及它们的共聚物组成的组中的一种以上的树脂;及(B)感光剂,相对于100重量份的树脂(A1)而言,树脂(A2)为310~2000重量份。
[化学式1]
式(1)中,R1表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~5的烷基,R2表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~6的烷基。a表示0~4的整数,b表示1~3的整数,a+b表示1~5的整数。
发明的效果
本发明提供一种可适合地用作即使在高温工艺处理后也可维持高分辨率和图案的形状、在工艺处理后可剥离的光致抗蚀剂的树脂组合物。
具体实施方式
本发明的树脂组合物是下述树脂组合物,其特征在于,含有:(A1)具有通式(1)表示的结构单元的碱溶性树脂;(A2)选自由具有与前述碱溶性树脂的反应性基团反应的取代基的聚酰亚胺、聚苯并噁唑、聚酰胺酰亚胺、它们的前体及它们的共聚物组成的组中的一种以上的树脂;及(B)感光剂,相对于100重量份的树脂(A1)而言,树脂(A2)为310~2000重量份。
[化学式2]
式(1)中,R1表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~5的烷基,R2表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~6的烷基。a表示0~4的整数,b表示1~3的整数,a+b表示1~5的整数。
树脂(A1)
本发明的树脂组合物含有(A1)具有通式(1)表示的结构单元的碱溶性树脂。
本发明中,所谓碱溶性,是指于23℃,在100g的2.38%的四甲基氢氧化铵水溶液中,将0.1g的树脂(A1)完全溶解。
通式(1)中,R1优选为氢原子。另外,R2优选为氢原子、甲基、乙基或丙基,特别优选为氢原子或甲基。
树脂(A1)例如可通过利用已知的方法使醛基与下述聚合物的一部分进行加成反应而得到,所述聚合物是利用已知的方法将单独的或2种以上的对羟基苯乙烯、间羟基苯乙烯、邻羟基苯乙烯、对异丙烯基苯酚、间异丙烯基苯酚、邻异丙烯基苯酚等具有酚式羟基的芳香族乙烯基化合物、及苯乙烯、邻甲基苯乙烯、间甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯等芳香族乙烯基化合物进行聚合而得到的。另外,之后也可通过在酸性条件下与所期望的醇反应从而将羟甲基末端进行烷氧基化。
具有酚式羟基的芳香族乙烯基化合物优选使用对羟基苯乙烯及/或间羟基苯乙烯。芳香族乙烯基化合物优选使用苯乙烯。
树脂(A1)优选为包含通式(2)、(3)及(4)表示的结构单元的聚合物。
[化学式3]
式(2)中,R4表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~5的烷基,R3表示氢原子、甲基、乙基、丙基中的任一者。c表示1~4的整数,d表示1~3的整数,c+d表示2~5的整数。
式(3)中,R5表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~5的烷基,e表示1~5的整数。
式(4)中,R6表示氢原子或碳原子数为1~5的烷基。
R3~R6优选为氢原子。
树脂(A1)的按照聚苯乙烯换算的平均分子量(Mw)优选为3000~60000的范围,更优选为3000~25000的范围。为上述范围内时,碱溶性为最优,特别地,可得到高分辨率的图案。
树脂(A2)
本发明的树脂组合物包含选自由具有与树脂(A1)的反应性基团反应的取代基的聚酰亚胺、聚苯并噁唑、聚酰胺酰亚胺、它们的前体及它们的共聚物组成的组中的碱溶性树脂(A2)。
树脂(A2)可以是上述各成分的2种以上的混合物,也可以是具有它们中2种以上的重复单元的共聚物。
所谓树脂(A1)的反应性基团,是指烷氧基甲基或羟甲基,树脂(A2)只要具有与烷氧基甲基或羟甲基反应的取代基即可,对其结构没有特别限制。作为与烷氧基甲基或羟甲基反应的取代基,可举出羧基、酚式羟基、磺酸基、巯基等。
树脂(A2)优选在主链或末端具有至少一个以上的选自由羧基、酚式羟基、磺酸基及巯基组成的组中的基团。
对于树脂(A2)而言,可使二羧酸、四羧酸、相应的二羧酸酰氯、四羧酸二酐、四羧酸二酯二酰氯等与二胺、相应的二异氰酸酯化合物、三甲基甲硅烷基化二胺进行反应从而以前体的形式得到,或者通过利用加热或酸、碱等化学处理使前体进行脱水闭环而得到。
在聚酰亚胺、聚苯并噁唑或聚酰胺酰亚胺的情况下,其闭环率优选为50%以上,更优选为70%以上,进一步优选为85%以上。闭环率可通过以下方式求出:将树脂(A2)涂布于硅晶片上,利用红外吸收光谱对固化(cure)前后的1377cm-1附近的峰强度进行比较,计算酰亚胺化率。
树脂(A2)优选包含如下所示的六氟亚丙基结构及/或亚丙基结构。
[化学式4]
通过使二胺残基及/或酸二酐残基包含六氟亚丙基结构及/或亚丙基结构,从而可将这些结构导入至树脂(A2)中。在全部二胺残基及全部酸二酐残基中,具有六氟亚丙基结构及/或亚丙基结构的二胺残基及酸二酐残基优选为20摩尔%以上,更优选为30摩尔%以上。由此,可进一步提高高温处理后的溶解性。另外,作为上限,优选为全部二胺残基及全部酸二酐残基中的80摩尔%以下,更优选为60摩尔%以下。由此,可进一步提高耐热性。
作为包含六氟亚丙基结构及/或亚丙基结构的二胺、酸二酐,可举出聚氧丙二胺双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷、双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2’-六氟亚丙基二邻苯二甲酸二酐、2,2-双[4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐等,但不限于这些。
树脂(A2)优选具有聚环氧乙烷结构及/或聚环氧丙烷结构。聚环氧乙烷结构、聚环氧丙烷结构优选为下述通式(5)表示的结构。
[化学式5]
式(5)中,R7及R8表示氢或甲基,f表示2以上的整数。f优选为2~15。
通过使二胺残基及/或酸二酐残基包含聚环氧乙烷结构及/或聚环氧丙烷结构,从而可将这些结构导入到树脂(A2)中。
其中,二胺残基优选具有聚环氧乙烷结构或聚环氧丙烷结构。此时,全部二胺残基中,具有聚环氧乙烷结构或聚环氧丙烷结构的二胺残基优选为10摩尔%以上,更优选为20摩尔%以上。由此,可进一步提高高温处理后的溶解性。另外,作为上限,优选为全部二胺残基中的50摩尔%以下,更优选为40摩尔%以下。由此,可进一步提高耐热性。
作为具有聚环氧乙烷基的二胺,可举出Jeffamine KH-511,Jeffamine ED-600,Jeffamine ED-900,Jeffamine ED-2003,Jeffamine EDR-148、Jeffamine EDR-176(以上为商品名,HUNTSMAN(株)制),作为含有聚环氧丙烷基的二胺,可举出D-200,D-400,D-2000,D-4000(以上为商品名,HUNTSMAN(株)制)等,但不限于这些。
[化学式6]
KH-511:y=2.0,x+z=1.2
ED-600:y=9.0,x+z=3.6
ED-900:y=12.5,x+z=6.0
ED-2300:y=39.0,x+z=6.0
作为构成树脂(A2)中的其他二胺残基的二胺,例如,可举出:双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)砜、双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)甲烷、双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)醚、双(3-氨基-4-羟基)联苯、双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)芴等含羟基的二胺;
