CN106797873B - Drought irrigation area tree transplanting device and transplanting method - Google Patents
Drought irrigation area tree transplanting device and transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of transplanting and cultivation of woody trees, and particularly relates to a transplanting method and a transplanting device for big trees and ancient famous trees with the ground diameter larger than 20cm in a drought irrigation area. The transplanting device comprises transplanted trees and circular soil balls with root systems of the transplanted trees, wherein the radius of the soil balls is 0.5m-1m of the radius of the transplanted trees; with transplanted trees as the centre of a circle, set up a plurality of cylindrical vertical hole on the circumference that is 20cm away from the soil ball, set up the opening standpipe that the bottom has the blind end in the vertical hole, on the standpipe lateral wall upward toward transplanting trees, vertically set up a plurality of hole of permeating water, set up globular water droplet head at standpipe top opening part, connect the water droplet head through raceway one end, the water storage tank is connected to the other end. The transplanting method comprises the following steps: a, paving a drip irrigation system; b, irrigating; c, excavating and lifting trees; d, carrying and planting. Solves the core problem of difficult transplanting survival of big trees in drought irrigation areas. Achieving the aim of high survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of transplanting and cultivation of woody trees, and particularly relates to a transplanting method and a transplanting device for big trees and ancient famous trees with the ground diameter larger than 20cm in a drought irrigation area.
Background
The modernization process of China urban on the one hand makes the border of urban land construction advance to a wider depth, on the other hand, the internal structure of the urban is frequently subjected to great adjustment and change, the urban construction and landscaping development are rapid, and especially the requirement for landscaping is higher and higher, the transplanting of big trees and the night forestation are the requirement for landscaping and the development direction, and a plurality of big trees (with the diameter of more than 20 cm) in nursery and field and ancient tree famous trees in all kinds are caused to face the fate of being transplanted and transplanted, and the arid irrigation area is outside the overmoldy. The drought irrigation area of China is large, the latitude is high, the drought and summer heat are high, the ecological environment condition is extremely severe and fragile, the technical requirement for big tree transplanting is very severe due to the severe environment condition, the colloquial call says that "people move alive and trees move dead", the transplanting process is careless, the forest is dead, and the situation is true in practice. At present, various transplanting demands for big trees and ancient trees in city and road construction are quite large, the transplanting of the trees is almost carried out every day, xinjiang oasis belongs to a drought irrigation area, according to the transplanting statistics of the big trees in the Xinjiang drought irrigation area, the transplanting survival rate of the big trees and the ancient trees with the diameters of more than 20cm is not high, and is generally not higher than 70%, and the main reasons are that: because the root system of the tree is continuously expanded and grown in the growth and development process, the distribution range is very wide, the part close to the trunk is mainly the transmission root and the supporting root, the absorption root is mainly distributed at the place far away from the trunk, the method for transplanting the tree is simple, the conventional method is adopted for digging, the diameter of the root system soil ball is 8-10 times of the ground diameter of the tree, a small amount of absorption root exists in the soil ball range, the survival rate can reach 60-70%, but in actual work, the problems of carrying, digging and other factors are considered, the diameter of the soil ball is not more than 2.5 m, so that the larger the tree is, the smaller the transplanting soil ball is, namely the multiple of the root system soil ball diameter of the tree to the ground diameter of the tree is, the lower the survival rate of the tree is, because the soil ball carried by the tree root system is generally only the transmission root and the supporting root, the absorption root is very few, the smaller the soil ball of the transplanted tree is, the absorption root system can not timely and effectively absorb nutrients and moisture to supply huge ground parts to die, the survival rate of the tree is high, the tree can not die, the tree is not normally transplanted, and the physiological transplanting water is not required to be supplied to the transplanted tree, and the tree is not normally, and the transplanting needs to die, and the tree is not normally used for the transplanting and can be used for the transplanting and the tree is not to be used; because of the big trees and ancient trees, each plant has a value of 1 ten thousand to hundreds of thousands yuan, thereby causing a great amount of economic losses. Aiming at drought irrigation areas, the main factors causing death of transplanted trees are changed by a special method, and the root system is induced to germinate and grow in a large quantity at a preset position and direction by water and fertilizer directional and positioning supply before transplanting according to and by utilizing the fertilizer and