CN107078281A - 混合正极活性材料、包含其的正极和二次电池 - Google Patents
混合正极活性材料、包含其的正极和二次电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107078281A CN107078281A CN201580057343.4A CN201580057343A CN107078281A CN 107078281 A CN107078281 A CN 107078281A CN 201580057343 A CN201580057343 A CN 201580057343A CN 107078281 A CN107078281 A CN 107078281A
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- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- oxide
- active materials
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical class [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种混合正极活性材料,所述混合正极活性材料包含平均直径为10μm以上的大颗粒正极活性材料和平均直径为5μm以下的小颗粒正极活性材料,其中所述大颗粒正极活性材料和所述小颗粒正极活性材料分别涂布有三硼酸锂与金属氧化物之间的不同材料。
Description
技术领域
本申请要求于2014年12月19日提交的韩国专利申请10-2014-0184875号的优先权,其公开内容通过参考并入本文中。
本发明涉及混合正极活性材料、包含其的正极和二次电池,且更特别地,涉及不同材料的混合正极活性材料、包含其的正极和二次电池。
背景技术
近来以越来越多的量使用的锂二次电池主要使用含Li的钴氧化物(LiCoO2)作为正极活性材料。此外,还考虑使用含Li的锰氧化物如具有层状晶体结构的LiMnO2和具有尖晶石晶体结构的LiMn2O4以及含Li的镍氧化物LiNiO2。
目前正极活性材料含Li的钴氧化物(LiCoO2)由于具有诸如优异的循环特性等的优异整体性能而被广泛使用。然而,含锂的钴氧化物存在几个问题如价格相对较高、充放电电流量低(为约150mAh/g)、在4.3V以上的电压下晶体结构不稳定、由于与电解质反应而造成火灾的危险等。
为了解决这些问题,已经提出了包括用金属(例如铝)涂布含Li的钴氧化物(LiCoO2)的外表面以允许在高电压下运行的技术、对含Li的钴氧化物(LiCoO2)进行热处理或与另一种材料混合的技术等。然而,由这种正极材料构成的二次电池在高电压下可能显示出弱的稳定性或者可能对批量生产工艺的应用存在限制。
由于锂锰氧化物如LiMnO2或LiMn2O4具有使用充足的生态友好的锰作为原料的优点,所以其作为能够代替LiCoO2的正极活性材料引起了许多关注,但是锂锰氧化物具有诸如容量小且循环特性差的缺点。
锂镍类氧化物如LiNiO2的成本低于钴类氧化物,而当在4.3V下充电时其显示出高的放电容量。因此,掺杂的LiNiO2的可逆容量可以接近约200mAh/g,其超过了LiNiO2的容量(约165mAh/g)。然而,LiNiO2类氧化物具有随着伴随充放电循环的体积变化而发生晶体结构快速相变、以及在循环期间产生过量气体的问题。
为了解决上述问题,提出了锂过渡金属氧化物,其呈其中一部分镍被诸如锰、钴等的另一种过渡金属取代的形式。用金属取代的镍类锂过渡金属氧化物具有循环特性和容量特性相对优异的优点。然而,在长时间使用时循环特性急剧降低,且在高温储存时产生的稳定性问题尚未解决。
此外,随着近来移动设备逐渐变得高功能化以在连续轻量化和小型化的同时提供多种功能,并且作为电动车辆EV和混合动力电动车辆HEV的动力电源的二次电池引起了注意,其中建议将所述电动车辆EV和混合动力电动车辆HEV作为解决使用化石燃料的相关汽油车辆和柴油车辆的空气污染的方法,所以预计二次电池的使用将进一步增加。鉴于此,不仅对上述问题的关注增加,而且对在高水平容量和高电位状态下的电池稳定性和高温存储特性的问题的关注也在增长。
