CN107347336B - Creating method of fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in drought irrigation area - Google Patents
Creating method of fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in drought irrigation area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for creating a topdressing fertilizer window in fruit tree cultivation management in a drought irrigation area, which is carried out according to the following steps in the growth season of fruit trees: step one, determining the position of a fertilizer feeding window in a root area of a fruit tree; step two, determining the number of fertilizer feeding windows of the fruit trees; step three, punching and punching specification; fourthly, installing a vertical well pipe in the hole; step five, irrigating the vertical shaft pipe; sixthly, filling substances which can store water, maintain fertilizer and facilitate root growth in the vertical shaft pipe; seventhly, root cutting; step eight, establishing a standard of a fertilizer feeding window: through the repeated implementation of the steps from one to seven, a large number of roots can be formed inside and outside the vertical well pipe after 4 months to a growing season, so that a fertilizer feeding window is formed, and various fertilizers can be applied inside the vertical well pipe. The invention can realize fertilization in the root sleeve of the fertilizer feeding window formed by a large number of root systems, effectively improves the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and reduces the cultivation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for creating a topdressing fertilizer window in fruit tree cultivation management in a drought irrigation area.
Background
Arid and semiarid regions in the north of the Yangtze river in China are vast cultivation regions of deciduous fruit trees in the north, the area reaches hundreds of millions of acres, the method is an important agricultural support industry in China, and the economic forest has very important significance for realizing the short-term growth of forests, promoting the production and operation of forestry and constantly using the Qingshan, and realizing the crossover development of the forestry production. The development of the forest and fruit industry is not only related to the development of the forest and fruit industry, the forestry and the ecological construction, but also related to the development, survival and income problems of thousands of fruit growers and enterprises.
The most important environment and measure in the process of fruit tree cultivation in arid and semiarid regions is water and fertilizer management, the fertilizer management (topdressing and fertilizing) directly relates to the yield, quality and input cost of forest fruits, and the fertilizer has the functions of promoting root development, stimulating fruit tree growth, enhancing disease resistance and the like, and soil nutrients have extremely important functions on fruit tree nutrition. The state and government pay high attention to fertilizer management, and a large number of related national, local and enterprise fertilizer application standards and regulations are established.
At present, various methods of burying, spraying, broadcasting and water application are generally adopted for conventional fertilization, and a series of problems of blind fertilization areas (some areas have no root systems), unclear fertilization effect, low utilization rate, huge fertilization amount and the like widely exist in the fertilization methods, influence the normal growth and development of fruit trees, yield and quality, benefit and income, increase investment, generally reduce the overall effect and benefit of the forest and fruit industry, and simultaneously have great negative effects on soil and water resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for creating a fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in a drought irrigation area, wherein the fruit tree fertilizer feeding window is formed by creating a fertilizer application window in a main distribution area of root systems and creating a fertilizer feeding window surrounded by a large number of root systems according to the function that the root systems of fruit trees are organs for absorbing nutrients and water and the characteristic that the root systems of fruit trees grow to fertilizer and water in the growth and development processes, and then applying fertilizer in a root sleeve, so that the full utilization and absorption of the fertilizer are ensured, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, the fertilizer application amount is reduced, the soil fixation and loss of the fertilizer are avoided, particularly the fertilizer easy to be fixed by the soil is avoided, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer reaches more than 70%.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the invention relates to a creating method of a fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in a drought irrigation area, which is carried out in the growth season of fruit trees according to the following steps:
step one, determining the position of a fertilizer feeding window in a root area of a fruit tree: determining the position of a fertilizer feeding window according to the root distribution space of the fruit tree;
step two, determining the number of fertilizer feeding windows of the fruit trees: the number of the fertilizer feeding windows is 1-8, and the fertilizer feeding windows are uniformly distributed on the circumference with the tree as the center of a circle;