3-磺酸-4,4’-二氨基二苯基醚等含磺酸的二胺、二巯基苯二胺等含巯基的二胺;
3,4’-二氨基二苯基醚、4,4’-二氨基二苯基醚、3,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、3,4’-二氨基二苯基砜、4,4’-二氨基二苯基砜、3,4’-二氨基二苯基硫醚、4,4’-二氨基二苯基硫醚、1,4-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯、联苯胺、间苯二胺、对苯二胺、1,5-萘二胺、2,6-萘二胺、双(4-氨基苯氧基苯基)砜、双(3-氨基苯氧基苯基)砜、双(4-氨基苯氧基)联苯、双{4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基}醚、1,4-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯、2,2’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基联苯、2,2’-二乙基-4,4’-二氨基联苯、3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基联苯、3,3’-二乙基-4,4’-二氨基联苯、2,2’,3,3’-四甲基-4,4’-二氨基联苯、3,3’,4,4’-四甲基-4,4’-二氨基联苯、2,2’-双(三氟甲基)-4,4’-二氨基联苯等芳香族二胺、用碳原子数为1~10的烷基、氟烷基、卤素原子等取代它们的芳香族环的氢原子的一部分而得到的化合物;
环己烷二胺、亚甲基双环己基胺等脂环式二胺;等等。
这些二胺可直接使用,或者以相应的二异氰酸酯化合物、三甲基甲硅烷基化二胺的形式使用。另外,可将它们中的2种以上的二胺成分组合使用。在要求耐热性的用途中,优选以全部二胺的50摩尔%以上的量使用芳香族二胺。
优选在树脂(A2)的结构单元中具有氟原子。通过具有氟原子,从而可向膜的表面赋予斥水性,可在碱显影时抑制显影液从表面浸渗。对于树脂(A2)中的氟原子含量而言,为了充分获得防止表面、基板界面处的显影液的浸渗的效果,优选为10重量%以上,另外,从在碱性水溶液中的溶解性的方面考虑,优选为20重量%以下。
另外,可在不降低耐热性的范围内,共聚具有硅氧烷结构的脂肪族的基团。由此,可提高与基板的粘接性。具体而言,作为二胺成分,可举出共聚了1~15摩尔%的双(3-氨基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷、双(对氨基苯基)八甲基五硅氧烷等而成的成分等。
作为构成树脂(A2)中的其他酸二酐残基的酸二酐,例如,可举出均苯四酸二酐、4,4’-氧基二邻苯二甲酸酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐、1,2,5,6-萘四甲酸二酐、2,3,6,7-萘四甲酸二酐、1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸二酐、1,1-双(2,3-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、2,2-双(2,3-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、2,2-双(3,3-羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、3,3’,4,4’-联苯基醚四甲酸二酐、2,3,3’,4’-联苯基醚四甲酸二酐、2,3,5,6-吡啶四甲酸二酐、均苯四酸二酐、3,4,9,10-苝四甲酸二酐、2,3,3’,4’-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐等。可使用它们中的2种以上。
另外,为了提高树脂组合物的保存稳定性,对于树脂(A2)而言,优选用单胺、酸酐、单羧酸、单酰氯、单活性酯化合物等封端剂封闭主链末端。对于作为封端剂使用的单胺的导入比例而言,相对于全部胺成分,优选为0.1摩尔%以上,特别优选为5摩尔%以上,优选为60摩尔%以下,特别优选为50摩尔%以下。对于作为封端剂使用的酸酐、单羧酸、单酰氯化合物或单活性酯化合物的导入比例而言,相对于二胺成分,优选为0.1摩尔%以上,特别优选为5摩尔%以上,优选为100摩尔%以下,特别优选为90摩尔%以下。可通过使多种封端剂反应从而导入多种不同的末端基团。
作为单胺,优选为M-600、M-1000、M-2005、M-2070(以上为商品名,HUNTSMAN(株)制)、苯胺、2-乙炔基苯胺、3-乙炔基苯胺、4-乙炔基苯胺、5-氨基-8-羟基喹啉、1-羟基-7-氨基萘、1-羟基-6-氨基萘、1-羟基-5-氨基萘、1-羟基-4-氨基萘、2-羟基-7-氨基萘、2-羟基-6-氨基萘、2-羟基-5-氨基萘、1-羧基-7-氨基萘、1-羧基-6-氨基萘、1-羧基-5-氨基萘、2-羧基-7-氨基萘、2-羧基-6-氨基萘、2-羧基-5-氨基萘、2-氨基苯甲酸、3-氨基苯甲酸、4-氨基苯甲酸、4-氨基水杨酸、5-氨基水杨酸、6-氨基水杨酸、2-氨基苯磺酸、3-氨基苯磺酸、4-氨基苯磺酸、3-氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶、2-氨基苯酚、3-氨基苯酚、4-氨基苯酚、2-氨基苯硫酚、3-氨基苯硫酚、4-氨基苯硫酚等。可使用它们中的2种以上。这些中,M-600、M-1000、M-2005、M-2070由于含有聚环氧乙烷基,因而从可溶性优异的观点考虑是优选的。
作为酸酐、单羧酸、单酰氯化合物、单活性酯化合物,优选为:邻苯二甲酸酐、马来酸酐、纳迪克酸酐、环己烷二甲酸酐、3-羟基邻苯二甲酸酐等酸酐;3-羧基苯酚、4-羧基苯酚、3-羧基苯硫酚、4-羧基苯硫酚、1-羟基-7-羧基萘、1-羟基-6-羧基萘、1-羟基-5-羧基萘、1-巯基-7-羧基萘、1-巯基-6-羧基萘、1-巯基-5-羧基萘、3-羧基苯磺酸、4-羧基苯磺酸等单羧酸类及它们的羧基进行酰氯化而得到的单酰氯化合物;对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、马来酸、环己烷二甲酸、1,5-二羧基萘、1,6-二羧基萘、1,7-二羧基萘、2,6-二羧基萘等二羧酸类的仅一个羧基进行酰氯化而得到的单酰氯化合物;通过单酰氯化合物与N-羟基苯并三唑、N-羟基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二羧基酰亚胺的反应而得到的活性酯化合物;等等。可使用它们中的2种以上。
导入至树脂(A2)中的封端剂可利用以下的方法容易地检测出来。例如,将导入了封端剂的树脂溶解于酸性溶液中,将其分解成作为结构单元的胺成分和酸酐成分,对其进行气相色谱(GC)、NMR测定,由此可容易地检测出本发明中使用的封端剂。另外,也可通过直接利用热解气相色谱(PGC)、红外光谱及13C-NMR波谱对导入了封端剂的树脂成分进行测定从而容易地进行检测。
树脂(A2)的重均分子量优选为5,000以上40,000以下。通过使利用GPC(凝胶渗透色谱)测得的按照聚苯乙烯换算的重均分子量为5,000以上,可抑制显影后的裂纹。另一方面,通过使重均分子量为40,000以下,可提高基于碱性水溶液的显影性。为了得到耐热特性,更优选为10,000以上。另外,在树脂(A2)含有2种以上的树脂的情况下,至少1种的重均分子量为上述范围即可。
树脂(A1)和树脂(A2)的含量