因此,迫切要求用于同时解决输出问题和使用寿命特性问题的新技术。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明旨在解决相关技术的问题,并因此本发明旨在提供一种混合正极活性材料、包含所述混合正极活性材料的正极、和二次电池,所述混合正极活性材料同时满足在高电压下的输出特性和在高温下的使用寿命特性两者。
本发明的其他目的和优点能够通过以下描述并且更清楚地用本发明的实施方案来理解。而且,将容易理解,本发明的目的和优点可以通过所附权利要求及其组合中所示的手段来实现。
技术方案
在本发明的一个方面中,提供根据下述示例性实施方案的混合正极活性材料。
实施方案1涉及一种混合正极活性材料,所述混合正极活性材料包含平均直径为10μm以上的大颗粒正极活性材料和平均直径为5μm以下的小颗粒正极活性材料,其中所述大颗粒正极活性材料和所述小颗粒正极活性材料分别用在三硼酸锂与金属氧化物之间的不同材料进行涂布。
根据实施方案2,在实施方案1中,所述金属氧化物可以是选自如下物质中的一种或多种物质:镁氧化物、铝氧化物、铌氧化物、钛氧化物和钨氧化物。
根据实施方案3,在实施方案1或2中的任一实施方案中,所述大颗粒正极活性材料与所述小颗粒正极活性材料的重量比可以为5:5~8:2。
根据实施方案4,在实施方案1~3中的任一实施方案中,所述大颗粒正极活性材料和所述小颗粒正极活性材料中的至少一者可以是锂镍锰钴复合氧化物(NMC)。
根据实施方案5,在实施方案1~4中的任一实施方案中,所述锂镍锰钴复合氧化物(NMC)可以是Li(1+δ)MnxNiyCo(1-x-y-z)MzO2(M是选自如下中的至少一种元素:Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Al、Si、Ga、Ge和Sn,且-0.15<δ<0.15,0.1<x≤0.5,0.6<x+y+z<1.0,0≤z≤0.1)。
根据另一方面,提供以下实施方案的正极。
实施方案6涉及一种正极,所述正极包含电极集电器和形成在所述电极集电器的至少一个表面上并包含上述混合正极活性材料、导电剂和粘合剂的正极活性材料层。
根据实施方案7,在实施方案6中,所述导电剂可以是选自如下中的至少一种物质:石墨;炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、槽法炭黑、炉黑、灯黑、热裂法炭黑、碳纤维、金属纤维、碳氟化合物、铝粉末、镍粉末、锌氧化物、钛酸钾和钛氧化物。
根据实施方案8,在实施方案6或7中的任一实施方案中,所述粘合剂可以是选自如下中的至少一种物质:聚偏二氟乙烯、偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(PVDF-共-HFP)、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、再生纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)、磺化的EPDM、丁苯橡胶(SBR)、氟橡胶、聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
此外,在本发明的另一方面中,提供了以下实施方案的二次电池。
根据实施方案9,提供包含上述正极的二次电池。
在实施方案10中,根据实施方案9,所述二次电池可以是锂二次电池。
根据实施方案11,在实施方案9或10中的任一实施方案中,所述二次电池的驱动电压可以是4.25V以上。
有益效果
本发明具提供以下效果。本发明的优点是通过混合具有不同平均直径的两种类型的正极活性材料来提供具有优异辊压密度(rolling density)的正极。
此外,本发明的优点是通过使用分别涂布有三硼酸锂和金属氧化物的异质正极活性材料,提供同时增强输出特性和高温使用寿命特性的二次电池。
附图说明
附图显示了本发明的优选实施方案,并且与前述发明内容一起用于进一步理解本发明的技术主旨。然而,本发明不应被解释为限于所述附图。