water growth characteristics of the root system, namely: the root system is induced to germinate and grow in a large quantity within the range of the soil ball reserved for excavation, then the excavation method is adopted for excavating the tree, so that the transplanted tree root system soil ball is ensured to contain a large quantity of supporting roots, conducting roots and absorbing roots, the integrity of the root system is greatly ensured, the tree transplanting survival rate is greatly improved, and the test survival rate reaches more than 95%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transplanting method and a transplanting device for big trees and ancient famous trees with the ground diameter larger than 20cm in a drought irrigation area. The method changes the conventional transplanting method of big trees and ancient famous trees in the arid irrigation area and the fatal defect of leading to death of the trees, breaks through the key technology of lack of absorbing roots by soil balls of the transplanted tree root systems under the environmental condition of the arid irrigation area according to and by utilizing the characteristics of fertilizer and water growth of the tree root systems, and induces the tree absorption root systems to germinate and grow in a large quantity at preset positions and directions by water and fertilizer directional and positioning supply before transplanting, namely: the method has the advantages that the root system is induced to germinate and grow in a large quantity within the range of the soil ball reserved for excavation, a large quantity of transmission roots, supporting roots and absorption roots are contained in the soil ball of the transplanted tree, the water and fertilizer directional and positioning supply technology is utilized for transplanting big trees and ancient trees with diameters of more than 20cm, the ideal soil ball required for transplanting the trees is formed, the physiological and biochemical activities of the transplanted trees and the water and nutrient supply requirements are effectively guaranteed, the transplanting effect is remarkably achieved when the transplanting survival rate of the big trees is developed in the Ackersu region of Xinjiang. The method is simple and easy to implement, has strong operability, and the survival rate and the preservation rate can reach more than 95 percent, and provides a new method for economic and effective transplanting of big trees and ancient famous trees in drought irrigation areas.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: 1. the tree transplanting device in the arid irrigation area comprises transplanted trees and circular soil balls with root systems of the transplanted trees, wherein the radius of the soil balls is 0.5m-1m larger than that of the transplanted trees; with transplanted trees as the centre of a circle, set up a plurality of cylindrical vertical hole on the circumference that is 20cm away from the soil ball, set up the opening standpipe that the bottom has the blind end in the vertical hole, on the standpipe lateral wall upward toward transplanting trees, vertically set up a plurality of hole of permeating water, set up globular water droplet head at standpipe top opening part, connect the water droplet head through raceway one end, the water storage tank is connected to the other end.
Further optimally designed, the diameter of each vertical hole is 1.5-2.5cm, the depth is 0.8-1m, and the distance between every two adjacent vertical holes is 15-25cm.
And the height of the vertical pipe is slightly larger than or equal to the depth of the vertical hole by further optimizing design.
Further optimally designing, wherein the aperture of the water permeable hole is 0.5-1cm; the distance between the adjacent water permeable holes is 1-3cm, the distance between the uppermost water permeable hole and the top end is 5cm, and the distance between the lowermost water permeable hole and the top end is 5cm.
Further optimally designed, a material layer which can permeate water and release slowly is arranged in the vertical pipe.
The material layer is coarse sand or perlite which meets the building material standard.
Further optimally designed, the water storage tank is 1-2m away from the ground.
Further optimizing design, evenly distributed on the ball-shaped water dripping head is provided with water outlets.
2. The transplanting method comprises the following steps:
a, paving a drip irrigation system: setting a transplanting device according to the requirements, setting the capacity of a water storage tank to be 500-600 kg, and simultaneously presetting the water outlet of a water drop head to be 2-4L/h;
b, irrigation: drip irrigation is carried out on transplanted trees in growing seasons, other irrigation is not carried out, irrigation is carried out for 20-30 times in a year, the annual irrigation amount is 10-15m, 1 time is carried out in 6-18 days, and 450-550 kg is carried out in one time;
c, excavating and tree lifting: after 1-2 growing seasons irrigate, a large number of growing root systems are generated at the water permeable holes and the surrounding parts and a cylindrical root sleeve is formed, the tree is excavated, the depth of soil balls reaches 1.2-1.5m, and the transplanted trees are bundled;
d, carrying and planting: cutting off all branches with the thickness of 2-3cm on the transplanted tree before planting in the dormant period of the transplanted tree, and covering all cut wounds with paint; the planting pit at the transplanting site is dug in advance, the tree is planted fixedly according to the conventional method after planting, and then the tree is managed according to the conventional method.