本发明的树脂组合物中,相对于100重量份的树脂(A1)而言,树脂(A2)为310~2000重量份。相对于100重量份的树脂(A1)而言,树脂(A2)的含量更优选为350重量份以上,进一步优选为375重量份以上,特别优选为400重量份以上。另外,相对于100重量份的树脂(A1)而言,树脂(A2)的含量更优选为1750重量份以下,进一步优选为1500重量份以下,特别优选为1000重量份以下。通过使树脂(A2)的含量为上述范围,从而可获得高分辨率及耐热性,此外,可具有在抗蚀剂剥离液中的溶解性。
(B)感光剂
本发明的树脂组合物含有(B)感光剂。(B)感光剂可以是在光的作用下而进行固化的负型,也可以是在光的作用下而进行可溶化的正型,优选使用(b-1)聚合性不饱和化合物及光聚合引发剂、或(b-2)醌二叠氮化合物等。
作为(b-1)中的聚合性不饱和化合物中包含的聚合性不饱和基团,例如,可举出乙烯基、烯丙基、丙烯酰基、甲基丙烯酰基等不饱和双键官能团及/或炔丙基等不饱和三键官能团。这些中,从聚合性的方面考虑,优选共轭型的乙烯基、丙烯酰基、甲基丙烯酰基。另外,作为该官能团被含有的数目,从稳定性方面考虑,优选为1~6,各自可以不为相同的基团。
另外,聚合性不饱和化合物优选是分子量为30~2000的物质。分子量为30~2000的范围时,与聚合物、反应性稀释剂的相容性良好。具体而言,可举出二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷二丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、1,2-二氢萘、1,3-二异丙烯基苯、3-甲基苯乙烯、4-甲基苯乙烯、2-乙烯基萘、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸异冰片基酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片基酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,9-壬二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,10-癸二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二羟甲基-三环癸烷二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、乙氧基化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化甘油三丙烯酸酯、1,3-二丙烯酰基氧基-2-羟基丙烷、1,3-二甲基丙烯酰基氧基-2-羟基丙烷、亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基酯、丙烯酸2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基酯、甲基丙烯酸N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基酯、丙烯酸N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基酯、环氧乙烷改性双酚A二丙烯酸酯、环氧乙烷改性双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基己内酰胺等。它们可单独使用或组合2种以上而使用。
这些中,特别优选可举出1,9-壬二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,10-癸二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二羟甲基-三环癸烷二丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸异冰片基酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片基酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六甲基丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化甘油三丙烯酸酯、亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基酯、丙烯酸2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基酯、甲基丙烯酸N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基酯、丙烯酸N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基酯、环氧乙烷改性双酚A二丙烯酸酯、环氧乙烷改性双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基己内酰胺等。
所谓(b-1)中的光聚合引发剂,是指通过照射紫外~可见光区域的光而主要产生自由基、由此引发聚合性不饱和化合物的聚合的物质。从可使用通用的光源的观点及快速固化性的观点考虑,优选为选自苯乙酮衍生物、二苯甲酮衍生物、苯偶姻醚衍生物、呫吨酮衍生物中的光聚合引发剂。作为优选的光聚合引发剂的例子,可举出二乙氧基苯乙酮、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙烷-1-酮、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、1-羟基-环己基苯基酮、异丁基苯偶姻醚、苯偶姻甲基醚、噻吨酮、异丙基噻吨酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲基硫基)苯基]-2-吗啉代丙烷-1-酮、2-苄基-2-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉代苯基)-1-丁酮等,但不限于这些。
作为(b-2)醌二叠氮化合物,可举出醌二叠氮磺酸与多羟基化合物进行酯键键合而得到的产物、醌二叠氮磺酸与多氨基化合物进行磺酰胺键键合而得到的产物、醌二叠氮磺酸与多羟基多氨基化合物进行酯键键合及/或磺酰胺键键合而得到的产物等。可以是并非这些多羟基化合物、多氨基化合物、多羟基聚氨基化合物中的全部官能团被醌二叠氮取代,优选平均为全部官能团的40摩尔%以上被醌二叠氮取代。通过使用这样的醌二叠氮化合物,可得到相对于作为普通的紫外线的汞灯的i线(波长365nm)、h线(波长405nm)、g线(波长436nm)为感光性的正型的感光性树脂组合物。
关于多羟基化合物,可举出Bis-Z、BisP-EZ、TekP-4HBPA、TrisP-HAP、TrisP-PA、TrisP-SA、TrisOCR-PA、BisOCHP-Z、BisP-MZ、BisP-PZ、BisP-IPZ、BisOCP-IPZ、BisP-CP、BisRS-2P、BisRS-3P、BisP-OCHP、Methylenetris-FR-CR、BisRS-26X、DML-MBPC、DML-MBOC、DML-OCHP、DML-PCHP、DML-PC、DML-PTBP、DML-34X、DML-EP、DML-POP、dimethylol-BisOC-P、DML-PFP、DML-PSBP、DML-MTrisPC、TriML-P、TriML-35XL、TML-BP、TML-HQ、TML-pp-BPF、TML-BPA、TMOM-BP、HML-TPPHBA、HML-TPHAP、Ph-cc-AP(以上为商品名,本州化学工业制)、BIR-OC、BIP-PC、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-PCHP、BIP-BIOC-F、4PC、BIR-BIPC-F、TEP-BIP-A、46DMOC、46DMOEP、TM-BIP-A(以上为商品名,旭有机材工业制)、2,6-二甲氧基甲基-4-叔丁基苯酚、2,6-二甲氧基甲基对甲酚、2,6-二乙酰氧基甲基对甲酚、萘酚、四羟基二苯甲酮、没食子酸甲酯、双酚A、双酚E、亚甲基双酚、BisP-AP(商品名,本州化学工业制)、Novolac树脂等,但不限于这些。