图1是显示实施例1以及比较例1和2的恢复容量和电阻变化的图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将参考附图对本发明的优选实施方案进行详细描述。在描述之前,应当理解,在说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语不应被解释为限于一般和词典的含义,而是在发明人被允许适当地定义术语以进行最佳解释的原则的基础上基于与本发明的技术方面相对应的含义和概念来解释。因此,本说明书中公开的实施方案和附图中所示的构造仅仅是本发明的最优选实施方案,且它们并不是全部都代表本发明的技术理念,并因此应当理解,可以存在多种对在提交本申请时的内容进行替代的等价体和修改例。
根据实施方案的混合正极活性材料可以包含两种具有不同直径的正极活性材料,且优选地,可以是平均直径为10μm以上的大颗粒正极活性材料和平均粒径为5μm以下的小颗粒正极活性材料的混合物。
当混合具有不同直径的两种正极活性材料时,可以用小颗粒正极活性材料填充大颗粒正极活性材料之间的孔。因此,可以以高的辊压密度涂布集电器,并最终可以制造具有优异能量密度的正极和电池。
可应用于本发明的正极活性材料的实例不受限制,并由此可以包括任意材料,只要其在充电和放电期间能够使得离子嵌入-脱嵌即可。优选地,该材料可以优选为锂镍锰钴复合氧化物(NMC),或者更特别地,所述材料可以是Li(1+δ)MnxNiyCo(1-x-y-z)MzO2(M是选自如下元素中的至少一种元素:Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Al、Si、Ga、Ge和Sn,且-0.15<δ<0.15,0.1<x≤0.5,0.6<x+y+z<1.0,0≤z≤0.1)。
大颗粒正极活性材料的平均直径可以为10μm以上,且优选为10μm~20μm。当平均直径小于10μm时,存在由于孔小而难以包含基本粒子的问题。
此外,小颗粒正极活性材料的平均直径可以为5μm以下,优选1μm~5μm,更优选3μm~5μm。在这种情况下,当平均直径超过5μm时,存在其中基本粒子难以包含在由大颗粒正极活性材料形成的孔内的问题。
根据实施方案的混合正极活性材料以其中大颗粒正极活性材料和小颗粒正极活性材料分别涂布有在三硼酸锂(或锂硼烷氧化物(LBO))与金属氧化物之间的不同材料的方式形成。
具体地,所述混合物可以是涂布有三硼酸锂的大颗粒正极活性材料/涂布有金属氧化物的小颗粒正极活性材料的混合物、或涂布有三硼酸锂的小颗粒正极活性材料/涂布有金属氧化物的大颗粒正极活性材料的混合物,且优选可以提供涂布有三硼酸锂的小颗粒正极活性材料/涂布有金属氧化物的大颗粒正极活性材料的混合物。
在一个实例中,对于金属氧化物,可以使用任意材料而没有限制,只要其可以涂布在正极活性材料上并且在高电压下具有优异的稳定性即可。实例可以包括但不限于,过渡金属氧化物如Nb、Ti、Zn、Sn、Zr和W的氧化物;诸如Ce的氧化物的镧系金属氧化物;以及相对轻的金属氧化物如Mg、Al、B和Si的氧化物,优选Mg、Al、Nb、Ti和W的氧化物。
根据实施方案的正极活性材料可以使用以5:5~8:2的重量比、且优选以6:4~7:3的重量比混合的大颗粒正极活性材料和小颗粒正极活性材料。当大颗粒正极活性材料的量小于50重量%时,会导致由大颗粒材料形成的孔的数目少,使得难以利用小颗粒材料降低填充密度。当大颗粒正极活性材料的量超过80重量%时,通过小颗粒材料改善输出的效果变得不足。
根据另一个实施方案的正极可以包含电极集电器和形成在电极集电器的至少一个表面上并且包含上述混合正极活性材料、导电剂和粘合剂的正极活性材料层。
电极集电器不限于任何具体的材料,只要其具有导电性并且不会引起相关技术中化学变化即可,并且可以包括例如:不锈钢、铝、镍、钛、烧结碳、或经碳、镍、钛、银等表面处理过的铝或不锈钢。此外,电极集电器可以具有形成在其表面上的微凸块以增强正极活性材料的粘附强度,可以具有各种形式如膜、片、箔、网、多孔体、泡沫、无纺布等,且可以具有3μm~500μm的厚度。
