CN107406791B - 高温润滑剂 - Google Patents

高温润滑剂 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107406791B
CN107406791B CN201580069045.7A CN201580069045A CN107406791B CN 107406791 B CN107406791 B CN 107406791B CN 201580069045 A CN201580069045 A CN 201580069045A CN 107406791 B CN107406791 B CN 107406791B
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oil
temperature
additives
hydrogenated
grease
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CN107406791A (zh
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K.埃格斯德费尔
T.基尔陶
S.格伦代
S.泽迈尔
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Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
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Klueber Lubrication Muenchen SE and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及食物相容性高温润滑剂，尤其是高温油和高温脂，其包含下述组分：a）至少一种油，其选自偏苯三酸酯或不同的偏苯三酸酯的混合物、烷基芳烃、优选脂族取代的萘或长链酯；b）氢化的或完全氢化的聚异丁烯或者氢化的或完全氢化的聚异丁烯的混合物和；c）单个的或组合中的添加剂。在高温脂的情况中，添加增稠剂。

Description

高温润滑剂
技术领域
本发明涉及高温润滑剂，尤其是油和脂，其基于芳族酯、如偏苯三酸酯和不同偏苯三酸酯的混合物，烷基芳烃，长链酯(Estoliden)和完全氢化或氢化的聚异丁烯或其混合物，增稠剂。本发明还涉及该高温脂用于高达250℃的连续使用温度的用途。
背景技术
除了润滑效果，所述润滑剂还必须满足多个另外的任务：它们必须冷却，减小摩擦、磨损和力传递，防腐蚀并且同时具有密封的效果。此外，高温脂应是低噪声的。
传统的润滑剂对于高温应用不适合，因为它们在高的温度中例如经过氧化反应和/或热分解反应和聚合反应被破坏并且其润滑特性受到严重限制。在分解反应中，润滑剂裂解成低分子量的挥发性组分。其蒸发导致非期望的粘度改变、油损失和过量的蒸气形成。由此引起润滑效果的损失。同样，通过聚合使得润滑剂失去其润滑效果，这是由于不溶性聚合产物的形成。
去除这些污染提高了维护工作并且产生化学废物，该废物必须繁琐地被处理。由于增多的净化工作和维护工作，增加了中断运转的时间。总体上，在高温应用中使用不合适的润滑剂导致较高的成本，因为工作设备被污染并且存在对润滑剂的较高的需求。此外，产品品质下降。
作为用于高温应用的基油，通常采用合成酯，因为这些酯具有很好的氧化稳定性、水解稳定性和热稳定性。
为了适应在高温应用中的各种要求，所述润滑剂必须尤其具有高的稳定性、低的摩擦因子和高的抗磨损性。为了即便在高温的情况中也能确保均匀的润滑，必须在整个加工过程期间在金属部件之间保留液态的润滑油膜。因此，润滑剂在最大的加工温度下仅可以少量蒸发，形成少量的残留物和形成尽可能少量的裂化残留物。
高的温度通常在用于车辆技术、传送技术、机械制造、办公技术中以及在工业设备和机器中，而且还在家用机器和消费电子产品的领域中的链、滚动轴承和滑动轴承中时出现。
