CN1070352C - 肌酸饮料及其生产方法 - Google Patents
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种生产含有肌酸作为主要成分的保健或营养饮料的方法。使用该方法生产肌酸在保存过程中不会损失其作用，并且饮料的生产成本低。该生产方法包括：加热呈弱碱性水；按每100cc热水1-3g晶体肌酸的量将晶体肌酸粉末加入到热水中；通过搅拌使肌酸粉末溶解以形成肌酸水溶液；将用于改善营养和适口性的添加剂加入到肌酸水溶液中，通过灭菌处理得到肌酸饮料。
Description
本发明涉及一种含有肌酸作为主要成分的保健高能或营养型饮料以及生产该肌酸饮料的方法。
随着自动售货机的普及，瓶装或罐装饮料的需求已迅速提高。另外，水质污染促使这些饮料由传统碳酸饮料及果汁饮料向矿质水、天然水、以及保健或营养饮料发展。由上所述，保健饮料根据成分的选择和作用有望成为新的深受欢迎的商品而达到令人欣喜的需求量。
这种需求能否满足取决于活性成分的选择以及为提高活性成分的作用所采用的方法。将要在自动售货机上出售的饮料，其生产成分应当较低，而且其中的成分在售出期间应当是质量稳定的。
另外，国际奥林匹克委员会(IOC)一贯禁止运动员采用药物来人为地提高体力。IOC所列禁用的药物名单已超过120种。肌酸是一种在脊椎动物体内生物合成的氨基酸。体内95-98％的肌酸存在于肌肉中，用于加速肌肉细胞的能量输送，骨骼肌中的高肌酸含量对于连续训练和推延肌肉感觉疲劳的时间是重要的。同样，心脏中的肌酸对任何心脏受力情形中的心肌疲劳均具有防止作用。肌酸不在IOC所列禁用药物之内。在巴塞罗纳奥运会上，注意力的焦点集中在两名使用了肌酸的英国田径运动员分获男子100米决赛和女子400米决赛冠军的效果上。
由于肌酸存在于肌肉中(4g/Kg新鲜肌肉)，人体可以通过摄入肉食来提供肌酸。但是，靠摄入大量的食用肉来保证肌酸的必需供给量成本很高。另外，食用肉中的肌酸含量往往随着储存时间或加热烹调而降低。再有，竞技需要在短时间内增强肌肉时，现有的做法是每天服用两次肌酸溶液，该肌酸溶液是由重1-3g的肌酸片剂或粉剂溶于温水中搅拌10分钟而形成的。但是，由于肌酸在中性水溶液中转化成肌酸酐，而肌酸酐在肌肉细胞中是没有作用的，并且随尿排出，因此，肌酸水溶液不能长时间保存，除非制备后立即服用，否则将失去作用。
本发明是依据上述背景而完成的。本发明的目的在于提供一种含有肌酸作为主要成分的保健饮料，该饮料在保藏期间不会损失肌酸的作用，并能以低成本制备。本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种生产肌酸饮料的生产方法，这种肌酸酸饮料稳定而不会转化为肌酸酐并能有效地用作保健高能或营养型饮料。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种由下述步骤生产的肌酸饮料：加热pH值为7-10的水；按每100cc热水1-3g晶体肌酸的量将晶体肌酸粉末加入到热水中；通过搅拌使肌酸粉末溶解以形成肌酸水溶液；将至少含有果糖、氨基酸、钙、镁以及维生素中一种的添加剂加入到肌酸水溶液中以改善营养或适口性，通过灭菌处理得到肌酸饮料。
根据本发明的另一方面，本发明提供了一种包括以下步骤的肌酸饮料的生产方法：加热pH为7-10的水；按每100cc热水1-3g晶体肌酸的量将晶体肌酸粉末加入到热水中；通过搅拌使肌酸粉末溶解以形成肌酸水溶液；将至少含有果糖、氨基酸、钙、镁以及维生素中一种的添加剂加入到肌酸水溶液中以改善营养或适口性，通过灭菌处理得到肌酸饮料。
通过下述详细说明并参照附图，本发明的性质、原理和实用性将更加明显。
肌酸(N-(氨基亚氨基甲基)-N-甲基甘氨酸；N-脒基肌氨酸；(a-甲基胍基)乙酸；N-甲基-N-脒基甘氨酸；甲基胍基乙酸)是含一分子结晶水的单斜晶，在100℃下释放出水分子变成无水酸。在中性至酸性条件下，肌酸在水溶液中随着时间的推移逐渐分解成肌酸酐。由于在碱性条件下不会发生这种分解，所以肌酸在碱性水溶液中可以保存不会损失其作用。
通过食物摄入供给超过肌肉可能吸收的上限的肌酸量是毫无用处的，而供给量太小又起不到什么补充作用。在本发明中，为了提高人体的吸收作用，同时避免成分的浪费以及尽可能地降低成本，肌酸的量是根据迄今所公布的研究成果确定的，即每一单一剂量的包装容器中肌酸含量为1.0-4.5g。各种添加剂作为营养源有助于肌肉的活化，或者改进饮料的适口性。
肌酸的一个最显著的特征是能够在一种称为肌酸激酶的酶的作用下由肌酸转化为磷酸肌酸。静止时，60-90％的肌酸是以磷酸肌酸分布的。静止时PCr(磷酸肌酸)保持多高的量取决于肌肉收缩活动时所储存的ATP(三磷酸腺苷)的再合成有多快(几乎是立即)。ATP的再合成能力是能否连续活动的关键，而ADP(二磷酸腺苷)的储存量多少取决于剩余PCr的量，所说的ADP由于肌肉收缩活动的停止能够造成促使细胞壁破坏的自由基流出。PCr可以通过在胞内小球中的脂肪和碳水化合物的氧化反应而产生的那些ATP合成得到。肌酸和PCr能够帮助把在胞内小球中产生的能量送到待利用的不同区域处。PCr的量越多，再合成越快，收缩纤维就能使ATP的量保持在高的比例上(ADP是少量的)。但是，当被PCr再合成的能力随着紧张活动的推移开始受到限制时，ADP的量逐渐升高、释放，并且开始出现肌肉变弱(疲劳)现象。在通过供给肌酸而开始工作前PCr的含量高(再合成能力高)，且如果全部的肌酸中的大部分处于能充分运送能量的状态的话，耐力的增强和恢复能力会变高。由供给肌酸而提高的PCr量具有阻止发生在紧张活动中所产生的乳酸酸中毒现象的作用。由于PCr量提高而向尿酸中排泄的ATP减少抑制了自由基的流出，并且消除了紧张活动后的肌肉疲劳。