导电剂不限于任何具体实例,只要其具有导电性并且不会引起相关技术中的化学变化即可,并且可以使用导电材料,例如石墨如天然石墨或人造石墨;炭黑如炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、槽法炭黑、炉黑、灯黑或热裂法炭黑;导电纤维如碳纤维或金属纤维;金属粉末如碳氟化合物、铝或镍粉末;导电晶须如锌氧化物或钛酸钾;导电金属氧化物如钛氧化物;和聚亚苯基衍生物。优选地,导电剂可以是选自如下中的至少一种:石墨、炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、槽法炭黑、炉黑、灯黑、热裂法炭黑、碳纤维、金属纤维、碳氟化合物、铝粉末、镍粉末、锌氧化物、钛酸钾和钛氧化物,并且通常可以以基于包含混合正极活性材料的混合物的总重量为约1重量%~20重量%的量添加。
此外,可以将任意成分用作本发明中的粘合剂而没有限制,只要所述成分有助于所述混合正极活性材料和所述导电剂的结合以及与电极集电器的结合即可,并且可以优选为选自如下中的至少一种:聚偏二氟乙烯、偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(PVDF-共-HFP)、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、再生纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)、磺化的EPDM、丁苯橡胶(SBR)、氟橡胶、聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯并且通常可以以基于包含正极活性材料的混合物的总重量为1重量%~20重量%的量添加。
此外,根据实施方案的正极可以任选地包含填料,并且可应用于本发明中的填料没有具体限制,只要其是不引起相应电池中的化学变化的纤维材料即可。非限制性实例可包括:烯烃类聚合物如聚乙烯和聚丙烯;和纤维材料如玻璃纤维或碳纤维。
根据另一个实施方案可以提供包含上述正极的二次电池,其中所述二次电池可以优选地是锂二次电池,并且二次电池可以具有4.25V以上的驱动电压。
锂二次电池可以由上述正极、负极、隔膜和含Li的非水电解质构成,并且下面将对除了正极之外的根据实施方案的锂二次电池的其它部件进行说明。
负极可以通过在负极集电器上涂布负极材料并进行干燥来制造,并且根据需要,可以进一步包含上述成分。
负极材料可以包括例如:碳如硬碳或石墨碳;金属复合氧化物如LixFe2O3(0≤x≤1)、LixWO2(0≤x≤1)、SnxMe1-xMe'yOz(Me:Mn、Fe、Pb、Ge;Me':Al,B,P,Si,周期表的1、2、3族元素,卤素;(0<x≤1;1≤y≤3;1≤z≤8);锂金属;锂合金;硅合金;锡合金;金属氧化物如SnO、SnO2、PbO;导电聚合物如聚乙炔;和Li-Co-Ni材料。
负极集电器通常制造成3μm~500μm的厚度。负极集电器不限于任何具体的材料,只要其具有导电性且不会引起相应电池中的化学变化即可,且可以包括例如:铜、不锈钢、铝、镍、钛、烧结碳、经碳、镍、钛、银等表面处理过的铜或不锈钢;铝镉合金等。此外,与正极集电器一样,负极活性材料可以通过在其表面上具有微凸块而具有更高的粘附力,并且可以以多种形式如膜、片、箔、网、多孔体、泡沫、无纺布等的形式使用。
可以将隔膜设置在正极与负极之间,并且可以使用具有高离子透过性和机械强度的薄绝缘膜。隔膜的孔径通常可以为0.01μm~10μm,且厚度通常可以为5μm~300μm。隔膜可以是例如:具有耐化学性和疏水性的烯烃类聚合物如聚丙烯;以及由玻璃纤维或聚乙烯制成的片或无纺布。当将诸如聚合物的固体电解质用于电解质时,固体电解质也可充当隔膜。
含锂的非水电解质可以由非水电解质和锂盐构成。对于非水电解质,可以使用非水电解溶剂、固体电解质和无机固体电解质。
非水电解溶剂可以包括例如:非质子有机溶剂如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、γ-丁内酯、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、四羟基法郎(tetrahydroxyfranc)、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜、1,3-二氧戊环、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二氧戊环、乙腈、硝基甲烷、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、磷酸三酯、三甲氧基甲烷、二氧戊环衍生物、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮、碳酸亚丙酯衍生物、四氢呋喃衍生物、醚、丙酸甲酯和丙酸乙酯。
