CN106561210B - Utilize the method for potato stem section numerous micro potato fastly - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly propagating potato microtubers by using potato stem segments, which comprises the following steps in sequence: preparing a cultivation substrate; packing the cultivation substrate into seedling pots, watering thoroughly, and transplanting 7-8cm high Potato seedlings; then put them into a net shed equipped with sunshade nets and insect-proof nets for cultivation; when the potato plants to be cultivated grow to 28-32cm, cut off the top, and then cut the potato plant stems into stems with a compound leaf segment; divide the cultivation medium into the hole tray, and pour water thoroughly; cut the above-mentioned potato plant stem section upwards according to the morphology into the hole tray for cultivation, and make the base of the petiole just covered by the cultivation substrate during cutting; when the cutting After a 0.8-1.2g miniature tuber is formed at the leaf node of the potato stem section, the stem section is pulled out, and the miniature tuber is harvested.

Description

Method for rapidly propagating potato microtubers by using potato stem segments

technical field

The invention relates to a rapid propagation technology of potato microtubers, in particular to rapid propagation of potato microtubers by using the cutting technology of potato stem segments.

Background technique

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a widely distributed, nutrient-rich food and vegetable crop, and it is the fourth largest crop after wheat, rice and corn in my country.

At present, plant tissue culture technology is mainly used to breed improved potato varieties and virus-free potatoes. This technology needs to achieve the purpose of rapid multiplication of potato microtubers through subculture. The reproduction coefficient of subculture is high, and a large number of seedlings can be obtained quickly, but there are some disadvantages in the expansion of seedlings through tissue culture: first, the equipment requirements are high, and a professional tissue culture laboratory is required; The technical operation level is relatively high, and it is easy to pollute; thirdly, the price of agar powder used in tissue culture is relatively high, and the production cost is high.

Another way is to achieve the purpose of rapid propagation of potato seedlings through the isolated axillary bud cutting technology. Wang Mengfei and others have applied for a patent (patent publication number CN102057834A). This technology includes the following steps: mother plant cultivation, axillary bud induction, cutting bed preparation, axillary bud cutting, isolated axillary bud treatment, temperature control and management. Weeks of cultivation induced potato minitubers for production. This method has low cost and high reproduction coefficient, but the technology has the following defects: First, N-dimethylaminosuccinic acid and KH ₂ PO ₄ are required to induce axillary buds. Second, the isolated axillary buds need to be treated with exogenous hormones before they can be cut. The operation is complicated and time-consuming.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for rapidly propagating potato microtubers (micropotatoes) by using potato stem segments. The method is simple to operate, low in production cost, and can rapidly multiply potato microtubers.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of method that utilizes potato stem segment rapid propagation potato microtuber (miniature potato), comprises the following steps successively:

1), the preparation of cultivation substrate:

Mix peat, vermiculite and perlite according to the mass ratio of 1:0.9～1.1:0.9～1.1 to prepare the cultivation substrate;

2), transplanting of test-tube seedlings:

Pack the cultivation medium obtained in step 1) into seedling pots, and after watering thoroughly, transplant potato seedlings with a height of 7 to 8 cm; Water at the right time, control the temperature during the day (ie 6:00 to 18:00) to 28 to 30°C, at night (ie 18:00 to 6:00) the temperature to be 18 to 20°C, and the relative humidity to be 70% to 90%;

Remarks: The above-mentioned timely watering is carried out according to conventional techniques, that is, when the water content is ≤12%, water until the water content is 18%, and the stated % is mass %;

The insect-proof net cover is, for example, 40 orders, and its purpose is to prevent and control insect pests; the insect-proof net covers the nursery pot;

3), stem segment cutting:

When the potato plant cultivated in step 2) grows to 28-32cm (preferably about 30cm), cut off (cut off with a blade) 4-6cm (preferably 5cm) of the top of the plant, and then cut the potato plant stem into For a stem section with a compound leaf, the distance between the upper and lower incisions of the stem section is 1±0.1cm from the base of the petiole;

4), stem cuttings:

The cultivation substrate obtained in step 1) is sub-packed in the hole tray, and watered thoroughly;

The stem section of the potato plant obtained in step 3) is cut into the hole tray according to the top end of the morphology and cultivated, and the base of the petiole is just covered by the cultivation medium during cutting; the cultivation conditions are the same as in step 2);

Remarks: According to the orientation of the leaves on the stem, the upper end of the morphology can be judged, and the upper end of the leaves is the upper end of the morphology;

5), Harvesting micro-tubers:

When the leaf nodes of the cut potato stems in step 4) bear 0.8 to 1.2 g (that is, about 1 g) miniature potatoes (cutting culture time is about 18 to 22 days), and pull out the stems, And harvest microtubers.

