CN103798101B - Oryza sativa L. seasonal drought irrigation method - Google Patents
Oryza sativa L. seasonal drought irrigation method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021393 food security Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
本发明涉及农业灌溉技术领域，具体来说是一种水稻季节性干旱灌溉方法，包括如下步骤：1）建蓄水池；2）管路铺设；3）在水稻季节性干旱期间，开启在稻田边的输水管阀门，开始滴溉。利用蓄水池，采用点灌、喷灌等微量灌溉方法，解决严重干旱田面开裂地面漫灌的灌溉水损失严重及不能满足水稻正常生长需要、灌溉水有效利用率低等问题；采用微量灌溉让灌溉水分渗透到土壤，大幅减少灌溉水的流失，提高灌溉水利用效率，促进水稻生长及减少产量损失，实现水稻干旱期间的最低量精准灌溉，一次完成灌溉，提高水资源利用率，用有限的水资源解决季节性干旱对水稻产量影响；还可以将一定量水溶性肥料倒入蓄水池，搅均匀，通过灌溉水一起施入土壤，提高肥料利用率。
The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to a rice seasonal drought irrigation method, comprising the following steps: 1) building a reservoir; 2) laying pipelines; Close the water pipe valve on the side and start drip irrigation. Utilize reservoirs, adopt micro-irrigation methods such as spot irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, to solve the problems of serious irrigation water loss due to surface cracking in severely arid fields, failure to meet the normal growth needs of rice, and low effective utilization of irrigation water; use micro-irrigation to reduce irrigation water Penetrate into the soil, greatly reduce the loss of irrigation water, improve the efficiency of irrigation water use, promote rice growth and reduce yield loss, realize the minimum amount of precision irrigation during rice drought, complete irrigation at one time, improve water resource utilization, and use limited water resources Solve the impact of seasonal drought on rice yield; you can also pour a certain amount of water-soluble fertilizer into the reservoir, stir it evenly, and apply it to the soil together with irrigation water to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及农业灌溉技术领域，具体来说是一种水稻季节性干旱灌溉方法。The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to a seasonal drought irrigation method for rice.
背景技术Background technique
我国农业用水量占全国总用水量的70％，达到4000亿m3以上，且我国农田水分利用率和水分利用效率都比较低，其中农田灌溉水的利用率平均仅为40％～45％，农田灌溉水的生产效率仅有1.0kg/m3左右，远远低于发达国家70％～80％和2.0kg/m3以上的水平。而水稻是我国主要的粮食作物，种植分布广泛，常年播种面积约2867hm2，稻谷年产量约1.8亿t，分别占我国粮食作物播种面积的29％和粮食总产的40％,而水稻生产过程中水消耗巨大，占农业用水的70％，即使在水资源相对丰富的我国南方水稻主产区，水资源对水稻生产的限制作用也很明显。且水稻生长期间降雨及水资源时空分布极为不匀，与蒸发量分布不同步，常年约50％集中在4～6月，夏秋之间高温少雨，7～9月蒸发量接近全年的一半，常出现季节性干旱，有的年份、地区水稻生产季节性干旱严重，近年来，南方稻区季节性干旱频发和重发上升。干旱已经成为导致粮食产量波动的主要自然灾害，直接威胁国家粮食安全。China's agricultural water consumption accounts for 70% of the country's total water consumption, reaching more than 400 billion m 3 , and the water use efficiency and water use efficiency of China's farmland are relatively low, and the average utilization rate of farmland irrigation water is only 40% to 45%. The production efficiency of farmland irrigation water is only about 1.0kg/m 3 , which is far below the level of 70%-80% and above 2.0kg/m 3 in developed countries. Rice is the main food crop in our country, and its planting is widely distributed. The annual sown area is about 2867hm 2 , and the annual output of rice is about 180 million tons, accounting for 29% of the sown area of food crops and 40% of the total grain output in China respectively. The process of rice production Reclaimed water consumption is huge, accounting for 70% of agricultural water use. Even in the main rice-producing areas in southern China where water resources are relatively abundant, water resources have an obvious restrictive effect on rice production. Moreover, the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and water resources during the rice growth period is extremely uneven, which is out of sync with the distribution of evaporation. About 50% of the annual concentration is from April to June. Summer and autumn are hot and rainy, and the evaporation from July to September is close to half of the whole year. Seasonal droughts often occur, and some years and regions have severe seasonal droughts in rice production. In recent years, seasonal droughts have occurred frequently and re-occurred in southern rice regions. Drought has become a major natural disaster that causes fluctuations in grain production and directly threatens national food security.
