CN106973746A - A kind of method of sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating bar leaf banyan - Google Patents
A kind of method of sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating bar leaf banyan Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating bar leaf banyan.Methods described includes the steps such as forest land selection, the selection of bar leaf banyan seedling, the cultivation of sylvan life bar leaf banyan and management, harvesting, present invention pseudo-wild cultivating bar leaf banyan under the economic forests such as lanceolata forest, hickory nut woods, chestnut wood, Chinese torreya woods, the added value of economic forest can not only be improved, and beautification undergrowth environment can be reached, reach the ecological effect conserved water and soil.In addition, bar leaf banyan is a kind of important auxiliary material for going meat dish greasy, the plant that this effect can be obtained at present is few, with preferable application prospect.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating bar leaf banyan.
(2) background technology
Bar leaf banyan (Ficus pandurata Hance var.angustifolia Cheng) is Moraceae (Moraceae)
Ficus (Ficus) machaka, it is among the people to be referred to as small to climb slope youngster, car pusher and enter stone, bone dragon, spire cow's milk rope etc. are bored, among the people
There is the good reputation of " magical celestial grass ".Bar leaf banyan is distributed in the subtropical zone of the provinces such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang
Area, wild bar leaf banyan growth, with stronger shade tolerance, is suitable for often in the shrubbery of hillside or in pine, China fir sylvan life growth
Planted under the not good environment of sylvan life illumination.Bar leaf banyan is a kind of excellent food and medicament dual-purpose plant.On edible, West Zhejiang Province frequently as
Flavouring, for cooking, particularly when hotting plate trotter, chicken, duck, goose, will clean the root, stem and leaf of the bar leaf banyan after drying, is put into
Together decocted in pot, make dish not only fragrance spread it is tasty but also go it is greasy aid digestion, it is deep to be liked by a person sponging on an aristocrat.Pharmaceutically, bar leaf banyan is also
One of the most frequently used herbal medicine of the She, it is sweet, light, it is warm-natured, have the promoting flow of qi and blood circulation, the activity to strengthening cardiovascular system, is dispelled at antibechic
Phlegm, relievining asthma has remarkable effect, is mainly used in oedema, stomachache, the disease such as rheumatism.Recent research indicate that bar leaf banyan contains substantial amounts of Huang
The mineral elements such as ketone, terpene, flavones, cumarin, lignanoid, sterol, alkaloid, vitamin C, high-quality protein, iron, zinc, have
Antifatigue, nutrition and health care, it is medicinal in terms of effect.But because local resident more early recognizes the edibility of bar leaf banyan,
Eaten when cooking as auxiliary material, or to underselling on food market, so the bar leaf banyan under wild state is dug excessively mostly
Rob a mine, bar leaf banyan wild at present is less.
(3) content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of method of pseudo-wild cultivating bar leaf banyan under suitable economic forest mature forest.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
A kind of method of sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating bar leaf banyan, methods described includes:
(1) forest land is selected:Select lanceolata forest, hickory nut woods, chestnut wood or Chinese torreya woods forest land, upper layer trees canopy density 0.3
To 0.8, low cover coverage 0.1 to 0.3, more than humus thickness 10cm, the content of organic matter >=4%, loosing soil, thoroughly
Gas, moistening, the gradient is on 15~30 degree of gentle slope, and soil types is red soil or yellow-red soil, soil pH value 6.0 to 6.5;
It is right during even at the ripe forest zone sylvan life that canopy density are high, illumination is weak because bar leaf banyan has stronger shade tolerant ability
The growth effect of bar leaf banyan is little.But when the wild undershrub of sylvan life or vigorous liana growth, or sylvan life Litter-fall is more, covering
When thick (such as ripe lanceolata forest), it is necessary to suitably clear up after sylvan life wild plant or Litter-fall, Fang Ke great before bar leaf banyan is transplanted
Scale is planted., can direct culture transferring bar leaf banyan seedling and for the low broad-leaved deciduous forest of canopy density, sylvan life is spacious.