有机固体电解质可以包括例如:聚乙烯衍生物、聚环氧乙烷衍生物、聚环氧丙烷衍生物、磷酸酯聚合物、聚搅拌赖氨酸、聚酯硫化物、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氟乙烯和包含离子可离解基团的聚合物。
无机固体电解质可以包括例如锂的氮化物、卤化物和硫酸盐如Li3N、LiI、Li5NI2、Li3N-LiI-LiOH、LiSiO4、LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH、Li2SiS3、Li4SiO4、Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH和Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2。
锂盐是易溶于上述非水电解质的材料,且可以包括例如LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2NLi、氯硼烷锂、低级脂族羧酸锂、四苯基硼酸锂和亚氨基锂。
为了提高充/放电特性、阻燃性等,可以向非水电解质加入例如吡啶、亚磷酸三乙酯、三乙醇胺、环醚、乙二胺、正甘醇二甲醚、六磷酸三酰胺、硝基苯衍生物、硫、醌亚胺染料、N-取代的唑烷酮、N,N-取代的咪唑烷、乙二醇二烷基醚、铵盐、吡咯、2-甲氧基乙醇、三氯化铝等。根据实施方案,为了赋予阻燃性,非水电解质可以进一步含有含卤素的溶剂如四氯化碳和三氟乙烯。此外,为了提高高温储存特性,非水电解质可以还含有二氧化碳气体,且可以还含有氟代碳酸亚乙酯(FEC)、丙烯磺酸内酯(PRS)、氟代碳酸亚丙酯(FPC)等。
在下文中,为了更具体的描述,将参考实施例对本发明进行详细描述。然而,根据本发明的实施例能够以各种形式进行改进,并且本发明的范围不应被解释为限于下述实施例。提供了根据本发明的实施例以向本领域技术人员更完整地描述本发明。
[实施例1]
通过将70重量%的平均直径为10μm并涂布有Al2O3的LiMnO·2NiO·6CoO2正极活性材料与30重量%的平均直径为5μm并涂布有三硼酸锂(LBO)的正极活性材料混合来制造所述混合正极活性材料,然后通过将所述混合正极活性材料、导电性碳和粘合剂分别以92.5:3.5:4的重量比进行混合并将制得物涂布在电极集电器上来制备正极,其后通过将隔膜插入如上制造的正极与负极之间,并用铝袋壳进行密封,制造了二次电池。
[实施例2]
除了通过将70重量%的平均直径为10μm并涂布有三硼酸锂(LBO)的LiMnO·2NiO·6CoO2正极活性材料与30重量%的平均直径为5μm并涂布有氧化铝Al2O3的LiMnO·2NiO·6CoO2正极活性材料混合来制造本文中使用的混合正极活性材料之外,利用与实施例1中相同的方法制造了二次电池。
[比较例1]
通过单独使用涂布有三硼酸锂(LBO)的LiMnO·2NiO·6CoO2正极活性材料制造了正极活性材料,其后通过将导电性碳和粘合剂分别以92.5:3.5:4的重量比进行混合并将制得物涂在电极集电器上,制造了正极。然后通过将隔膜插入如上所述制造的正极与负极之间并用铝袋壳进行密封来制造二次电池。
[比较例2]
除了仅使用涂布有氧化铝(Al2O3)的LiMnO·2NiO·6CoO2正极活性材料之外,使用与比较例1所使用的相同方法制造了二次电池。
性能试验
[输出特性试验]
在SOC 50状态下相对于脉冲电流通过电压降10秒进行的电阻测量的试验结果示于下表1中。
[表1]
项 | 在SOC 50下的电阻Rdis(mΩ) |
实施例1 | 0.91 |
比较例1 | 0.97 |
比较例2 | 0.92 |
[高温使用寿命试验]
将示出在一周间隔下在4.25V完全充电电池完成60℃高温储存之后的恢复容量和电阻变化的图示于表2中。
[容量保持率试验]