关于多氨基化合物,可举出1,4-苯二胺、1,3-苯二胺、4,4’-二氨基二苯基醚、4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二氨基二苯基砜、4,4’-二氨基二苯基硫醚等,但不限于这些。
另外,关于多羟基多氨基化合物,可举出2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷、3,3’-二羟基联苯胺等,但不限于这些。
这些中,(b-2)醌二叠氮化合物更优选包含苯酚化合物与二叠氮基萘醌-5-磺酰基的酯。由此,可利用i线曝光得到高敏感度和更高的分辨率。
对于(b-2)醌二叠氮化合物的含量而言,相对于100重量份的树脂(A1),优选为1~50重量份,更优选为10~40重量份。通过使醌二叠氮化合物的含量为上述范围,从而能进一步实现高敏感度化。根据需要可进一步添加敏化剂等。
(d)热交联性化合物
本发明的树脂组合物根据需要可进一步含有与树脂(A1)不同的(d)热交联性化合物。具体而言,优选为具有至少2个烷氧基甲基或羟甲基的化合物。通过具有至少2个上述基团,从而可与树脂及同种分子进行缩合反应,形成交联结构体。
作为这样的化合物的优选例,例如,可举出DML-PC、DML-PEP、DML-OC、DML-OEP、DML-34X、DML-PTBP、DML-PCHP、DML-OCHP、DML-PFP、DML-PSBP、DML-POP、DML-MBOC、DML-MBPC、DML-MTrisPC、DML-BisOC-Z、DML-BisOCHP-Z、DML-BPC、DML-BisOC-P、DMOM-PC、DMOM-PTBP、DMOM-MBPC、TriML-P、TriML-35XL、TML-HQ、TML-BP、TML-pp-BPF、TML-BPE、TML-BPA、TML-BPAF、TML-BPAP、TMOM-BP、TMOM-BPE、TMOM-BPA、TMOM-BPAF、TMOM-BPAP、HML-TPPHBA、HML-TPHAP、HMOM-TPPHBA、HMOM-TPHAP(以上为商品名,本州化学工业(株)制)、NIKALAC(注册商标)MX-290、NIKALAC MX-280、NIKALAC MX-270、NIKALAC MX-279、NIKALAC MW-100LM、NIKALAC MX-750LM(以上为商品名,Sanwa Chemical Co.,Ltd.制)。也可含有它们中的2种以上。这些中,为HMOM-TPHAP、MW-100LM的情况下,难以发生因固化(cure)时的回流而导致的图案掩埋,分辨率得以提高,故而更优选。
对于具有至少2个烷氧基甲基或羟甲基的化合物的含量而言,相对于树脂(A2)100重量份,优选为10重量份以下。为上述范围内时,可为了提高敏感度、固化膜的机械特性而更合适地进行广泛的设计。
(其他成分)
另外,根据需要,可在不减小固化(cure)后的收缩残膜率的范围内含有具有酚式羟基的低分子化合物。由此,能缩短显影时间。
作为这些化合物,例如,可举出Bis-Z、BisP-EZ、TekP-4HBPA、TrisP-HAP、TrisP-PA、BisOCHP-Z、BisP-MZ、BisP-PZ、BisP-IPZ、BisOCP-IPZ、BisP-CP、BisRS-2P、BisRS-3P、BisP-OCHP、Methylenetris-FR-CR、BisRS-26X(以上为商品名,本州化学工业(株)制)、BIP-PC、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-BIPC-F(以上为商品名,旭有机材工业(株)制)等。可含有它们中的2种以上。
对于具有酚式羟基的低分子化合物的含量而言,相对于100重量份的树脂(A1),优选为1~40重量份。
对于本发明的树脂组合物而言,根据需要,出于提高与基板的润湿性的目的,可含有表面活性剂、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯等酯类、乙醇等醇类、环己酮、甲基异丁基酮等酮类、四氢呋喃、二氧杂环己烷等醚类。
本发明的树脂组合物可含有溶剂。由此,可形成清漆(varnish)的状态,可提高涂布性。
关于溶剂,可单独或混合使用下述溶剂:
γ-丁内酯等极性的非质子性溶剂;
乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚、乙二醇单正丙基醚、乙二醇单正丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、二乙二醇单正丙基醚、二乙二醇单正丁基醚、三乙二醇单甲基醚、三乙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇单甲基醚、丙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇单正丙基醚、丙二醇单正丁基醚、二丙二醇单甲基醚、二丙二醇单乙基醚、二丙二醇单正丙基醚、二丙二醇单正丁基醚、三丙二醇单甲基醚、三丙二醇单乙基醚、四氢呋喃、二氧杂环己烷等醚类;
丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二异丁基酮、环己酮、2-庚酮、3-庚酮、二丙酮醇等酮类;
乙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、乳酸乙酯等酯类;
2-羟基-2-甲基丙酸乙酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-甲氧基丙酸乙酯、3-乙氧基丙酸甲酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙氧基乙酸乙酯、羟基乙酸乙酯、2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸甲酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙酸3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁酯、丙酸3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、甲酸正戊酯、乙酸异戊酯、丙酸正丁酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸正丙酯、丁酸异丙酯、丁酸正丁酯、丙酮酸甲酯、丙酮酸乙酯、丙酮酸正丙酯、乙酰乙酸甲酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯、2-氧代丁酸乙酯等其他酯类;
甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烃类;
N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺等酰胺类;等等。
这些中,γ-丁内酯由于可使其他成分良好地溶解,形成平坦性良好的涂膜,因而优选。
对于溶剂的含量而言,由于根据所需要的膜厚、采用的涂布方法的不同而发生变化,因而没有特别限制,相对于树脂(A1)的树脂100重量份,优选为50~2000重量份,特别优选为100~1500重量份。
本发明的树脂组合物可作为干式蚀刻、离子铣削、离子注入工艺等中的光致抗蚀剂而合适地使用。
