CN107114114A - A kind of Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify - Google Patents
A kind of Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify Download PDFInfo
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- CN107114114A CN107114114A CN201710543540.8A CN201710543540A CN107114114A CN 107114114 A CN107114114 A CN 107114114A CN 201710543540 A CN201710543540 A CN 201710543540A CN 107114114 A CN107114114 A CN 107114114A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify is collected the rain moisture the invention discloses a kind of Dryland mulch film, according to corn growth demand site preparation, fertilising, and herbicide spraying, overlay film is insulted in the freeze-up preceding overlay film of autumn last year soil or spring top, in good time times of spacing in the rows double grains seeding corn, does not break seedling not thinning after emerging.Beneficial effects of the present invention are that the present invention has selected resistance to close stable yields corn variety resistant to lodging, simplifies breeding program, reduces labor intensity；Corn emergence rate and survival rate of seedlings are respectively 86.16% and 94.25%, and yield and WUEL and common seeding method are similar；Solve the problem of uneven emergence, seedling growth difference and field management manpower shortage caused by arid, arid biogeographic zone covering with ground sheeting soil moisture conservation is realized to be combined with saving labour, operation is succinct, it is practical, suitable for arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area mechanization degree is low, labour's critical shortage region, it is a kind of high yield, reduces the implantation methods of labour cost, has a extensive future.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop seeding method and technology field, and in particular to a kind of Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture a times spacing in the rows
Double plants of simplified corn seeding methods.
Background technology
In arid, semiarid region, corn is broadcast after Technique Popularizing compared with other crop economy remarkable benefits, full film double-furrow, beautiful
Rice yield is dramatically increased, and economic benefit is higher than other field crops, and sown area is dramatically increased.But the technology mulch sowing etc.
It is time-consuming, it is desirable to which that Mechanization Level is high, it is low for mountain area mechanization degree underdeveloped, labor intensity is added, plus
The outstanding problem such as manpower shortage, seriously threatened arid, Corn In Semiarid Area industry development；Therefore, light letter is researched and developed
Change cultivation technique for mechanization degree it is low, it is manpower shortage arid, semiarid region it is particularly important.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is collected the rain moisture aiming at above-mentioned defect of the prior art there is provided a kind of Dryland mulch film
The corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify, can reach effectively increase corn emergence rate, survival rate of seedlings and save labour
Purpose.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that provides of the present invention is：A kind of Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture a times spacing in the rows
Double plants of simplified corn seeding methods, comprise the following steps：
1）Prepartion of land is ploughed deeply：
Stubble is the soil of summer grain crops crop before selection, starts to thaw in freeze-up preceding or spring in the current year soil of autumn last year soil
Afterwards, plough deeply 20-25cm with big-powered tractor, Rotary tillage rake mill makes prepartion of land, it is smooth after dispel root stubble, soil block；
2）Fertilising：
The kg/hm of farm manure 4.5-7.5 ten thousand are applied before overlay film2, pure phosphorus 105-180kg/hm2, nitrogenous fertilizer 180-270kg/hm2；
3）Covering with plastic film：
Common PE Agricultural Films are chosen, width is 120cm, and thickness is 0.01mm, covered using full film furrow；
4）Pest control：
Subterranean pest-insect chemical particle agricultural chemicals is spread fertilizer over the fields before overlay film；And spray the special closing chemical herbicide of corn field, insecticide and
Herbicide constant drug effect is 50-70 days；
5）Sowing：
Sowed after overlay film, artificial dibbling during sowing, per two, cave, annual rainfall is in 300-500mm region, corn seeding density
For 45000-75000 plants/hm2, spacing in the rows expands and is twice when double grains are sowed, and density suitably increases 7500-15000 plants/hm2, prevent jade
Rice is emerged and insect pest.
Further, a kind of above-mentioned Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify, institute
State step 2）In, nitrogenous fertilizer is slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, in step 1）Disposably applied as base manure when prepartion of land is ploughed deeply.
Further, a kind of above-mentioned Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify, institute
State step 3）In, full film furrow broadcasts a width of 110cm of mulch film band of covering, and often band is that big micro-ridge interlocks covering, and micro-ridge plays bottom width
For 40cm, high 10-15 cm, it is 70cm, high 5-10 cm that bottom width is played on big ridge, and film does not interspace with intermembranous, and mulch film connects in great Long
Place connects stubble, joint part rammed earth.
Further, a kind of above-mentioned Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify, institute
State step 3）In, black film mulching is selected during overlay film, is to effectively control weeds teleblem.