step three, punching and punching specification: after the position of a fertilizer feeding window is determined, 1-8 holes are vertically punched by a punching machine or manually;
step four, installing a vertical well pipe in the hole: selecting a vertical well pipe which has the same specification as the punched hole, is provided with an opening at the upper end, is sealed at the lower end and is provided with a water permeable hole, inserting and installing the selected vertical well pipe into the punched hole, and keeping the pipe wall of the vertical well pipe and the inner wall of the hole tightly attached;
step five, filling water into the vertical shaft pipe: after the vertical well pipe is installed, water is poured from an upper pipe orifice, the water quantity when the water is poured can ensure that the vertical well pipe is full of the pipe and seeps outwards, and the subsequent seven-root cutting step is combined, substances in the pipe are manually taken out every 40-50 days and then the water is poured once;
step six, filling materials with the functions of storing water, preserving fertilizer and facilitating root growth in the vertical shaft pipe: after irrigation is finished each time, substances which can store water, preserve fertilizer and facilitate root growth are added into the vertical shaft pipe after water in the vertical shaft pipe is seeped out completely until the substances are added to the pipe orifice, then the pipe orifice is opened every 10 days, the substances which can store water, preserve fertilizer and facilitate root growth are fully moistened once by nutrient solution, chemical fertilizer solution and drip irrigation fertilizer solution, and the pipe orifice of the vertical shaft is sealed by a cover after the substances are moistened;
seventhly, root breaking: the root system outside the vertical well pipe, which is broken due to the perforation in the step three, can germinate new roots along the wall of the vertical well pipe and grow into the permeable holes in the vertical well pipe, the root system growing in the vertical well pipe artificially takes out substances which can store water, preserve fertilizer and facilitate the growth of the root system in the vertical well pipe every 40-50 days, and simultaneously cuts off the root system growing in the vertical well pipe along the inner wall of the vertical well pipe, so that the root system outside the wall of the vertical well pipe is promoted to germinate a large number of new roots along the outer side of the wall of the vertical well pipe and branch, and more root systems grow into the vertical well pipe, so that the root;
step eight, establishing a standard of a fertilizer feeding window: through the repeated implementation of the steps from one to seven, a large number of roots can be formed inside and outside the vertical well pipe after 4 months to a growing season, so that a fertilizer feeding window is formed, and various fertilizers can be applied inside the vertical well pipe.
The invention can realize fertilization in the root sleeves of the fertilizer feeding windows formed by a large number of root systems, effectively improves the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer, particularly the fertilizer easy to be fixed by soil, can effectively reduce the application amount of the fertilizer, saves the fertilizer and reduces the cultivation cost. The fertilizer feeding window is formed at one time and used for many years, cultivation management is not affected, management and maintenance are convenient, and the core technical problems of low fertilizer efficiency and low utilization rate in the current fertilization are solved and broken through.
The fertilizer management (topdressing and fertilizing) is the most important management measure in the fruit tree management measures in arid regions, is directly related to the yield, quality and input cost of forest fruits, and effectively reduces the negative influence of a large amount of fertilizer on soil and water resources. The invention is based on the function that the root system of the fruit tree is an organ for absorbing nutrient and moisture, and simultaneously based on the characteristic that the root system of the fruit tree has fertilizer and water growth in the growth and development processes, on the basis of researching the root system of the fruit tree in a large amount, a fertilizer application window is created in the main distribution area of the root system, a local environment (fertilizer application window) which is extremely beneficial to the growth and development of the root system is provided, so that the root system of the fruit tree is gathered and grown in a large amount around the fertilizer application window, a fertilizer feeding window (a root sleeve is gradually formed) surrounded by a large amount of root systems is created, then fertilizer is applied in the root sleeve, the full utilization and absorption of the fertilizer are ensured, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, the fertilizer application amount is reduced, the soil fixation and the loss of the fertilizer are avoided, particularly the fertilizer which is easy to be fixed by the soil is achieved, the management and maintenance are convenient, and the core technical problems of low fertilizer efficiency and low utilization rate in the current fertilization are solved and broken through. The method thoroughly changes various methods of burying, spraying, broadcasting and water application of the current fruit tree fertilization, and changes a series of problems of blindness of fertilization areas (some areas have no root systems), unclear fertilization effect, low utilization rate, huge fertilization amount and the like in the current fertilization method.