And (c) further optimizing, wherein drip irrigation fertilizer can be added into the water storage tank during irrigation in the step (b).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and remarkable effects:
(1) the environmental conditions of different areas are different, and the growth and development characteristics of the trees are different, so that the transplanting requirements of the trees on the transplanting methods are different in different areas, particularly the transplanting requirements of big trees on the technology are very strict, and the tree death can be caused by a little careless transplanting process. At present, various transplanting demands for big trees and ancient trees in city and road construction are quite large, the transplanting of the trees is almost carried out every day, according to the transplanting statistics of the big trees in a Xinjiang drought irrigation area, the transplanting survival rate of the big trees and the ancient trees with the diameters of more than 20cm is not high, and is generally not higher than 70%, and the main reasons are that: because the root system of the tree is continuously expanded and grown in the growth and development process, the distribution range is very wide, the part close to the trunk is mainly the transmission root and the supporting root, the absorption root is mainly distributed at the place far away from the trunk, the method for transplanting the tree is simple, the conventional method is adopted for digging, the diameter of the root system soil ball is 8-10 times of the ground diameter of the tree, a small amount of absorption root exists in the soil ball range, the survival rate can reach 60-70%, but in actual work, the problems of carrying, digging and other factors are considered, the diameter of the soil ball is not more than 2.5 m, so that the larger the tree is, the smaller the transplanting soil ball is, namely the multiple of the root system soil ball diameter of the tree to the ground diameter of the tree is, the lower the survival rate of the tree is, because the soil ball carried by the tree root system is generally only the transmission root and the supporting root, the absorption root is very few, the smaller the soil ball of the transplanted tree is, the absorption root system can not timely and effectively absorb nutrients and moisture to supply huge ground parts to die, the survival rate of the tree is high, the tree can not die, the tree is not normally transplanted, and the physiological transplanting water is not required to be supplied to the transplanted tree, and the tree is not normally, and the transplanting needs to die, and the tree is not normally used for the transplanting and can be used for the transplanting and the tree is not to be used; because of the big trees and ancient trees, each plant has a value of 1 ten thousand to hundreds of thousands yuan, thereby causing a great amount of economic losses. Aiming at drought irrigation areas, the main factors causing death of transplanted trees are changed by a special method, and the root system is induced to germinate and grow in a large quantity at a preset position and direction by water and fertilizer directional and positioning supply before transplanting according to and by utilizing the fertilizer and water growth characteristics of the root system, namely: the root system is induced to germinate and grow in a large quantity within the range of the soil ball reserved for excavation, then the excavation method is adopted for excavating the tree, so that the transplanted tree root system soil ball is ensured to contain a large quantity of supporting roots, conducting roots and absorbing roots, the integrity of the root system is greatly ensured, the tree transplanting survival rate is greatly improved, and the test survival rate reaches more than 95%. Solves the core problem of difficult transplanting survival of big trees in drought irrigation areas. Achieving the aim of high survival rate.
(2) The method is completely different from the conventional transplanting method for the big tree in the drought irrigation area, fully utilizes the fertilizer and water growth characteristics of the root system, induces the tree to absorb a large amount of germination and growth of the root system at a preset position and direction by water and fertilizer directional and positioning supply before transplanting, prolongs the transplanting and digging period of the tree, and then digs the tree by adopting the digging method, thereby ensuring that the soil ball of the root system of the transplanted tree is smaller, contains a large amount of supporting roots, conducting roots and absorbing roots, and greatly maintains the integrity of the root system, thereby greatly improving the transplanting survival rate of the tree, enabling the test survival rate to reach more than 95 percent, and being a special transplanting technology for the big tree in the drought irrigation area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of standpipe versus tank.
