CN106795311B - 发泡体、叠层体和成型体 - Google Patents

发泡体、叠层体和成型体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106795311B
CN106795311B CN201580047691.3A CN201580047691A CN106795311B CN 106795311 B CN106795311 B CN 106795311B CN 201580047691 A CN201580047691 A CN 201580047691A CN 106795311 B CN106795311 B CN 106795311B
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foam
less
elongation
jis
measured
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CN106795311A (zh
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宇野拓明
三上洋辉
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的发泡体是密度为0.036g/cc以上且小于0.133g/cc的发泡体,依照JIS K6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率(%)为150%以上,该断裂点伸长率(%)乘以依照JIS K6251在160℃下测定的100%模量(MPa)而得的值为7以上,发泡体的交联度为30~50%。

Description

发泡体、叠层体和成型体
技术领域
本发明涉及发泡体,更详细而言,涉及使发泡性组合物交联并且发泡而成的交联聚烯烃系树脂发泡体。
背景技术
交联聚烯烃系树脂发泡体作为绝热材料、缓冲材料等被普遍使用。特别是在汽车领域,作为顶棚材料、车门、仪表面板等车辆用内饰材料而被使用。通常,这些车辆用内饰材料是通过真空成型、压缩成型等将片状的交联聚烯烃系树脂发泡体二次加工从而被成型为规定的形状。此外,交联聚烯烃系树脂发泡体作为贴合了聚氯乙烯树脂、热塑性弹性体等树脂或弹性体片、天然或人造的布状物等片状材料而成的叠层体而被广泛使用。
人们已知各种作为车辆用内饰材料使用的交联聚烯烃系树脂发泡体,例如,已知为了提高成型加工性、耐热性,由混合了DSC峰温度为160℃以上的、包含均聚丙烯或乙烯-丙烯无规共聚物的聚丙烯系树脂(A)、包含乙烯-丙烯无规共聚物等的聚丙烯系树脂(B)、和聚乙烯系树脂(C)这3种树脂的树脂组合物而形成的发泡体(例如,参照专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特许第5217164号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
另外,近年来,车辆用内饰材料要求高的设计性,人们已经研究对贴合在发泡体上的片状材料添加复杂的花纹。例如,以往,在真空成型中阳模成型是主流,但为了提高设计性,人们开始研究通过阴模来进行成型。在阴模成型中,在将包含发泡体和片状材料的叠层体进行成型的情况下,片状材料配置在模具侧,因此在模具中形成的凹凸花纹容易正确地转印到片状材料上。
然而,为了将模具上的凹凸花纹正确地转印到片状材料上,需要提高成型温度,例如,要求在160℃以上的成型。通常,发泡体如果被加热到160℃以上,则超过成为发泡体的主成分的聚丙烯的熔点,因此在真空成型时,发泡体有时会破裂。
本发明是鉴于以上的问题点而提出的,其课题在于,即使在提高将发泡体成型为成型体时的成型温度这样的情况下,也可以防止发泡体的破裂等,使成型性良好。
用于解决课题的方法
本发明者们进行了深入研究,结果发现,通过将交联度调整到规定范围,并且使160℃断裂点伸长率(%)、和160℃断裂点伸长率(%)乘以160℃下的100%模量(MPa)而得的值(SS系数)中的任一个都增大,能够解决上述课题,从而完成了以下的本发明。
即,本发明提供以下的(1)~(16)。
(1)一种发泡体,密度为0.036g/cc以上且小于0.133g/cc,依照JIS K6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率(%)为150%以上,
该断裂点伸长率(%)乘以依照JIS K6251在160℃下测定的100%模量(MPa)而得的值为7以上,该发泡体的交联度为30~50%。