本发明的肌酸饮料的生产方法将通过具体的实施例来更加详细地说明。起始肌酸是具有如下化学式1所示结构式的化合物的一水合物晶体。可以使用化学产品，如英国Yorkshire的AMS公司生产的“Ergomax C150(商标名)”。产品“Ergomax C150”是固体片剂，而肌酸不溶于水。因此，当使用产品“Ergomax C150”时，必须先将其溶于热水中，然后再饮用该溶解后的溶液。如果直接饮服该片剂(“Ergomax C150”)，片剂中的肌酸在胃中强酸的作用下会转变成为肌酸酐。因此直接饮服片剂(“Ergomax C150”)本身是不可能的。
将一次所用份量纯水或蒸馏水倒入容器中，用普通碱溶液调节到规定的pH7-10，并加热到20-99℃。向该100份重量的温水中加入1-3份重量的肌酸，搅拌溶解。“pH”没有特别的限制，只要是碱性即可，但考虑到对眼球和肠胃道的生理影响，最好不超过pH9。
向如此制得的肌酸水溶液中加入果糖、氨基酸、钙、镁和维生素中至少一种，以改善适口性，增补营养，获得肌酸饮料。为了消除在制备过程中进入细菌，从而防止在储存过程中变质，使所得到的肌酸饮料通过一个孔径为等于或小于0.2μm的细菌过滤器进行灭菌。也可以不用细菌过滤器而是在60-105℃下将所得肌酸饮料加热一段适当的时间(如2秒)。将所说灭菌后的肌酸饮料密封于100-150cc容量的瓶或罐中，得到最终的产品。灭菌后的肌酸饮料可以装入小容器中。100cc制品或150cc制品中的规定肌酸含量分别为1-3g和1.5-4.5g。加热灭菌会使其中的成分发生部分分解或变性，因此不予推荐。
如上所述，本发明的肌酸饮料的生产方法使得以稳定的饮料形式保存和供给肌酸这种能够消除肌肉疲劳、有助于连续锻炼的物质成为可能。由于单装容器中的肌酸含量控制在与可能摄入吸收的上限一致，故制品不会浪费且能降低成本。另外，利用所添加的各种添加剂可以进一步提高肌酸的作用。
表1
上表1给出本发明的结果。其中，样品#1溶液是将2g肌酸和1g酒石酸(C4H6O6)溶于200cc水中并加热此溶解了的液体而得到的；样品#2的溶液是将2g肌酸和2g酒石酸(C4H6O6)溶于200cc水中并加热此溶解了的液体而得到的。由样品#1和化学分析结果清楚地看出肌酸不耐酸，很容易转化成肌酸酐，样品#3和#4的溶液分别是将2g肌酸溶于200cc水中，然后加热此溶解了的液体而得到的。其结果同样表明肌酸是不稳定的，很容易转化成肌酸酐。而实施例#5和#6的溶液是根据本发明将2g肌酸溶于pH调节到8.9的200cc水中，然后加热此溶解液体而成的。由实施例#5和#6的化学分析结果清楚地看出肌酸向肌酸酐的转化受到抑制。另外，实施例#6′是实施例#6的溶液在室温下放置了两个月的溶液。
| 样品 | 肌酸(mg/dl) | 肌酸酐(mg/dl) |
| #1 | 430.0 | 221.0 |
| #2 | 490.0 | 280.0 |
| #3 | 730.0 | 73.8 |
| #4 | 690.0 | 66.3 |
| #5 | 890.0 | 23.9 |
| #6 | 940.0 | 26.1 |
| #6′ | 940.0 | 60.1 |
应当理解，本发明的许多改进和变化对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，这些明显的改进和变化包括在本发明的权利要求范围内。
Claims (9)
1．一种由下述步骤生产的肌酸饮料：
加热pH值为7-10的水；
按每100cc热水1-3g晶体肌酸的量将晶体肌酸粉末加入到热水中；
通过搅拌使肌酸粉末溶解以形成肌酸水溶液；以及
将至少含有果糖、氨基酸、钙、镁和维生素中一种的添加剂加入到肌酸水溶液中以改善营养或适口性，通过灭菌处理得到肌酸饮料。
2．根据权利要求1的肌酸饮料，其中所说的肌酸饮料是装入小容器中的。
3．根据权利要求1的肌酸饮料，其中所说的肌酸饮料是装入罐中的。
4．根据权利要求1的肌酸饮料，其中所说的肌酸饮料是装入瓶中的。
5．一种生产肌酸饮料的方法，该方法包括下述步骤：
加热pH值为7-10的水；
按每100cc热水1-3g晶体肌酸的量将晶体肌酸粉末加入到热水中；
通过搅拌使肌酸粉末溶解以形成肌酸水溶液；以及
将至少含有糖、氨基酸、钙、镁和维生素中的一种的添加剂加入到肌酸水溶液中以改善营养或适口性，通过灭菌处理得到肌酸饮料。
6．根据权利要求5的生产肌酸饮料的方法，其中所说的pH值为7-10的水被加热到20-99℃。
7．根据权利要求5的生产肌酸饮料的方法，其中所说的灭菌处理是通过在60-105℃下加热肌酸水溶液而进行的。
8．根据权利要求5的生产肌酸饮料的方法，其中所说的灭菌处理是采用孔径为0.2μm或小于0.2μm的细菌过滤器进行的。