Detailed Description
Before the method is used, transplanting big trees in the Ackersu area by adopting a conventional method, transplanting time is 3-10 times of the ground diameter of the trees in the dormant period of the trees, the maximum soil ball diameter is not more than 2.5 meters due to the transportation problem, branches with the crown of more than 5cm are all sheared off, the fixed planting trees are fixed according to the conventional method after transplanting and planting, then management is carried out according to the conventional method, high-strength careful management is required by management, the management comprises the steps of strengthening water and fertilizer management, injecting nutrient solution, building sunshades and the like, the survival rate is 30-70%, the larger the tree is, the lower the survival rate is, namely the smaller the multiple of the transplanted soil ball compared with the ground diameter of the transplanted tree is, and the survival rate is lower, otherwise, the survival rate is opposite. By adopting the method, hundreds of big trees are transplanted in the Ackersu area each year through 6 years of research, and the survival rate and the preservation rate are both over 95 percent.
Embodiment 1A tree transplanting method for drought irrigation areas with tree diameters larger than 20cm is implemented in the Achaku area of Xinjiang, and the transplanted trees are in the thermal dormitory woody grain and oil forest farm of the Achaku area, and have geographic coordinates: 41 ℃ 18 '09.34', 80 ℃ 14 '14.74', 500 walnut seeds, and geographic coordinates of transplanting and field planting sites in Ush county of Acess are obtained: the transplanting work is carried out in 2012 beginning with 41 degrees 12 'in North latitude and 79 degrees 13' in east longitude and 30-35cm in tree land diameter, and in order to facilitate long-distance transportation, the diameter of soil balls of transplanted trees is uniformly determined to be 1.5m, and the diameter of the soil balls is about 5 times of the land diameter. The specific steps of the invention are as follows:
a, determining the size of a root system soil ball of a transplanted tree: the size of the soil ball is that the radius of the transplanted tree is enlarged by 0.6 meter, the formed circle is the surface circle area of the soil ball, and the depth of the soil ball is 1.4 meters.
b, punching: and 5-10 days 4 in 2012, vertically punching holes with the distance of 20cm on the surface of the ground by using a puncher on the circumference 20cm inside the circumference of each transplanted tree soil ball, wherein the specifications of the holes are 2.5cm in diameter and 1m in depth.
c, lower tube: in the punched holes, the pipes are placed in the pipe according to the specification of the holes, the diameter is 2.5cm, and the length is 1m, so that the pipes are tightly combined with the soil. The pipe adopts pvc plastic pipe, and the lower extreme of pipe is sealed, and upper end opening and soil parallel and level, the pipe wall are towards the one side of transplanting trees, beat a hole every 0.5cm, and 5cm is left respectively at the both ends of pipe and is not beaten the hole, and the diameter of hole is 0.5cm. After the vertical pipe is installed, the pipe is filled with permeable perlite, and a 5cm space is reserved at the upper end of the opening.
d. Installing a drip irrigation system: the existing drip irrigation system of the local forest is utilized. Drip irrigation pipe lays on the circumference of punching, installation standpipe, and a drainage type water dropper is installed to every standpipe upper portion opening part, guarantees that the water that flows can enter into in the standpipe smoothly, and the downthehole water of standpipe passes through the aperture on the standpipe and gets into soil smoothly, and the water dropper adopts 2 liters/hour.
e. Drip irrigation: after the drip irrigation system is installed, the transplanted trees in the growing season are subjected to drip irrigation, other irrigation is not performed, irrigation is performed for 30 times in a year, the irrigation amount of each plant is 12-15m, irrigation is performed for 1 time in 6-18 days, and 550 kg of transplanted trees are irrigated once. During irrigation, drip irrigation fertilizer (the concentration of the fertilizer is implemented according to the instruction of fertilizer use) is added into water by using a fertilizer tank. The management of other trees is normally performed.
f. Digging and tree lifting: after irrigation in one growing season, a large number of growing root systems are grown on water holes and the surrounding parts of the vertical pipes of the transplanted trees, a cylindrical root sleeve is formed by gradually arranging a large number of root systems on the circumference and column belts of the vertical pipes, and the tree is excavated from the underground 0.05-1.4m for 5-15 days of 3 months in 2013. The method comprises the steps of manually cutting off the root system outside the circumference of the earth ball surface circle area of the transplanted tree, namely 20cm outside the vertical pipe, digging out soil to a depth of 1.5m, obliquely digging out the tree from the 1.4m lower part, and bundling the transplanted tree according to a conventional method.
g. Carrying and planting: and (3) lifting the tree according to a conventional method for 5-15 days in 3 months in 2013, carrying the tree to a transplanting place for planting, and cutting off all branches with the thickness of less than 2cm on the tree between digging out the tree and planting, wherein all cut-off wounds are covered by paint. The planting pit of the planting site is dug in advance according to the conventional method, the tree is planted in a fixed manner after the planting, and then the tree is managed according to the conventional method, wherein the management requires high-strength careful management, including the measures of strengthening water and fertilizer management, injecting nutrient solution, building a sunshade, and the like.