对于本发明的树脂组合物而言,优选于250℃进行1小时热处理后可溶于以重量比计二甲基亚砜/单乙醇胺=3/7的溶液。其原因在于,即使暴露于150℃以上的高温,也能在通常的抗蚀剂剥离液中进行剥离。
本发明中,所谓可溶于以重量比计二甲基亚砜/单乙醇胺=3/7的溶液,是指:于250℃进行了1小时热处理后的本发明的树脂组合物1重量份,于80℃以用肉眼观察不到溶解残渣的程度溶解在将重量比为3:7的二甲基亚砜和单乙醇胺混合而得到的溶液100重量份。
作为剥离液的例子,可举出剥离液104、剥离液106(东京应化工业(株)制)、EKC100系列、EKC270、EKC2255、EKC2300(注册商标,Du Pont公司制)、N-322、N-306、N-327、N-339、N-342、N-300、N-530、N-530HS(Nagase ChemteX Corporation制)等,但不限于这些。
剥离液的处理条件取决于对本发明的树脂膜进行曝光的温度条件,优选为20~120℃。通过为20~120℃,能以不残留抗蚀剂残渣、并且不会对基板表面造成损伤的方式进行剥离,从这方面考虑是优选的。处理时间没有特别限制,从生产的节拍时间(takt time)的观点考虑,优选为1分钟~20分钟。另外,可利用浸渍方式、喷淋、超声波辅助等工艺将抗蚀剂溶解。
在150℃以上的工艺中使用本发明的树脂组合物时,优选使固化(cure)温度为150℃以上300℃以下。通过使固化(cure)温度为150℃以上,可抑制工艺中的从树脂膜的脱气、爆裂的发生。通过使固化(cure)温度为300℃以下,可确保在抗蚀剂剥离液中的溶解性。
从容易将抗蚀剂除去的观点考虑,优选在除去抗蚀剂之前预先暴露于400℃以上、优选500℃以上、进一步优选600℃以上的高温,将有机物热分解。此外,在暴露于高温的情况下,优选在氧存在下进行暴露。
(半导体元件的制造方法)
本发明的半导体元件的制造方法具有下述工序:
(1)在基板上形成本发明的树脂组合物的图案的工序;
(2)于150℃以上进行下述处理的工序,所述处理为选自由(a)向前述基板中掺杂杂质离子的工序、(b)对前述基板进行蚀刻的工序及(c)在前述基板上进行干式制膜的工序组成的组中的1种以上;以及
(3)将前述图案剥离的工序。
作为本发明的树脂组合物的应用方法,优选的是,工序(a)为下述工序中的任一者:(a-1)向前述基板中注入离子的工序;或(a-2)将掺杂剂暴露于前述形成有图案树脂膜的基板的工序。
作为本发明的树脂组合物的应用方法,优选的是,工序(b)为下述工序中的任一者:(b-1)利用干式蚀刻对前述基板进行图案加工的工序;或(b-2)利用湿式蚀刻对前述基板进行图案加工的工序。
作为本发明的树脂组合物的应用方法,优选的是,工序(c)是利用干式制膜在前述基板上形成金属膜的工序。
在形成金属膜的工序中,金属优选为铝、金、铜、钨、钛、银、钼、铬。
作为利用干式蚀刻、离子铣削进行蚀刻的基板、或掺杂杂质离子的基板,为含有选自由硅、二氧化硅(SiO2)、氮化硅(Si3N4)、碳化硅(SiC)、氮化镓(GaN)、磷化镓(GaP)、砷化镓(GaAs)、砷化镓铝(GaAlAs)、镓铟氮砷(GaInNAs)、氮化铟(InN)、磷化铟(InP)、氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)、砷化铟镓(InGaAs)、铟镓铝磷(InGaAlP)、氧化铟镓锌(IGZO)、金刚石、蓝宝石(Al2O3)、氧化铝锌(AZO)、氮化铝(AlN)、氧化锌(ZnO)、硒化锌(ZnSe)、硫化镉(CdS)及碲化镉(CdTe)、铝(Al)、金(Au)组成的组中的一种以上的基板时,可利用本发明的树脂组合物得到工艺简便化的优点。此外,从需要进行高温处理的观点考虑,优选硅、碳化硅(SiC)、氮化镓(GaN)、砷化镓(GaAs)、金刚石、蓝宝石(Al2O3)、铝(Al)、金(Au)。
(向基板中掺杂杂质离子的工序)
将由本发明的树脂组合物得到的图案作为离子注入掩模,向形成了图案的基板中注入离子,由此可在基板中形成图案状的离子杂质区域。
关于离子掺杂工序,将本发明的树脂膜图案作为离子掺杂掩模,向形成了图案的基板中进行离子掺杂,由此可在基板上形成图案状的离子杂质区域。
本发明的半导体元件的制造方法中,离子掺杂工序是在基板中形成离子杂质区域的工序。以下,将离子掺杂工序中使用的、含有用于形成离子杂质区域的元素的化合物称为“掺杂剂物质”。
作为离子掺杂工序,可例举离子注入工序和掺杂剂暴露工序。离子注入工序是从含有用于形成离子杂质区域的元素的化合物将该元素离子化并使其与半导体基板碰撞的工序。掺杂剂暴露工序是使含有用于形成离子杂质区域的元素的化合物暴露于半导体基板的工序。
本发明的半导体元件的制造方法中,作为离子掺杂工序中使用的用于形成离子杂质区域的元素,例如,可举出硼、铝、镓、铟、氮、磷、砷、锑、碳、硅、锗、锡、氧、硫、硒、碲、氟、氯、溴、碘、镉、锌、钛、钨或铁。从离子杂质区域形成的观点考虑,优选硼、铝、镓、铟、氮、磷、砷、锑、碳、硅、锗、氧或氟,更优选硼、铝、镓、铟、氮、磷、砷或锑。
作为掺杂剂物质,例如,可举出三氟化硼、三氯化硼、三溴化硼、硼酸三甲酯、乙硼烷、三氯化铝、三氯化镓、三氯化铟、氨、一氧化二氮、氮、磷化氢(phosphine)、三氟化磷、五氟化磷、磷酰氯、五氧化二磷、磷酸、砷化氢(arsine)、三氟化砷、五氯化锑、四氯化碳、甲硅烷、乙硅烷、丙硅烷、二氯硅烷、三氯硅烷、四氟化硅、四氯化硅、锗烷、四氯化锡、氧、硫化氢、硒化氢、碲化氢、氟化氢、氟里昂、氟、三氟化氯、氯化氢、氯、溴化氢、溴、碘化氢、碘、二氯化镉、二氯化锌、四氯化钛、六氟化钨或三氯化铁。
本发明的半导体元件的制造方法中,对于离子掺杂工序而言,优选使含有形成离子杂质区域的元素的化合物暴露于基板而进行加热。作为离子掺杂工序中的离子掺杂温度,通常为10~1,500℃,优选为100℃以上,更优选为200℃以上。离子掺杂温度为上述范围内时,形成离子杂质区域的元素将会容易在基板中扩散。
本发明的半导体元件的制造方法中,作为离子掺杂工序的离子掺杂时间,优选为1分钟以上,更优选为5分钟以上,进一步优选为10分钟以上,特别优选为30分钟以上。离子掺杂时间为上述范围内时,形成离子杂质区域的元素将会容易在基板中扩散。另一方面,从节拍时间的观点考虑,离子掺杂时间优选为300分钟以下,更优选为240分钟以下,进一步优选为180分钟以下,特别优选为120分钟以下。
本发明的半导体元件的制造方法中,对于离子注入工序而言,优选的是,向离子施加偏压而使离子加速、使其向基板碰撞。作为离子注入工序的离子的加速能量,通常为1~10,000keV。从离子在基板中的注入深度的观点考虑,优选为1~5000keV,更优选为5~1000keV,进一步优选为10~500keV。
本发明的半导体元件的制造方法中,作为离子注入工序的离子剂量,通常为1×1010~1×1022cm-2。从抑制对基板的晶体结构造成损伤及离子在基板中的注入深度的观点考虑,优选为1×1010~1×1020cm-2,更优选为1×1011~1×1019cm-2。
(对基板进行蚀刻的工序)
将由本发明的树脂组合物得到的图案作为掩模,对形成了图案的基板进行干式蚀刻或湿式蚀刻,由此,可将基板加工成图案状。
作为蚀刻气体,例如,可举出氟甲烷、二氟甲烷、三氟甲烷、四氟甲烷、氯氟甲烷、氯二氟甲烷、氯三氟甲烷、二氯氟甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、六氟化硫、二氟化氙、氧、臭氧、氩、氟、氯或三氯化硼。
作为干式蚀刻的方法,例如,可举出下述方法:反应性气体蚀刻,使上述的蚀刻气体暴露于由本发明的树脂组合物形成了树脂膜图案而得到的基板;等离子体蚀刻,使利用电磁波进行了离子化或自由基化的蚀刻气体暴露;或反应性离子蚀刻,对利用电磁波进行了离子化或自由基化的蚀刻气体施加偏压而使其加速、使其向形成了含有聚硅氧烷的组合物的图案的基板碰撞;等等。