9．根据权利要求5的生产肌酸饮料的方法，进一步包括将所说的肌酸饮料装入小容器、罐或瓶中的步骤。
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| JP05265794A JP3213666B2 (ja) | 1994-02-28 | 1994-02-28 | クレアチン飲料の製造方法 |
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| JP3213666B2 (ja) * | 1994-02-28 | 2001-10-02 | 治彦 末岡 | クレアチン飲料の製造方法 |
| IT1271687B (it) * | 1994-08-04 | 1997-06-04 | Flamma Spa | Sali organici idrosolubili della creatina |
| US7150880B2 (en) | 1996-05-31 | 2006-12-19 | The Original Creatine Patent Co. Ltd. | Compositions containing creatine and creatinine and a methyl xanthine |
| US8128955B2 (en) | 1996-05-31 | 2012-03-06 | The Original Creatine Patent Company | Food compositions containing creatine |
| GB9611356D0 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1996-08-07 | Howard Alan N | Improvements in or relating to compositions containing Creatine, and other ergogenic compounds |
| US6168802B1 (en) | 1996-05-31 | 2001-01-02 | The Howard Foundation | Compositions containing creatine and aloe vera extract |
| US6524611B2 (en) | 1996-05-31 | 2003-02-25 | The Howard Foundation | Compositions containing creatine and creatinine |
| US6274161B1 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 2001-08-14 | The Howard Foundation | Compositions containing creatine in suspension |
| US5965596A (en) | 1997-08-12 | 1999-10-12 | Harris; Roger | Methods and compositions for increasing the anaerobic working capacity in tissue |
| GB9616910D0 (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1996-09-25 | Dunnett Mark | A method of increasing ›-alanylihistidine pipetide synthesis and accumulation in humans and animals |
| US7504376B2 (en) | 1996-08-12 | 2009-03-17 | Natural Alternatives International | Methods and compositions for increasing the anaerobic working capacity in tissues |
| AU727524B2 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2000-12-14 | Degussa A.G. | Creatine pyruvates and a method of producing them |
| DE19653225A1 (de) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-06-25 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Kreatin-pyruvate und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| US5773473A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1998-06-30 | Green; Jerold L. | Creatine supplement |