(2)根据上述(1)所述的发泡体,其密度为0.036g/cc以上且小于0.044g/cc,依照JIS K6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率(%)为150%以上,
该断裂点伸长率(%)乘以依照JIS K6251在160℃下测定的100%模量(MPa)而得的值为7以上。
(3)根据上述(1)所述的发泡体,其密度为0.044g/cc以上且小于0.057g/cc,依照JIS K6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率(%)为170%以上,
该断裂点伸长率(%)乘以依照JIS K6251在160℃下测定的100%模量(MPa)而得的值为8以上。
(4)根据上述(1)所述的发泡体,其密度为0.057g/cc以上且小于0.077g/cc,依照JIS K6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率(%)为200%以上,
该断裂点伸长率(%)乘以依照JIS K6251在160℃下测定的100%模量(MPa)而得的值为10以上。
(5)根据上述(1)所述的发泡体,其密度为0.077g/cc以上且小于0.133g/cc,依照JIS K6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率(%)为250%以上,
该断裂点伸长率(%)乘以依照JIS K6251在160℃下测定的100%模量(MPa)而得的值为15以上。
(6)根据上述(1)~(5)中任一项所述的发泡体,其是使发泡性组合物交联并且发泡而得的发泡体,所述发泡性组合物含有均聚丙烯(A)、无规聚丙烯(B)、和线状低密度聚乙烯(C),所述均聚丙烯(A)相对于发泡性组合物中的树脂成分总量为10~60质量%,并且该均聚丙烯(A)的熔体流动速率为2.5~20g/10分钟。
(7)根据上述(6)所述的发泡体,前述均聚丙烯(A)的熔体流动速率为6~12g/10分钟。
(8)根据上述(6)或(7)所述的发泡体,前述发泡性组合物以相对于前述均聚丙烯(A)为0.16~8的质量比含有前述无规聚丙烯(B),并且以相对于所述均聚丙烯(A)为0.16~8的质量比含有所述线状低密度聚乙烯(C)。
(9)根据上述(6)~(8)中任一项所述的发泡体,以相对于组合物中的树脂成分总量为10质量%以上且小于20质量%的量前述均聚丙烯(A)。
(10)根据上述(9)所述的发泡体,前述发泡性组合物以相对于前述均聚丙烯(A)为1.6~5的质量比含有前述无规聚丙烯(B),并且以相对于前述均聚丙烯(A)为1.6~5的质量比含有前述线状低密度聚乙烯(C)。
(11)根据上述(6)~(10)中任一项所述的发泡体,前述无规聚丙烯(B)的熔体流动速率为0.4~2.0g/10分钟,并且前述线状低密度聚乙烯(C)的熔体流动速率为1.5~15g/10分钟。
(12)根据上述(6)~(11)中任一项所述的发泡体,前述无规聚丙烯(B)为乙烯-丙烯无规共聚物。
(13)根据上述(1)~(12)中任一项所述的发泡体,厚度为0.5~5.0mm且是片状的。
(14)一种叠层体,其具备上述(1)~(13)中任一项所述的发泡体和叠层在该发泡体的片状材料。
(15)一种成型体,其是将上述(1)~(13)中任一项所述的发泡体、或上述(14)所述的叠层体成型而获得的。
(16)一种成型体,其是将上述(14)所述的叠层体成型而获得的,前述片状材料表面带有凹凸。
发明效果
根据本发明,即使在提高将发泡体成型为成型体时的成型温度这样的情况下,也可以防止成型时发泡体的破裂等,使成型性良好。
具体实施方式
以下通过使用以下实施方式来进一步详细地说明本发明。
<发泡体>
本发明中的发泡体是密度为0.036g/cc以上且小于0.133g/cc的发泡体,依照JISK6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率(%)为150%以上,且该断裂点伸长率(%)乘以依照JISK6251在160℃下测定的100%模量(MPa)而得的值(以下也称为“SS系数”)为7以上。
本发泡体通过使密度处于规定范围,并且如上所述提高断裂伸长率和SS系数,从而成为即使在高温(例如,160℃以上)下成型发泡体也不容易产生破裂等、适合成型为车辆用内饰材料等各种成型体的发泡体。
另一方面,如果160℃断裂点伸长率(%)小于150%、或者SS系数小于7,则在使发泡体在高温下成型为成型体时,发泡体产生破裂等,难以使成型性良好。此外,如果密度小于0.036g/cc、或者比0.133g/cc高,则难以获得柔软性、机械强度等车辆用内饰材料等成型体所要求的物性。