After transplanting, 23 dead plants are investigated in 2014 spring, the preservation rate reaches 95.4%, and the effect is very obvious.
Example 2A tree transplanting method with a tree ground diameter greater than 20cm in a drought irrigation area is implemented in the Ackersu area of Xinjiang, and transplanted trees are subjected to a good wood variety test station in the Ackersu area Wen Suxian, and the geographical coordinates are as follows: 41 degrees 15 '32.37' North latitude, 80 degrees 31 '57.58' east longitude, 12 tree species, and geographical coordinates of transplanting and planting sites in the land landscape of the river in the Acess, and the like: the north latitude is 41 degrees 09 '36.78', the east longitude is 80 degrees 15 '08.83', the ground diameter of the tree is 80-85cm, transplanting work is started in 2013, and in order to facilitate long-distance transportation, the soil ball diameter of the transplanted tree is uniformly determined to be 2.5 meters, and the soil ball diameter is about 3 times of the ground diameter. The specific steps of the invention are as follows:
a. determining the size of a root system soil ball of a transplanted tree: the size of the soil ball is that the radius of the transplanted tree is enlarged by 0.85 meter, the formed circle is the surface circle area of the soil ball, and the depth of the soil ball is 1.4 meters.
b. Punching: and 5-10 days in 4 months in 2013, punching holes on the ground surface vertically by using a punching machine on the circumference of 20cm measured in the circumference of the ground surface circular area of each transplanted tree soil ball, namely on the circumference which is 20cm smaller than the ground surface circumference radius, wherein the hole spacing is 20cm, and the hole specification is 2.5cm in diameter and 1m in depth.
c. And (3) lower pipe: in the punched holes, the pipes are placed in the pipe according to the specification of the holes, the diameter is 2.5cm, and the length is 1m, so that the pipes are tightly combined with the soil. The pipe adopts pvc plastic pipe, and the lower extreme of pipe is sealed, and upper end opening and soil parallel and level, the pipe wall are towards the one side of transplanting trees, beat a hole every 0.5cm, and 5cm is left respectively at the both ends of pipe and is not beaten the hole, and the diameter of hole is 0.5cm. After the vertical pipe is installed, the pipe is filled with permeable perlite, and a 5cm space is reserved at the upper end of the opening.
d. Installing a drip irrigation system: each transplanted tree is provided with a drip irrigation system, and the drip irrigation system consists of a water storage tank, a drip irrigation pipe and a drip emitter; the water storage tank is 1 meter from ground, and the capacity of water storage tank is 600 kilograms, and drip irrigation pipe is linked to the lower part, and drip irrigation pipe is at punching, installing the circumference upper portion of standpipe and laying, and a water dropper is installed to every standpipe upper portion opening part, and the water that guarantees to flow out can enter into in the standpipe smoothly, and the downthehole water of standpipe passes through the hole on the standpipe and gets into soil smoothly, and the water dropper adopts 2 liters/hour.
e. Drip irrigation: after the drip irrigation system is installed, the transplanted trees in the growing season are subjected to drip irrigation, other irrigation is not performed, irrigation is performed for 30 times in a year, the irrigation amount of each plant is 12-15m, irrigation is performed for 1 time in 6-18 days, and 550 kg of transplanted trees are irrigated once. During irrigation, drip irrigation fertilizer (the concentration of the fertilizer is implemented according to the instruction of fertilizer use) is added into the water storage tank. After each irrigation is completed, 550-600 kg of water is added into the water storage tank before the next irrigation. The management of other trees is normally performed.