本发明的半导体器件的制造方法中,基板的干式蚀刻工序中的蚀刻温度优选为10~400℃,更优选为20~350℃,进一步优选为30~300℃,特别优选为40~250℃。蚀刻温度为上述范围内时,可提高蚀刻速率。
本发明的半导体器件的制造方法中,基板的干式蚀刻工序中的蚀刻时间优选为10秒以上,更优选为30秒以上,进一步优选为1分钟以上,特别优选为3分钟以上,最优选为5分钟以上。另一方面,从节拍时间的观点考虑,蚀刻时间优选为60分钟以下,更优选为45分钟以下,进一步优选为30分钟以下,特别优选为15分钟以下。
作为蚀刻液,可使用酸性或碱性的化学药液作为蚀刻液。
作为酸性的蚀刻液,例如,可举出氢氟酸、盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、高氯酸、氯酸、亚氯酸、次氯酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、连二亚硫酸、硝酸、亚硝酸、磷酸、亚磷酸、次磷酸、膦酸、次膦酸、六氟磷酸、六氟锑酸、硼酸、四氟硼酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、三氟乙酸、草酸、乳酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、三氟甲磺酸或氟磺酸等显示酸性的化合物的溶液。
作为碱性的蚀刻液,优选有机系的碱溶液或显示碱性的化合物的水溶液。
作为有机系的碱溶液或显示碱性的化合物,例如,可举出2-氨基乙醇、2-(二甲基氨基)乙醇、2-(二乙基氨基)乙醇、二乙醇胺、甲胺、乙胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、乙酸(2-二甲基氨基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(2-二甲基氨基)乙酯、环己胺、乙二胺、六亚甲基二胺、氨、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙、氢氧化钡、碳酸钠或碳酸钾。
作为蚀刻液,可使用含有碱性的蚀刻液和有机溶剂这两者的混合溶液。
作为有机溶剂,例如,可举出前述的溶剂、二乙二醇单正丁基醚、乙酸乙酯、丙酮酸乙酯、3-甲氧基丙酸乙酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、N-乙酰-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、六甲基磷酰三胺、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、甲苯或二甲苯。
作为湿式蚀刻的方法,例如,可举出下述方法:将上述的蚀刻液直接涂布于形成了本发明的树脂膜图案的基板或将上述的蚀刻液制成雾状而喷射至形成了本发明的树脂膜图案的基板的方法;将形成了含有聚硅氧烷的组合物的图案的基板浸渍于上述的蚀刻液中的方法;或将形成了含有聚硅氧烷的组合物的图案的基板浸渍于上述的蚀刻液中后照射超声波的方法;等等。
本发明的半导体器件的制造方法中,基板的湿式蚀刻工序中的蚀刻温度优选为10~180℃,更优选为20~160℃,进一步优选为30~140℃,特别优选为40~120℃。蚀刻温度为上述范围内时,可提高蚀刻速率。蚀刻液中的成分的沸点低于180℃时,蚀刻温度优选为低于蚀刻液中的成分的沸点的温度。
本发明的半导体器件的制造方法中,基板的湿式蚀刻工序中的蚀刻时间优选为10秒以上,更优选为30秒以上,进一步优选为1分钟以上,特别优选为3分钟以上,最优选为5分钟以上。另一方面,从节拍时间的观点考虑,蚀刻时间优选为60分钟以下,更优选为45分钟以下,进一步优选为30分钟以下,特别优选为15分钟以下。
优选在湿式蚀刻后,用漂洗液清洗通过湿式蚀刻而进行了图案加工的基板。
作为漂洗液,例如,可举出水、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丙酮酸乙酯、丙二醇单甲基醚、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯或2-庚酮。在使用了酸性的蚀刻液或显示碱性的化合物的水溶液作为蚀刻液的情况下,作为漂洗液,优选含有水。
所谓离子铣削,是利用向基板照射未会聚的宽氩离子束使基板原子弹起的溅射现象来削薄基板从而形成图案的工序,是一种干式蚀刻工序。
关于离子铣削,通过将本发明的树脂膜图案作为离子铣削掩模,对形成了图案的基板进行离子铣削,从而可在基板上形成图案。所谓离子铣削,是利用向基板照射未会聚的宽的氩离子束使基板原子弹起的溅射现象来削薄基板从而形成图案的工序,是一种干式蚀刻工序。氩离子优选以1~20kV、以5~20°的入射角进行。关于处理时间、温度,与上述的干式蚀刻同样。
使用本发明的半导体元件的制造方法制造的半导体元件具有缩短半导体制造工序、低成本化的优点。此外,包含本发明的本半导体元件的半导体器件也同样地具有低成本化的优点。
作为可应用本发明的半导体器件的制造方法的半导体器件,例如,可举出肖特基二极管、肖特基势垒二极管(SBD)、PN结二极管、PIN二极管、晶闸管(thyristor)、门极可关断晶闸管(GTO)、双极晶体管、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)或绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)、发光二极管(LED)元件等半导体元件、或具有前述半导体元件中的任意一种以上的太阳能发电功率调节器、车载功率控制单元、太阳能发电逆变器、开关电源、逆变器(inverter)、转换器(converter)或光学元件、图像传感器等,但不限于这些。
实施例
以下,举出实施例来说明本发明,但本发明不受这些例子的限制。
首先,对各实施例及比较例中的评价方法进行说明。在评价中,使用预先用1μm的聚四氟乙烯制的过滤器(住友电气工业(株)制)进行了过滤的树脂组合物(以下称为清漆)。
(1)敏感度的评价
使用涂布显影装置ACT-8(Tokyo Electron Limited制),利用旋涂法将清漆涂布于8英寸的硅晶片上,并且于120℃进行3分钟预烘烤。使用i线步进曝光机NSR-2005i9C(Nikon制)进行曝光。曝光后,使用ACT-8的显影装置,用2.38重量%的四甲基氢氧化铵水溶液(以下称为TMAH,多摩化学工业制),利用旋覆浸没法(puddle method)反复进行2次显影(显影液的排出时间为10秒、旋覆浸没时间为40秒),然后用纯水清洗后,进行甩干,将曝光部完全溶解时的最低曝光量作为敏感度。将敏感度为500mJ/cm2以上的情况评价为不充分(×),将为300mJ/cm2以上且小于500mJ/cm2的情况评价为良好(B),将小于300mJ/cm2的情况评价为更加良好(A)。
(2)分辨率的评价
使用涂布显影装置ACT-8,利用旋涂法将清漆涂布于8英寸的硅晶片上,并且于120℃进行3分钟预烘烤。将刻有图案的掩模版设置于i线步进曝光机NSR-2005i9C(Nikon制),以800mJ/cm2的曝光量进行曝光。曝光后,使用ACT-8的显影装置,用2.38重量%的TMAH,利用旋覆浸没法反复进行2次显影(显影液的排出时间为10秒、旋覆浸没时间为40秒),然后用纯水清洗后,进行甩干,得到树脂膜图案。使用惰性气体烘箱CLH-21CD-S(Koyo ThermoSystems Co.,Ltd.制),在氮气气流下,以20ppm以下的氧浓度并以每分钟3.5℃的升温速度升温至200℃,于200℃进行1小时加热处理。温度成为50℃以下时取出晶片,用显微镜观察图案,将可分辨线与间隙的最小尺寸作为分辨率。将10μm以上的分辨率评价为不充分(C),将5μm以上且低于10μm的分辨率评价为良好(B),将低于5μm的分辨率评价为更加良好(A)。