As an improvement of the method for rapid propagation of potato microtubers using potato stem segments of the present invention: in the step 1), the mass ratio of peat: vermiculite: perlite = 1:1:1.

By adopting the method of the present invention, it can proliferate once in about 4 to 5 weeks, and can proliferate 5 to 10 times in one time. The preservation and transportation of the microtubers obtained by cutting are very convenient, which is very beneficial to the popularization and application of this technology. In addition, the harvested microtubers can continue to be planted into seedlings, and the purpose of further proliferation can be achieved through repeated cuttings.

The cultivation substrate of the present invention can meet the mineral elements required in each stage in the process of rapid propagation of potato microtubers by stem segments, and does not need to apply additional fertilizers.

In the invention, the stem section with one compound leaf is directly cut, and miniature tubers can be successfully obtained without using exogenous hormones for treatment.

In summary, using the present invention to carry out rapid propagation of potato microtubers has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost, fast propagation speed, and high propagation coefficient. Therefore, the present invention is very suitable for rapid propagation of potato minitubers.

Description of drawings

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the miniature tuber schematic diagram that the potato stem section leaf node of cutting is produced;

Fig. 2 is the potato microtuber schematic diagram that is harvested from the potato stem section of cutting;

Fig. 3 is the effect drawing of the seedlings grown from the harvested potato minitubers.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Embodiment 1: Utilize the method of potato stem section cuttage technology to propagate color potato powder variety ' cherie ' miniature tuber rapidly, carry out the following steps successively:

1), the preparation of cultivation substrate:

Mix peat, vermiculite, and perlite in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a cultivation substrate;

2), transplanting of test-tube seedlings:

In early April, divide the cultivation medium into seedling pots and water thoroughly. Take the virus-free potato test-tube seedlings with good growth and plant height of 7-8cm from the tissue culture room, plant them in seedling pots after seedling training, put the seedling pots in a net shed covered with sunshade nets, and use 40 mesh The insect-proof nets cover the seedling pots, and water them in good time according to conventional techniques. The daytime temperature is 28-30°C, the nighttime temperature is 18-20°C, and the humidity is 70%-90%.

instruction manual:

Good growth: The height of the seedlings reaches 7cm, the leaves are emerald green, and the diameter of the stem is more than 2mm, which is considered to be good growth;

The seedling training is to pull out the seedlings from the grouping pipe, wash the root culture medium with tap water, put it in a ventilated place (the temperature is 25° C.) and wait for the roots to dry; the time is about 1 hour.

Timely watering means that when the water content is ≤12%, water until the water content is 18%.

3), stem section cutting:

When the potato plant grows to the seedling of about 30cm (about 10 days), cut off the top 5cm of the plant with a blade, then cut the potato plant stem section into a stem section with a compound leaf, and the incision is 1cm above and below the petiole base. Through this step, the shearing multiplication factor reaches 8-9 times.

4), stem cuttings:

Divide the cultivation medium into plug trays and water thoroughly. The cut potato plant stems are cut into the hole tray according to the morphology with the upper end facing upwards, and the cutting depth is such that the base of the petiole is just covered by the substrate. Also put it into a net shed for cultivation; the cultivation conditions are the same as step 2).

5), Harvesting micro-tubers:

After about 3 weeks (21 days), the leaf nodes of the potato stem section of the cuttage bear about 1g of miniature tubers, as shown in Figure 1, the stem section is pulled out and the miniature tubers are harvested, as shown in Figure 2.

6), subpack the matrix into the seedling pots, and pour water thoroughly. Plant the harvested potato minitubers into nursery pots. Put it into a netting shed for cultivation. The culture conditions are the same as step 2).

7), after about one week, the potato microtubers of harvest grow into seedlings, as shown in Figure 3, when the seedlings grow to about 30cm (need about 10 days), repeat the seedlings in the above-mentioned cutting steps (that is, replace step 3), And continue to implement steps 4) and 5) to obtain micro tubers), this step can be multiplied by 8 to 9 times.