在滚动轴承和滑动轴承中，润滑剂负责用于：在彼此相叠地滑动的或者滚动的部件之间构建可分离的、可转移荷载的润滑油膜。由此实现的是，所述金属的表面彼此不接触并且由此也不出现磨损。所述润滑剂因此必须符合高的要求。它们包括极端的运行条件，如很高的或很低的转速、高的温度(其通过高的转速或通过外部加热造成)、很低的温度(例如在轴承中，该轴承在冷的周围环境中工作，或者在用于航空和航天时出现)。同样，现代润滑剂应该能够在所谓的净化空间条件下使用，以便避免由于润滑剂的摩耗或消耗的空间污染。此外，应在使用现代润滑剂时避免的是，该润滑剂蒸发并且由此“上漆(verlacken)”，也即，该润滑剂在短暂的使用之后变成固体并且不再显示润滑效果。对润滑剂也在所述应用中如下提出了特别的要求：即，轴承的工作面不会通过小的摩擦而侵蚀，轴承面低噪声地运行，以及在不需要补充润滑(Nachschmierung)时达到长的运行时间。同样，润滑剂必须经受住力作用，例如离心力、重力和振动。
在高温区域中的脂润滑的滚动轴承的长的功能持续时间的重要的特征参数，除了上使用温度外也在于润滑剂的噪声特性。润滑脂能够在参与运转(翻转、挠曲)时在滚动轴承中促进振动，该振动作为“润滑剂噪声”相对于在50至300Hz的低频带中的轴承噪声在300至1,800Hz的中频带和1,800至10,000Hz的高频带中。所述润滑剂噪声由噪声峰值叠加，该噪声峰值在硬的颗粒通过滚动体翻转时以撞击脉冲的形式在轴承环上产生。噪声特性的评价按照SKF-BeQuiet+-方法来进行。脂噪声等级如下述那样划分：
GNX：稍差于GN1(很差的噪声特性)
GN1：所有峰的>95％是<＝40μm/s(差的噪声特性)
GN2：所有峰的>95％是<＝20μm/s；所有峰的>98％是<＝40μm/s(中等的噪声特性)
GN3：所有峰的>95％是<＝10μm/s；所有峰的>98％是<＝20μm/s；
所有峰的>100％是<＝40μm/s(好的噪声特性)
GN4：所有峰的>95％是<＝5μm/s；所有峰的>98％是<＝10μm/s；所有峰的>100％是<＝20μm/s(很好的噪声特性)
润滑脂的噪声特性越好，则通过所述润滑剂迫使的轴承的振动越小。这与轴承的小的负荷意义相同并且导致轴承的较长的功能持续时间。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于：提供高温油和高温脂，其满足上述要求。尤其，所述润滑油或润滑脂应该在高的温度下经长的时间显示好的润滑效果。此外，所形成的裂化残留物不应上漆，而是通过新脂可再溶解。此外，所述高温润滑剂应该具有良好的水解稳定性，是耐腐蚀和耐磨损的，以及具有好的耐氧化性和与要求匹配的良好的低温特性。在低温中，这在润滑油中通过倾点并且在润滑脂中通过流动压力来定义。此外，高温脂应显示好的噪声特性，具有长的运行时间并且基本上不引起所述装置的磨损现象。
该任务根据本发明通过包含下述组分的高温油来实现：
a)93.9至45重量百分比的至少一种油，其选自烷基芳烃，优选脂族取代的萘，长链酯，偏苯三酸酯或不同偏苯三酸酯的混合物，其中，酯的醇基团是具有8至16个碳原子的直链或支链烷基，
b)6至45重量百分比的聚合物，也即氢化的或完全氢化的聚异丁烯或者氢化的或完全氢化的聚异丁烯的混合物；
c)0.1至10重量百分比的单个的或组合中的添加剂，其选自防腐蚀添加剂，抗氧化剂，抗磨损添加剂，UV-稳定剂，无机或有机的固体润滑剂。
该任务根据本发明通过包含下述组分的高温脂来实现：
a)91.9至25重量百分比的至少一种油，其选自烷基芳烃，优选脂族取代的萘，长链酯，偏苯三酸酯或不同偏苯三酸酯的混合物，其中，酯的醇基团是具有8至16个碳原子的直链或支链烷基，
b)6至45重量百分比的聚合物，也即氢化的或完全氢化的聚异丁烯或者氢化的或完全氢化的聚异丁烯的混合物；
c)0.1至10重量百分比的单个的或组合中的添加剂，其选自防腐蚀添加剂，抗氧化剂，抗磨损添加剂，UV-稳定剂，无机或有机的固体润滑剂；并且
d)2至20重量百分比的增稠剂。
意外地会发现的是，根据本发明的高温油和根据本发明的高温脂的特征在于优异的性能。即根据本发明的高温油或高温脂显示出结合了高的寿命和好的润滑特性的高的热稳定性。
根据本发明的高温油包含作为酯化合物的长链酯或不同长链酯的混合物或脂族取代的萘或不同脂族取代的萘的混合物。
长链酯的优选的粘度(在40℃下测量)在30和500mm2/s之间。尤其优选地，粘度是30至140mm2/s。
长链酯应理解为酯化合物，该酯化合物酸或酶催化地由脂肪酸优选油酸或二羧酸或该两者的混合物制成。在此，酸官能团进攻相邻的脂肪酸分子的双键，从而生成较高分子量的酯化合物。然后将末端的酸基团通常用醇，优选2-乙基己醇酯化，并且然后剩余的双键被氢化或用羧酸例如醋酸酯化。其它的醇像例如异戊醇或古伯特醇同样可以考虑用于末端的酸基团的酯化。