f. Digging and tree lifting: as the tree is 80cm large, after irrigation in two growing seasons, a large number of root systems grow on water holes and the surrounding parts of the vertical pipes of the transplanted tree, a large number of root systems form a cylindrical root sleeve from 0.05-1.4m underground on the circumference and column belts of the vertical pipes, and the tree is excavated in 2015, 3 months and 5-15 days. The method comprises the steps of manually cutting off the root system outside the circumference of the earth ball surface circle area of the transplanted tree, namely 20cm outside the vertical pipe, digging out soil to a depth of 1.5m, obliquely digging out the tree from the 1.4m lower part, and bundling the transplanted tree according to a conventional method.
g. Carrying and planting: and (3) lifting the tree according to a conventional method for 5-15 days in 3 months in 2015, carrying the tree to a transplanting place for planting, and cutting off all branches with the thickness of less than 5cm on the tree between digging out the tree and planting, wherein all cut-off wounds are covered by paint. The planting pit of the planting site is dug in advance according to the conventional method, the tree is planted in a fixed manner after the planting, and then the tree is managed according to the conventional method, wherein the management requires high-strength careful management, including the measures of strengthening water and fertilizer management, injecting nutrient solution, building a sunshade, and the like.
After transplanting, the death 0 strain is investigated in 2016 autumn, the upper half part (1/3 trunk) of one strain dies, the lower half part germinates and grows normally, the preservation rate reaches 100%, and the effect is very obvious.
Claims (2)
1. A transplanting method for trees in a drought irrigation area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the transplanting method comprises the following steps:
a, paving a drip irrigation system: setting a transplanting device according to the requirements, setting the capacity of a water storage tank to be 500-600 kg, and presetting a spherical water drop head, wherein the water yield is kept at 2-4L/h;
the transplanting device comprises transplanted trees and circular soil balls with root systems of the transplanted trees, wherein the radius of the circular soil balls is 0.5m-1m of the radius of the transplanted trees; taking the transplanted tree as the center of a circle, uniformly arranging a plurality of cylindrical vertical holes on the circumference 20cm away from the circular soil ball, arranging an opening vertical pipe with a blind end at the bottom in the cylindrical vertical holes, vertically arranging a plurality of water permeable holes on the side wall of the opening vertical pipe towards the direction of the transplanted tree, arranging a spherical water drop head at the opening at the top end of the opening vertical pipe, connecting the spherical water drop head through one end of a water pipe, and connecting the other end of the water pipe with a water storage tank; the diameter of the cylindrical vertical holes is 1.5-2.5cm, the depth is 0.8-1m, and the distance between adjacent cylindrical vertical holes is 15-25cm; the height of the opening vertical pipe is slightly larger than or equal to the depth of the cylindrical vertical hole; the aperture of the water permeable hole is 0.5-1cm; the distance between the adjacent water permeable holes is 1-3cm, the distance between the uppermost water permeable hole and the top end is 5cm, and the distance between the lowermost water permeable hole and the bottom end is 5cm; a material layer for water permeation and slow release is arranged in the opening vertical pipe; the material layer is coarse sand or perlite which accords with the building material standard; the water storage tank is 1-2m away from the ground; water outlets are uniformly distributed on the spherical water dripping heads;
b, irrigation: drip irrigation is carried out on transplanted trees in growing seasons, other irrigation is not carried out, irrigation is carried out for 20-30 times in a year, the annual irrigation amount is 10-15m, 1 time is carried out in 6-18 days, and 450-550 kg is carried out in one time;
c, excavating and tree lifting: after 1-2 growing seasons irrigate, a large number of growing root systems are generated at the water permeable holes and the surrounding parts and a cylindrical root sleeve is formed, the tree is excavated, the depth of soil balls reaches 1.2-1.5m, and the transplanted trees are bundled;
d, carrying and planting: cutting off all branches with the thickness of 2-3cm on the transplanted tree before planting in the dormant period of the transplanted tree, and covering all cut wounds with paint; the planting pit at the transplanting site is dug in advance, the tree is planted fixedly according to the conventional method after planting, and then the tree is managed according to the conventional method.
2. A transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and b, adding drip irrigation fertilizer into the water storage tank during irrigation in the step.
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| CN108207591B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2023-07-28 | 迁安市固特机械制造有限公司 | Root watering fertilizer applicator and system |
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