Further, a kind of above-mentioned Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify, institute
State step 5）In, sowing variety adoption height is anti-, resistance to close, stable yields corn variety, and mulch film planting hole is expanded with dibbler during sowing,
It is easy to emergence of corn, it, according to local precipitation event, is 10 plants per 1mm precipitation thickness of sowing that the expected density of sowing, which is,.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
A kind of Dryland mulch film that the present invention is provided collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify, times spacing in the rows double grains
Sowing effectively reduces 50% video-on-demand times, and emergence rate and survival rate of seedlings save thinning and broken seedling link with compareing equal indifference；
Employ sustained/controlled release urea and broadcast preceding Base-appling once, reducing the jointing stage topdresses link, effectively reduces labor intensity；Maize leaves
The items physical signs such as area, dry, grain yield and economical character are not reduced compared with the control.The sowing of double grains times spacing in the rows has
Effect adds the light receiving rate of bottom blade, adds the intercepting and capturing amount of light, preferably solves the flat work of tradition because the excessive field of colony is strongly fragrant
Ventilation and penetrating light bad phenomenon caused by covering, has delayed the aging of bottom blade, adds source amount, promotes rationally dividing for source storehouse
Match somebody with somebody, improve photosynthetic efficiency, theoretical foundation is provided for corn with high yield.Effectively reduction labor intensity of the invention, saves and works into
This, solves the problems such as rural laborer is not enough, remarkable in economical benefits, sustainable development to profile in dry highland of Loess Plateau area Maize Industry and
Rural laborer's deficiency has realistic meaning.
Loess Plateau Region soil ravines and guillies criss-cross, more based on mountain region, drought is short of rain, rainy season skewness, steams
Hair amount is big, and early spring Arid Problem is protruded, and rural laborer Xiangcheng City is shifted in addition, and empty nestor, women and children are into agricultural
The main labour of production, agricultural working labour's wretched insufficiency.The invention mainly employs small-sized machine with improving agronomic culture
Technology is combined, and reduces labor intensity.The present invention is compared with conventional art, and 5.0 Hes have been respectively increased in emergence rate and survival rate of seedlings
0.7 percentage point, Three ear leaves and bottom blade light transmittance improve 2.0 and 1.4 percentage points, yield, WUEL and
The equal indifference of water consumption, saves 1350 yuan/hm of labour cost2.The present invention realizes arid biogeographic zone covering with ground sheeting soil moisture conservation with saving labor
Power is combined, and operation is succinct, practical.It is low, labour's critical shortage suitable for arid, Semi-arid Mountain Area mechanization degree
Region, is a kind of high yield, reduces a kind of implantation methods of labour cost, popularizing application prospect is wide.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is shown as the Dryland mulch film of the invention provided and collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify
Exemplary view.
Fig. 2 is shown as the Dryland mulch film of the invention provided and collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify
Close shot figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
A kind of Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify, and comprises the following steps：
1）Prepartion of land is ploughed deeply：Stubble is the summer grain crops crops such as wheat before selection, in the autumn last year soil freeze-up preceding or spring in the current year
Soil started to thaw and ploughed deeply 20-25cm from big-powered tractor season, and Rotary tillage rake mill makes prepartion of land, smooth rear unrooted stubble, nothing
Soil block.
2）Fertilizer practice：Diamines and control release urea, purity nitrogen 180-270 kg/hm are selected in fertilising2Base-appling once, corn is pulled out
The section phase no longer topdresses, phosphorus pentoxide 105-180 kg/hm2, the kg/hm of farm manure 4.5-7.5 ten thousand2Or refined organic fertilizer 600-
900kg/ hm2, rotary tillage ferti is carried out from fertilising rotary tillage all-in-one machine.
3）Covering with ground sheeting：Choose common PE Agricultural Films, width：120cm, thickness：0.01mm, using full film furrow
Covering.
4）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Subterranean pest-insect chemical particle agricultural chemicals is spread fertilizer over the fields before overlay film；And spray the special closure of corn field
Herbicide is learned, insecticide and herbicide constant drug effect were at 50-70 days, and metering is used to specifications；It is miscellaneous to prevent to spray medicine
Based on grass and subterranean pest-insect, wherein control of weeds soil closes weeding technique, and agricultural chemicals is Acetochlor, and consumption is 2250ml/hm2,
Earth's surface is squirted when spraying, and spray can be squirted or overlay film is that non-spray all-in-one is carried out using artificial；Subterranean pest-insect prevents choosing
Phoxim particle is used, grub, wireworm, cutworm etc. is mainly prevented, consumption is 3% phoxim granule（1000g/ bags）15 bags/
hm2.Need to carry out precautionary measures when squirting agricultural chemicals, prevent from spraying people's pesticide poisoning.
5）Sowing：Sowed after overlay film with corn Portable dibble seeder, per two, cave, thickness of sowing is according to local rainfall
It is determined that, annual rainfall is in 300-500mm regions, and corn seeding density is 45000-75000 plants/hm2, it is true in original thickness of sowing
Spacing in the rows expands and is twice when singling is sowed away from, double grains, per bunch planting kind two during sowing, density suitably increase 7500-15000 plants/
hm2, prevent emergence of corn and insect pest.
Step 1）Middle nitrogenous fertilizer selects the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of national quality certification, is disposably applied as base manure in site preparation,
Jointing stage no longer topdresses.
