CN102792873B - Forest well type water-saving irrigation method - Google Patents
Forest well type water-saving irrigation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102792873B CN102792873B CN201210314848.2A CN201210314848A CN102792873B CN 102792873 B CN102792873 B CN 102792873B CN 201210314848 A CN201210314848 A CN 201210314848A CN 102792873 B CN102792873 B CN 102792873B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of a forest water-saving irrigation method, and relates to a forest well type water-saving irrigation method which is performed according to the following steps: (1) measuring and checking the soil condition of the woodland requiring irrigation and determining the size of required porous silo pipes; (2) forming at least two holes matched with the porous silo pipes on the ground surface of root distribution region at the periphery of each forest; and (3) installing the porous silo pipes in the holes formed in the step (2). According to the invention, the conventional forest surface irrigation method is changed, water is directly irrigated to the underground forest root distribution regions by a conventional trickle irrigation system and the lateral leakage of the porous silo pipes, the ground surface is kept in a drier or dry state, and the capillary pipes of the soil in the irrigation humid region and the soil on the ground surface are in a breaking state, so that the surface evaporation after irrigation is greatly prevented and reduced, the water is effectively supplied for the forest root system, and the water utilization efficiency is improved to achieve a water-saving purpose.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to forest water-saving irrigation method technical field, is a kind of forest well type water-saving irrigation method.
Background technology
implement in full the Forestry Development Strategy based on ecological construction, play Forestry Ecological, economy, society, carbon remittance and cultural five functional better, it is the development strategy of country, China will complete new plantation 6,000,000 hectares every year at no distant date, implement territory ecological safe shelter zone strategy, national timber and grain and oil security strategy, carbon fixation and emission reduction strategy, Huimin strategy of enlarging afforested area and prosperity ecological culture strategy five great strategies by afforestation.Afforestation, making our country green is national strategy and civic duties and programme area, will complete forest every year and afforest (planting) 90,000,000,000 more than strain.The region of China about 1/3rd belong to humid region, 1/3rd region belongs to Semi-humid area, 1/3rd areas belong to arid, semiarid zone, except humid region, other regional forestry all need the normal growth irrigating to ensure forest to grow substantially, particularly arid and semi-arid lands, be directly connected to existence and the g and D of forest, show that the forestry that needs are irrigated accounts for about 2/3rds of China Forest.On the other hand China is the serious country of a drought and water shortage, freshwater resources total amount is 28000 billion cubic meters, account for 6% of global water resources, be only second to Brazil, Russia and Canadian, occupy the 4th, the world, but only having 2200 cubic metres per capita, be only 1/4 of world average level, rank 121 in the world, is one of 13 countries that water resource is the poorest per capita in the whole world.Therefore, the contradiction of shortage of water resources, Sustainable Development Strategy of China is brought and has a strong impact on, forestry water-saving irrigation has highlighted the critical role in forestry, ecological construction system, the important measures improving and ensure Afforestation Effects, it is the inevitable requirement of forestry and social sustainable development simultaneously, according to incompletely statistics, China be engaged within the border water-saving irrigation device manufacture, product management, Water-saving Irrigation Projects and technological service business unit exceeded thousand, wherein manufacturing enterprise about can account for the half of sum.Workshop, stock ground, semi-finished product and warehouse for finished product, inspection facility etc. can reach the requirement of industrial design Regulations substantially.The main production equipments such as drip-irrigation belt production line, injection moulding collection, Digit Control Machine Tool are generally domestic manufacture, and a small amount of equipment is external import, and most enterprise possesses Making mold ability.From before more than 30 years to the research and development of initial Introduced From Abroad water-saving irrigation technique and equipment to today, the enterprise of China can manufacture water-saving irrigation device nearly all in the world at present.Although the water saving measures such as drip irrigation and spray irrigation to a certain extent can using water wisely, existing drip surface, sprinkling irrigation etc. are easy to form rainwash, cause that evaporation from topsoil amount is large, water application efficiency is not high.