Embodiment 2. The potato variety in Embodiment 1 was changed from "cherie" miniature potato to "Zhongshu No. 3"; the rest were identical to Embodiment 1.

The result is:

Step 3): When the potato plant grows to about 30cm, it takes about 10 days; the multiplication coefficient is 9-10 times.

Step 5): about 18 days, the leaf nodes of the cut potato stem section produced about 1g of miniature potatoes;

Step 7): About 7 days, the harvested potato microtubers grow into seedlings; it takes about 9 days for the seedlings to grow to about 30 cm; the multiplication factor is 9 to 10 times.

Embodiment 3. The potato variety in Embodiment 1 is changed from "cherie" miniature potato to "Chuan 56"; the rest are equal to Embodiment 1.

The result is:

Step 3): When the potato plant grows to about 30cm, it takes about 9 days; the multiplication coefficient is 7-8 times.

Step 5): about 19 days, the leaf nodes of the cut potato stem section bear about 1g of miniature potatoes;

Step 7): About 7 days, the harvested potato microtubers grow into seedlings; it takes about 10 days for the seedlings to grow to about 30 cm; the multiplication factor is 7-8 times.

Comparative example 1-1, change the peat: vermiculite: perlite in Example 1 from 1:1:1 to "2:1:1", and the rest is the same as Example 1.

The result is:

Step 3): When the potato plant grows to about 30 cm, it takes about 13 days; the multiplication coefficient is 6-7 times.

Step 5): about 30 days, the leaf nodes of the cut potato stem section bear about 1g of miniature potatoes;

Step 7): About 9 days, the harvested potato microtubers grow into seedlings; it takes about 12 days for the seedlings to grow to about 30 cm; the multiplication factor is 6-7 times.

Comparative example 1-2, the cultivation substrate in Example 1 was changed to peat, the conventional substrate currently used for potato cultivation. The rest are equal to Example 1.

The result is:

Step 3): When the potato plant grows to about 30cm, it takes about 15 days; the multiplication coefficient is 4-5 times.

Step 5): about 26 days, the leaf nodes of the cut potato stem section bear about 1g of miniature potatoes;

Step 7): About 10 days, the harvested potato microtubers grow into seedlings; it takes about 14 days for the seedlings to grow to about 30 cm; the multiplication factor is 4 to 5 times.

Comparative example 2, the upper and lower incisions of the stem section in embodiment 1 step 3) are 1 ± 0.1cm apart from the petiole base to change "the upper incision of the stem section is 0.5 ± 0.1cm apart from the petiole base, and the lower section of the stem section is 0.5 ± 0.1cm apart from the petiole base. The incision is 1 ± 0.1 cm " from the base of the petiole; the rest are equal to embodiment 1.

The result is:

Step 5): About 24 days, about 1g of miniature tubers are produced at the leaf nodes of the cut potato stems.

Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only some specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All deformations that can be directly derived or associated by those skilled in the art from the content disclosed in the present invention should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. Utilize the method for the potato stem section quick-propagation potato miniature tuber, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps successively: 1) Preparation of cultivation substrate: Mix peat, vermiculite, and perlite in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a cultivation substrate; 2) Transplanting test-tube seedlings: Divide the cultivation medium obtained in step 1) into seedling pots, and after watering thoroughly, transplant potato seedlings with a height of 7-8 cm; Timely watering during the process, control the daytime temperature at 28~30°C, nighttime temperature at 18~20°C, and relative humidity at 70%~90%; 3) Stem cutting: In step 2) when the potato plant grows to 28-32cm, cut off the top 4-6cm of the plant, then cut the potato plant stem section into a stem section with a compound leaf. 1±0.1cm; 4), stem cuttings: Pack the cultivation substrate obtained in step 1) into hole trays, and pour water thoroughly; Cutting the stem section of the potato plant obtained in step 3) into the hole tray according to the morphological upper end upwards, and cultivating, the base of the petiole is just covered by the cultivation medium during cutting; the cultivation conditions are the same as in step 2); 5) Harvesting microtubers: When the leaf nodes of the cut potato stems in step 4) bear 0.8-1.2g miniature tubers, pull out the stems and harvest the miniature tubers.