The method is completely different from the conventional fertilizing method, has reasonable design and strong operability, and provides a new method for fertilizing fruit trees and improving fertilizer efficiency.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
The implementation place is as follows: a good wood variety test base in Wenpun county in Aksu region of Xinjiang.
Implementation site environmental conditions: the test site was located at the north edge of the Tarim basin, 30km from Acksu and 980km from Wulu wood, Inc. Geographical positions (E80 degrees 32 degrees, N41 degrees 15 degrees), elevation 1103.8m, planting area of red date and apple each 1 mu, contrast over 30 mu, plant spacing 2m 4 m. The method belongs to continental arid desert climate, and is characterized in that the distribution is uneven in four seasons, the precipitation is rare, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the weather is mostly strong wind and cooled, the spring is short, the phenomenon of falling spring cold often occurs, summer is hot and dry, the rainfall changes greatly in the annual period, the annual average rainfall is 63.4mm, the evaporation capacity is 2856.3mm, the annual average temperature is 10.1 ℃, the extreme low temperature is-27.4 ℃, the accumulated temperature is more than or equal to 10 ℃ and is 2916.8 ℃ to 3198.6 ℃, the annual average sunshine hours are 2747.7h, and the frost-free period is 185 days; the soil is sandy loam, the pH value is 8.51 to 9.75, the organic matter is 0.24 to 1.62 percent, and the soil is medium thick, alkalescent and about 1.5 m. Irrigation mode is flood irrigation, irrigation is carried out 6 times per year, and irrigation quantity per mu year is 1200 m.
Example 1: the invention relates to a creating method of a fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in a drought irrigation area, which is carried out in the growth season of fruit trees according to the following steps:
step one, determining the position of a fertilizer feeding window in a root area of a fruit tree: determining the position of a fertilizer feeding window according to the root distribution space of the fruit tree;
step two, determining the number of fertilizer feeding windows of the fruit trees: the number of the fertilizer feeding windows is 1-8, and the fertilizer feeding windows are uniformly distributed on the circumference with the tree as the center of a circle;
step three, punching and punching specification: after the position of a fertilizer feeding window is determined, 1-8 holes are vertically punched by a punching machine or manually;
step four, installing a vertical well pipe in the hole: selecting a vertical well pipe which has the same specification as the punching hole, is provided with an open upper end and a sealed lower end, and is provided with a water outlet hole on the pipe wall, inserting and installing the selected vertical well pipe into the punched hole, and keeping the pipe wall of the vertical well pipe and the inner wall of the hole tightly attached;
step five, filling water into the vertical shaft pipe: after the vertical well pipe is installed, water is poured from an upper pipe orifice, the water quantity when the water is poured can ensure that the vertical well pipe is full of the pipe and seeps outwards, and the subsequent seven root cutting steps are combined, and substances which can store water, maintain fertilizer and facilitate root growth in the pipe are manually taken out every 40-50 days and then water is poured once;
step six, filling materials with the functions of storing water, preserving fertilizer and facilitating root growth in the vertical shaft pipe: after irrigation is finished each time, substances which can store water, preserve fertilizer and facilitate root growth are added into the vertical shaft pipe after water in the vertical shaft pipe is seeped out completely until the substances are added to the pipe orifice, then the pipe orifice is opened every 10 days, the substances which can store water, preserve fertilizer and facilitate root growth are fully moistened once by nutrient solution, chemical fertilizer solution and drip irrigation fertilizer solution, and the pipe orifice of the vertical shaft is sealed by a cover after the substances are moistened;
seventhly, root breaking: the root system outside the vertical well pipe, which is broken due to the perforation in the step three, can germinate new roots along the wall of the vertical well pipe and grow into the permeable holes in the vertical well pipe, the root system growing in the vertical well pipe artificially takes out substances which can store water, preserve fertilizer and facilitate the growth of the root system in the vertical well pipe every 40-50 days, and simultaneously cuts off the root system growing in the vertical well pipe along the inner wall of the vertical well pipe, so that the root system outside the wall of the vertical well pipe is promoted to germinate a large number of new roots along the outer side of the wall of the vertical well pipe and branch, and more root systems grow into the vertical well pipe, so that the root;
step eight, establishing a standard of a fertilizer feeding window: through the repeated implementation of the steps from one to seven, a large number of roots can be formed inside and outside the vertical well pipe after 4 months to a growing season, so that a fertilizer feeding window is formed, and various fertilizers can be applied inside the vertical well pipe.