Summary of the invention
the invention provides a kind of forest well type water-saving irrigation method, overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, it effectively can solve the low problem of existing drip surface water use efficiency.
technical scheme of the present invention is realized by following measures: a kind of forest well type water-saving irrigation method, carries out in the steps below: the first step, to needing the soil regime in the forest land irrigated measure and check, determines the size of required vertical shaft pipe with holes; Second step: the ground surface of the root-room around every strain forest is beaten at least two holes matched with vertical shaft pipe with holes; 3rd step, installs vertical shaft pipe with holes in the hole that second step is accomplished fluently; 4th step, needing to install drip irrigation system in the forest land irrigated, the delivery port of each drip irrigation emitter in drip irrigation system is corresponding with the opening of the vertical shaft pipe upper end with holes of installing in the 3rd step respectively; 5th step, carries out normal conventional drip irrigation irrigation, and the water of drip irrigation emitter enters vertical shaft pipe with holes inside, irrigates, make soil wetting pattern cover the Root Distribution region of every strain forest after the water in vertical shaft pipe with holes exosmoses to the root system of forest.Here is the further optimization and/or improvements to foregoing invention technical scheme:
in above-mentioned irrigation process, the situation of water at vertical shaft pipe with holes be checked, ensure that irrigation moisture is not excessive from vertical shaft pipe top with holes and do not form rainwash.
above-mentioned vertical shaft pipe with holes comprises body; The lower end of body is fixed with sealing plate, and body is intervally distributed with apopore, and water inlet is arranged at the top of body.
in above-mentioned tubular body, the top apopore can be greater than 10 centimetres apart from the distance at body top.
the aperture of above-mentioned apopore can be 0.5 millimeter to 1 centimetre.
above-mentioned tubular body adopts hard material pipe; Or/and the shape of body is the polygonal or oval of circle; Or/and the shape of apopore is the polygonal or oval of circle.
when above-mentioned forest leading thread in the forest land of required irrigation is below 9 centimetres, the length of body can be 20 centimetres to 50 centimetres, and bore is 2 centimetres to 5 centimetres.
when above-mentioned forest leading thread in the forest land of required irrigation is more than 9 centimetres, the length of body can be 40 centimetres to 70 centimetres, and bore is 3 centimetres to 8 centimetres.
when above-mentioned forest leading thread in the forest land of required irrigation is below 9 centimetres, the number in hole can be two, and it is symmetrical that hole is thing or north and south, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 30 centimetres to 60 centimetres.
when above-mentioned forest leading thread in the forest land of required irrigation is more than 9 centimetres, the number in hole can be four, and hole is that the four corners of the world distributes symmetrically and evenly, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 50 centimetres to 100 centimetres.
the present invention changes the surface irrigation method of conventional forestry, by the horizontal seepage of conventional drip irrigation system and vertical shaft pipe with holes, moisture is directly irrigated to fine-root distributed area, underground, earth's surface is made still to keep drier, drying regime, irrigation humid region soil and surface soil capillary is caused to be in breaking state, great prevention and the surface evaporation after reducing irrigation, make water effective supply fine-root, thus improve the utilization ratio of water and reach the object of water saving.
Accompanying drawing explanation
accompanying drawing 1 is that the master of preferred embodiment looks half section structural representation.
the master that accompanying drawing 2 covers Root Distribution region for preferred embodiment soil wetting pattern looks half section schematic diagram.
accompanying drawing 3 is the three-dimensional structure for amplifying schematic diagram of vertical shaft pipe with holes in embodiment 1.
coding in accompanying drawing is respectively: 1 is forest land, and 2 is forest, and 3 is hole, and 4 is root system, and 5 is irrigation system, and 6 is irrigation water dropper, and 7 is body, and 8 is sealing plate, and 9 is aperture, and 10 is soil wetting pattern.