Step 2）In full film furrow broadcast and be covered as mulch film bandwidth 110cm, often band is that big micro-ridge interlocks covering, micro-ridge bottom
Bottom width about 70cm, high 5-10 cm big ridge are played in width about 40cm, high 10-15 cm, big ridge, and film does not interspace with intermembranous, and mulch film exists
Great Long joints connect stubble, connect stubble and go out to use rammed earth.
Step 3）In in order to effectively control weeds teleblem, during overlay film select black film mulching.
Step 5）In, from high anti-, resistance to close, stable yields corn variety, expand mulch film planting hole with dibbler during sowing, be easy to
Emergence of corn, the expected density of sowing, according to local precipitation event, is 10 plants per 1mm precipitation thickness of sowing.
The effect of concrete application is as follows：
1）Maize Physiological is influenceed：The technology effectively improves corn ventilation and light transmission, adds blade light-receiving area, rod
Three leaves and bottom light transmittance are respectively 10.7% and 4.6%, and photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf water utilize effect
Rate is respectively 11.32 μm of ol CO2 m-2s-1、0.49 mol H2O m-2 s -1、3.05μmol H2O m-2 s-1With 3.71 μm of ol
mol-1。
2）Influence to Agronomic Characters In Corn：Times spacing in the rows insemination and emergence rate and survival rate of seedlings are respectively 86.2% and 94.3%, are gone out
Seedling rate improves 5.0 percentage points compared with control；Grain number per spike is 602.7/fringe, 100-grain weight 34.15g/100.
3）Influence to yield and WUEL：Continuous 5 years result of the tests show, times spacing in the rows yield and water utilization
Efficiency is respectively 14161.5kg/hm2With 31.65 kg/mmhm2, soil water consumption not notable with traditional contrast difference
407.3mm-510.1mm, with compareing amplification for -10.7-28.4mm.
4）Influence to economic benefit：This technology improved maize culture skill mainly for the not enough problem of rural labour
Art, saves thinning, broken seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings and link of topdressing, save 1350 yuan/hm of labour cost2。
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify, it is characterised in that including following
Step：
1）Prepartion of land is ploughed deeply：
Stubble is the soil of summer grain crops crop before selection, starts to thaw in freeze-up preceding or spring in the current year soil of autumn last year soil
Afterwards, plough deeply 20-25cm with big-powered tractor, Rotary tillage rake mill makes prepartion of land, it is smooth after dispel root stubble, soil block；
2）Fertilising：
The kg/hm of farm manure 4.5-7.5 ten thousand are applied before overlay film2, pure phosphorus 105-180kg/hm2, nitrogenous fertilizer 180-270kg/hm2；
3）Covering with plastic film：
Common PE Agricultural Films are chosen, width is 120cm, and thickness is 0.01mm, covered using full film furrow；
4）Pest control：
Subterranean pest-insect chemical particle agricultural chemicals is spread fertilizer over the fields before overlay film；And spray the special closing chemical herbicide of corn field, insecticide and
Herbicide constant drug effect is 50-70 days；
5）Sowing：
Sowed after overlay film, artificial dibbling during sowing, per two, cave, annual rainfall is in 300-500mm region, corn seeding density
For 45000-75000 plants/hm2, spacing in the rows expands and is twice when double grains are sowed, and density suitably increases 7500-15000 plants/hm2, prevent jade
Rice is emerged and insect pest.
2. a kind of Dryland mulch film according to claim 1 collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify,
Characterized in that, the step 2）In, nitrogenous fertilizer is slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, in step 1）It is disposable as base manure when prepartion of land is ploughed deeply
Apply.
3. a kind of Dryland mulch film according to claim 1 collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify,
Characterized in that, the step 3）In, full film furrow broadcasts a width of 110cm of mulch film band of covering, and often band is that big micro-ridge interlocks and covered
Lid, it is 40cm, high 10-15 cm that micro-ridge, which plays bottom width, and it is 70cm, high 5-10 cm that bottom width is played on big ridge, and film does not interspace with intermembranous, ground
Film connects stubble, joint part rammed earth in great Long joints.
4. a kind of Dryland mulch film according to claim 1 collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify,
Characterized in that, the step 3）In, black film mulching is selected during overlay film, is to effectively control weeds teleblem.
5. a kind of Dryland mulch film according to claim 1 collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify,
Characterized in that, the step 5）In, sowing variety adoption height is anti-, resistance to close, stable yields corn variety, is expanded during sowing with dibbler
Big mulch film planting hole, is easy to emergence of corn, and the expected density of sowing is, according to local precipitation event, to be per 1mm precipitation thicknesss of sowing
10 plants.
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| CN201710543540.8A CN107114114A (en) | 2017-07-05 | 2017-07-05 | A kind of Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710543540.8A CN107114114A (en) | 2017-07-05 | 2017-07-05 | A kind of Dryland mulch film collects the rain moisture the corn seeding method that the double strains of times spacing in the rows simplify |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107969302A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-01 | 兰州大学 | A kind of East African altiplano area corn ditch ridge cultivating method |
| CN112913602A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-08 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Spring corn biodegradable mulching film reduction planting method in dry farming area |
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