(2) bar leaf banyan seedling selects:More than 2 months cuttage seedings or cuttage vessel seedling are selected, height of seedling is in 10~30 centimetres, root
Tie up to more than 20, no disease and pests harm;
(3) cultivation of sylvan life bar leaf banyan and management:
1. site preparation and sterilization:Pavement is held successfully in plantation sylvan life, is removed miscellaneous filling wood, the rattan of less than 1 meter of height, is held deep 15 successfully
~20cm gutter, planting soil with 2~3 ‰ potassium permanganate decoction sterilization put to 20 days, sprayed with clear water after, for planting
Plant;The planting soil quality composition is as follows:40~50 parts of fertile soil, 20~30 parts of river sand, 8~10 parts of vermiculite, perlite 8~10
Part, aforementioned base materials add 2~3kg/m of slow-release fertilizer again3;
2. culture transferring:By the bar leaf banyan seedling bred in warmhouse booth, transport target economic forest sylvan life to, with 20 × 20cm away from
From being planted, every mu of planting density sprays clear water, 15~28 DEG C of keeping temperature at 2000~5000 plants;, should be by bar before plantation
Leaf banyan container seedling is gently shaken, and culture medium is gone to sticks and staves, and is taken out bar leaf banyan tissue-cultured seedling with tweezers or hand, is taken out in bottle, then
The culture medium on seedling, which is cleaned, to do with clear water just can be planted.
3. manage:Water:After culture transferring in 15 days, or in the period of without rainwater, 1 water need to be manually poured within 2~3 days, soil is improved
Earth, air humidity;Weeding:Artificial weeding is needed, with the pollution for preventing herbicide from bringing;
(4) harvest:Bar leaf banyan plant growth more than 24 months, plant height >=80cm, 8~10, branch, root 8~12 is planted
Strain is stiffening, and substantially, 600~1000 grams of fresh weight can be harvested stipes, and stem is uprooped or cut during harvest and stays root regeneration, mud is shrugged off
Soil, is cleaned up, after weighing with fire drying dry product, after dry product is weighed, enter warehouse put shady place keeping.
It is preferred that, step (3) planting soil quality composition is as follows:45 parts of fertile soil, 25 parts of river sand, 10 parts of vermiculite, perlite
10 parts, aforementioned base materials add slow-release fertilizer 2.5kg/m again3.The slow-release fertilizer is preferably love shellfish fertilising material 18-2-12, and Zhejiang rainbow is got over
Flower corporation, Ltd.
It is preferred that, step (2) the cuttage vessel seedling is obtained by the following method:
(1) selection of time:Mid-March to early April is selected to carry out bar leaf banyan cuttage;
(2) matrix is selected:The river sand of good permeability is selected as cutting medium main component, and adds a small amount of vermiculite and mud
Charcoal, the cutting medium quality composition is as follows:River sand 80~90%, vermiculite 5~10%, peat 5~10%;
(3) environmental selection:Selection carries out exhibition cuttage in warmhouse booth;
(4) cuttings is cut in choosing:More than selection 3 years is raw, bar leaf banyan that more than plant height 80cm is healthy as elite stand, selection is healthy and strong,
Uprightly, the bar leaf banyan branch of semi-lignified, it is unified tiltedly to cut, keep clip to tilt, 15~20cm of length makees cuttings, and cuttings upper end is cut
Mouth is from bud 2cm, and lower end clip can not cut the root body hindered near terminal bud and lower end leaf scar, shear close to 0.5~1cm of leaf scar
Cuttings is first soaked in immersion in the carbendazim solution of 800 times of dilution and carried out after sterilization treatment for 20~30 minutes, then is soaked in dilution
Carry out rooting treatment within 2 hours in 10000 times of GGR taking root liquid basins, finally fill out the positive cuttage of cuttage branch to by cutting medium
In the nursery pond filled, cuttage 10~12cm of depth, 10~15cm of spacing, after the completion of cuttage, water the cuttage base made in nursery pond
Matter is moistened completely;
(5) final-period management:Complete after cuttage work, sprayed water 1 time every 2~3 days in 15 days after inserting, moistened with backsight yellow sand
Situation is sprayed water in good time keeps sufficient moisture in nursery sand basin, and the weeds in cleaning nursery pond in time, and selection meets after 60 days
The bar leaf banyan seedling of condition carries out culture transferring.
Bar leaf banyan whole body is precious, is much of " magical celestial grass ", based on every mu of 4000 plants of plantation bar leaf banyan seedling, using this
After invention standardized planting, bar leaf banyan per mu yield about 100kg after 2 years, by the current about 100 yuan/kg in bar leaf banyan (fresh weight) market price,
Bar leaf banyan forest economy total revenue can reach 10000 yuan.Deduct bar leaf banyan seedling cost (0.4 yuan/plant × 4000 plant=1600
Member), the net benefits of annual underwood planting bar leaf banyan can reach more than 4000 yuan/mu.
Effective effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in:Bar leaf banyan is a kind of shade plant, and cuttage is easily survived, with certain
Economic value.By in ripe economic underwood planting, can not only improve the added value of economic forest, and beautification can be reached
Undergrowth environment, reaches the ecological effect conserved water and soil.In addition, bar leaf banyan is a kind of important auxiliary material for going meat dish greasy, current energy
The plant for obtaining this effect is few, with preferable application prospect.