Detailed description of the invention
below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
as shown in Figure 1, 2, this forest well type water-saving irrigation method carries out in the steps below: the first step, measure needing the soil regime in the forest land 1 irrigated and check, by measuring the average forest leading thread of forest 2 and Root Distribution region and the soil texture, determine the size of required vertical shaft pipe with holes, generally, the vertical shaft Guan Yuechang with holes that root system 4 reaches all the more seeds, the more sticky heavy soil of the soil texture and the larger forest 2 of forest leading thread are selected; Second step: the ground surface of the root-room around every strain forest 2 is beaten at least two holes 3 matched with vertical shaft pipe with holes, vertical shaft Guan Yuechang with holes, hole 3 is darker, aperture is larger, hole 3 can be symmetrically be uniformly distributed rule, also can be irregular; 3rd step, installs vertical shaft pipe with holes in the hole 3 that second step is accomplished fluently; 4th step, needing, in the forest land 1 irrigated, drip irrigation system is installed, the delivery port of each drip irrigation emitter 6 in drip irrigation system is corresponding with the opening of the vertical shaft pipe upper end with holes of installing in the 3rd step respectively, ensures that irrigation water dropper 6 oozes the moisture come and can directly enter in vertical shaft pipe with holes; 5th step, carries out normal conventional drip irrigation irrigation, and the water of drip irrigation emitter 6 enters vertical shaft pipe with holes inside, irrigates, make soil wetting pattern 10 cover root system 4 distributed areas of every strain forest 2 after the water in vertical shaft pipe with holes exosmoses to the root system of forest 2.
according to actual needs, above-mentioned forest well type water-saving irrigation method can be made further optimization and/or improvements:
as shown in Figure 1, 2, in irrigation process, the situation of water at vertical shaft pipe with holes be checked, ensure that irrigation moisture is not excessive from vertical shaft pipe top with holes and do not form rainwash.
as shown in Figure 3, vertical shaft pipe with holes comprises body 7, and the lower end of body 7 is fixed with sealing plate 8, body 7 is intervally distributed with apopore 9, and water inlet is arranged at the top of body 7.Apopore 9 ensures that the moisture of instillation body 7 inside can enter soil in time for fine-root and provide moisture.
as shown in Figure 3, on body 7, the top apopore 9 is greater than 10 centimetres apart from the distance at body 7 top.Water hole 9 is not designed on the top of body 7, be in order to avoid the water level in body 7 too high time, moisture can not enter the soil on earth's surface, avoids causing water loss because of evaporation from topsoil.
as shown in Figure 3, the aperture of apopore 9 is 0.5 millimeter to 1 centimetre.
as shown in Figure 3, body 7 adopts hard material pipe, can not be damaged when body 7 can be avoided like this to be subject to the extruding of soil.
as shown in Figure 1, the shape of body 7 is the polygonal or oval of circle; Or/and the shape of apopore 9 is the polygonal or oval of circle; Can determine according to actual needs.
as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, when the forest leading thread in the forest land 1 of required irrigation is below 9 centimetres, the length of body 7 is 20 centimetres to 50 centimetres, and bore is 2 centimetres to 5 centimetres.
as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, when the forest leading thread in the forest land 1 of required irrigation is more than 9 centimetres, the length of body 7 is 40 centimetres to 70 centimetres, and bore is 3 centimetres to 8 centimetres.
as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, when the forest leading thread in the forest land 1 of required irrigation is below 9 centimetres, the number in hole 3 is two, and it is symmetrical that hole 3 is thing or north and south, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread (i.e. forest rhizome) 30 centimetres to 60 centimetres.
as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, when the forest leading thread in the forest land 1 of required irrigation is more than 9 centimetres, the number in hole 3 is four, and hole 3 distributes symmetrically and evenly in the four corners of the world, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 50 centimetres to 100 centimetres.
as stated above, annual stop irrigating after, the tamper that the root system 4 that clean vertical shaft pipe outside with holes and other influences moisture exosmose to be extracted by vertical shaft pipe with holes by next year before reusing, in use, moisture can exosmose smoothly in guarantee; When next year continues to use, can grow according to forest 2 and the growth of root system 4, development, redefine position punching and convert the length of vertical shaft pipe with holes and the caliber of vertical shaft pipe with holes and irrigation volume, generally, change in 2 years to 3 years is once.