此外,160℃断裂点伸长率和SS系数不特别限定,但是从制造的容易性等观点出发,优选它们分别为400%以下、30以下。
在本发明中,发泡体的交联度为30~50%。如果发泡体的交联度小于30%,则发泡体的机械强度下降、SS系数变低,因此成型时产生破裂、或者发泡体的成型性变得不好。此外,有时对后述的发泡性组合物的发泡不能赋予必要的剪切粘度。
另一方面,如果交联度超过50%,则发泡体的伸缩性、拉伸强度降低,容易产生不能依照模具正确地成型出成型体、或者产生破裂等不良。此外,发泡性组合物的剪切粘度变得过高,发泡性下降,难以获得发泡倍率高的发泡体,同时发泡体的外观性有时会下降。
需要说明的是,交联度是利用实施例所述的方法,获取溶剂不溶解成分,求出试验片的重量A和不溶解成分的重量B,通过下述式算出的。
交联度(重量%)=(B/A)×100
从使发泡体的成型性、机械特性更加良好的观点出发,发泡体的交联度优选为32~48%,更优选为35~45%。
此外,发泡体优选为片状。发泡体的具体的厚度优选为0.5~5.0mm,更优选为1~4mm左右。如果厚度处于这些范围,则通过将发泡体真空成型等,容易成型为车辆用内饰材料。
发泡体在成型时,随着发泡体的密度不同,断裂伸长度、模量等机械物性的最适值不同。例如,在密度为0.036g/cc以上且小于0.044g/cc的低密度的发泡体中,优选依照JISK6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率(%)为150%以上,同时SS系数为7以上。
在上述那样的低密度的发泡体中,能够通过比较弱的力进行成型,因此不需要使断裂点伸长率、SS强度提高到那样高,如果断裂点伸长率、SS系数为上述的值以上,则可获得充分的成型性。此外,通过使用例如后述的发泡体组合物,从而即使是低密度的发泡体,也能够容易地制造具有这些断裂点伸长率和SS系数的发泡体。
从同时实现制造的容易性和成型性的观点出发,更优选在上述低密度的发泡体中,断裂点伸长率为160~240%,同时SS系数为7.5~15左右。
在密度为0.044g/cc以上且小于0.057g/cc的中低密度的发泡体中,优选依照JISK6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率(%)为170%以上,同时上述SS系数为8以上。在中低密度的发泡体中,通过使断裂点伸长率、SS系数为这些下限值以上,可获得充分的成型性。此外,通过使用例如后述的发泡性组合物,从而容易使中低密度的发泡体的断裂点伸长率和SS系数为这些下限值以上。此外,从同时实现成型性和制造的容易性的观点出发,在上述中低密度的发泡体中,更优选断裂点伸长率为180~300%,同时SS系数为8.5~20左右。
在密度为0.057g/cc以上且小于0.077g/cc的中高密度的发泡体中,优选依照JISK6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率(%)为200%以上,同时SS系数为10以上。在中高密度的发泡体中,通过使断裂点伸长率、SS系数为这些下限值以上,能够获得充分的成型性,同时通过使用例如后述的发泡性组合物,容易使断裂点伸长率和SS系数为这些下限值以上。此外,从同时实现成型性和制造的容易性的观点出发,在该中高密度的发泡体中,更优选断裂点伸长率为220~360%,同时SS系数为12~25左右。
此外,在密度为0.077g/cc以上且小于0.133g/cc的高密度的发泡体中,更优选依照JIS K6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率(%)为250%以上,同时SS系数为15以上。在高密度的发泡体中,为了使成型性良好,需要使断裂点伸长率和SS系数较大,但通过使它们为这些下限值以上,可获得充分的成型性。此外,通过使用例如后述的发泡性组合物,从而能够容易地使高密度的发泡体的断裂点伸长率和SS系数为这些下限值以上。此外,从同时实现成型性和制造的容易性的观点出发,上述高密度的发泡体更优选断裂点伸长率为300~400%,同时SS系数为15~30左右。
<发泡性组合物>
本发明的发泡体是使发泡性组合物交联并且发泡而成的。发泡体是例如,交联聚烯烃系树脂发泡体。用于获得交联聚烯烃系树脂发泡体的发泡性组合物包含例如,均聚丙烯(A)、无规聚丙烯(B)、和线状低密度聚乙烯(C)。发泡性组合物通过含有这些(A)~(C)成分且使(A)成分的量为后述的规定量,从而容易使发泡体的160℃断裂点伸长率(%)和SS系数为上述的规定值以上。
以下针对发泡性组合物中使用的(A)~(C)成分进行说明。
[(A)成分]