(4) embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in
This:
Embodiment 1:
1. materials and methods
1.1 (are built by steel pipe skeleton in warmhouse booth, cover polyvinyl chloride plastic film, area about 300m2), nursery
Cuttage bar leaf banyan in the sandy matrix in pond (river sand 90%, vermiculite 5%, peat 5%, w/w).2014 at the beginning of 3 months, by the end of May, August
Just, selected from experimental field life in 3 years, plant height more than 80cm bar leaf banyan as female seedling, selection is healthy and strong, upright, semi-lignified
Bar leaf banyan branch, it is unified tiltedly to cut, cut life in 1 year or 2 years raw branches on the female seedling of bar leaf banyan with secateurs, be further cut into and grow 15
The cuttage bar of~20cm length, keeps having 3~5 buds in cutting, cuttings upper end clip is from bud 2cm, and lower end clip is close to leaf scar 0.5
~1cm, can not cut the root body hindered near terminal bud and lower end leaf scar, and the cuttings sheared is first soaked in the carbendazim of 800 times of dilution
Soak 20~30 minutes and carried out after sterilization treatment in solution, then be soaked in the GGR taking root liquid basins of 10000 times of dilution to enter for 2 hours
Row rooting treatment, the nursery pond (high 0.6m × wide 1m × long 40m) that the same day fills the positive cuttage of cutting to the sandy matrix of river sand
In.
Sprayed water 1 time, sprayed water in good time in holding nursery sand basin with backsight yellow sand Humid Status every 2~3 days in 15 days after inserting
Sufficient moisture, and the weeds in cleaning nursery pond in time.
1.2 at the beginning of 3 months 2014, diameter 8cm, high 12cm non-woven fabrics Seedling bag (basal diameter 8cm × long 12cm,
Material:Non-woven fabrics, the production of Tongcheng City rising sun Su Ye Co., Ltds) in by different ratio (specifically match be shown in Table 1) peat,
Perlite, fertilizer (love shellfish fertilising material, N:P:K=1:1:1, Zhejiang Hongyue Flowers Co., Ltd) carry out bar leaf banyan branch cutting educate
1 cuttage branch is placed in seedling, each non-woven fabrics Seedling bag.After cuttage after 30 days, cuttage survival rate is counted, is then used
The cuttage survival rate of bar leaf banyan under ANOVA variance analysis test different disposals.
Table 1:9 kinds of different substrates proportioning processing
2. result
The growth of 2.1 sandy matrix strips leaf banyans
Table 2:Sandy matrix cuttage bar leaf banyan survives and growing state in nursery pond
Note:It is all to be determined after cuttage in the 50th to the 54th day to survive with growing state, the alphabetical generation of the difference in same row
Table is in p<Significant difference in 0.01 level.
Respectively at 2014 3,5, August carries out 3 cuttages to bar leaf banyan, the results are shown in Table 2.Shown by table 2, since March,
With the postponement of cuttage activity time, the survival rate of bar leaf banyan constantly declines:The survival rate highest of cuttage bar leaf banyan, May at the beginning of 3 months
Bottom is taken second place, (table 2) minimum at the beginning of August.
From root length and root quantitative analysis, the bar leaf banyan seedling of cuttage at the beginning of 3 months takes root quantity and root length is all significantly higher than
The bar leaf banyan growing state (table 2) of other cuttages in 2 months.And in terms of the situation that shoot and spire grow, except the children of cuttage at the beginning of August
Seedling leaf quantity is significantly lower outer, and remaining indicator difference is not notable (table 2).
Bar leaf banyan grows in 2.2 non-woven fabrics Seedling bags
" peat+pearl is significantly higher than using sandy matrix cuttage bar leaf banyan survival rate (71.4%~95.2%) of the invention
Rock+fertilizer " matrix (18.4%~59.8%, table 2, table 3).
As shown in Table 3, the bar leaf banyan children that non-woven fabrics Seedling bag is cultivated is filled using peat, perlite and fertilizer different ratio
There is very big difference in the survival rate of seedling, wherein 3 (peat of formula:Perlite=6:4, fertilizer content 2.5kg/m3) cultivate bar leaf
Banyan seedling percent highest (59.8%), and it is formulated 8 (peat:Perlite=8:2, fertilizer content 2.0kg/m3) cultivate bar leaf
Banyan seedling percent is minimum (18.4%, table 3).