after forest 2 kinds is planted, along with growing of forest 2, forest leading thread, hat width, root system 4 are more and more huger, there is between three certain positive correlation quantitative relation, actual conditions show that forest leading thread, hat width are larger, and root system 4 is huger, and the moisture required for forest 2 normal growth is more.Therefore, mention in the methods described above, the length of larger, the with holes vertical shaft pipe of caliber of larger, the with holes vertical shaft pipe of forest 2 is longer, irrigation volume is larger, vertical shaft pipe with holes distance forest 2 is far away, and general requirement is that the humid region irrigated can match with root system 4 distributed area.
this method technique effect is evaluated:
experimental group: irrigate for red date woods according to this method, spring average forest leading thread 6.3 centimetres, hat width thing 1.56m, the root system degree of depth reaches 85 centimetres, the distribution of root system thing all reaches 1.55m, select the pvc pipe that the pipe range of vertical shaft pipe with holes is 35 centimetres, bore is 3 centimetres, punch position distance forest leading thread 65 centimetres, each one at forest east-west direction, water dropper selects 8L, once irrigate 4 hours, July once irrigates for 6 hours, one-period 8 days to 20 days;
control group: adopt trench planting furrow irrigation, other conditions are all identical;
autumn compares discovery to experimental group, the increment of control group red date, output, and the red date forest of experimental group and control group does not form significant difference, shows that experimental group is identical with the red date output of control group, quality does not have significant change; Find by carrying out contrast to the irrigation volume of experimental group and control group, the irrigation volume of control group is 1 year every mu of 1200m
3
, the irrigation volume of experimental group is 1 year every mu of 380 m
3
, the irrigation volume compared with control group decreases 820 m
3
, water consumption be control group 31.7%, water saving reach 68.3%, therefore water-saving result of the present invention is remarkable.
Claims (29)
1. a forest well type water-saving irrigation method, is characterized in that carrying out in the steps below: the first step, to needing the soil regime in the forest land irrigated measure and check, determines the size of required vertical shaft pipe with holes; Second step: the ground surface of the root-room around every strain forest is beaten at least two holes matched with vertical shaft pipe with holes; 3rd step, installs vertical shaft pipe with holes in the hole that second step is accomplished fluently; 4th step, needing to install drip irrigation system in the forest land irrigated, the delivery port of each drip irrigation emitter in drip irrigation system is corresponding with the opening of the vertical shaft pipe upper end with holes of installing in the 3rd step respectively; 5th step, carries out normal conventional drip irrigation irrigation, and the water of drip irrigation emitter enters vertical shaft pipe with holes inside, irrigates, make soil wetting pattern cover the Root Distribution region of every strain forest after the water in vertical shaft pipe with holes exosmoses to the root system of forest; Wherein:
Vertical shaft pipe with holes comprises body; The lower end of body is fixed with sealing plate, and body is intervally distributed with apopore, and water inlet is arranged at the top of body.
2. forest well type water-saving irrigation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in irrigation process, check the situation of water at vertical shaft pipe with holes, ensures that irrigation moisture is not excessive from vertical shaft pipe top with holes and do not form rainwash.
3. forest well type water-saving irrigation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the distance at the top apopore distance body top on body is greater than 10 centimetres.
4. forest well type water-saving irrigation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the aperture of apopore is 0.5 millimeter to 1 centimetre.
5. forest well type water-saving irrigation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that the aperture of apopore is 0.5 millimeter to 1 centimetre.
6. the forest well type water-saving irrigation method according to claim 1 or 2 or 5, is characterized in that body adopts hard material pipe; Or/and the shape of body is the polygonal or oval of circle; Or/and the shape of apopore is the polygonal or oval of circle.
7. forest well type water-saving irrigation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that body adopts hard material pipe; Or/and the shape of body is the polygonal or oval of circle; Or/and the shape of apopore is the polygonal or oval of circle.
8. forest well type water-saving irrigation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that body adopts hard material pipe; Or/and the shape of body is the polygonal or oval of circle; Or/and the shape of apopore is the polygonal or oval of circle.