均聚丙烯(A)是丙烯均聚物,其熔体流动速率(以下也称为“MFR”)优选为2.5~20g/10分钟。通过使均聚丙烯(A)的MFR为2.5g/10分钟以上且20g/10分钟以下,能够使树脂的流动性变得良好,另一方面,防止树脂的流动性变得过高,使将发泡性组合物加工为发泡体时的加工性变得良好。因此,能够使例如在发泡体的表面产生粗糙、或者难以将发泡性组合物加工为片状的发泡体这些情况得到防止。
从使上述加工性良好的观点出发,均聚丙烯(A)的MFR优选为4~16g/10分钟,更优选为6~12g/10分钟。
优选发泡性组合物中含有相对于发泡性组合物中含有的树脂成分总量为10~60质量%的均聚丙烯(A)。通过使均聚丙烯(A)为10质量%以上,从而发泡体的机械强度、和上述SS系数变高,在成型时不容易发生成型体破裂等。此外,通过使含量为60质量%以下,从而发泡体的拉伸强度、和伸缩性等变高,成型体容易按照模具正确地成型,且不容易产生破裂等不良。
均聚丙烯(A)相对于树脂成分总量优选为10~40质量%,更优选为10质量%以上且小于20质量%。在本发明中,通过使(A)成分的含量较少,从而使由发泡性组合物加工成发泡体的加工性良好,并且发泡体的拉伸强度和SS系数中的任一个均更加良好,成型性容易变得优异。
[(B)、(C)成分]
无规聚丙烯(B)是使丙烯、和除了丙烯以外的α-烯烃进行无规共聚而得的共聚物。作为除了丙烯以外的α-烯烃,可举出碳原子数为2的乙烯、或1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯等碳原子数为4~10左右的α-烯烃,其中,从成型性和耐热性的观点出发,优选乙烯。即,无规聚丙烯(B)优选为乙烯-丙烯无规共聚物。
此外,在共聚物中,α-烯烃可以单独或组合两种以上使用。此外,作为(B)成分,可以使用两种以上的无规聚丙烯的混合物。
无规聚丙烯(B)优选是使50重量%以上且小于100重量%的丙烯、50重量%以下的除了丙烯以外的α-烯烃共聚而得到的。在此,相对于构成共聚物的全部单体成分,更优选丙烯为80~99.9重量%,除了丙烯以外的α-烯烃为0.1~20质量%;进一步优选丙烯为90~99.5重量%,除了丙烯以外的α-烯烃为0.5~10质量%;更进一步优选丙烯为95~99重量%,除了丙烯以外的α-烯烃为1~5质量%。
线状低密度聚乙烯(C)是密度为0.910g/cm3以上且小于0.950g/cm3的聚乙烯,优选是密度为0.910~0.930g/cm3的聚乙烯。发泡体通过除了含有上述(A)(B)成分以外,还含有密度低的线状低密度聚乙烯(C),能够使将发泡性组合物加工为发泡体时的加工性变好。此外,上述断裂点伸长率和SS系数变为合适的值,将发泡体成型为成型体时的成型性等容易变好。
通常,线状低密度聚乙烯(C)是以乙烯为主成分(全部单体的50质量%以上,优选为70质量%以上)的、乙烯与少量的α-烯烃的共聚物。在此,作为α-烯烃,可举出碳原子数为3~12、优选碳原子数为4~10的α-烯烃,具体而言,可举出1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯等。
关于发泡性组合物,相对于上述(A)成分,优选以0.16~8的质量比含有无规聚丙烯(B)、以0.16~8的质量比含有线状低密度聚乙烯(C),更优选以1.6~5的质量比含有无规聚丙烯(B)、以1.6~5的质量比含有线状低密度聚乙烯(C)。进而,发泡性组合物进一步优选相对于上述(A)成分,以2.5~4.5的质量比含有无规聚丙烯(B)、以1.5~4.0的质量比含有线状低密度聚乙烯(C),此外,(B)成分的含量(质量)最好比(C)成分高。在本发明中,通过使(B)(C)成分处于以上的范围,从而加工成上述发泡体时的加工性变得良好。此外,断裂点伸长率和SS系数容易变高,容易使发泡体的成型性等变好。
此外,无规聚丙烯(B)相对于树脂成分总量优选为5~80质量%,更优选为15~60质量%,进一步优选为40~60质量%。线状低密度聚乙烯(C)相对于树脂成分总量优选为5~80质量%,更优选为15~60质量%,进一步优选为20~40质量%。
此外,优选无规聚丙烯(B)的MFR为0.4~2.0g/10分钟,同时线状低密度聚乙烯(C)的MFR为1.5~15g/10分钟。此外,更优选(B)成分的MFR为0.5~1.5g/10分钟,同时(C)成分的MFR为2~12g/10分钟。在本发明中,如上所述,通过除了调整(A)成分的MFR以外,还调整(B)、(C)成分的MFR,从而容易使上述发泡性组合物制成发泡体时的加工性和发泡体的成型性等更优异。
[其它成分]