Table 3:The bar leaf banyan survival rate of 9 kinds of different ratio matrix
Bar leaf banyan seedling percent lowers as perlite ratio lowers:Peat:Perlite=6:4 formula (formula
1,2,3) seedling percent is in 43.7%~59.8%, peat:Perlite=7:3 formula (formula 4,5,6) seedling percent
In 25.3%~43.7%, peat:Perlite=8:2 formula (formula 7,8,9) seedling percent is 18.4%~27.2%
(table 3).
3. discuss
In sandy Medium Culture, the survival rate of cuttage branch is up to 95.2% by the end of March, and root growing way preferably, is taken second place by the end of May,
Cuttage survival rate is 85.2%, minimum by the end of August, and cuttage survival rate is 71.4%, and radical and blade quantity are all minimum, with China
The conclusion of the cuttage bar leaf banyan branch survival rate such as Jin Wei is consistent.This may be relevant with the adaptation of deciduous plant environment to external world, falls
Leaf and nutriment is stored on branch is a kind of strategy of low-temperature resistance of deciduous plant, so in spring cuttage, because of branch
Nutrient content is high, and the nutriment that later stage plant is in storage in growth busy season, branch is gradually lowered, and cutting experiment is not so good as
Spring is good.
Embodiment 2:Interplanting technique promotes classical case
Management body:Suichang County Hu Shanlinchang
(1) forest land is selected:The Ping Feng villages chestnut wood sylvan life of Suichang County lake mountain area, the lanceolata forest sylvan life of Cheung On Est. and Hu Shanlinchang
Each 1 of the Chinese torreya woods sylvan life in shore crow small stream river storehouse, arbor canopy density 0.5 or so, vegetation coverage 0.2 or so, height above sea level 200~
500 meters, soil thickness >=40cm, the change acid soil (pH containing a large amount of humus:6.0~6.5), the gradient 10~35 ° it
Between, the content of organic matter >=4%, loosing soil, ventilative, moistening.
(2) bar leaf banyan seedling selects:At the beginning of 3 months 2014, in lake mountain forest nursery base, according to the method for embodiment 1, lead to
The strain of cutting propagation bar leaf banyan seedling more than 100,000 is crossed, seedling selection standard is:Root length is more than 30cm, and radical amount is no less than 10, branch
The long bar leaf banyan seedling more than 15cm.
(3) cultivation of sylvan life bar leaf banyan and management:
1. site preparation:Promote before bar leaf banyan underwood planting, the necessary tending of woods has been carried out to this 3 forests, particularly
The Litter-fall of lanceolata forest sylvan life has been subjected to appropriate cleaning, pavement is held successfully in plantation sylvan life, deep 15~20cm gutter is held successfully,
Planting soil with 3 ‰ potassium permanganate decoction sterilization put to 20 days, sprayed with clear water after, for planting;The planting soil is by as follows
Proportioning is prepared:Fertile soil 45kg, river sand 25kg, vermiculite 10kg, perlite 10kg, 2.5kg/m is added after aforementioned base materials mixing again3
Slow-release fertilizer (Ai Beishi slow-release fertilizer 18-2-12, Zhejiang Hongyue Flowers Co., Ltd).
2. culture transferring:Because mountain area is manually watered difficulty, in the first tenday period of a month in May, 2014, the season having plenty of rain, by warmhouse booth
The bar leaf banyan seedling inside bred, is transported to target economic forest sylvan life, is planted with 20 × 20cm distance, every mu of planting density exists
4000 plants.
3. manage:Complete after sylvan life culture transferring, moderately water, to keep the appropriateness of soil;Arrangement special messenger per week checks bar
Leaf banyan seedling growth, finds dead plant, reseeds in time;Meanwhile, check the situation of taking root for being inserted directly into soil bar leaf banyan sprig.