水稻以灌溉稻为主，水稻生长季节需要灌溉，现有的灌溉方法主要是利用沟渠地面漫灌。在稻田土壤没有开裂条件下，采用地面漫灌由于稻田致密的犁底层，稻田漏水和渗水量不大。但在水稻生产期间出现季节性干旱时，稻田开裂，裂缝穿透犁底层，采用地面漫灌时大量灌溉水从犁底层流出，灌溉水利用率很低，抗旱效果很差。水稻生长对缺水比较敏感，缺水主要造成水稻生育期缩短、植株变小，结实率降低、千粒重下降、生物量下降，导致水稻减产甚至绝收。目前水稻生产上的灌溉方式间歇灌溉、湿润灌溉、半干旱栽培等，这些灌溉措施对节约水稻生产用水起了很大的作用，但所有的灌溉方式都是通过沟渠,进入大田，采用地面漫灌，灌溉水分利用率低,且需要有充足的水源和沟渠的配套才能进行。季节性干旱期水源很难保证，且沟渠工程老化，一遇上干旱，无灌溉水源，田面缺水导致干裂，尤其是严重干旱造成田面裂缝增大加深，裂缝穿透犁底层，后期即使有降雨或灌水都会直接通过裂缝而大量流失，根本无法满足水稻生长需求，且灌溉水分利用率很低,在季节性干旱严重的区域会导致水稻减产甚至绝收,因此，需要新灌溉方法解决地面漫灌水分利用率很低、抗旱效果差的问题。Rice is mainly irrigated rice, which requires irrigation during the growing season of rice. The existing irrigation method mainly uses ditches to flood the ground. Under the condition that the paddy field soil is not cracked, ground flood irrigation is used. Due to the dense plow substratum of the paddy field, the water leakage and seepage of the paddy field are not large. However, when seasonal drought occurs during rice production, the paddy field cracks, and the cracks penetrate the bottom of the plow, and a large amount of irrigation water flows out from the bottom of the plow when flood irrigation is used. The utilization rate of irrigation water is very low, and the drought resistance effect is very poor. Rice growth is sensitive to water shortage. Water shortage mainly leads to shortened rice growth period, smaller plants, lower seed setting rate, lower 1000-grain weight, and lower biomass, resulting in reduced rice production or even no harvest. At present, the irrigation methods in rice production are intermittent irrigation, wet irrigation, semi-arid cultivation, etc. These irrigation measures have played a great role in saving water in rice production, but all irrigation methods enter the field through ditches and use ground flood irrigation. The water use efficiency of irrigation is low, and it needs sufficient water source and matching ditches to carry out. It is difficult to guarantee the water source during the seasonal drought period, and the ditches are aging. In case of drought, there is no irrigation water source, and the field surface is dry and cracked due to lack of water. Especially severe drought causes the cracks on the field surface to increase and deepen, and the cracks penetrate the bottom of the plow. Even if there is rainfall in the later period Or irrigation water will be lost directly through the cracks, which cannot meet the needs of rice growth at all, and the water use efficiency of irrigation is very low. In areas with severe seasonal drought, rice yields will be reduced or even lost. Therefore, new irrigation methods are needed to solve the problem of ground flood irrigation. The utilization rate is very low and the drought resistance effect is poor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明主要是针对水稻生产季节性干旱期间水稻灌溉水利用低、抗旱效果差的问题，采用滴灌、喷灌等微量灌溉方法，让灌溉水渗透到土壤，被土壤有效吸收和水稻利用，大幅减少灌溉水的流失，提高灌溉水利用效率，达到灌溉抗旱目的，最终实现增收的效果。The present invention mainly aims at the problems of low utilization of rice irrigation water and poor drought resistance effect during the seasonal drought of rice production, adopts micro-irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, allows irrigation water to penetrate into the soil, is effectively absorbed by the soil and utilized by rice, and greatly reduces irrigation. Reduce water loss, improve irrigation water use efficiency, achieve the purpose of irrigation and drought resistance, and finally achieve the effect of increasing income.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种水稻季节性干旱灌溉方法，包括如下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a seasonal drought irrigation method for rice, comprising the steps of:
1)建蓄水池，每10～20亩水稻田中间建立一个40立方米的高度10m、长宽为2m×2m的蓄水池，在蓄水池的底层及四周增设活动过滤网，并在蓄水池侧壁靠底部10cm处打孔连接数个输水管；1) Build a reservoir, set up a reservoir with a height of 10m and a length and width of 2m×2m of 40 cubic meters in the middle of every 10 to 20 acres of paddy fields, and set up movable filter nets at the bottom of the reservoir and around it. The side wall of the reservoir is drilled at 10cm from the bottom to connect several water pipes;
2)管路铺设，输水管铺设到每块水稻田，同时在每块水稻田的输水管上设置水表和阀门；按水稻行距间每隔4行铺设一条滴灌带或喷灌带，滴灌带或喷灌带上每隔4～6株水稻设置一个滴灌头或喷头，输水管与滴灌带或喷灌带之间通过三通管连通；2) Pipeline laying, water delivery pipes are laid to each paddy field, and water meters and valves are set on the water delivery pipes of each paddy field at the same time; a drip irrigation belt or sprinkler irrigation belt, drip irrigation belt or sprinkler irrigation is laid every 4 rows according to the rice row spacing A drip irrigation head or sprinkler is installed every 4 to 6 rice plants on the belt, and the water delivery pipe is connected with the drip irrigation belt or sprinkler irrigation belt through a three-way pipe;
3)在水稻季节性干旱期间，开启在稻田边的输水管阀门，开始滴溉。3) During the seasonal drought of rice, open the water pipe valve on the side of the rice field to start drip irrigation.