In the first step, the position of a fertilizer feeding window in a root system area of a fruit tree is determined according to a root system distribution space of the fruit tree, and the position of the fertilizer feeding window comprises the following three conditions: (1) the fruit trees with the ground diameter of 1-10cm are arranged on the circumference which takes the trees as the circle center and has the radius of 30-60cm, the larger the ground diameter of the fruit trees is, the farther the fertilizer feeding window is from the fruit trees; (2) the fruit trees with the ground diameter of 10-20cm are arranged on the circumference which takes the trees as the circle center and has the radius of 60-90cm, the larger the ground diameter of the fruit trees is, the farther the fertilizer feeding window is from the fruit trees; (3) the fruit trees with the ground diameter of more than 20cm are arranged on the circumference which takes the trees as the circle center and has the radius of 90-120cm, the larger the ground diameter of the fruit trees is, the farther the fertilizer feeding window is from the fruit trees.
In the second step, the number of fertilizer feeding windows of the fruit trees is determined: the number of the fertilizer feeding windows is 1-8, the fertilizer feeding windows are uniformly distributed on the circumference with the trees as the circle center, the specific number is determined according to the operation intensity of the fruit trees, and the higher the operation intensity is, the more the number of the fertilizer feeding windows is.
The vertical well pipe in the fourth step can adopt a vertical well pipe for forest water-saving irrigation with the patent number ZL 201220437030.5.
And fifthly, the upper pipe orifice can be used for irrigation manually or in combination with irrigation of forest trees, and the water quantity during irrigation can ensure that the vertical shaft pipe is full of water and seeps outwards.
The substances capable of storing water, preserving fertilizer and facilitating root growth in the fifth, sixth and seventh steps are one or a mixture (hereinafter referred to as additive substances) of decomposed sawdust, sheep manure and cow manure, the additive substances are fully dried before the first addition, then the additive substances are fully moistened by nutrient solution, fertilizer solution and drip irrigation fertilizer solution, then the vertical well pipe is filled with the additive substances, and then the pipe opening is sealed by hard materials.
After the water is filled and the vertical well pipe is filled with the additive every time and the additive is rewetted, the mouth of the vertical well pipe is closed at the earth surface, so that the aim of preventing other substances on the earth surface from entering the pipe and rapidly overflowing the water in the pipe is fulfilled.
And step eight, additionally applying various fertilizers in the vertical shaft pipe, wherein the utilization rate of the fertilizers can reach more than 70%, and particularly the fertilizers which are easy to fix by soil. When the root sleeve is formed around the vertical shaft pipe, the vertical shaft pipe can be drawn out and can also be permanently placed underground.
The fertilizer feeding window topdressing method comprises the following steps: one is to mix the fertilizer into water and pour the fertilizer into a vertical shaft pipe manually or in a drip irrigation mode; one is that the additive in the vertical shaft pipe is taken out, the fertilizer liquid is fully soaked in the fully dried additive and is poured into the vertical shaft pipe; one is to mix slow release fertilizer and fertilizer particles with wet additive and then pour the mixture into a vertical well pipe; and sealing the pipe orifice after finishing the dressing.