另外,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行剖面观察,观察图案的形状(锥角)。优选为矩形形状(锥角90°)。将低于70°的锥角评价为不充分(C),将70°以上且低于80°评价为良好(B),将80°以上90°以下评价为更加良好(A)。
(3)再加工(rework)性评价
针对(1)中进行了图案加工的硅晶片,使用惰性气体烘箱INH-21CD,在氮气气流下,以20ppm以下的氧浓度并以每分钟3.5℃的升温速度升温至200℃,于250℃进行1小时加热处理。温度成为50℃以下时取出晶片,制作树脂被膜。将得到的树脂被膜浸渍于剥离液106(东京应化工业制)中,于70℃进行10分钟处理,然后进行水洗。用光学显微镜观察晶片表面,将图案完全不溶的情况评价为不充分(C),将虽然在晶片表面残留残渣但图案已溶解的情况评价为良好(B),将在晶片表面没有残渣、图案已溶解的情况评价为更加良好(A)。
合成例1感光剂的合成
在干燥氮气气流下,将TrisP-PA(商品名,本州化学工业(株)制)21.22g(0.05摩尔)和二叠氮基萘醌-5-磺酰氯(东洋合成(株)制,NAC-5)26.8g(0.1摩尔)溶解于1,4-二氧杂环己烷450g中,使其成为室温。以体系内不成为35℃以上的方式,向其中滴加与1,4-二氧杂环己烷50g混合的三乙基胺12.65g。滴加后于40℃进行2小时搅拌。将三乙胺盐过滤,将滤液投入至水中。然后,通过过滤来收集析出的沉淀。进而用1%盐酸1L清洗。然后,进一步用水2L清洗2次。用真空干燥机将该沉淀干燥,得到下式表示的醌二叠氮化合物(感光剂B)。
[化学式7]
合成例2聚羟基苯乙烯树脂(A0-1)的合成
向添加有四氢呋喃500mL、作为引发剂的仲丁基锂0.01摩尔的混合溶液中,以摩尔比为3:1的比例添加合计20g的对叔丁氧基苯乙烯和苯乙烯,一边进行3小时搅拌一边使其聚合。聚合终止反应通过向反应溶液中添加0.1摩尔的甲醇来进行。接下来,为了将聚合物纯化,将反应混合物注入到甲醇中,使沉降的聚合物干燥,结果得到白色聚合物。进而,将其溶解于丙酮400mL中,于60℃添加少量的浓盐酸并进行7小时搅拌,然后注入到水中,使聚合物沉淀,将对叔丁氧基苯乙烯脱保护而转化为对羟基苯乙烯,进行清洗干燥,结果得到经纯化的对羟基苯乙烯与苯乙烯的共聚物(以下记为(A0-1))。另外,利用基于GPC的分析,获知重均分子量(Mw)为3500(利用GPC并按照聚苯乙烯换算计),分散度(Mw/Mn)为2.80。
合成例3聚羟基苯乙烯树脂(A0-2)的合成
使用间叔丁氧基苯乙烯来代替前述合成例2的对叔丁氧基苯乙烯,除此之外,同样地进行操作。利用基于GPC的分析,获知得到的间羟基苯乙烯与苯乙烯的共聚物(以下记为(A0-2))的重均分子量(Mw)为5000(利用GPC并按照聚苯乙烯换算计),分散度(Mw/Mn)为3.20。
合成例4碱溶性树脂(A1-1)的合成
在将氢氧化钠80g(2.0摩尔)溶解于纯水800g而得到的溶液中,使聚羟基苯乙烯树脂(A0-1)溶解。在完全溶解后,于20~25℃,经2小时滴加36~38重量%的甲醛水溶液686g。然后于20~25℃进行17小时搅拌。向其中添加硫酸98g和水552g,进行中和,保持该状态放置2天。用水100mL清洗放置后在溶液中产生的白色固体。于50℃将该白色固体进行48小时真空干燥。
接下来,将如上所述地得到的化合物溶解于甲醇300mL中,添加硫酸2g,在室温下进行24小时搅拌。向该溶液中添加阴离子型离子交换树脂(Rohm and Haas公司制,AMBERLYST IRA96SB)15g,进行1小时搅拌,通过过滤而除去离子交换树脂。然后,添加γ-丁内酯500mL,用旋转蒸发器除去甲醇,制成γ-丁内酯溶液。利用NMR(日本电子(株)制,GX-270)对该树脂进行分析,结果得到作为芳香族氢的一部分进行羟甲基化而成的聚羟基苯乙烯树脂的碱溶性树脂(以下记为(A1-1))。利用基于GPC的分析,获知重均分子量(Mw)为8000(利用GPC并按照聚苯乙烯换算计),进行了羟甲基化的羟基苯乙烯相对于每1摩尔的羟基苯乙烯而言为35摩尔%的导入率。
合成例5碱溶性树脂(A1-2)的合成
使用(A0-2)来代替前述合成例4的(A0-1),除此之外,利用同样的制法进行合成。对于得到的作为进行了羟甲基化的聚羟基苯乙烯树脂的碱溶性树脂(以下记为(A1-2))而言,利用基于GPC的分析,获知重均分子量(Mw)为7500(利用GPC并按照聚苯乙烯换算计),进行了羟甲基化的羟基苯乙烯相对于每1摩尔的羟基苯乙烯而言为55摩尔%的导入率。
合成例6碱溶性聚酰亚胺树脂(A2-1)的合成
在干燥氮气气流下,将2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷(以下记为BAHF)31.13g(0.085摩尔)、作为封端剂的3-氨基苯酚(以下记为MAP)3.27g(0.03摩尔)溶解于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)80g中。向其中添加3,3’,4,4’-联苯基醚四甲酸二酐(以下记为ODPA)31.2g(0.1摩尔)和NMP20g,于20℃进行1小时反应,接下来于50℃进行4小时反应。然后,添加二甲苯15g,一边将水和二甲苯共沸,一边于150℃进行5小时搅拌。搅拌结束后,将溶液投入到水3L中,得到白色沉淀。通过过滤来收集该沉淀,用水清洗3次,然后用80℃的真空干燥机进行20小时干燥,得到作为具有酚式羟基的碱溶性树脂的聚酰亚胺树脂(以下记为(A2-1))。树脂(A2-1)的重均分子量为25000,酰亚胺化率为92%。
合成例7碱溶性聚酰亚胺树脂(A2-2)的合成
在干燥氮气气流下,将BAHF23.83g(0.065摩尔)、D-400(HUNTSMAN(株)制)8.00g(0.02摩尔)、作为封端剂的4-氨基苯酚(东京化成工业(株)制)3.27g(0.03摩尔)溶解于NMP80g中。向其中添加ODPA 31.2g(0.1摩尔)和NMP 20g,于60℃进行1小时反应,接下来于180℃进行4小时搅拌。搅拌结束后,将溶液投入到水3L中,得到白色沉淀。通过过滤来收集该沉淀,用水清洗3次,然后用80℃的真空干燥机进行20小时干燥,得到碱溶性聚酰亚胺树脂(A2-2)的粉末。树脂(A2-2)的重均分子量为23000,酰亚胺化率为90%。
合成例8碱溶性聚酰亚胺树脂(A2-3)的合成
在干燥氮气气流下,将BAHF 23.83g(0.065摩尔)、ED-600(HUNTSMAN(株)制)12.00g(0.02摩尔)、作为封端剂的4-氨基苯酚(东京化成工业(株)制)3.27g(0.03摩尔)溶解于NMP 80g中。向其中添加ODPA 31.2g(0.1摩尔)和NMP 20g,于60℃进行1小时反应,接下来于180℃进行4小时搅拌。搅拌结束后,将溶液投入到水3L中,得到白色沉淀。通过过滤来收集该沉淀,用水清洗3次,然后用80℃的真空干燥机进行20小时干燥,得到碱溶性聚酰亚胺树脂(A2-3)的粉末。树脂(A2-3)的重均分子量为26000,酰亚胺化率为95%。
合成例9碱溶性聚酰亚胺树脂(A2-4)的合成
在干燥氮气气流下,将BAHF 23.83g(0.065摩尔)、ED-900(HUNTSMAN(株)制)18.00g(0.02摩尔)、作为封端剂的4-氨基苯酚(东京化成工业(株)制)3.27g(0.03摩尔)溶解于NMP 80g中。向其中添加ODPA 31.2g(0.1摩尔)和NMP 20g,于60℃进行1小时反应,接下来于180℃进行4小时搅拌。搅拌结束后,将溶液投入到水3L中,得到白色沉淀。通过过滤来收集该沉淀,用水清洗3次,然后用80℃的真空干燥机进行20小时干燥,得到碱溶性聚酰亚胺树脂(A2-4)的粉末。树脂(A2-4)的重均分子量为25000,酰亚胺化率为89%。
合成例10碱溶性聚酰亚胺树脂(A2-5)的合成