发泡性组合物可以仅含有作为树脂成分的(A)、(B)、和(C)成分,但只要在不损害本发明的目的的范围内,就还可以含有除了(A)、(B)、(C)成分以外的树脂成分。作为除了(A)、(B)、(C)成分以外的树脂成分,可举出高密度聚乙烯等除了上述(C)成分以外的聚乙烯、乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物、改性聚丙烯树脂等除了上述(A)、(B)成分以外的聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯橡胶(EPM)、乙烯-丙烯橡胶-二烯橡胶(EPDM)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、或使它们与马来酸酐共聚而得的改性共聚物等。作为除了(A)、(B)、(C)成分以外的树脂成分,相对于树脂成分总量,通常含有30质量%以下,优选含有10质量%以下。
<添加剂>
发泡性组合物通常含有作为添加剂的发泡剂,此外,优选含有交联助剂和抗氧化剂中的一者或两者。
(发泡剂)
作为发泡剂,使用热分解型发泡剂,可以使用例如分解温度为160~270℃左右的有机系或无机系的化学发泡剂。
作为有机系发泡剂,可举出偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二甲酸金属盐(偶氮二甲酸钡等)、偶氮二异丁腈等偶氮化合物、N,N’-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺等亚硝基化合物、亚肼基二甲酰胺、4,4’-氧代双(苯磺酰肼)、甲苯磺酰肼等肼衍生物、甲苯磺酰氨基脲等氨基脲化合物等。
作为无机系发泡剂,可举出酸铵、碳酸钠、碳酸氢铵、碳酸氢钠、亚硝酸铵、硼氢化钠、柠檬酸酐单钠等。
其中,从获得微细的气泡的观点、和经济性、安全面的观点出发,优选偶氮化合物、亚硝基化合物,更优选偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、N,N’-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺,特别优选偶氮二甲酰胺。这些热分解型发泡剂可以单独使用或组合两种以上使用。
为了能够在不使发泡体的气泡破裂的情况下适当地进行发泡,热分解型发泡剂的添加量相对于树脂成分100质量份优选为1~30质量份,更优选为2~15质量份。
(交联助剂)
作为交联助剂,可以使用多官能单体。可举出例如,三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯等3官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯系化合物;偏苯三甲酸三烯丙基酯、1,2,4-苯三甲酸三烯丙基酯、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯等1分子中具有3个官能团的化合物;1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,9-壬二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,10-癸二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯等2官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯系化合物、二乙烯基苯等1分子中具有2个官能团的化合物;邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯、对苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯、间苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯、乙基乙烯基苯、甲基丙烯酸月桂基酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂基酯等。交联助剂可以单独或组合两种以上使用。其中,更优选3官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯系化合物。
通过将交联助剂添加到发泡性组合物中,能够以少的电离性放射线量使发泡性组合物交联。因此,可以防止伴随照射电离性放射线而发生的各树脂分子的切断、劣化。
交联助剂的含量相对于树脂成分100质量份优选为0.2~20质量份,更优选为0.5~15质量份。如果该含量为0.2质量份以上,则在将发泡性组合物进行发泡时,容易调整到期望的交联度。此外,如果该含量为20重量份以下,则容易控制赋予发泡性组合物的交联度。
(抗氧化剂)