And (3) management of a fertilizer feeding window: after the fertilizer feeding window is built, normal maintenance requirements cannot take out the filler, the upper part is required to close the pipe orifice, and the forest is required to carry out normal water and fertilizer management.
Example 2: tree species and variety: red dates (fructus Jujubae), 8 years old, with an average ground diameter of 8.2 cm.
The invention relates to a creating method of a fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in a drought irrigation area, which comprises the following specific implementation steps of 4, 12 months in 2014:
step one, determining the position of a fertilizer feeding window in a root area of a fruit tree: according to the root distribution, the position of a fertilizer feeding window is determined to be 60cm with each fruit tree as the center of a circle;
step two, the number of fertilizer feeding windows of the fruit trees is as follows: according to the plant row spacing and the management level of the test, the number of fertilizer feeding windows is determined to be 2, the fertilizer feeding windows are distributed at the position of the plant spacing of 60cm by taking the tree as the center of a circle, and one fertilizer feeding window is arranged on each of two sides of the fruit tree;
step three, punching and punching specification: punch 2 holes with a punch. The hole specification is 10cm in diameter and 60cm in depth;
step four, installing a vertical well pipe in the hole: selecting a vertical shaft pipe with the same specification as the drilled hole, wherein the diameter of the vertical shaft pipe is 10cm, the length of the vertical shaft pipe is 60cm, a sealing plate is fixed at the lower end of the vertical shaft pipe, a water inlet is formed in the upper end of a pipe body, water outlet holes are densely distributed in the pipe body, the distance between the uppermost water outlet hole on the pipe body and the top of the pipe body is 5 cm, the aperture of the water outlet hole is 0.5 cm, the pipe body is made of a plastic material, the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.2cm, a utility model patent product (patent number: ZL 201220437030.5) is specifically selected, the selected vertical shaft pipe is inserted and installed in the drilled hole, the pipe wall and the hole of the vertical shaft pipe are closely attached to each other;
step five, filling water into the vertical shaft pipe: after the vertical well pipes are installed, water is filled from the pipe orifices at the upper parts, artificial irrigation is adopted, the water quantity during the water filling ensures that the vertical well pipes are fully filled with water and seep outwards, the irrigation water quantity of one vertical well pipe at a time is 110 kilograms plus materials, the seven root cutting steps are combined, and the water is filled after the substances in the pipes are manually taken out every 40 days;
step six, filling materials with the functions of storing water, preserving fertilizer and facilitating root growth in the vertical shaft pipe: after the irrigation is finished each time and the water in the vertical shaft pipe is completely infiltrated, adding rotten sawdust in the vertical shaft pipe, fully drying the rotten sawdust before the first addition, then adding 5% of diamine phosphate into the sawdust and fully wetting the sawdust with 1% of urea solution, then adding the sawdust into the vertical shaft pipe after the pipe is full, and then sealing the pipe opening; then fully wetting the sawdust once every 10 days by using 1% urea solution;
step seven: root cutting: the substances in the tube are manually taken out every 40 days, and simultaneously root systems growing in the tube are cut off along the wall of the inner tube, so that the root systems outside the tube wall are promoted to germinate a large number of new roots to grow and branch along the outer side of the tube wall, and meanwhile, more and more root systems grow into the tube, so that the root systems gradually wrap the tube.