将在高温储存5周后的容量保持率和电阻变化率示于表2中。
[表2]
项 | 容量保持率(%) | 电阻变化率(%) |
实施例1 | 95.7 | 18 |
比较例1 | 95.3 | 17 |
比较例2 | 91.3 | 27 |
容量保持率:在存储5周之后的放电容量/第一次的放电容量*100(%)
电阻增加率:在存储5周之后的在SOC50下的电阻/第一次在SOC50下的电阻
根据上述实施例,当将具有优异输出特性的大颗粒材料和具有优异耐高温耐久性的小颗粒材料组合时,可以实现与单独使用每种材料时相比输出特性可以提高的效果,且能够在高温储存方面获得与仅使用大颗粒材料时相同的性能。
已经对本发明进行了详细描述。然而,应当理解,详细说明和具体实例尽管显示了本发明的优选实施方案,但是仅是为了说明而给出的,并且根据该详细说明在本发明范围内的各种改变和变体对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的。
Claims (11)
1.一种混合正极活性材料,包含:平均直径为10μm以上的大颗粒正极活性材料和平均直径为5μm以下的小颗粒正极活性材料,其中所述大颗粒正极活性材料和所述小颗粒正极活性材料分别涂布有三硼酸锂与金属氧化物之间的不同材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合正极活性材料,其中所述金属氧化物是选自如下物质中的至少一种物质:镁氧化物、铝氧化物、铌氧化物、钛氧化物和钨氧化物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合正极活性材料,其中所述大颗粒正极活性材料与所述小颗粒正极活性材料的重量比为5:5~8:2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合正极活性材料,其中所述大颗粒正极活性材料和所述小颗粒正极活性材料中至少一者为锂镍锰钴复合氧化物(NMC)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合正极活性材料,其中所述锂镍锰钴复合氧化物(NMC)是Li(1+δ)MnxNiyCo(1-x-y-z)MzO2(M是选自如下中的至少一种元素:Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Al、Si、Ga、Ge和Sn,且-0.15<δ<0.15,0.1<x≤0.5,0.6<x+y+z<1.0,0≤z≤0.1)。
6.一种正极,包含:
电极集电器;和
正极活性材料层,所述正极活性材料层形成在所述电极集电器的至少一个表面上并包含权利要求1~5中任一项的混合正极活性材料、导电剂和粘合剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的正极,其中所述导电剂是选自如下中的至少一种物质:碳、炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、槽法炭黑、炉黑、灯黑、热裂法炭黑、碳纤维、金属纤维、碳氟化合物、铝粉末、镍粉末、锌氧化物、钛酸钾和钛氧化物。
8.根据权利要求6所述的正极,其中所述粘合剂是选自如下中的至少一种:聚偏二氟乙烯、偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(PVDF-共-HFP)、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、再生纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)、磺化的EPDM、丁苯橡胶(SBR)、氟橡胶、聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
9.一种二次电池,所述二次电池包含权利要求6的正极。
10.根据权利要求9所述的二次电池,其中所述二次电池是锂二次电池。
11.根据权利要求9所述的二次电池,其中所述二次电池的驱动电压为4.25以上。
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