另外的长链酯也可经由羟基羧酸的缩合，或羟基羧酸与脂肪酸例如油酸衍生物或硬脂酸衍生物的缩合来合成。所使用的羟基羧酸或者不饱和酸的链长度可从C6达到C54。所述酸可含有另外的官能团，例如胺，醚，含硫基团。
此外，也可以考虑用α-烯烃或β-法尼烯进行酯化。
根据本发明的高温油可含有包含烷基芳烃的第二油。优选采用芳烃。芳烃根据本发明应理解为具有4至15个碳原子的单环、双环或三环环状体系，其中，所述单环环状体系是芳族的，或者在双环或三环环状体系中的环至少之一是芳族的。优选地，采用具有优选10个碳原子的双环环状体系。
优选地，所述芳烃被一个或多个脂族取代基取代。尤其优选地，所述芳烃被一个至四个脂族取代基和尤其是被两个或三个脂族取代基取代。
烷基根据本发明是饱和的脂族烃基，具有1至30，优选3至20，还更优选4至17和尤其6至15个碳原子。烷基可以是直链或支链并且可选地被上文所提到的取代基中的一个或多个取代。
根据本发明尤其优选地，所述润滑油含有至少一个脂族取代的萘，尤其是至少一个烷基取代的萘。优选地，萘被一个至四个脂族取代基且尤其是被两个或三个脂族取代基取代。
实际的试验已显示的是，不同取代的萘的混合物，也即具有不同的取代度和不同的脂族取代基的萘的混合物，是尤其合适的。通过改变混合物的组成，在该情况中可以尤其简单地设定高温润滑剂的性质，像例如粘度。脂族取代的萘的特征还在于优异的溶解性质和高的热氧化稳定性。
在40℃下测量的脂族取代的萘的粘度优选为30至600mm2/s，更优选地30至300m2/s。
根据本发明的高温油此外包含聚异丁烯。通过尤其在氢化度和分子量方面合适地选择聚异丁烯，能够以期望的方式来影响根据本发明的油的性质，例如其运动粘度和尤其是其残留物形成。所述聚异丁烯可以氢化的或完全氢化的形式采用，同样地，可以使用氢化的和完全氢化的聚异丁烯的混合物。优选地，采用完全氢化的聚异丁烯。所述聚异丁烯以6至45重量百分比的量存在于组合物中，优选采用10至45重量百分比，尤其15至45重量百分比。
根据本发明的高温油此外包含0.1至10重量百分比的添加剂，该添加剂单个地或者在组合中采用并且选自防腐蚀添加剂、抗氧化剂、抗磨损添加剂、UV-稳定剂、无机的或有机的固体润滑剂。
根据本发明的高温脂包含作为酯化合物的偏苯三酸酯或不同的偏苯三酸酯的混合物，其中，所述酯的醇基团是具有8至16个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。按照芳族酯的选择，可以调整润滑剂的性质，例如粘度，粘度-温度-特性，耐氧化性和残留物特性。
根据本发明的高温脂可含有包含烷基芳烃的第二油。优选采用芳烃。芳烃根据本发明应理解为具有4至15个碳原子的单环、双环或三环环状体系，其中，所述单环环状体系是芳族的，或者在双环或三环环状体系中的环至少之一是芳族的。优选地，采用具有优选10个碳原子的双环环状体系。
优选地，所述芳烃被一个或多个脂族取代基取代。尤其优选地，所述芳烃被一个至四个脂族取代基和尤其是被两个或三个脂族取代基取代。
烷基根据本发明是饱和的脂族烃基，具有1至30，优选3至20，还更优选4至17和尤其6至15个碳原子。烷基可以是直链或支链并且可选地被上文所提到的取代基中的一个或多个取代。
根据本发明尤其优选地，所述润滑脂含有至少一个脂族取代的萘，尤其是至少一个烷基取代的萘。优选地，萘被一个至四个脂族取代基和尤其被两个或三个脂族取代基取代。
实际的试验已显示的是，不同取代的萘的混合物，也即具有不同的取代度和不同的脂族取代基的萘的混合物，是尤其合适的。通过改变混合物的组成，在该情况中可以尤其简单地设定高温润滑剂的性质，像例如粘度。脂族取代的萘的特征还在于优异的溶解性质和高的热氧化稳定性。
在40℃下测量的脂族取代的萘的粘度优选为30至600mm2/s，更优选地30至300m2/s。
此外，也可以使用长链酯。优选的粘度(在40℃下测量)在30和500mm2/s之间。尤其优选地，粘度为30至140mm2/s。
根据本发明的高温脂此外包含聚异丁烯。通过尤其在氢化度和分子量方面合适地选择聚异丁烯，能够以期望的方式来影响根据本发明的脂的性质，例如其运动粘度。所述聚异丁烯可以氢化的或完全氢化的形式来使用，同样地，可以使用氢化的和完全氢化的聚异丁烯的混合物。优选地，采用完全氢化的聚异丁烯。所述聚异丁烯以6至45重量百分比的量存在于组合物中，优选使用10至45重量百分比，尤其15至45重量百分比。