Step eight, establishing a standard of a fertilizer feeding window: through the repetition of the steps from 4 months to a growing season, a large number of root systems can be formed inside and outside the vertical shaft pipe, so that a standard fertilizer feeding window is formed. At this time, various fertilizers can be applied in the vertical shaft pipe, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can reach more than 70%, and particularly the fertilizer is easy to be fixed by soil. The fertilizer feeding window is created for 80 days to be used, but the longer the time is, the more dense the formed root sleeve is, the higher the fertilizer utilization rate is, otherwise, the reverse is true. The test vertical shaft pipe is not taken out;
the fertilizer feeding window topdressing method comprises the following steps: after a fertilizer feeding window is built, topdressing is carried out by adopting two methods, one method is water-insoluble or slow-release fertilizer, fillers in the pipe are taken out, and the fertilizer is mixed with fully wet sawdust and then is poured into a vertical well pipe; the other is a fertilizer dissolved in water, the fertilizer is dissolved in water and is poured (dripped) into a pipe manually or in a drip irrigation mode, and the fertilizer liquid is fully soaked in the filler; sealing the pipe orifice after the dressing is finished;
and (3) management of a fertilizer feeding window: after the fertilizer feeding window is built, the filler cannot be taken out in normal maintenance, the pipe opening is sealed at the upper part, and the forest is subjected to normal water and fertilizer management.
Example 3: tree species and variety: apple (red Fuji), 7 years old, with an average ground diameter of 10.4 cm.
The invention relates to a creating method of a fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in a drought irrigation area, which comprises the following specific implementation steps beginning at 20 days 4 and 20 months 2015:
step one, determining the position of a fertilizer feeding window in a root area of a fruit tree: according to the root distribution, the position of a fertilizer feeding window is determined to be 60cm with each fruit tree as the center of a circle;
step two, the number of fertilizer feeding windows of the fruit trees is as follows: according to the plant row spacing and the management level of the test, the number of fertilizer feeding windows is determined to be 2, the fertilizer feeding windows are distributed at the position of the plant spacing of 60cm by taking the tree as the center of a circle, and one fertilizer feeding window is arranged on each of two sides of the fruit tree;
step three, punching and punching specification: punch 2 holes with a punch. The hole specification is 10cm in diameter and 60cm in depth;
step four, installing a vertical well pipe in the hole: selecting a vertical shaft pipe with the same specification as the punched hole, wherein the diameter of the vertical shaft pipe is 10cm, the length of the vertical shaft pipe is 60cm, a sealing plate is fixed at the lower end of the vertical shaft pipe, a water inlet is formed in the upper end of a pipe body, water outlet holes are densely distributed in the pipe body, the distance between the uppermost water outlet hole on the pipe body and the top of the pipe body is 5 cm, the aperture of the water outlet hole is 0.5 cm, the pipe body is made of a plastic material, the thickness of the pipe wall is 0.2cm, a utility model patent product (patent number: ZL 201220437030.5) is specifically selected, the selected pipe is inserted and installed in the punched hole, the pipe is closely attached to the hole, the gap part is filled with fine soil;
step five, filling water into the vertical shaft pipe: after the vertical well pipes are installed, water is filled from the pipe orifices at the upper parts, artificial irrigation is adopted, the water quantity during the water filling ensures that the vertical well pipes are fully filled with water and seep outwards, the irrigation water quantity of one vertical well pipe at a time is 110 kilograms plus materials, the seven root cutting steps are combined, and the water is filled after the substances in the pipes are manually taken out every 40 days;
step six, filling materials with the functions of storing water, preserving fertilizer and facilitating root growth in the vertical shaft pipe: after the irrigation is finished each time and the water in the vertical shaft pipe is completely infiltrated, adding rotten sawdust in the vertical shaft pipe, fully drying the rotten sawdust before the first addition, then adding 5% of diamine phosphate into the sawdust and fully wetting the sawdust with 1% of urea solution, then adding the sawdust into the vertical shaft pipe after the pipe is full, and then sealing the pipe opening; then opening the pipe orifice every 10 days, fully wetting the sawdust once by using 1% urea solution, and then sealing;
seventhly, root breaking: taking out substances in the pipe manually every 40 days, and simultaneously cutting off root systems growing in the pipe along the wall of the inner pipe, promoting a large number of roots on the outer side of the pipe wall to sprout and branch new roots along the outer side of the pipe wall, and simultaneously growing more and more root systems into the pipe so that the root systems wrap the pipe gradually;