9. the forest well type water-saving irrigation method according to claim 1 or 2 or 5 or 7 or 8, it is characterized in that the length of body is 20 centimetres to 50 centimetres, bore is 2 centimetres to 5 centimetres.
10. forest well type water-saving irrigation method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the length of body is 20 centimetres to 50 centimetres, bore is 2 centimetres to 5 centimetres.
11. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 4, it is characterized in that the length of body is 20 centimetres to 50 centimetres, bore is 2 centimetres to 5 centimetres.
12. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the length of body is 20 centimetres to 50 centimetres, bore is 2 centimetres to 5 centimetres.
13. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 1 or 2 or 5 or 7 or 8, it is characterized in that the length of body is 40 centimetres to 70 centimetres, bore is 3 centimetres to 8 centimetres.
14. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the length of body is 40 centimetres to 70 centimetres, bore is 3 centimetres to 8 centimetres.
15. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 4, it is characterized in that the length of body is 40 centimetres to 70 centimetres, bore is 3 centimetres to 8 centimetres.
16. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the length of body is 40 centimetres to 70 centimetres, bore is 3 centimetres to 8 centimetres.
17. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 1 or 2 or 5 or 7 or 8 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 14 or 15 or 16, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is below 9 centimetres, the number in hole is two, it is symmetrical that hole is thing or north and south, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 30 centimetres to 60 centimetres.
18. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 3, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is below 9 centimetres, the number in hole is two, and it is symmetrical that hole is thing or north and south, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 30 centimetres to 60 centimetres.
19. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 4, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is below 9 centimetres, the number in hole is two, and it is symmetrical that hole is thing or north and south, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 30 centimetres to 60 centimetres.
20. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 6, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is below 9 centimetres, the number in hole is two, and it is symmetrical that hole is thing or north and south, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 30 centimetres to 60 centimetres.
21. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 9, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is below 9 centimetres, the number in hole is two, and it is symmetrical that hole is thing or north and south, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 30 centimetres to 60 centimetres.
22. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 13, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is below 9 centimetres, the number in hole is two, and it is symmetrical that hole is thing or north and south, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 30 centimetres to 60 centimetres.
23. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 1 or 2 or 5 or 7 or 8 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is more than 9 centimetres, the number in hole is four, hole is that the four corners of the world distributes symmetrically and evenly, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 50 centimetres to 100 centimetres.
24. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 3, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is more than 9 centimetres, the number in hole is four, and hole is that the four corners of the world distributes symmetrically and evenly, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 50 centimetres to 100 centimetres.
25. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 4, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is more than 9 centimetres, the number in hole is four, and hole is that the four corners of the world distributes symmetrically and evenly, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 50 centimetres to 100 centimetres.
26. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 6, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is more than 9 centimetres, the number in hole is four, and hole is that the four corners of the world distributes symmetrically and evenly, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 50 centimetres to 100 centimetres.
27. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 9, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is more than 9 centimetres, the number in hole is four, and hole is that the four corners of the world distributes symmetrically and evenly, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 50 centimetres to 100 centimetres.
28. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 13, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is more than 9 centimetres, the number in hole is four, and hole is that the four corners of the world distributes symmetrically and evenly, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 50 centimetres to 100 centimetres.
29. forest well type water-saving irrigation methods according to claim 17, when the forest leading thread that it is characterized in that in the forest land of required irrigation is more than 9 centimetres, the number in hole is four, and hole is that the four corners of the world distributes symmetrically and evenly, and punch position is apart from forest leading thread 50 centimetres to 100 centimetres.
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| CN103070058A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-05-01 | 陵军成 | Drop irrigation tube for underground root systems of trees |
| CN104041385A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-17 | 新疆林业科学院 | Drought and extreme drought region sand land 1cm-4.5cm ground diameter red date tree well type irrigation method |
| CN104041379A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-17 | 新疆林业科学院 | Drought and extreme drought region sand land 7.5cm-10.5cm ground diameter red date tree well type irrigation method |
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