作为抗氧化剂,可举出酚系抗氧化剂、硫系抗氧化剂、磷系抗氧化剂、胺系抗氧化剂等,其中,优选为酚系抗氧化剂、硫系抗氧化剂,更优选将酚系抗氧化剂和硫系抗氧化剂组合使用。
例如,作为酚系抗氧化剂,可举出2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、正十八烷基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯、2-叔丁基-6-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-甲基苯甲基)-4-甲基苯基丙烯酸酯、四[亚甲基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]甲烷等。这些酚系抗氧化剂可以单独使用,也可以并用两种以上。
此外,作为硫系抗氧化剂,可举出例如,硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯、硫代二丙酸二肉豆蔻基酯、硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯、季戊四醇四(3-月桂基硫代丙酸酯)等。这些硫系抗氧化剂可以单独使用,也可以并用两种以上。
抗氧化剂的含量相对于树脂成分100质量份优选为0.1~10质量份,更优选为0.2~5质量份。
此外,发泡体组合物可以根据需要含有氧化锌、硬脂酸锌、尿素等分解温度调整剂、阻燃剂、金属危害防止剂、抗静电剂、稳定剂、填充剂、颜料等上述以外的添加剂。
<发泡体的制造方法>
发泡体可以通过例如使含有(A)、(B)、(C)成分、根据需要配合的其他树脂成分、和热分解型发泡剂等添加剂的发泡性组合物进行交联,使交联度为30~50%,然后使其加热发泡而制造。具体而言,通过具有以下的工序(1)~(3)的方法来制造在工业上是有利的。
工序(1):将包含热分解型发泡剂的发泡性组合物的各成分供给到混炼装置,以小于热分解型发泡剂的分解温度的温度进行熔融、混炼,然后制成片状等期望形状的发泡性组合物的工序。
工序(2):对由工序(1)获得的发泡性组合物照射电离性放射线,进行交联使交联度为30~50%的工序。
工序(3):将通过工序(2)进行了交联的发泡性组合物加热到发泡剂的分解温度以上,使其发泡,从而获得发泡体的工序。
作为上述工序(1)中的混炼装置,可举出例如,单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机等挤出机、班伯里混合机、辊等通用混炼装置等,优选为挤出机。
此外,作为在工序(2)中使用的电离性放射线,可举出α射线、β射线、γ射线、电子束等,优选为电子束。电离性放射线的照射量只要可以获得期望的交联度即可,但优选为0.1~10Mrad,更优选为0.2~5Mrad,进一步优选为0.5~3Mrad。电离性放射线的照射量受(A)、(B)、(C)成分的比率、添加剂等的影响,因此通常一边测定交联度一边调整照射量。
在工序(3)中,使发泡性组合物加热发泡的温度根据作为发泡剂使用的热分解型发泡剂的分解温度而定,通常为140~300℃,优选为150~260℃。此外,在工序(3)中,发泡体可以在发泡后、或在发泡的同时沿着MD方向或CD方向中的任一方或双方被拉伸。
[叠层体]
本发明的叠层体是具备发泡体、和叠层在该发泡体上的片状材料的叠层体。在叠层体中,发泡体是片状的,而且片状材料通常与发泡体粘接。作为片状材料,可举出树脂片、热塑性弹性体片、布帛等,在将叠层体用于车辆用内饰材料的情况下,优选使用聚氯乙烯片、包含聚氯乙烯与ABS树脂的混合树脂的树脂片、热塑性弹性体片、机织物、针织物、无纺布、皮革、人工皮革、合成皮革等各种布帛。在将叠层体成型为成型体时,优选将这些片状材料配置在成型体的表面。
此外,在叠层体中,上述片状材料可以设置在发泡体的仅一面上,也可以设置在两面上。例如,在将叠层体用于车辆用内饰材料的情况下,可以在发泡体的一面上叠层上述树脂片、热塑性弹性体片、布帛,并且在另一面上配置由聚乙烯、聚丙烯等形成的树脂片。
[成型体]
在本发明中,上述发泡体或叠层体能够通过公知的方法被成型、成为成型体。作为成型方法,可举出真空成型、压缩成型、冲压成型等,其中,优选真空成型。此外,真空成型有阳模真空成型、阴模真空成型,但优选阴模真空成型。
此外,在成型体是将具有片状材料的叠层体成型而得的情况下,优选对片状材料的表面赋予凹凸。通常,凹凸是在成型时将模具的表面的凹凸转印而成的,此时,优选成型体是通过阴模真空成型成型的。
成型体被用作绝热材料、缓冲材料等,优选在汽车领域中作为顶棚材料、车门、仪表面板等车辆用内饰材料使用。
实施例
以下通过实施例进一步详细地说明本发明,但本发明不受这些例子的任何限定。