step eight, establishing a standard of a fertilizer feeding window: through the repetition of the steps from 4 months to a growing season, a large number of root systems can be formed inside and outside the vertical shaft pipe, so that a standard fertilizer feeding window is formed. At this time, various fertilizers can be applied in the vertical shaft pipe, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can reach more than 70%, and particularly the fertilizer is easy to be fixed by soil. The fertilizer feeding window is created for 80 days to be used, but the longer the time is, the more dense the formed root sleeve is, the higher the fertilizer utilization rate is, otherwise, the reverse is true. The test vertical shaft pipe is not taken out;
the fertilizer feeding window topdressing method comprises the following steps: after a fertilizer feeding window is built, topdressing is carried out by adopting two methods, one method is water-insoluble or slow-release fertilizer, fillers in the pipe are taken out, and the fertilizer is mixed with fully wet sawdust and then is poured into a vertical well pipe; the other is a fertilizer dissolved in water, the fertilizer is dissolved in water and is poured (dripped) into a pipe manually or in a drip irrigation mode, and the fertilizer liquid is fully soaked in the filler; sealing the pipe orifice after the dressing is finished;
and (3) management of a fertilizer feeding window: after the fertilizer feeding window is built, the filler cannot be taken out in normal maintenance, the pipe opening is sealed at the upper part, and the forest is subjected to normal water and fertilizer management.
It should be understood that the foregoing description of the present invention is by way of example only, and is not intended as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A creating method of a fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in a drought irrigation area is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is carried out in the growing season of fruit trees according to the following steps:
step one, determining the position of a fertilizer feeding window in a root area of a fruit tree: determining the position of a fertilizer feeding window according to the root distribution space of the fruit tree;
step two, determining the number of fertilizer feeding windows of the fruit trees: the number of the fertilizer feeding windows is 1-8, and the fertilizer feeding windows are uniformly distributed on the circumference with the tree as the center of a circle;
step three, punching and punching specification: after the position of a fertilizer feeding window is determined, 1-8 holes are vertically punched by a punching machine or manually;
step four, installing a vertical well pipe in the hole: selecting a vertical well pipe which has the same specification as the punching hole, is provided with an open upper end and a sealed lower end, and is provided with a water outlet hole on the pipe wall, inserting and installing the selected vertical well pipe into the punched hole, and keeping the pipe wall of the vertical well pipe and the inner wall of the hole tightly attached;
step five, filling water into the vertical shaft pipe: after the vertical well pipe is installed, water is poured from an upper pipe orifice, the water quantity when the water is poured can ensure that the vertical well pipe is full of the pipe and seeps outwards, and the subsequent seven root cutting steps are combined, and substances which can store water, maintain fertilizer and facilitate root growth in the pipe are manually taken out every 40-50 days and then water is poured once;
step six, filling materials with the functions of storing water, preserving fertilizer and facilitating root growth in the vertical shaft pipe: after irrigation is finished each time, substances which can store water, preserve fertilizer and facilitate root growth are added into the vertical shaft pipe after water in the vertical shaft pipe is seeped out completely until the substances are added to the pipe orifice, then the pipe orifice is opened every 10 days, the substances which can store water, preserve fertilizer and facilitate root growth are fully moistened once by nutrient solution, chemical fertilizer solution and drip irrigation fertilizer solution, and the pipe orifice of the vertical shaft is sealed by a cover after the substances are moistened;
seventhly, root breaking: the root system outside the vertical well pipe, which is broken due to the perforation in the step three, can germinate new roots along the wall of the vertical well pipe and grow into the permeable holes in the vertical well pipe, the root system growing in the vertical well pipe artificially takes out substances which can store water, preserve fertilizer and facilitate the growth of the root system in the vertical well pipe every 40-50 days, and simultaneously cuts off the root system growing in the vertical well pipe along the inner wall of the vertical well pipe, so that the root system outside the wall of the vertical well pipe is promoted to germinate a large number of new roots along the outer side of the wall of the vertical well pipe and branch, and more root systems grow into the vertical well pipe, so that the root;