按照另一个优选的实施方式，所述聚异丁烯具有115至10,000g/mol，优选160至5000g/mol的数均分子量。
根据本发明的高温脂此外包含0.1至10重量百分比的添加剂，该添加剂单个地或者在组合中采用并且选自防腐蚀添加剂、抗氧化剂、抗磨损添加剂、UV-稳定剂、无机的或有机的固体润滑剂。
根据本发明的高温脂此外包含增稠剂。所述增稠剂在润滑剂组成的根据本发明的高温脂中或者是由可以单个或在组合中使用的二异氰酸酯，优选2,4-二异氰酸根合甲苯，2,6-二异氰酸根合甲苯，4,4'-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷，2,4'-二异氰酸根合苯基甲烷，4,4'-二异氰酸根合二苯基，4,4'-二异氰酸根合-3,3'-二甲基苯基，4,4'-二异氰酸根合-3,3'-二甲基苯基甲烷与通式为R'2-N-R的胺或通式为R'2-N-R-NR'2的二胺，或与胺和二胺的混合物的反应产物，其中，R是具有2至22个碳原子的芳基、烷基或亚烷基，和R'相同或不同地为氢，烷基，亚烷基或芳基，或者选自Al-复合皂，元素周期表的第一和第二主族的元素的金属-单皂，元素周期表的第一和第二主族的元素的金属-复合皂，膨润土，磺酸盐，硅酸盐，气相法二氧化硅，聚酰亚胺或者PTFE或者前述增稠剂的混合物。
作为用于高温油和高温脂的添加剂，在下文所提到的添加剂具有特别好的物理和化学性质：
抗氧化剂的添加可尤其在其使用时减少或甚至阻止根据本发明的油或脂的氧化。在氧化中，可产生非期望的自由基并且因此增多地出现所述高温润滑剂的分解反应。通过添加抗氧化剂来稳定所述高温脂。
根据本发明，尤其合适的抗氧化剂是下述化合物：
苯乙烯化二苯胺，二芳基胺(diaromatische Amine)，酚醛树脂，苯硫酚树脂，亚磷酸酯，丁基化羟基甲苯，丁基化羟基茴香醚，苯基-α-萘胺，苯基-β-萘胺，辛基化/丁基化二苯胺，二-β-生育酚，二叔丁基苯基，苯丙酸，含硫酚类化合物，酚类化合物和这些组分的混合物。
高温脂还可含有防腐蚀添加剂、金属钝化剂或者离子络合剂。对此包括三唑，咪唑啉，N-甲基甘氨酸(肌氨酸)，苯并三唑衍生物，N,N-二(2-乙基己基)-1H-甲基苯并三唑-1-甲胺；n-甲基-N(1-氧代-9-十八碳烯基)甘氨酸，磷酸和与(C11-14)-烷基胺反应的单-和二异辛酯的混合物，磷酸和与叔烷基胺和(C12-14)-伯胺反应的单-和二异辛酯的混合物，十二烷酸，硫代磷酸三苯酯(Triphenylphosphorthionate)和磷酸酯胺盐(Aminphosphate)。可商购的添加剂是下述的：
Figure BDA0001324006010000071
39，
Figure BDA0001324006010000072
DSS G，Amin O；
Figure BDA0001324006010000073
O(Ciba)，
Figure BDA0001324006010000074
122，
Figure BDA0001324006010000075
303，
Figure BDA0001324006010000076
9123，CI-426，CI-426EP，CI-429和CI-498。
另外的抗磨损添加剂是胺，磷酸酯胺盐，磷酸酯，硫代磷酸酯(Thiophosphate)，硫代磷酸酯(Phosphorthionate)和这些组分的混合物。可商购的抗磨损添加剂包括：
Figure BDA0001324006010000077
TPPT，
Figure BDA0001324006010000078
232，
Figure BDA0001324006010000079
349，
Figure BDA00013240060100000710
211和
Figure BDA00013240060100000711
RC3760Liq 3960，
Figure BDA00013240060100000712
FG 1505和FG 1506，
Figure BDA00013240060100000713
KR-015FG，
Figure BDA00013240060100000719
FG，
Figure BDA00013240060100000716
40-D，
Figure BDA00013240060100000717