在干燥氮气气流下,将BAHF 23.83g(0.065摩尔)、ED-900(HUNTSMAN(株)制)18.00g(0.02摩尔)、作为封端剂的4-氨基苯酚(东京化成工业(株)制)3.27g(0.03摩尔)溶解于NMP 80g中。向其中添加4,4’-(六氟异亚丙基)二邻苯二甲酸二酐(6FDA)17.68g(0.04摩尔)、ODPA 18.72g(0.06摩尔)和NMP 20g,于60℃进行1小时反应,接下来于180℃进行4小时搅拌。搅拌结束后,将溶液投入到水3L中,得到白色沉淀。通过过滤来收集该沉淀,用水清洗3次,然后用80℃的真空干燥机进行20小时干燥,得到碱溶性聚酰亚胺树脂(A2-5)的粉末。树脂(A2-5)的重均分子量为28000,酰亚胺化率为93%。
合成例11聚酰亚胺树脂(A2-6)的合成
在干燥氮气气流下,将DAE 18.0g(0.09摩尔)溶解于NMP 80g中。向其中添加ODPA31.2g(0.1摩尔)和NMP 20g,于20℃进行1小时反应,接下来于50℃进行4小时反应。进而,然后于180℃进行5小时搅拌。搅拌结束后,将溶液投入到水3L中,得到白色沉淀。通过过滤来收集该沉淀,用水清洗3次,然后用80℃的真空干燥机进行20小时干燥,得到不具有与(A1)的反应性基团反应的取代基的聚酰亚胺树脂(以下为(A2-6))。
实施例1~14、比较例1~4
按照以下的表1所示的重量比将各成分混合,然后添加溶剂,制备固态成分浓度为40%的清漆,利用上述评价方法测定它们的特性。将得到的结果示于表2。
实施例15
使用涂布显影装置ACT-8,利用旋涂法以7μm的厚度将实施例10的清漆涂布在形成于8英寸的硅晶片上的5μm厚度的铝膜上,并且于120℃进行3分钟预烘烤。将刻有图案的掩模版设置于i线步进曝光机NSR-2005i9C(Nikon制),以500mJ/cm2的曝光量进行曝光。曝光后,使用ACT-8的显影装置,用2.38重量%的TMAH,利用旋覆浸没法反复进行2次显影(显影液的排出时间为10秒、旋覆浸没时间为40秒),然后用纯水清洗后,进行甩干,得到树脂膜图案。使用惰性气体烘箱CLH-21CD-S(Koyo Thermo Systems Co.,Ltd.制),在氮气气流下,以20ppm以下的氧浓度并以每分钟3.5℃的升温速度升温至200℃,于200℃进行1小时加热处理。温度成为50℃以下时,取出晶片。然后,在RIE-200iP(SAMCO公司制)0.5Pa、400W、Cl2/BCl3=10/45sccm的条件下进行干式蚀刻,然后,用纯水进行5分钟清洗。此时,虽然基板温度达到210℃,但在树脂膜上未产生剥离、裂纹、膨胀等。然后,在以重量比计二甲基亚砜/单乙醇胺=3/7的80℃的溶液中进行10分钟处理,进行树脂膜图案的溶解剥离。结果,在5μm厚的铝膜中,确认到3μm的微细的分辨率。
实施例16
利用旋涂法,以3μm厚度将实施例10的清漆涂布于4英寸的SiC晶片上,并且于120℃进行3分钟预烘烤。将刻有图案的掩模版设置于i线步进曝光机NSR-2005i9C(Nikon制),以500mJ/cm2的曝光量进行曝光。曝光后,使用自动显影装置,用2.38重量%的TMAH,利用旋覆浸没法反复进行2次显影(显影液的排出时间为10秒、旋覆浸没时间为40秒),然后用纯水清洗后,进行甩干,得到树脂膜图案。使用惰性气体烘箱CLH-21CD-S(Koyo Thermo SystemsCo.,Ltd.制),在氮气气流下,以20ppm以下的氧浓度并以每分钟3.5℃的升温速度升温至250℃,于250℃进行1小时加热处理。温度成为50℃以下时,取出晶片。然后,用离子注入装置(日新离子公司制)进行离子注入。离子注入在下述条件下实施:离子注入温度:250℃,离子注入能量:300keV,离子剂量:1×1013cm-2,离子种类:铝,电流值:500μA。离子注入后,在树脂膜上未发生剥离、裂纹、膨胀等。然后,在以重量比计二甲基亚砜/单乙醇胺=3/7的80℃的溶液中进行10分钟处理,进行树脂膜图案的溶解剥离。结果,可确认到能够以2μm的分辨率在SiC上形成Al的离子注入。
实施例17
利用旋涂法,以3μm厚度将实施例10的清漆涂布于4英寸的Si晶片上,并且于120℃进行3分钟预烘烤。将刻有图案的掩模版设置于i线步进曝光机NSR-2005i9C(Nikon制),以500mJ/cm2的曝光量进行曝光。曝光后,使用自动显影装置,用2.38重量%的TMAH,利用旋覆浸没法反复进行2次显影(显影液的排出时间为10秒、旋覆浸没时间为40秒),然后用纯水清洗后,进行甩干,得到树脂膜图案。使用惰性气体烘箱CLH-21CD-S(Koyo Thermo SystemsCo.,Ltd.制),在氮气气流下,以20ppm以下的氧浓度并以每分钟3.5℃的升温速度升温至250℃,于250℃进行1小时加热处理。温度成为50℃以下时,取出晶片。然后,利用离子铣削装置(JEOL制:IB-09020CP),在下述条件下进行离子铣削:加速电压:4kV,离子束直径:500μm(半峰宽),铣削速度:100μm/H。离子铣削后,在树脂膜上未发生剥离、裂纹、膨胀等。然后,在以重量比计二甲基亚砜/单乙醇胺=3/7的80℃的溶液中进行10分钟处理,进行树脂膜图案的溶解剥离。结果,可确认到能够以2μm的分辨率在Si晶片上形成槽。
[表1]
[表2]
Claims (12)
3.如权利要求1或2中任一项所述的树脂组合物,其中,树脂(A2)具有聚环氧乙烷结构及/或聚环氧丙烷结构。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的树脂组合物,所述树脂组合物还含有(d)热交联性化合物。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的树脂组合物,其中,于250℃进行1小时的热处理后,所述树脂组合物可溶于以重量比计二甲基亚砜/单乙醇胺=3/7的溶液中。
6.光致抗蚀剂,其包含权利要求1~5中任一项所述的树脂组合物。
7.半导体元件的制造方法,其具有下述工序:
(1)在基板上形成权利要求1~5中任一项所述的树脂组合物的图案的工序;
(2)于150℃以上进行下述处理的工序,所述处理为选自由(a)向所述基板中掺杂杂质离子的工序、(b)对所述基板进行蚀刻的工序及(c)在所述基板上进行干式制膜的工序组成的组中的1种以上;以及
(3)将所述图案剥离的工序。
8.如权利要求7所述的半导体元件的制造方法,其中,
所述工序(a)为下述工序中的任一者:
(a-1)向所述基板中注入离子的工序;或
(a-2)将掺杂剂暴露于所述形成有图案树脂膜的基板的工序。
9.如权利要求7所述的半导体元件的制造方法,其中,
所述工序(b)为下述工序中的任一者:
(b-1)利用干式蚀刻对所述基板进行图案加工的工序;或
(b-2)利用湿式蚀刻对所述基板进行图案加工的工序。
10.如权利要求7所述的半导体元件的制造方法,其中,所述工序(c)是利用干式制膜在所述基板上形成金属膜的工序。
11.如权利要求7~10中任一项所述的半导体元件的制造方法,其中,所述基板是含有选自由硅、二氧化硅(SiO2)、氮化硅(Si3N4)、碳化硅(SiC)、氮化镓(GaN)、磷化镓(GaP)、砷化镓(GaAs)、砷化镓铝(GaAlAs)、镓铟氮砷(GaInNAs)、氮化铟(InN)、磷化铟(InP)、氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)、砷化铟镓(InGaAs)、铟镓铝磷(InGaAlP)、氧化铟镓锌(IGZO)、金刚石、蓝宝石(Al2O3)、氧化铝锌(AZO)、氮化铝(AlN)、氧化锌(ZnO)、硒化锌(ZnSe)、硫化镉(CdS)及碲化镉(CdTe)、铝(A1)、金(Au)组成的组中的一种以上的基板。
12.半导体器件,其包含利用权利要求7~11中任一项所述的方法得到的半导体元件。
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