step eight, establishing a standard of a fertilizer feeding window: through the repeated implementation of the steps from one to seven, a large number of roots can be formed inside and outside the vertical well pipe after 4 months to a growing season, so that a fertilizer feeding window is formed, and various fertilizers can be applied inside the vertical well pipe at the moment;
in the first step, according to the root system distribution space of the fruit trees, the position of a fertilizer feeding window is determined to be that the fruit trees with the ground diameter of 1-10cm are on the circumference which takes the trees as the circle center and has the radius of 30-60cm, and the larger the ground diameter of the fruit trees is, the farther the fertilizer feeding window is away from the fruit trees;
in the first step, according to the root system distribution space of the fruit trees, the position of a fertilizer feeding window is determined to be that the fruit trees with the ground diameter of 10-20cm are on the circumference which takes the trees as the circle center and has the radius of 60-90cm, and the larger the ground diameter of the fruit trees is, the farther the fertilizer feeding window is away from the fruit trees;
in the first step, according to the root system distribution space of the fruit trees, the position of a fertilizer feeding window is determined to be that the fruit trees with the ground diameter of more than 20cm are on a circumference which takes the trees as the circle center and has the radius of 90-120cm, and the larger the ground diameter of the fruit trees is, the farther the fertilizer feeding window is away from the fruit trees;
the substances for storing water, keeping fertilizer and facilitating root growth in the fifth, sixth and seventh steps are one or a mixture of a plurality of decomposed sawdust, sheep manure and cow manure;
before adding into the vertical well pipe for the first time, will have the water storage, protect fertile and do benefit to the abundant stoving of the material that the root system grows, later fully moisten these additive material again with nutrient solution, chemical fertilizer liquid, drip irrigation fertilizer liquid, later full pipe adds the vertical well pipe, then seals the mouth of pipe with hard material.
2. A method of creating a fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in a drought irrigated area as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the second step, the number of the fertilizer feeding windows is 1-8, the fertilizer feeding windows are uniformly distributed on the circumference with the tree as the circle center, the specific number is determined according to the operation intensity of the fruit trees, and the higher the operation intensity is, the more the number of the fertilizer feeding windows is.
3. A method of creating a fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in a drought irrigated area as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and step eight, additionally applying various fertilizers to the fertilizer feeding window, namely mixing the fertilizers into water and pouring the mixed fertilizers into the vertical shaft pipe manually or in a drip irrigation mode.
4. A method of creating a fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in a drought irrigated area as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and step eight, additionally applying various fertilizers to the fertilizer feeding window, namely taking out substances which have the functions of storing water and fertilizer and are beneficial to root growth in the vertical well pipe, fully soaking the fully dried substances which have the functions of storing water and fertilizer and are beneficial to root growth in the fertilizer liquid, and then pouring the substances into the vertical well pipe.
5. A method of creating a fruit tree fertilizer feeding window in a drought irrigated area as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and step eight, additionally applying various fertilizers to the fertilizer feeding window, namely mixing the slow release fertilizer and fertilizer granules, mixing the mixture with wet substances which can store water, maintain fertilizer and facilitate root growth, and then pouring the mixture into the vertical well pipe.
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| CN101347086A (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2009-01-21 | 山东农业大学 | Underground hole irrigation method for orchard |
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| CN104041385A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-17 | 新疆林业科学院 | Drought and extreme drought region sand land 1cm-4.5cm ground diameter red date tree well type irrigation method |
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Inventor after: Li Hong Inventor after: Cheng Ping Inventor after: Yang Lu Inventor after: Zhang Zhigang Inventor after: Zheng Chaohui Inventor after: Wang Jian Inventor before: Li Hong Inventor before: Cheng Ping Inventor before: Yang Lu Inventor before: Zhang Zhigang Inventor before: Zheng Chaohui |