各物性的测定方法、和发泡体的评价方法如下。
(1)交联度
从发泡体取约100mg的试验片,精密称量试验片的重量A(mg)。接着,将该试验片浸渍于120℃的二甲苯30cm3中,进行24小时放置,然后利用200目的金属网进行过滤,取金属网上的不溶解成分,进行真空干燥,精密称量不溶解成分的重量B(mg)。通过下述式,从所得的值算出交联度(重量%)。
交联度(重量%)=100×(B/A)
(2)MFR
MFR是依据JIS K7210在如下条件下测定的值,聚丙烯是在温度230℃、荷重2.16kgf的条件下,聚乙烯是在温度190℃、荷重2.16kgf的条件下。
(3)密度
发泡体的密度是依据JIS K7222测定的。此外,各树脂成分的密度是依据JISK7112测定的。
(4)断裂点伸长率、100%模量
断裂点伸长率和100%模量是在160℃下、依据JIS K6251所述的方法测定的值。
(5)片加工性
针对由各实施例、比较例获得的发泡片,根据以下的评价基准进行评价,确认在将发泡性组合物加工为发泡片时的加工性。
A:表面不粗糙,表面状态良好。
B:表面轻微粗糙,但在实用上没问题。
C:表面粗糙,在实用上不能使用。
D:不能成型为片状。
(6)成型性
在表面温度为160℃下利用阴模杯使各实施例、比较例的发泡片进行真空成型,评价成型性。将杯的直径设为D、深度设为H,增大深度H与直径D的比H/D,分别进行真空成型,通过发泡片产生破裂、或者发泡片的一部分中产生薄而透明的部分时的比H/D来评价成型性。
需要说明的是,在实用上,随着发泡体的密度不同,成型体的大小也不同,因此使评价基准如下那样相对于各密度而不同。
(评价基准)
·密度:0.036g/cc以上且小于0.044g/cc
A:0.8<H/D B:0.75<H/D≦0.8
C:0.7<H/D≦0.75 D:H/D≦0.7
·密度:0.044g/cc以上且小于0.057g/cc
A:0.82<H/D B:0.77<H/D≦0.82
C:0.72<H/D≦0.77 D:H/D≦0.72
·密度:0.057g/cc以上且小于0.077g/cc
A:0.84<H/D B:0.79<H/D≦0.84
C:0.74<H/D≦0.79 D:H/D≦0.74
·密度:0.077g/cc以上且小于0.133g/cc
A:0.86<H/D B:0.81<H/D≦0.86
C:0.76<H/D≦0.81 D:H/D≦0.76
实施例1~10、比较例1~9
在各实施例、比较例中,将表1所示的各树脂成分和添加剂以表1所示的份数投入到单螺杆挤出机中,在树脂温度190℃下进行熔融混炼并挤出,获得厚度为1.3mm的片状的发泡组合物。以加速电压800kV、以表1的照射量对该片状的发泡组合物的两面照射电子束,使其为规定的交联度,从而将发泡性组合物交联。然后,使进行了交联的发泡性组合物在250℃的气相烘箱中发泡,制成发泡片(发泡体)。将各实施例、比较例的发泡体的评价结果示于表1中。
Figure BDA0001238759930000161
在各实施例、比较例中使用的树脂成分和添加剂分别如下所示。
均聚PP1:均聚丙烯,商品名:J105G,プライムポリマー社制,MFR=9g/10分钟
均聚PP2:均聚丙烯,商品名:J106G,プライムポリマー社制,MFR=15g/10分钟
均聚PP3:均聚丙烯,商品名:EA7AD,日本ポリプロ社制,MFR=1.3g/10分钟
均聚PP4:均聚丙烯,商品名:J3000GP,プライムポリマー社制,MFR=30g/10分钟
均聚PP5:均聚丙烯,商品名:Y400-GP,プライムポリマー社制,MFR=4g/10分钟
无规PP:乙烯-丙烯无规共聚物,商品名:EG8,日本ポリプロ社制,MFR=0.8g/10分钟,乙烯量:3质量%
LLDPE:线状低密度聚乙烯,商品名:2047G,ダウケミカル日本社制,MFR=2.3g/10分钟
交联助剂:三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯
发泡剂:偶氮二甲酰胺
抗氧化剂1:2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚
抗氧化剂2:硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯
如上所述,在实施例1~10中,通过使发泡体的交联度为30~50%,同时使160℃断裂伸长率为150%以上,使SS系数高达7以上,能够使高温下的伸缩性、机械强度等变得良好,发泡体的高温下的成型性变得良好。
另一方面,如比较例2~8表明的那样,如果160℃断裂伸长率、SS系数、和交联度中的任一个处于上述范围外,则高温下的发泡体的伸缩性、机械强度等下降,发泡体的成型性变得不充分。需要说明的是,在比较例1、9中,均聚丙烯(A)的MFR过低或过高,因此片加工性变差,不能将发泡性组合物加工为发泡体。