(4) harvest and sell:In October, 2016, the bar leaf banyan grown fine under 3 forests is tapped, suitably
Leave a certain amount of or sprig, and the timely earthing of soil is reduced, plant again, pour permeable, allow its continued growth.It will receive
The bar leaf banyan obtained pushes food market to, is sold with 5 yuan/50 grams of price, or sold with 80~100 yuan/kg purchasing price.It is average
Per mu yield about 100kg, bar leaf banyan forest economy total revenue can reach 8000~10000 yuan/mu, deduct bar leaf banyan seedling cost
(0.4 yuan/plant × 4000 plant=1600 yuan), the net benefits of annual underwood planting bar leaf banyan can reach more than 4000 yuan/mu.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method of sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating bar leaf banyan, methods described includes:
(1) forest land is selected:Select lanceolata forest, hickory nut woods, chestnut wood or Chinese torreya woods forest land, upper layer trees canopy density 0.3 to
0.8, low cover coverage 0.1 to 0.3, more than humus thickness 10cm, the content of organic matter >=4%, loosing soil, it is ventilative,
Moistening, the gradient is on 15~30 degree of gentle slope, and soil types is red soil or yellow-red soil, soil pH value 6.0 to 6.5;
(2) bar leaf banyan seedling selects:More than 2 months cuttage seedings or cuttage vessel seedling are selected, height of seedling is at 10~30 centimetres, and root system exists
More than 20, no disease and pests harm;
(3) cultivation of sylvan life bar leaf banyan and management:
1. site preparation and sterilization:Pavement is held successfully in plantation sylvan life, removes miscellaneous filling wood, the rattan of less than 1 meter of height, hold deep 15 successfully~
20cm gutter, planting soil with 2~3 ‰ potassium permanganate decoction sterilization put to 20 days, sprayed with clear water after, for planting;
The planting soil quality composition is as follows:Fertile soil 40~50%, 20~30 parts of river sand, 8~10 parts of vermiculite, 8~10 parts of perlite,
2~3kg/m of slow-release fertilizer3;
2. culture transferring:By the bar leaf banyan seedling bred in warmhouse booth, transport target economic forest sylvan life to, entered with 20 × 20cm distance
Row plantation, every mu of planting density sprays clear water, 15~28 DEG C of keeping temperature at 2000~5000 plants;
3. manage:Water:After culture transferring in 15 days, or in the period of without rainwater, 1 water need to be manually poured within 2~3 days, soil, sky is improved
Air humidity degree;Weeding:Artificial weeding is needed, with the pollution for preventing herbicide from bringing;
(4) harvest:Bar leaf banyan plant growth more than 24 months, plant height >=80cm, 8~10, branch, root 8~12, plant is hard
Very, substantially, 600~1000 grams of fresh weight can be harvested stipes, and stem is uprooped or cut during harvest and stays root regeneration, soil is shrugged off, clearly
Wash clean, after weighing with fire drying dry product, after dry product is weighed, enter warehouse put shady place keeping.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) the cuttage vessel seedling is obtained by the following method:
(1) selection of time:First arrival early April in March is selected to carry out bar leaf banyan cuttage;
(2) matrix is selected:The river sand of good permeability is selected as cutting medium main component, and adds a small amount of vermiculite and peat,
The cutting medium quality composition is as follows:River sand 80~90%, vermiculite 5~10%, peat 5~10%;
(3) environmental selection:Selection carries out exhibition cuttage in warmhouse booth;
(4) cuttings is cut in choosing:More than selection 3 years is raw, bar leaf banyan that more than plant height 80cm is healthy as elite stand, selection is healthy and strong, upright,
The bar leaf banyan branch of semi-lignified, it is unified tiltedly to cut, keep clip to tilt, 15~20cm of length makees cuttings, cuttings upper end clip from
Bud 2cm, lower end clip can not cut the root body hindered near terminal bud and lower end leaf scar, the cuttings sheared close to 0.5~1cm of leaf scar
First it is soaked in immersion in the carbendazim solution of 800 times of dilution to carry out after sterilization treatment for 20~30 minutes, then is soaked in dilution 10000
Rooting treatment is carried out within 2 hours in GGR taking root liquid basins again, finally by the positive cuttage of cuttage branch to educating for being filled by cutting medium
Miao Chizhong, cuttage 10~12cm of depth, 10~15cm of spacing, after the completion of cuttage, watering makes the cutting medium in nursery pond complete
Moistening;
(5) final-period management:Complete after cuttage work, sprayed water 1 time every 2~3 days in 15 days after inserting, with backsight yellow sand Humid Status
Water spray keeps moisture sufficient in nursery sand basin, and the weeds in cleaning nursery pond in time in good time, selects eligible after 60 days
Bar leaf banyan seedling carry out culture transferring.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) planting soil quality composition is as follows:45 parts of fertile soil, river
It is husky 25 parts, 10 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of perlite, slow-release fertilizer 2.5kg/m3。
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CN109041847A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-21 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of method of Common zenia bearing tree childrenization rejuvenation and asexual multiplication seedling |
CN110476687A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-11-22 | 广东德康中药发展有限公司 | A kind of method of the hayashishita gradient planting Flos Ilicis Asprellae of green ecological |
CN110558065A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-12-13 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | Rapid cutting seedling raising method for ficus microcarpa |
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Application publication date: 20170725 |