| JP3384539B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-05 | 2003-03-10 | 義之 内田 | 喘息治療剤 |
| US5973005A (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 1999-10-26 | Bio-Bontanica, Inc. | Aqueous creatine solution and process of producing a stable, bioavailable aqueous creatine solution |
| US5908864A (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 1999-06-01 | Dymatize Enterprises | Creatine gel |
| US6159942A (en) * | 1998-06-19 | 2000-12-12 | Bioenergy, Inc. | Compositions for increasing energy in vivo |
| US6172114B1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-01-09 | Worldwide Sports Nutritional Supplements, Inc. | Creatine supplement |
| DE19962227A1 (de) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-06-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Kreatin |
| WO2001070238A1 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-09-27 | Lifesmart Nutrition, Inc. | Creatine containing caramel |
| US6399661B1 (en) | 2000-06-26 | 2002-06-04 | Jeffrey M. Golini | Oral creatine supplement and method for making same |
| US8557868B2 (en) | 2000-11-04 | 2013-10-15 | Fxs Ventures, Llc | Ophthalmic and contact lens solutions using low molecular weight amines |
| GB0323240D0 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2003-11-05 | Golini Jeffrey M | Creatine composition and use |
| EP3081215B9 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2020-08-19 | Natural Alternatives International, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the sustained release of beta-alanine |
| CN1321589C (zh) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-06-20 | 北京康比特威创体育新技术发展有限公司 | 一种大豆肽饮料 |
| PL2298090T3 (pl) * | 2009-08-26 | 2016-07-29 | Jeffrey M Golini | Kompozycja farmaceutyczna lub nutraceutyczna |
| CN104080448B (zh) * | 2011-11-10 | 2018-02-13 | 西泽广久 | 肌酸组合物的摄取方法及在该摄取方法中使用的肌酸组合物以及使用所述肌酸组合物制成的含肌酸的药剂及食品 |
| ES2633360T3 (es) * | 2014-04-02 | 2017-09-20 | Alzchem Ag | Matriz de creatina y proteínas así como procedimiento para la producción de esta matriz |
| WO2021041293A1 (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-03-04 | The Coca-Cola Company | Stable creatine beverages |
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