Claims (15)

1.一种发泡体,其密度为0.036g/cc以上且小于0.133g/cc,依照JIS K6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率以百分比计为150%以上且为400%以下,
该单位为%的断裂点伸长率乘以依照JIS K6251在160℃下测定的单位为MPa的100%模量而得的值为7以上且为30以下,
该发泡体的交联度为33~46%,
该发泡体是使发泡性组合物交联并且发泡而得的发泡体,所述发泡性组合物含有均聚丙烯A、无规聚丙烯B和线状低密度聚乙烯C,
所述均聚丙烯A相对于发泡性组合物中的树脂成分总量为10~60质量%,并且该均聚丙烯A依据JIS K7210在温度230℃、荷重2.16kgf的条件下测定的熔体流动速率为2.5~20g/10分钟。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发泡体,其密度为0.036g/cc以上且小于0.044g/cc,依照JISK6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率以百分比计为150%以上且为240%以下,
该单位为%的断裂点伸长率乘以依照JIS K6251在160℃下测定的单位为MPa的100%模量而得的值为7以上且为15以下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发泡体,其密度为0.044g/cc以上且小于0.057g/cc,依照JISK6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率以百分比计为170%以上且为300%以下,
该单位为%的断裂点伸长率乘以依照JIS K6251在160℃下测定的单位为MPa的100%模量而得的值为8以上且为20以下。
4.根据权利要求1所述的发泡体,其密度为0.057g/cc以上且小于0.077g/cc,依照JISK6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率以百分比计为200%以上且为360%以下,
该单位为%的断裂点伸长率乘以依照JIS K6251在160℃下测定的单位为MPa的100%模量而得的值为10以上且为25以下。
5.根据权利要求1所述的发泡体,其密度为0.077g/cc以上且小于0.133g/cc,依照JISK6251测定的160℃的断裂点伸长率以百分比计为250%以上且为400%以下,
该单位为%的断裂点伸长率乘以依照JIS K6251在160℃下测定的单位为MPa的100%模量而得的值为15以上且为30以下。
6.根据权利要求1~5的任一项所述的发泡体,所述均聚丙烯A的熔体流动速率为6~12g/10分钟。
7.根据权利要求1~5的任一项所述的发泡体,所述发泡性组合物以相对于所述均聚丙烯A为0.16~8的质量比含有所述无规聚丙烯B,并且以相对于所述均聚丙烯A为0.16~8的质量比含有所述线状低密度聚乙烯C。
8.根据权利要求1~5的任一项所述的发泡体,以相对于组合物中的树脂成分总量为10质量%以上且小于20质量%的量含有所述均聚丙烯A。
9.根据权利要求8所述的发泡体,所述发泡性组合物以相对于所述均聚丙烯A为1.6~5的质量比含有所述无规聚丙烯B,并且以相对于所述均聚丙烯A为1.6~5的质量比含有所述线状低密度聚乙烯C。
10.根据权利要求1~5的任一项所述的发泡体,所述无规聚丙烯B依据JIS K7210在温度230℃、荷重2.16kgf的条件下测定的熔体流动速率为0.4~2.0g/10分钟,并且所述线状低密度聚乙烯C依据JIS K7210、在温度190℃、荷重2.16kgf的条件下测定的熔体流动速率为1.5~15g/10分钟。
11.根据权利要求1~5的任一项所述的发泡体,所述无规聚丙烯B是乙烯-丙烯无规共聚物。
12.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的发泡体,其是片状的且厚度为0.5~5.0mm。
13.一种叠层体,其具备权利要求1~12中任一项所述的发泡体和叠层于该发泡体的片状材料。
14.一种成型体,其是将权利要求1~12中任一项所述的发泡体、或权利要求13所述的叠层体成型而获得的。
15.一种成型体,其是将权利要求13所述的叠层体成型而获得的,所述片状材料表面带有凹凸。
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