FGA 1820和
Figure BDA00013240060100000718
FGA 1810。
此外，所述脂可含有固体润滑剂，如PTFE，BN，焦磷酸盐，氧化锌，氧化镁，焦磷酸盐，硫代硫酸盐，碳酸镁，碳酸钙，硬脂酸钙，硫化锌，硫化钼，硫化钨，硫化锡，石墨，石墨烯，纳米管，SiO2-变型或其混合物。
实际的试验显示的是，根据本发明的高温油或高温脂至最高250℃的温度不具有或者具有可忽略的分解现象。将其理解为，少于10％的润滑剂分解。
根据本发明的高温油或高温脂可含有作为另一种基础油的油，其选自矿物油，脂族羧酸酯和二羧酸酯，脂肪酸甘油三酯，均苯四酸酯，二苯醚，间苯三酚酯和/或聚-α-烯烃，α-烯烃-共聚物。
在一个特别的实施方式中，根据本发明的高温油或高温脂含有长链酯，其中优选地，长链酯的主要组成部分通过选自向日葵油，菜籽油，蓖麻油，亚麻油，玉米油，蓟油，大豆油，亚麻籽油，花生油，“Lesqueralle”油，棕榈油，橄榄油或前述的油的混合物的天然油为起始的化学或酶方法来获得。
实际的试验显示的是，根据本发明的高温油或高温脂由于其物理和化学性质优异地用于车辆技术、传送技术、机械制造、办公技术中以及在工业设备和机器中，而且还在家用机器和消费电子产品的领域中的链、滚动轴承和滑动轴承中。由于其良好的耐热性，它也可用于高达260℃的高的使用温度中，优选在150至250℃的温度中。
本发明还涉及一种用于制备上述高温油或高温脂的方法，其中，将基础油和添加剂彼此混合。
现借助于下文的实施例更加详细地阐释本发明。
实施例1至2
根据本发明的高温油的制备
将长链酯或脂族取代的萘预置在搅拌锅炉中。在100℃下，在搅拌下向其中添加聚异丁烯和任选地另一种油。随后，搅拌该混合物1h，以便获得均匀的混合物。将所述抗磨损添加剂和抗氧化剂在60℃下在搅拌下添加到锅炉中。在大约1小时后，可将制成的油填入到所设置的容器中。
高温油的组成：
表1
Figure BDA0001324006010000081
表2
Figure BDA0001324006010000082
油实施例的基础数据可从表3中得出。
表3
Figure BDA0001324006010000091
此外，依据DIN 51834-2在SRV中测量所述油的摩擦特性和在动态的TGA中测量蒸发损失。结果在表4和5中示出并且在图1和2中图形表示出。
表4
Figure BDA0001324006010000092
表5
Figure BDA0001324006010000093
Figure BDA0001324006010000101
实施例3至8
根据本发明的高温脂的制备
将基础油预置在搅拌锅炉中。在100℃下，在搅拌下向其中添加聚异丁烯和任选地另一种油和增稠剂。
所述增稠剂通过在基础油中所采用的反应物的原位反应来产生。随后，将混合物加热到150℃至210℃，搅拌多个小时并且再次冷却。在冷却过程中，在大约60℃下，向其中添加所需的抗磨损添加剂、抗氧化剂和防腐蚀添加剂。脂的均匀的混合物通过经由辊、胶体磨或Gaulin的最终的均匀化步骤来获得。
在表6中显示了高温脂的组成。
表6
Figure BDA0001324006010000102
Figure BDA0001324006010000111
在实施例3至8中所使用的增稠剂指的是：
实施例3：LiOH、12-羟基硬脂酸，壬二酸
实施例4：LiOH、12-羟基硬脂酸，壬二酸
实施例5：LiOH、12-羟基硬脂酸，壬二酸
实施例6：二脲；亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯(MDI)，辛胺，油胺
实施例7：二脲；MDI，辛胺，油胺
实施例8：二脲；MDI，辛胺，油胺。
脂试样3至8的一般的特征数据显示在表7中。
表7
Figure BDA0001324006010000112
Figure BDA0001324006010000121
在30h后在150℃下的不同的脂试样的蒸发损失位于2％和5％之间，这强调了这些脂设计方案的很好的热稳定性。
油沉积对脂的润滑效果具有决定性的影响。在此要注意的是，一方面油沉积不会过高并且油从轴承中逸出并且由此不再提供给摩擦系统，和另一方面没有观察到油沉积，从而失去了脂的润滑效果。所述油沉积应理想地位于0.5和8重量百分比之间，由此可在轴承中形成最佳的润滑油膜。