本发明中，蓄水池利用集雨装置最大限度的利用降雨量蓄水，也可从水源处取水。In the present invention, the water storage tank utilizes the rain collecting device to maximize the utilization of rainfall to store water, and also can draw water from the water source.
本发明可在输水管上安装水泵，用于增大滴管头上的水压，实现喷灌。In the present invention, a water pump can be installed on the water delivery pipe to increase the water pressure on the dropper head to realize sprinkling irrigation.
本发明的有益技术效果是：The beneficial technical effect of the present invention is:
(1)利用蓄水池，采用点灌、喷灌等微量灌溉方法，解决严重干旱田面开裂地面漫灌、灌溉水损失严重、不能满足水稻正常生长需要、灌溉水有效利用率低等问题；让灌溉水分渗透到土壤，大幅减少灌溉水的流失，提高灌溉水利用效率，促进水稻生长及减少产量的损失，实现水稻与干旱的最低量精准灌溉，一次完成灌溉，提高水资源利用率，用有限的水资源解决干旱对水稻生产影响。(1) Utilize reservoirs and adopt micro-irrigation methods such as point irrigation and sprinkler irrigation to solve the problems of flood irrigation on cracked ground in severe drought, serious irrigation water loss, failure to meet the normal growth needs of rice, and low effective utilization of irrigation water; let irrigation water Penetrate into the soil, greatly reduce the loss of irrigation water, improve the efficiency of irrigation water use, promote the growth of rice and reduce the loss of yield, realize the minimum amount of precision irrigation for rice and drought, complete irrigation at one time, improve the utilization rate of water resources, and use limited water Resources addressing the effects of drought on rice production.
(2)本发明还可根据水稻生长的肥料需求，将一定量水溶性肥料倒入蓄水池，搅均匀，通过灌溉水一起施入土壤，通过灌溉池溶解进行滴灌带滴灌或喷灌带喷灌，提高肥料利用率。(2) The present invention can also pour a certain amount of water-soluble fertilizer into the reservoir according to the fertilizer demand of rice growth, stir evenly, apply the soil together by irrigation water, and carry out drip irrigation with drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation with spray irrigation by dissolving in the irrigation pool, Improve fertilizer use efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.
图1是本发明管路田间铺设示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of pipeline field laying of the present invention;
图中：1、输水管，2、滴管，3、滴管头，4、秧苗。Among the figure: 1, water delivery pipe, 2, dropper, 3, dropper head, 4, rice seedling.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
实施实例1Implementation Example 1
1)建蓄水池，在10亩水稻田中间建立一个40立方米的蓄水池(高度10m，长宽为2m×2m)，在蓄水池的底层及四周增设活动过滤网(以利于清洗)，并在蓄水池侧壁靠底部10cm处根据田块的方位打孔连接数个输水管。蓄水池利用集雨装置最大限度的利用降雨量蓄水，也可从水源处取水。1) Build a reservoir, set up a 40 cubic meter reservoir (height 10m, length and width 2m×2m) in the middle of 10 acres of paddy fields, and set up movable filter screens at the bottom of the reservoir and around it (to facilitate cleaning ), and connect several water delivery pipes by punching holes at the bottom 10cm of the side wall of the reservoir according to the orientation of the field. The cistern utilizes the rain collecting device to maximize the use of rainfall to store water, and can also draw water from the water source.
2)安装水表，在蓄水池连接输水管，在输水管上安装水表，水表可根据水稻不同生长时期的水分需求量，提供灌溉水量。2) Install a water meter, connect the water pipe to the reservoir, and install a water meter on the water pipe. The water meter can provide irrigation water according to the water demand of rice in different growth periods.
3)输水管铺设，输水管铺设到每块稻田，在稻田边的输水管阀门，控制防水，输水将水输送到田头，在田头的输水管连接滴管带。3) The water delivery pipe is laid, the water delivery pipe is laid to each paddy field, the water delivery pipe valve on the side of the paddy field controls the waterproof, the water delivery sends the water to the field head, and the water delivery pipe at the field head is connected to the dropper belt.
4)滴管带铺设，滴管带在田间均匀铺设，在水稻行距间每隔4行铺设一条滴灌带，根据水稻种植方式和密度，滴管头呈间隔分布(如图1所示)，一般每隔4～6株铺设一个滴管头，将滴管头与滴管带相连。4) Laying of the dropper belt, the dropper belt is evenly laid in the field, and a drip irrigation belt is laid every 4 rows between the row spacing of the rice. According to the rice planting method and density, the dropper heads are distributed at intervals (as shown in Figure 1), generally Lay a dropper head every 4 to 6 plants, and connect the dropper head with the dropper belt.
5)在水稻季节性干旱期间，根据水稻生长需要，开启在稻田边的输水管阀门，开始滴溉。5) During the seasonal drought of rice, according to the needs of rice growth, open the valve of the water pipe beside the rice field to start drip irrigation.
实施实例2Implementation Example 2
1)建蓄水池，在10亩水稻田中间建立一个40立方米的蓄水池(高度10m，长宽为2m×2m)，在蓄水池的底层及四周增设活动过滤网(以利于清洗)，并在蓄水池侧壁靠底部10cm处根据田块的方位打孔连接数个输水管。蓄水池利用集雨装置最大限度的利用降雨量蓄水，也可从水源处取水。1) Build a reservoir, set up a 40 cubic meter reservoir (height 10m, length and width 2m×2m) in the middle of 10 acres of paddy fields, and set up movable filter screens at the bottom of the reservoir and around it (to facilitate cleaning ), and connect several water delivery pipes by punching holes at the bottom 10cm of the side wall of the reservoir according to the orientation of the field. The cistern utilizes the rain collecting device to maximize the use of rainfall to store water, and can also draw water from the water source.
2)安装水表，在蓄水池连接输水管，在输水管上安装水表，水表可根据水稻不同生长时期的水分需求量，提供灌溉水量。2) Install a water meter, connect the water pipe to the reservoir, and install a water meter on the water pipe. The water meter can provide irrigation water according to the water demand of rice in different growth periods.
3)输水管铺设，输水管铺设到每块稻田，在稻田边的输水管阀门，控制防水，输水将水输送到田头，在田头的输水管连接喷灌带。3) The water delivery pipe is laid, the water delivery pipe is laid to each paddy field, the valve of the water delivery pipe at the edge of the paddy field controls the waterproofing, the water is delivered to the field head, and the water delivery pipe at the head of the field is connected to the sprinkler irrigation belt.
4)喷灌带铺设，喷灌带在田间均匀铺设，在稻田纵向每隔10～20行铺设一条喷灌带，横向每隔10～20铺设喷头一个，将喷灌带与喷头相连。4) Sprinkler irrigation belt laying, the sprinkler irrigation belt is laid evenly in the field, a sprinkler irrigation belt is laid every 10-20 rows in the vertical direction of the paddy field, and a sprinkler head is laid every 10-20 rows horizontally, and the sprinkler irrigation belt is connected to the nozzle.
5)在水稻季节性干旱期间，根据水稻生长需要，开启在稻田边的输水管阀门，开始喷灌。5) During the seasonal drought of rice, according to the needs of rice growth, open the valve of the water pipe beside the rice field to start spray irrigation.
实施实例3Implementation example 3
根据水稻生长的肥料需求，将一定量水溶性肥料倒入蓄水池，搅均匀，水肥通过灌溉水一起施入土壤，通过灌溉池溶解进行滴灌带滴灌或喷灌带喷灌，提高肥料利用率。According to the fertilizer demand for rice growth, pour a certain amount of water-soluble fertilizer into the reservoir, stir evenly, apply water and fertilizer to the soil together with irrigation water, and dissolve through the irrigation pool to perform drip irrigation with drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation with spray irrigation to improve fertilizer utilization.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.
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| CN106717828A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽华安种业有限责任公司 | A kind of rice irrigation method |
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| CN201436843U (en) * | 2009-04-18 | 2010-04-14 | 无锡职业技术学院 | A water-saving irrigation system |
| CN101869044A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-10-27 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Rice wet irrigation automatic water supply device |
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