实施例的脂会经受按照DIN 51 821的FE9滚动轴承试验，在其中，测定所试验的脂的寿命并且在中等的转速和中等的轴向负荷的情况中确定在滚动轴承中的润滑脂的上使用温度。
所试验的脂和L10和L50-值的结果在表8中示出。
表8
Figure BDA0001324006010000122
Figure BDA0001324006010000131
表8示出的是，运行时间通过使用PIB结合不同的基础油具有长的运行时间并且由此适用于在持续运行中的高的应用温度。
此外，对脂的噪声特性按照SKF Be Quiet+根据实施例3至8来测量。在表9中给出结果。
表9
Figure BDA0001324006010000132
不同的脂配制品的噪声特性受使用完全氢化的聚异丁烯积极地影响。除实施例6以外，能够获得好至很好的噪声性质。
按照实施例3的脂的性质(在其中会使用完全氢化的PIB)现与含有PIB的脂(比较例3)比较，在其中，还存在双键，也即未完全氢化的PIB。
按照比较例3的脂的其它的组成对应于实施例3的其它的组成。
表10
Figure BDA0001324006010000133
Figure BDA0001324006010000141
脂与完全氢化的PIB和未完全氢化的PIB的比较在表10中示出的是，实施例3的脂显示了在FE9检验中的双倍的运行时间，较小的蒸发损失和显著更好的噪声特性。
为了证明含有完全氢化的PIB的油的有利的性质，这会与含有部分氢化的PIB的油比较。表11示出了结果。
表11
Figure BDA0001324006010000142
Figure BDA0001324006010000151
4＝在完全蒸发后可很好地溶解的残留物，3＝在完全蒸发后可良好溶解的残留物，2＝在完全蒸发后可部分溶解的残留物，1＝在完全蒸发后不可溶解的残留物。
表11显示的是，在使用完全氢化的和部分氢化的PIB的情况下存在明显的差异。即，基于部分氢化的PIV的残留物的溶解不再可行，而具有完全氢化的PIB的油具有很好的再溶解性质。

Claims (6)

1.一种高温油，其包含：
a）93.9至45重量百分比的至少一种油，其选自脂族取代的萘，或者得自基于天然油的化学或酶方法的长链酯，所述天然油选自向日葵油，菜籽油，蓖麻油，亚麻籽油，玉米油，蓟油，大豆油，花生油，“Lesquerella”油，棕榈油，橄榄油或前述的油的混合物；
b）6至45重量百分比的聚合物，也即氢化的或完全氢化的聚异丁烯；
c）0.1至10重量百分比的单个的或组合中的添加剂，其选自防腐蚀添加剂，抗氧化剂，抗磨损添加剂，UV-稳定剂，无机或有机的固体润滑剂。
2.一种高温脂，其包含：
a）91.9至25重量百分比的至少一种油，其选自脂族取代的萘，或者得自基于天然油的化学或酶方法的长链酯，所述天然油选自向日葵油，菜籽油，蓖麻油，亚麻籽油，玉米油，蓟油，大豆油，花生油，“Lesquerella”油，棕榈油，橄榄油或前述的油的混合物；
b）6至45重量百分比的聚合物，其选自氢化的或完全氢化的聚异丁烯；
c）0.1至10重量百分比的单个的或组合中的添加剂，其选自防腐蚀添加剂，抗氧化剂，抗磨损添加剂，UV-稳定剂，无机或有机的固体润滑剂；和
d）2至20重量百分比的增稠剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高温脂，其中，所述增稠剂选自Al-复合皂，元素周期表的第一和第二主族的元素的金属-单皂，元素周期表的第一和第二主族的元素的金属-复合皂，膨润土，磺酸盐，硅酸盐，气相法二氧化硅，聚酰亚胺，或者前述增稠剂的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的高温油或高温脂用于在工业设备、家用机器的领域中润滑滚动轴承和滑动轴承，并且用于润滑连续压制的链、链传动轮和带的用途。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的高温油或高温脂用于在车辆技术、传送技术、机械制造、办公技术中润滑滚动轴承和滑动轴承的用途。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的高温油或高温脂用于在消费电子产品的领域中润滑滚动轴承和滑动轴承的用途。
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